TEDIndia 2009
Shaffi Mather: A new way to fight corruption
夏菲•马瑟(Shaffi Mather)：反腐新招
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夏菲•马瑟于此解释了他为何丢弃他原先的工作并成为一名社会企业家。他的企业是提供生命救助服务的 1298 for Ambulance 。现在，他提出一新的主意和计划以建立一间反腐公司。与那些于公共服务中出现的腐败现象作斗争，并剪除他们的羽翼。
Shaffi Mather - Social entrepreneur, lawyer
Shaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access. Full bio
Shaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
The anger in me against corruption
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腐败对于我的触动
00:19
made me to make a big career change
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使我于去年经历了一场
00:22
last year, becoming a full-time practicing lawyer.
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巨大的职场变动，我成为了一名专职执业律师。
00:26
My experiences over the last 18 months,
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自过去的18个月以来，我作为一名律师的
00:30
as a lawyer, has seeded in me
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经历使一种新型创业想法
00:32
a new entrepreneurial idea,
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深深植入我心，
00:35
which I believe is indeed
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我相信这的确是
00:37
worth spreading.
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值得传播的。
00:39
So, I share it with all of you here today,
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因此我想将此想法与你们一同分享，
00:42
though the idea itself is getting crystallized
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即使此想法已具体成形
00:44
and I'm still writing up the business plan.
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但我仍力图使之精益求精。
00:47
Of course it helps that fear of public failure
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当新的想法不断涌现时，
00:50
diminishes as the number of ideas
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它们会减弱公众对之前的失败
00:53
which have failed increases.
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而引出的负面印象。
00:57
I've been a huge fan of enterprise and entrepreneurship
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自从1993年以来，我已
01:00
since 1993.
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成为企业及企业家精神的俘虏。
01:02
I've explored, experienced,
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我曾用心体验、经历
01:04
and experimented enterprise
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以及试验企业和资本主义
01:06
and capitalism to my heart's content.
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是怎么样的。
01:09
I built, along with my two brothers,
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我伙同我的两位兄弟
01:11
the leading real estate company in my home state, Kerala,
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一并于喀拉拉邦，我的家乡，创建了领头的房地产公司。
01:15
and then worked professionally
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紧接着和两位印度最成功的
01:17
with two of India's biggest businessmen,
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商人一起工作，
01:20
but in their startup enterprises.
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不过只是在他们的新兴企业中工作。
01:23
In 2003, when I stepped out of the pure play capitalistic sector
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于2003年，我步出了纯粹的资本主义市场
01:28
to work on so-called social sector issues,
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然后我迈进了所谓的社会问题领域，
01:32
I definitely did not have any grand strategy
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我的确没有任何雄心壮志
01:36
or plan to pursue and find
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也无志于寻找
01:39
for-profit solutions
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营利性解决方案
01:41
to addressing pressing public issues.
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以处理紧迫的社会问题。
01:44
When life brought about a series
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当命运和你开了
01:46
of death and near-death experiences
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一系列的生死
01:49
within my close circle,
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玩笑时，
01:51
which highlighted the need
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我意识到
01:53
for an emergency medical response service in India,
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印度需要紧急医疗事故处理服务，
01:56
similar to 911 in USA.
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就如美国911时所作出的反应。
01:59
To address this, I, along with four friends,
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为了解决此问题，我和我的四位朋友，
02:02
founded Ambulance Access for All,
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一起创建了 Ambulance Access for All，
02:04
to promote life-support ambulance services in India.
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以促进印度的生命援助救护车服务。
02:08
For those from the developing world,
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那些从发展中国家来的人，
02:10
there is nothing, absolutely nothing new in this idea.
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此设想对于你们来说，是毫不出奇的。
02:13
But as we envisioned it,
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不过当我们为止展望时，
02:15
we had three key goals:
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我们得出了三个主要目标：
02:17
Providing world-class life support ambulance service
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提供世界级的救护车服务
02:20
which is fully self-sustainable from its own revenue streams,
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并且要是自给自足的，
02:23
and universally accessible
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以及是随处可及的，
02:25
to anyone in a medical emergency,
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向所有有需要的人提供服务，
02:28
irrespective of the capability to pay.
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还有不论价钱。
02:31
The service which grew out of this,
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此项服务正是基于此三个目标而建立的，
02:33
Dial 1298 for Ambulance,
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Dial 1298 for Ambulance(组织)，
02:35
with one ambulance in 2004,
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于2004年时只有一辆救护车，
02:38
now has a hundred-plus ambulances in three states,
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岂知现在已有逾百辆救护车分布于三个邦，
02:41
and has transported over 100,000 patients
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而且我们至今已输送
02:44
and victims since inception.
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逾十万名伤患至医院。
02:46
The service is -- (Applause)
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此服务是— (鼓掌)
02:49
fully self-sustainable from its own revenues,
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自给自足的，
02:52
without accessing any public funds,
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不需要任何公共资金的援助
02:54
and the cross-subsidy model actually works,
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而且这中交叉补贴模式的确有效，
02:58
where the rich pays higher, poor pays lower,
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富人支付更多的钱而穷人则少付，
03:01
and the accident victim is getting the service free of charge.
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事故的受害者们则完全免费。
03:05
The service responded effectively
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此项服务于11/26
03:07
and efficiently,
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孟买恐怖袭击时
03:09
during the unfortunate
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作出了有效而
03:11
26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.
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迅速的反应。
03:14
And as you can see from the visuals,
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正如你们从视频中得知，
03:18
the service was responding and rescuing
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这项服务于警察封锁现场前
03:21
victims from the incident locations
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就到达了酒店处
03:24
even before the police could cordon off
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并且当即救助于事故中
03:27
the incident locations
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受伤的受害者们，
03:30
and formally confirm it as a terror strike.
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警察随后就确认此次袭击为恐怖袭击。
03:33
We ended up being the first medical response team
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我们是于此次袭击中是
03:37
in every incident location
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第一个反应过来的医疗团队
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and transported 125 victims,
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并且输送了125名受害者至医院
03:43
saving life.
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以使他们存活下来。
03:45
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
03:50
In tribute and remembrance
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为了悼念和回忆
03:54
of 26/11 attacks
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去年的11/26
03:58
over the last one year,
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恐怖袭击事件，
04:01
we have actually helped a Pakistani NGO,
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我们携手一所巴基斯坦非政府组织，
04:04
Aman Foundation,
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Aman Foundation，
04:07
to set up a self-sustainable life support ambulance service
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一同于卡拉奇创建了一自给自足的救护车服务企业，
04:11
in Karachi, facilitated by Acumen Fund.
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同时 Acumen Fund 也向我们伸出援助之手。
04:14
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
04:20
It's a small message from us,
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我只想用我们微薄的力量
04:24
in our own small way
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来传递一小小的信息
04:26
to the enemies of humanity,
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至那些泯灭人性
04:28
of Islam, of South Asia,
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与伊斯兰、南亚、
04:31
of India, and of Pakistan,
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印度和巴基斯坦为敌的人，
04:34
that humanity will continue to bloom,
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人道主义不会因这些卑劣的手段
04:37
irrespective of such dastardly attacks.
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而停止发光发热。
04:39
Since then I've also co-founded two other social enterprises.
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自那时起，我和他们合作创办了另两个社会企业。
04:43
One is Education Access for All,
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一是 Education Access for All ，
04:45
setting up schools in small-town India.
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是为了于印度的边缘村镇广设学校。
04:48
And the other is Moksha-Yug Access,
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另一是 Moksha-Yug Access，
04:50
which is integrating rural supply chain
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以自助团体组成的小额信贷公司为基础
04:52
on the foundations of self-help group-based microfinance.
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来整合乡村的供给链。
04:57
I guess we seem to be doing at least a few things right.
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我想我们至少做对了几件事。
05:00
Because diligent investors and venture funds
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因为勤勉的投资人和创投资金
05:03
have committed over 7.5 million dollars in funding.
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已向我们挹注了逾750万元美金。
05:07
With the significance being these funds have come in
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最重要的是，这些资金都是合格交易的
05:09
as a QT capital, not as grant or as philanthropy.
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而非慈善捐赠。
05:13
Now I come back to the idea of the new social enterprise
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回到我目前正在探索的新型
05:16
that I'm exploring.
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社会企业。
05:18
Corruption, bribes, and lack of transparency.
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腐败，贿赂以及透明度缺失。
05:21
You may be surprised to know
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你或许会惊讶于
05:23
that eight speakers yesterday
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昨天已有八位演讲者
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actually mentioned these terms in their talks.
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于他们的演讲中提及这些词语。
05:29
Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side,
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贿赂和腐败是供求的双方。
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with the supply side being mostly of
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供给的一方常常是
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greedy corporate unethical businesses
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贪婪而又不道德的企业
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and hapless common man.
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以及不幸的普通人。
05:39
And the demand side being mostly politicians,
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需求的一方则通常是政客、
05:42
bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power
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官僚以及那些拥有
05:44
vested with them.
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实权的人。
05:46
According to World Bank estimate,
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根据世界银行的估算，
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one trillion dollars is paid in bribes
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每年都会有一万亿元美金
05:51
every year, worsening the condition
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被用于贿赂，
05:53
of the already worse off.
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这无疑是火上浇油。
05:55
Yet, if you analyze the common man,
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假如你对一普通人进行分析，
05:58
he or she does not wake up every day and say,
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他或她并不会每天早起
06:01
"Hmm, let me see who I can pay a bribe to today."
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并说：“嗯嗯，让我看看，我今天应向谁行贿呢。”
06:04
or, "Let me see who I can corrupt today."
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或说：“看看我可以使谁变得堕落呢。”
06:07
Often it is the constraining or the back-to-the-wall situation
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这经常是一种不得不面对的情形，
06:12
that the hapless common man finds himself or herself in
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那些不幸的普通人们是在为
06:15
that leads him to pay a bribe.
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行贿提供金钱来源。
06:17
In the modern day world, where time is premium
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在现今世界中，时间是珍贵的，
06:20
and battle for subsistence is unimaginably tough,
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同时为生存之战是异常残酷的，
06:23
the hapless common man
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一位不幸的普通人
06:25
simply gives in and pays the bribe just to get on with life.
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只能无奈地支付了这笔赃款以乞求存。
06:30
Now, let me ask you another question.
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现在，让我问你另一个问题。
06:32
Imagine you are being asked to pay a bribe
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想象一下你被要求支付一笔贿赂
06:34
in your day-to-day life to get something done.
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以使你每天能做成一些事。
06:37
What do you do? Of course you can call the police.
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你会怎么做？当然，你可以马上报警。
06:40
But what is the use if the police department is in itself steeped in corruption?
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若连警察部门也踏入这潭深水时怎么办？
06:44
Most definitely you don't want to pay the bribe.
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你理所当然地不想支付这笔赃款。
06:47
But you also don't have the time, resources,
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但你没有任何资源
06:50
expertise or wherewithal to fight this.
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或武器使你与之斗争。
06:53
Unfortunately, many of us in this room
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在此大厅里的很多人，
06:57
are supporters of capitalist policies and market forces.
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很不幸的都是资本主义政策和市场力量的支持者。
07:01
Yet the market forces around the world
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如今的市场力量
07:04
have not yet thrown up a service where you can call in,
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尚未足以抛出这样一项服务，
07:07
pay a fee, and fight the demand for a bribe.
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你可以打电话向他们捐赠金钱然后并要求与腐败做斗争。
07:10
Like a bribe buster service,
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就如同行贿克星服务，
07:13
or 1-800-Fight-Bribes,
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或是 1-800-反对-行贿 ，
07:15
or www.stopbribes.org or
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或是 www.终结行贿.org 或是
07:19
www.preventcorruption.org.
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www.防止腐败.org 。
07:22
Such a service simply do not exist.
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此类服务还不存于世。
07:25
One image that has haunted me
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我曾被一梦魇侵扰，
07:27
from my early business days
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梦中常常闪现一位老人，
07:29
is of a grandmother, 70 plus years, being harassed
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已逾古稀之年，经常被当地的
07:32
by the bureaucrats in the town planning office.
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城市规划办公室的官僚们骚扰。
07:35
All she needed was permission to build three steps
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她仅需的是一项许可，
07:37
to her house, from ground level,
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许可她于她家门前建三级台阶，
07:39
making it easier for her to enter and exit her house.
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这可以使她更易于进出屋子。
07:42
Yet the officer in charge would not simply give her the permit
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偏偏那位官员不愿给予此项许可
07:45
for want of a bribe.
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假如老太不向他行贿。
07:47
Even though it pricked my conscience then,
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即使这是被良心谴责的，
07:49
I could not, or rather I did not
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我不能，或说
07:51
tend to her or assist her,
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我不愿去帮助她，
07:54
because I was busy building my real estate company.
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因为我在忙于建设我自己的房地产公司。
07:56
I don't want to be haunted by such images any more.
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我不想再被此类梦魇侵扰。
08:00
A group of us have been working on a pilot basis
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我们中的一组曾经组建一试验性的组织
08:02
to address individual instances of demands
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来解决个体为需求公共服务或是
08:05
for bribes for common services or entitlement.
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授权而进行行贿的问题。
08:08
And in all 42 cases where we have pushed back such demands
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于42个案例中
08:11
using existing and legitimate tools
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我们都是通过现存的合法工具
08:14
like the Right to Information Act,
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如知情权等，
08:16
video, audio, or peer pressure,
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来解决此类问题。
08:19
we have successfully obtained whatever our clients
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我们已成功为我们的委托人
08:21
set out to achieve without actually paying a bribe.
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达到他们的目的，且不用行贿。
08:25
And with the cost of these tools being substantially lower
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使用这些工具的费用
08:28
than the bribe demanded.
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是大大低于行贿所需的款项。
08:30
I believe that these tools that worked in these 42 pilot cases
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我深信这些工具可以
08:35
can be consolidated in standard processes
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进一步于一种外包型环境中
08:39
in a BPO kind of environment,
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进行加强，
08:42
and made available on web, call-center
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并且使之存于网络上、呼叫中心
08:45
and franchise physical offices,
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及特许经营办事处中，
08:47
for a fee, to serve anyone confronted with a demand for a bribe.
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是收费的，以为任何有需要的人进行服务。
08:52
The target market is as tempting as it can get.
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目标市场是诱人的。
08:55
It can be worth up to one trillion dollars,
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每年都有一万亿美元
08:58
being paid in bribes every year,
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被用于行贿，
09:00
or equal to India's GDP.
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这等同于印度的国内生产总值。
09:03
And it is an absolutely virgin market.
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而且这是一绝对新生的市场。
09:06
I propose to explore this idea further,
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我建议继续深挖此设想，
09:09
to examine the potential of creating
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从而来检验创建这项服务的潜力，
09:11
a for-profit, fee-based BPO
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这项营利收费的外包服务，
09:15
kind of service to stop bribes
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它可以阻止行贿
09:17
and prevent corruption.
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和防止腐败。
09:19
I do realize that the fight for justice
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我当然意识到
09:22
against corruption is never easy.
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为正义而战是永远艰涩的。
09:25
It never has been and it never will be.
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它永远不会是以简单的过程。
09:27
In my last 18 months as a lawyer,
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于过去的18个月里，作为一名律师，
09:30
battling small- and large-scale corruption,
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我与形形色色的腐败做过斗争，
09:32
including the one perpetrated by India's biggest corporate scamster.
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包括由印度最大的公司所犯下的贿赂。
09:36
Through his charities
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由于他们的“善意”，
09:38
I have had three police cases filed against me
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我于警察部门有所交集，
09:41
alleging trespass, impersonation and intimidation.
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我被指称非法侵入，扮演和恫吓。
09:44
The battle against corruption
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与腐败的斗争
09:46
exacts a toll on ourselves,
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是要我们自己付出代价的，
09:48
our families, our friends, and even our kids.
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包括我们的家庭、朋友，甚至是孩子们。
09:52
Yet I believe the price we pay is well worth holding on
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但我认为我们所付出的代价
09:54
to our dignity and making the world a fairer place.
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是值得的，是建设一更加美好的世界。
09:58
What gives us the courage?
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什么给予了我这项勇气？
10:00
As my close friend replied, when told
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正如我密友所回复
10:02
during the seeding days of the ambulance project
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当那还是萌芽之时，
10:05
that it is an impossible task
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这是不可能的任务，
10:07
and the founders are insane to chalk up their blue-chip jobs,
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而创建者们都是疯子，因为他们放弃了他们明亮的前途。
10:10
I quote: "Of course we cannot fail in this,
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我回复到：“我们当然不能放弃，
10:13
at least in our own minds.
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至少不能于意识中放弃。
10:15
For we are insane people,
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因为我们是一群疯子，
10:17
trying to do an impossible task.
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尝试去完成一项不可能的任务。
10:19
And an insane person does not know what an impossible task is." Thank you.
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偏偏一位疯子是全无顾忌的。” 谢谢。
10:23
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:31
Chris Anderson: Shaffi, that is a really exciting business idea.
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克里斯•安德森：夏菲，这个计划让人兴奋异常。
10:36
Shaffi Mather: I just have to get through the initial days where I don't get eliminated.
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夏菲：万事开头难，希望不要一开业就马上结业了。
10:40
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
10:42
CA: What's on your mind?
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安德森：你现在有什么想法么？
10:43
I mean, give us a sense of the numbers here --
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我是说，可不可以给我们一些更直观的景象，如数字等。
10:45
a typical bribe and a typical fee. I mean, what's in your head?
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譬如说，你们一般得贿赂多少钱以及得收多少钱？
10:48
SM: So let me ... Let me give you an example.
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夏菲：让我举个例子吧。
10:52
Somebody who had applied for the passport.
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某人前去申办护照。
10:55
The officer was just sitting on it
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工作人员两手一摊
10:58
and was demanding around 3,000 rupees in bribes.
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向你索要三千卢比的贿金。
11:01
And he did not want to pay.
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但某人不愿付这笔冤枉钱。
11:04
So we actually used the Right to Information Act,
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因此我们就得用《资讯权利法》，
11:06
which is equal to the Freedom of Information Act in the United States,
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颇似美国的《资讯自由法》，
11:09
and pushed back the officers in this particular case.
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只有这样才能迫使办事人员让步。
11:14
And in all these 42 cases,
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共42个案例中，
11:16
when we kept pushing them back,
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我们的反制行动
11:19
there was three kinds of reaction.
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通常会遭遇三种反应。
11:21
A set of people actually say,
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有些人会说：
11:23
"Oh, let me just grant it to them, and run away from it."
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“哦，他们要什么就给他们吧，我才不想惹火上身。”
11:26
Some people actually come back and say,
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有些则会反过来对我们说：
11:29
"Oh, you want to screw me. Let me show you what I can do."
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“哦，你要找麻烦是吧？你知道啥叫厕所里点灯吧。”
11:32
And he will push us back.
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然后则做出反击。
11:34
So you take the next step, or use the next tool available
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这时我们得采取下一步，
11:38
in what we are putting together,
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或用其他我们想得到的办法，
11:40
and then he relents.
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接着对方就会让步。
11:43
By the third time, in all 42 cases, we have achieved success.
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每个案子最多不超过三次就完成了。
11:46
CA: But if it's a 3,000-rupee, 70-dollar bribe,
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安德森：假如贿金是三千卢比，也就是七十美元，
11:51
what fee would you have to charge,
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你们的受理费大概是多少？
11:53
and can you actually make the business work?
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这门生意做得起来么？
11:55
SM: Well, actually the cost that we incurred
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夏菲：好吧，我们的收费
11:59
was less than 200 rupees.
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是低于两百卢比。
12:02
So, it actually works.
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因此，这的确行得通。
12:05
CA: That's a high gross margin business. I like it.
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安德森：利润真高啊。我喜欢！
12:08
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
12:10
SM: I actually did not want to answer this on the TED stage.
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夏菲：我本来没打算在TED舞台上提的。
12:13
CA: OK, so these are provisional numbers, no pricing guarantee.
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安德森：好吧，这些都是预估的数字，实际可有差异啊。
12:17
If you can pull this off, you will be a global hero.
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假设你成功了，你将是全世界的英雄啊。
12:20
I mean, this could be huge.
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这相当了不起。
12:22
Thank you so much for sharing this idea at TED.
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非常感谢你在TED上与我们一同分享这项计划。
12:24
(Applause)
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(掌声)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shaffi Mather - Social entrepreneur, lawyerShaffi Mather is the founder of 1298 for Ambulance, Education Access for All, and co-promoter of Moksha-Yug Access.
Why you should listen
Shaffi Mather was a successful young entrepreneur, who brought a family-run real estate business to the forefront of the local market before moving on to take major positions at two of India’s largest communication corporations -- Essel Group and Reliance Industries. However, after a perilous ride to the hospital with his mother he was forced to confront India’s need for a dependable ambulance service. He left his career at Reliance and founded 1298 for Ambulance, a for-profit service with a sliding scale payment system that has revolutionized medical transport in Mumbai and Kerala.
Today, Mather is also a co-founder of Moksha-Yug Access, a microfinance instiution that operates in rural India, and The Education Initiative, which is involved in e-learning and in creating schools across India. In addition, Mather is a lawyer focusing on litigation in public interest -- battling for transparency in governance and use of public funds, human rights, civil rights and primacy of constitution. He is a TEDIndia Fellow.
Shaffi Mather | Speaker | TED.com