TEDGlobal 2010
Nic Marks: The Happy Planet Index
Nic Marks: Indeks sretnog planeta
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Statističar Nic Marks se pita zašto mjerimo nacionalni uspjeh produktivnošću -- umjesto srećom i blagostanjem stanovnika. On nas upoznaje s Indeksom sretnog planeta, koji prati nacionalno blagostanje umjesto korištenja resursa (jer sretan život ne mora ništa koštati Zemlju). Koje države su najbolje plasirane po ovoj metodologiji? Možda se iznenadite.
Nic Marks - Happiness researcher
Nic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF). Full bio
Nic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Martin Luther King
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Martin Luther King
00:19
did not say,
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nije rekao,
00:21
"I have a nightmare,"
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"Imam noćnu moru,"
00:23
when he inspired the civil rights movements.
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kada je inspirirao pokret civilnih prava.
00:26
He said, "I have a dream."
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Rekao je, "Ja imam san."
00:29
And I have a dream.
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I imao je san.
00:31
I have a dream that we can stop thinking
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Ja imam san da možemo prestati razmišljati
00:33
that the future will be a nightmare,
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kako će budućnost biti noćna mora,
00:36
and this is going to be a challenge,
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i to će biti izazov,
00:38
because, if you think
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jer, ako razmislite
00:40
of every major blockbusting film of recent times,
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o svakom uspješnijem filmu u posljednje vrijeme,
00:44
nearly all of its visions for humanity
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gotovo svi predviđaju čovječanstvu
00:47
are apocalyptic.
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apokalipsu.
00:49
I think this film
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Mislim kako je ovaj film
00:51
is one of the hardest watches of modern times, "The Road."
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jedan od najtežih suvremenih filmova za gledati, "Cesta."
00:54
It's a beautiful piece of filmmaking,
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Iako predstavlja komad lijepe filmske produkcije
00:56
but everything is desolate,
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u njemu je sve opustošeno,
00:58
everything is dead.
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sve je mrtvo.
01:01
And just a father and son
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I samo otac i sin
01:03
trying to survive, walking along the road.
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pokušavaju preživjeti, hodajući sami po cesti.
01:06
And I think the environmental movement
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I mislim kako je pokret za okoliš,
01:08
of which I am a part of
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kojeg sam ja dio,
01:10
has been complicit
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bio suučesnik
01:12
in creating this vision of the future.
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u stvaranju takve vizije budućnosti.
01:14
For too long,
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Jako dugo,
01:16
we have peddled a nightmarish vision
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smo poticali tu viziju noćne more
01:18
of what's going to happen.
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onoga što će se dogoditi.
01:20
We have focused on the worst-case scenario.
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Fokusirali smo se na najlošije scenarije.
01:23
We have focused on the problems.
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Fokusirali smo se na probleme.
01:25
And we have not thought enough
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I nismo dovoljno razmišljali
01:27
about the solutions.
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o rješenjima.
01:29
We've used fear, if you like,
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Koristili smo strah,
01:31
to grab people's attention.
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kako bismo zadobili pažnju ljudi.
01:34
And any psychologist will tell you
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A psiholozi će vam reći
01:37
that fear in the organism
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kako je strah u organizmu
01:39
is linked to flight mechanism.
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povezan s mehanizmom bježanja.
01:41
It's part of the fight and flight mechanism,
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To je dio mehanizma bori se ili bježi,
01:44
that when an animal is frightened --
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kada je životinja preplašena --
01:46
think of a deer.
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zamislite jelena.
01:48
A deer freezes very, very still,
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Jelen se smrzne, ostane jako, jako miran
01:51
poised to run away.
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spreman pobjeći.
01:53
And I think that's what we're doing
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A ja mislim kako mi upravo to radimo
01:55
when we're asking people to engage with our agenda
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kada pitamo ljude da se uključe u našu borbu
01:58
around environmental degradation and climate change.
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oko propadanja okoliša i klimatskih promjena.
02:01
People are freezing and running away
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Ljudi se smrznu i pobjegnu
02:04
because we're using fear.
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jer se koristimo strahom.
02:06
And I think the environmental movement has to grow up
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I mislim kako pokret za okoliš mora odrasti
02:09
and start to think about
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i počinjem razmišljati o
02:11
what progress is.
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tome što napredak jest.
02:13
What would it be like to be improving the human lot?
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Kako bi izgledalo kada bi se ljudi bitno unaprijedili?
02:16
And one of the problems that we face, I think,
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I jedan od problema s kojim smo suočeni, mislim,
02:18
is that the only people that have cornered the market
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da jedini ljudi koji su monopolizirali tržište
02:21
in terms of progress
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u smislu napretka,
02:23
is a financial definition of what progress is,
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koriste financijsku definiciju onoga što napredak znači,
02:26
an economic definition of what progress is --
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ekonomsku definiciju onoga što napredak znači --
02:29
that somehow,
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da nekako,
02:31
if we get the right numbers to go up,
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ako dobijemo prave brojke za ići prema gore,
02:33
we're going to be better off,
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kako će nam biti bolje,
02:36
whether that's on the stock market,
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bilo da se radi o tržištu vrijednosnica,
02:38
whether that's with GDP
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bilo da se radi o BDP-u
02:40
and economic growth,
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i ekonomskom rastu,
02:42
that somehow life is going to get better.
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da će nekako život biti bolji.
02:44
This is somehow appealing to human greed
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To se nekako odnosi na ljudsku pohlepu
02:47
instead of fear --
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umjesto straha --
02:49
that more is better.
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kako je više bolje.
02:51
Come on. In the Western world, we have enough.
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Hajdete. U zapadnom svijetu, imamo dovoljno.
02:54
Maybe some parts of the world don't, but we have enough.
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Možda neki dijelovi svijeta nemaju, ali mi imamo dovoljno.
02:57
And we've know for a long time that this is not a good measure
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I mi znamo već jako dugo kako ovo nije dobra mjera
03:00
of the welfare of nations.
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blagostanja nacije.
03:02
In fact, the architect of our national accounting system,
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U stvari, arhitekt našeg nacionalnog računovodstvenog sustava
03:05
Simon Kuznets, in the 1930s,
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Simon Kuznets, 1930-te
03:08
said that, "A nation's welfare
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je rekao, " Blagostanje nacije
03:10
can scarcely be inferred from their national income."
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se teško može zadovoljiti nacionalnim prihodima."
03:13
But we've created a national accounting system
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Ali mi smo stvorili nacionalni računovodstveni sustav
03:15
which is firmly based on production
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koji je čvrsto baziran na produktivnosti
03:17
and producing stuff.
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i proizvodnji stvari.
03:19
And indeed, this is probably historical, and it had its time.
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Uistinu, to je vjerojatno povijesno, za to je postojalo vrijeme.
03:22
In the second World War, we needed to produce a lot of stuff.
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U II. svjetskom ratu, morali smo proizvoditi puno stvari
03:25
And indeed, we were so successful at producing certain types of stuff
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I stvarno, bili smo toliko uspješni u proizvodnji određenih vrsta stvari
03:28
that we destroyed a lot of Europe, and we had to rebuild it afterwards.
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da smo uništili pola Europe, i onda smo kasnije to morali nanovo izgraditi.
03:31
And so our national accounting system
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I tako je naš nacionalni računovodstveni sustav
03:33
became fixated on what we can produce.
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postao fiksiran na ono što proizvodimo.
03:36
But as early as 1968,
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Ali 1968.,
03:39
this visionary man, Robert Kennedy,
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vizionar, Robert Kennedy,
03:42
at the start of his ill-fated presidential campaign,
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započeo je svoju nesretnu predsjedničku kampanju,
03:45
gave the most eloquent deconstruction
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davši najelokventniju dekonstrukciju
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of gross national product
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bruto nacionalnog proizvoda
03:50
that ever has been.
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koja je ikada postojala.
03:52
And he finished his talk with the phrase,
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I završio je svoj govor s frazom,
03:55
that, "The gross national product
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kako, "Bruto nacionalni proizvod
03:57
measures everything except that
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mjeri sve osim onoga
04:00
which makes life worthwhile."
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što čini život vrijednim življenja."
04:02
How crazy is that? That our measure of progress,
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Koliko je to ludo? Da naša mjera napretka,
04:05
our dominant measure of progress in society,
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naša dominantna mjera napretka društva,
04:08
is measuring everything
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mjeri sve
04:10
except that which makes life worthwhile?
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osim onoga što čini život vrijednim življenja?
04:13
I believe, if Kennedy was alive today,
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Vjerujem, kada bi Kennedy bio živ danas,
04:16
he would be asking statisticians such as myself
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zapitao bi statističare poput mene
04:19
to go out and find out
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da izađu i saznaju
04:21
what makes life worthwhile.
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što čini život vrijednim življenja.
04:23
He'd be asking us to redesign
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Pitao bih nas da redizajniramo
04:25
our national accounting system
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naš nacionalni računovodstveni sustav
04:27
to be based upon
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koji bi se temeljio
04:29
such important things as social justice,
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na važnim stvarima poput socijalne pravde,
04:32
sustainability
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održivosti
04:34
and people's well-being.
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i ljudskog blagostanja.
04:36
And actually, social scientists have already gone out
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I u stvari, društveni znanstvenici su već izašli
04:38
and asked these questions around the world.
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i pitali su ta pitanja širom svijeta.
04:40
This is from a global survey.
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Ovo je iz globalnog istraživanja.
04:42
It's asking people, what do they want.
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Pitalo se ljude, što oni žele?
04:45
And unsurprisingly, people all around the world
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I bez iznenađenja, ljudi širom svijeta
04:48
say that what they want
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su rekli da ono što oni žele
04:50
is happiness, for themselves,
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jest sreća, za njih,
04:52
for their families, their children,
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za njihove obitelji, njihovu djecu,
04:54
their communities.
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njihove zajednice.
04:56
Okay, they think money is slightly important.
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OK, oni misle kako je novac neznatno važan.
04:58
It's there, but it's not nearly as important as happiness,
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On je tamo, ali nije niti približno toliko važan kao sreća,
05:01
and it's not nearly as important as love.
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i nije niti približno važan kao ljubav.
05:04
We all need to love and be loved in life.
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Svi mi trebamo ljubav i biti voljeni u životu.
05:07
It's not nearly as important as health.
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Nije niti približno važan kao zdravlje
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We want to be healthy and live a full life.
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Mi želimo biti zdravi i živjeti puni život.
05:12
These seem to be natural human aspirations.
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To se čini prirodnom ljudskom aspiracijom.
05:15
Why are statisticians not measuring these?
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Zašto statističari ne mjere to?
05:18
Why are we not thinking of the progress of nations in these terms,
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Zašto ne razmišljamo o napretku naciju u tom smislu,
05:21
instead of just how much stuff we have?
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umjesto samo koliko stvari imamo?
05:24
And really, this is what I've done with my adult life --
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I stvarno, to je ono čemu sam posvetio svoj život --
05:27
is think about how do we measure happiness,
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razmišljanju kako možemo mjeriti sreću,
05:29
how do we measure well-being,
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kako mjerimo blagostanje,
05:31
how can we do that within environmental limits.
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kako možemo napraviti to unutar ograničenja okoliša.
05:33
And we created, at the organization that I work for,
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I stvorili smo, u organizaciji za koju radim,
05:35
the New Economics Foundation,
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New Economics fondaciji,
05:37
something we call the Happy Planet Index,
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nešto što nazivamo Indeks sretnog planeta.
05:40
because we think people should be happy and the planet should be happy.
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jer mislimo kako bi ljudi trebali biti sretni i kako bi planet trebao biti sretan.
05:43
Why don't we create a measure of progress that shows that?
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Zašto ne kreiramo mjeru napretka koja će to pokazati?
05:46
And what we do,
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I ono što smo napravili,
05:48
is we say that the ultimate outcome of a nation
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jest da tvrdimo kako je krajnji ishod nacije
05:50
is how successful is it
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to koliko je uspješna
05:52
at creating happy and healthy lives for its citizens.
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u kreiranju sretnih i zdravih života za svoje građane.
05:55
That should be the goal
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To bi trebao biti cilj
05:57
of every nation on the planet.
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svake nacije na Planetu.
05:59
But we have to remember
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Ali se moramo sjetiti
06:01
that there's a fundamental input to that,
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kako postoji bazični input za to,
06:04
and that is how many of the planet's resources we use.
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a to je koliko resursa planeta upotrijebimo.
06:07
We all have one planet. We all have to share it.
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Svi mi imamo jedan Planet. Svi ga moramo dijeliti.
06:10
It is the ultimate scarce resource,
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To je krajnje oskudni resurs,
06:13
the one planet that we share.
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jedan Planet kojeg dijelimo.
06:16
And economics is very interested in scarcity.
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A ekonomija je jako zainteresirana za oskudnost.
06:19
When it has a scarce resource
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Kada ima oskudan resurs
06:21
that it wants to turn into
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koji želi pretvoriti
06:23
a desirable outcome,
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u poželjan ishod,
06:25
it thinks in terms of efficiency.
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ona razmišlja u smislu efikasnosti.
06:28
It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck.
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Ona razmišlja u smislu koliko dobijemo za ono što platimo.
06:31
And this is a measure of how much well-being
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A to je mjera koliko blagostanja
06:33
we get for our planetary resource use.
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dobijemo za korištenje planetarnih resursa.
06:36
It is an efficiency measure.
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To je efikasna mjera.
06:38
And probably the easiest way to show you that,
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I vjerojatno najjednostavniji način za pokazati kako,
06:41
is to show you this graph.
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jest pokazati vam ovaj graf.
06:43
Running horizontally along the graph,
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Horizontalno preko cijelog grafa se proteže,
06:46
is "ecological footprint,"
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"ekološki otisak",
06:48
which is a measure of how much resources we use
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koji je mjera koliko resursa mi upotrijebimo
06:51
and how much pressure we put on the planet.
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i koji pritisak stavljamo na Planet.
06:53
More is bad.
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Više je lošije.
06:55
Running vertically upwards,
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Vertikalno prema gore se proteže,
06:57
is a measure called "happy life years."
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mjera koju nazivamo "godine sretnog života".
06:59
It's about the well-being of nations.
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Radi se o blagostanju nacija.
07:01
It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy.
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To je poput očekivanog vijeka trajanja sreće.
07:04
It's like quality and quantity of life in nations.
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To je poput kvalitete i kvantitete života u naciji.
07:07
And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average.
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A žuta točka koju vidite, je globalni prosjek.
07:10
Now, there's a huge array of nations
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Sada, postoji ogromno mnoštvo nacija
07:12
around that global average.
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oko globalnog prosjeka.
07:14
To the top right of the graph,
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Gore desno na grafu,
07:17
are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being,
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su zemlje koje su razumno dobre i proizvode blagostanje,
07:20
but they're using a lot of planet to get there.
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ali one koriste jako puno Planeta da bi bile tu.
07:22
They are the U.S.A.,
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To su SAD,
07:24
other Western countries going across in those triangles
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druge zapadne zemlje koje prelaze ove trokute
07:27
and a few Gulf states in there actually.
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i nekoliko zemalja Zaljeva.
07:29
Conversely, at the bottom left of the graph,
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Suprotno tome, prema dnu lijevo na grafu,
07:32
are countries that are not producing much well-being --
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su zemlje koje ne proizvode puno blagostanja --
07:35
typically, sub-Saharan Africa.
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tipično, Subsaharska Afrika.
07:38
In Hobbesian terms,
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Prema Hobbesianovim uvjetima,
07:40
life is short and brutish there.
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život je kratak i težak.
07:42
The average life expectancy in many of these countries
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Prosječno očekivano trajanje u mnogim od tih zemalja
07:45
is only 40 years.
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je samo 40 godina.
07:48
Malaria, HIV/AIDS
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Malarija, SIDA,
07:50
are killing a lot of people
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ubijaju mnogo ljudi,
07:52
in these regions of the world.
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u tim područjima svijeta.
07:54
But now for the good news!
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Ali sada dobre vijesti!
07:56
There are some countries up there, yellow triangles,
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Postoje neke zemlje tu gore, žuti trokuti,
07:58
that are doing better than global average,
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koje su bolje od globalnog prosjeka,
08:00
that are heading up towards the top left of the graph.
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koji idu prema gornjoj lijevoj strani grafa.
08:02
This is an aspirational graph.
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To je aspiracijski graf.
08:04
We want to be top left, where good lives don't cost the earth.
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Mi želimo biti gore lijevo, gdje dobar život ne košta zemlju.
08:07
They're Latin American.
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To je Latinska Amerika.
08:09
The country on its own up at the top
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Zemlja koja je sama na vrhu
08:11
is a place I haven't been to.
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je mjesto u kojem još nisam bio.
08:13
Maybe some of you have.
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Možda su neki od vas bili.
08:15
Costa Rica.
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Kostarika.
08:19
Costa Rica --
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Kostarika --
08:21
average life expectancy is 78-and-a-half years.
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prosječna životna dob 78.5 godina.
08:24
That is longer than in the USA.
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To je duže nego u SAD-u.
08:28
They are, according to the latest Gallup world poll,
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oni su, prema posljednjem Gallupovom globalnom istraživanju,
08:31
the happiest nation on the planet --
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najsretnija nacija na svijetu --
08:34
than anybody; more than Switzerland and Denmark.
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više od bilo koga; više od Švicarske i Danske.
08:37
They are the happiest place.
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Oni su najsretnije mjesto.
08:39
They are doing that
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Oni to rade
08:41
on a quarter of the resources
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na četvrtini resursa
08:43
that are used typically in [the] Western world --
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koje koristi tipično zapadni svijet --
08:46
a quarter of the resources.
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četvrtini resursa.
08:49
What's going on there?
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Što se tamo događa?
08:52
What's happening in Costa Rica?
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Što se događa u Kostarici?
08:54
We can look at some of the data.
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Možemo pogledati na neke podatke.
08:56
99 percent of their electricity comes from renewable resources.
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99% njihove električne energije dolazi iz obnovljivih izvora.
08:59
Their government is one of the first to commit
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Njihova vlada je jedna od prvih koja se predala
09:01
to be carbon neutral by 2021.
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cilju da bude ugljik neutralna do 2021.
09:04
They abolished the army
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Raspustili su vojsku
09:07
in 1949 --
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1949. --
09:09
1949.
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1949.
09:11
And they invested in social programs --
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Investirali su u socijalne programe --
09:13
health and education.
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zdravstvo i edukaciju.
09:15
They have one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America
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Imaju jedno od najvećih stopa pismenosti u Latinskoj Americi
09:18
and in the world.
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i u svijetu.
09:20
And they have that Latin vibe, don't they.
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A oni imaju latinsku vibru, zar ne?
09:22
They have the social connectedness.
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Oni imaju društvenu poTEDvezanost.
09:24
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:26
The challenge is, that possibly -- and the thing we might have to think about --
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Izazov je, kako je moguće -- i to je stvar o kojoj bi mogli razmisliti --
09:29
is that the future
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da budućnost
09:31
might not be North American,
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možda neće biti sjevernoamerička,
09:33
might not be Western European.
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možda neće biti ni zapadnoeuropska.
09:35
It might be Latin American.
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Možda će biti latinskoamerička.
09:38
And the challenge, really,
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I izazov, stvarno,
09:40
is to pull the global average up here.
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je povući globalni prosjek ovdje gore.
09:43
That's what we need to do.
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Kako je to ono što moramo napraviti.
09:45
And if we're going to do that,
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I ako ćemo to napraviti,
09:47
we need to pull countries from the bottom,
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moramo povući zemlje s dna,
09:50
and we need to pull countries from the right of the graph.
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i moramo povući zemlje s desne strane grafa.
09:53
And then we're starting to create a happy planet.
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I onda smo započeli stvarati sretan Planet.
09:56
That's one way of looking at it.
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To je jedan način kako gledati na to.
09:58
Another way of looking at it is looking at time trends.
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Drugi način jest promatrati vremenske trendove.
10:00
We don't have good data going back for every country in the world,
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Mi nemamo dobre podatke unazad za svaku zemlju na svijetu,
10:03
but for some of the richest countries, the OECD group, we do.
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ali za neke od najbogatijih zemalja, OECD grupa, za njih imamo.
10:06
And this is the trend in well-being over that time,
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I ovo je trend blagostanja kroz vrijeme,
10:09
a small increase,
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maleno povećanje,
10:11
but this is the trend in ecological footprint.
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ali ovo je trend u ekološkom otisku.
10:13
And so in strict happy-planet methodology,
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I tako u striktnoj sretni-planet metodologiji,
10:16
we've become less efficient
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postali smo manje efikasni
10:18
at turning our ultimate scarce resource
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u pretvaranju naših krajnje oskudnih resursa
10:20
into the outcome we want to.
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u ishode koje želimo.
10:23
And the point really is, is that I think,
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A poanta je, kako ja mislim,
10:26
probably everybody in this room
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vjerojatno svi u ovoj sobi
10:28
would like society to get to 2050
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bi željeli da društvo dođe do 2050.
10:30
without an apocalyptic
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bez da se apokalipsa
10:33
something happening.
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dogodi.
10:35
It's actually not very long away.
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To u stvari nije tako jako daleko.
10:37
It's half a human lifetime away.
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To je udaljeno pola životnog vijeka.
10:39
A child entering school today
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Dijete koje kreće sa školom danas
10:41
will be my age in 2050.
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biti će mojih godina do 2050.
10:43
This is not the very distant future.
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To nije jako daleka budućnost.
10:46
This is what the U.K. government target
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To je ono kako britanska vlada želi
10:49
on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like.
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da emisija ugljičnih i stakleničkih plinova izgleda.
10:53
And I put it to you, that is not business as usual.
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I naglasiti ću, kako to nije uobičajena poslovna praksa.
10:56
That is changing our business.
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To mijenja naš posao.
10:58
That is changing the way we create our organizations,
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To mijenja način na koji stvaramo organizacije,
11:01
we do our government policy and we live our lives.
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stvaramo javne politike i živimo naše živote.
11:04
And the point is,
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A poanta je,
11:06
we need to carry on increasing well-being.
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da moramo nastaviti povećavati blagostanje.
11:08
No one can go to the polls
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Nitko ne može ići na izbore
11:10
and say that quality of life is going to reduce.
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i reći kako će se kvaliteta života smanjiti.
11:13
None of us, I think,
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Nitko od nas, mislim,
11:15
want human progress to stop.
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ne želi da se ljudski napredak zaustavi.
11:17
I think we want it to carry on.
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Mislim kako želimo da se nastavi.
11:19
I think we want the lot of humanity to keep on increasing.
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Mislim kako želimo da se humanost nastavi povećavati.
11:21
And I think this is where climate change skeptics and deniers come in.
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I mislim kako je ovo pozicija u kojoj skeptici i poricatelji klimatskih promjena dolaze.
11:24
I think this is what they want. They want quality of life to keep increasing.
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Mislim kako je to ono što žele. Oni žele da se kvaliteta života poboljšava.
11:27
They want to hold on to what they've got.
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Oni se žele držati onoga što imaju.
11:30
And if we're going to engage them,
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I ako ih želimo uključiti,
11:32
I think that's what we've got to do.
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mislim kako je to ono što trebamo napraviti.
11:34
And that means we have to really increase efficiency even more.
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I to znači kako još više moramo povećati efikasnost.
11:37
Now that's all very easy to draw graphs and things like that,
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Sve je to jako jednostavno prikazati na grafu i slično,
11:40
but the point is we need to turn those curves.
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ali poanta je da moramo okrenuti te krivulje.
11:43
And this is where I think we can take a leaf
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I to je mjesto gdje možemo okrenuti novu stranicu
11:45
out of systems theory, systems engineers,
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van teorije sustava, sistemskih inženjera,
11:48
where they create feedback loops,
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gdje oni kreiraju petlje povratnih informacija,
11:50
put the right information at the right point of time.
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dajući pravu informaciju u pravo vrijeme.
11:53
Human beings are very motivated by the "now."
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Ljudska bića su jako motivirana sa "sada".
11:56
You put a smart meter in your home,
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Stavite pametni metar u svoj dom,
11:58
and you see how much electricity you're using right now,
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i vidite koliko struje upravo sada trošite,
12:00
how much it's costing you,
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koliko vas to košta,
12:02
your kids go around and turn the lights off pretty quickly.
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tako da vaša djeca mogu otići okolo i pogasiti svjetla prilično brzo.
12:05
What would that look like for society?
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Kako će to izgledati za društvo?
12:08
Why is it, on the radio news every evening,
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Zašto je to, na radijskim vijestima svaki dan,
12:10
I hear the FTSE 100, the Dow Jones, the dollar pound ratio --
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čujem FTSE 100, Dow Jones, omjer dolara i funte --
12:13
I don't even know which way the dollar pound ratio should go to be good news.
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ni sam ne znam po kojem kriteriju je omjer dolara i funte dobra vijest.
12:16
And why do I hear that?
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I zašto sve to čujem?
12:18
Why don't I hear how much energy Britain used yesterday,
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Zašto ne čujem koliko je energije Britanija jučer potrošila,
12:21
or American used yesterday?
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ili Amerika?
12:23
Did we meet our three percent annual target
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Jesmo li unutar našeg godišnjeg cilja od 3%
12:25
on reducing carbon emissions?
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smanjenja emisije ugljičnog dioksida?
12:27
That's how you create a collective goal.
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Tako se stvaraju zajednički ciljevi.
12:29
You put it out there into the media and start thinking about it.
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Staviš to u medije i počneš o tome razmišljati.
12:32
And we need positive feedback loops
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A nama trebaju petlje pozitivnih povratnih informacija
12:35
for increasing well-being
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kako bi povećali blagostanje.
12:37
At a government level, they might create national accounts of well-being.
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Na razini vlasti, one bi mogle stvoriti nacionalne račune za blagostanje.
12:40
At a business level, you might look at the well-being of your employees,
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Na poslovnoj razini, možete gledati na blagostanje svojih zaposlenika,
12:43
which we know is really linked to creativity,
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za koje znamo da je povezano s kreativnosti,
12:45
which is linked to innovation,
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koja je povezana s inovacijama,
12:47
and we're going to need a lot of innovation to deal with those environmental issues.
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a trebati će nam puno inovacija kako bismo mogli riješiti probleme okoliša.
12:50
At a personal level, we need these nudges too.
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Na osobnoj razini, trebaju nam također ta gurkanja.
12:54
Maybe we don't quite need the data, but we need reminders.
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Možda nam i ne trebaju podaci, ali nam trebaju podsjetnici.
12:57
In the U.K., we have a strong public health message
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U Velikoj Britaniji imamo jaku poruku javnog zdravstva
13:00
on five fruit and vegetables a day
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o nužnosti konzumacije pet puta dnevno voća i povrća,
13:02
and how much exercise we should do -- never my best thing.
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i koliko nam je vježbanja potrebno -- nikada nisam bio dobar u tome.
13:05
What are these for happiness?
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Na koji način je ovo povezano sa srećom?
13:08
What are the five things that you should do every day
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Kojih pet stvari bismo trebali napraviti svaki dan
13:10
to be happier?
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kako bismo bili sretniji?
13:12
We did a project for the Government Office of Science a couple of years ago,
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Napravili smo projekt za Vladin ured za znanost prije nekoliko godina,
13:15
a big program called the Foresight program --
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veliki program koji smo nazvali "Dalekovidni program" --
13:18
lots and lots of people -- involved lots of experts --
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puno, puno ljudi -- uključivao je puno stručnjaka --
13:20
everything evidence based -- a huge tome.
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sve je bilo bazirano na dokazima -- ogromni tomovi su isproducirani.
13:23
But a piece of work we did was on: what five positive actions can you do
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Ali dio posla koji smo napravili bio je o pet aktivnosti koje morate napraviti
13:26
to improve well-being in your life?
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kako biste poboljšali svoje životno blagostanje?
13:28
And the point of these is
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A poanta toga je
13:30
they are, not quite, the secrets of happiness,
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da su to, ne sasvim tajne sreće,
13:32
but they are things that I think happiness will flow out the side from.
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ali su to stvari iz kojih će krenuti sreća.
13:35
And the first of these is to connect,
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A prva od njih je da se povežete,
13:38
is that your social relationships
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jer su vaši društveni odnosi
13:40
are the most important cornerstones of your life.
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najvažnija potpora vašem životu.
13:43
Do you invest the time with your loved ones
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Investirate li vrijeme u svoje voljene,
13:45
that you could do, and energy?
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i energiju?
13:47
Keep building them.
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Nastavite ih graditi.
13:49
The second one is be active.
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Druga je, budite aktivni.
13:51
The fastest way out of a bad mood:
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Najbrži način za izaći iz lošeg raspoloženja:
13:54
step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance.
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jest da izađete vani, u šetnju, upalite radio i zaplešete.
13:57
Being active is great for our positive mood.
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Biti aktivan je jako dobro za dobro raspoloženje.
14:00
The third one is take notice.
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Treća stvar je da primjećujete.
14:03
How aware are you of things going on around the world,
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Koliko ste svjesni stvari koje se događaju u svijetu,
14:06
the seasons changing, people around you?
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promjena godišnjih doba, ljudi oko vas?
14:09
Do you notice what's bubbling up for you and trying to emerge?
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Primjećujete li što to raste za vas i pokušava se razviti?
14:12
Based on a lot of evidence for mindfulness,
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Bazirano na puno dokaza o pažljivosti,
14:14
cognitive behavioral therapy,
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kognitivna ponašajna terapija,
14:16
[very] strong for our well being.
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[jako] snažno utječe na naše blagostanje.
14:19
The fourth is keep learning
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Četvrto je, nastavite učiti
14:21
and keep is important --
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i neka vam to ostane važno --
14:23
learning throughout the whole life course.
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učiti kroz cijeli život.
14:25
Older people who keep learning and are curious,
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Stariji ljudi koji uče i koji su znatiželjni,
14:28
they have much better health outcomes than those who start to close down.
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imaju puno bolje zdravlje od onih koji se počnu zatvarati.
14:31
But it doesn't have to be formal learning; it's not knowledge based.
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Ali to ne treba biti formalno učenje; nije bazirano na znanju.
14:33
It's more curiosity.
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Više se radi o znatiželji.
14:35
It can be learning to cook a new dish,
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Može biti da naučite kuhati novo jelo,
14:38
picking up an instrument you forgot as a child.
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uzmete instrument koji ste zaboravili kao dijete.
14:40
Keep learning.
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Nastavite učiti.
14:42
And the final one
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I zadnje,
14:44
is that most anti-economic of activities,
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najviše anti-ekonomska od svih aktivnosti,
14:46
but give.
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jest davati.
14:48
Our generosity, our altruism,
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Našu velikodušnost, naš altruizam,
14:50
our compassion,
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našu suosjećajnost,
14:52
are all hardwired
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sve je to povezano
14:54
to the reward mechanism in our brain.
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sa sustavom nagrada u našem mozgu.
14:56
We feel good if we give.
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Osjećamo se dobro ako dajemo.
14:58
You can do an experiment where you give
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Možete napraviti eksperiment gdje dajete
15:00
two groups of people a hundred dollars in the morning.
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dvijema grupama ljudi 100 dolara ujutro.
15:03
You tell one of them to spend it on themselves
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Recite jednoj da ih potroši na sebe
15:06
and one on other people.
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a drugoj da ih potroši na druge ljude.
15:08
You measure their happiness at the end of the day,
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Mjerite njihovu sreću na kraju dana,
15:10
those that have gone and spent on other people are much happier
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oni koji su otišli i potrošili to na druge ljude su bitno sretniji
15:12
that those that spent it on themselves.
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od onih koji su potrošili na sebe.
15:15
And these five ways,
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I tih pet načina,
15:17
which we put onto these handy postcards,
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koje smo stavili na ove zgodne razglednice,
15:20
I would say, don't have to cost the earth.
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rekao bih, ne koštaju ništa zemlju.
15:23
They don't have any carbon content.
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Nemaju u sebi ugljični dioksid.
15:25
They don't need a lot of material goods to be satisfied.
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Ne trebaju puno materijalnih stvari kako bi se zadovoljili.
15:29
And so I think it's really quite feasible
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I vjerujem kako je prilično ostvarivo
15:31
that happiness does not cost the earth.
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da sreća ne košta ništa Zemlju.
15:33
Now, Martin Luther King,
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Sada, Martin Luther King,
15:35
on the eve of his death,
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u trenutku svoje smrti,
15:37
gave an incredible speech.
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imao je nevjerojatan govor.
15:39
He said, "I know there are challenges ahead,
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Rekao je, "Znam kako su izazovi ispred nas,
15:42
there may be trouble ahead,
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možda ćemo se susresti s nevoljama,
15:44
but I fear no one. I don't care.
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ali se nemojte nikoga bojati. Nije me briga.
15:46
I have been to the mountain top,
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Bio sam na vrhu planine,
15:49
and I have seen the Promised Land."
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i vidio sam obećanu zemlju."
15:51
Now, he was a preacher,
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On je bio propovjednik,
15:53
but I believe the environmental movement
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ali ja vjerujem kako pokret za zaštitu okoliša
15:55
and, in fact, the business community, government,
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i, u stvari, poslovna zajednica, vlada,
15:58
needs to go to the top of the mountain top,
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moraju otići na vrh planine,
16:01
and it needs to look out,
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i moraju pogledati,
16:03
and it needs to see the Promised Land,
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i moraju vidjeti obećanu zemlju,
16:05
or the land of promise,
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ili zemlju koja obećaje,
16:07
and it needs to have a vision
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i moraju imati viziju
16:09
of a world that we all want.
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svijeta kojeg svi želimo.
16:12
And not only that, we need to create a Great Transition
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I ne samo to, moramo stvoriti veliku tenziju
16:14
to get there,
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za otići tamo,
16:16
and we need to pave that great transition with good things.
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i moramo popločiti veliku tranziciju s velikim stvarima.
16:19
Human beings want to be happy.
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Ljudi žele biti sretni.
16:22
Pave them with the five ways.
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Popločite ih s pet načina.
16:24
And we need to have signposts
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I moramo imati znakove
16:26
gathering people together and pointing them --
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koji će okupljati ljude i pokazivati im --
16:28
something like the Happy Planet Index.
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nešto poput Indeksa sretnog planeta.
16:30
And then I believe
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I onda vjerujem
16:32
that we can all create a world we all want,
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da možemo stvoriti svijet koji svi želimo,
16:34
where happiness does not cost the earth.
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gdje sreća ne treba koštati Zemlju.
16:37
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nic Marks - Happiness researcherNic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF).
Why you should listen
Nic Marks thinks quality of life is measurable, and that true contentment comes not from the accumulation of material wealth but from our connections with others, engagement with the world, and a sense of autonomy. This isn't just theory: a pioneer in the field of well-being research, Marks creates statistical methods to measure happiness, analyzing and interpreting the evidence so that it can be applied to such policy fields as education, sustainable development, healthcare, and economics.
The founder of the Centre for Well-Being, an independent think tank at the New Economics Foundation (NEF), in London, Marks is particularly keen to promote a balance between sustainable development and quality of life. To investigate this, he devised the Happy Planet Index, a global index of human well-being and environmental impact. The results made headlines: People in the world's wealthiest countries, who consume the most of the planet's resources, don't come out on top in terms of well-being. Which raises the question: What purpose does unfettered economic growth serve?
To measure (and possibly improve) your own, or your organization's, happiness and well-being, visit two useful sites: 5 ways to Well-being and Happiness Works.
Read the TED Book: The Happiness Manifesto >>
Nic Marks | Speaker | TED.com