TEDGlobal 2010
Nic Marks: The Happy Planet Index
Nic Marks: Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi
Filmed:
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Istatistikci Nic Marks, neden bir milletin basarisini insanlarinin mutlulugu ve refahi yerine verimlilik ile olctugumuzu soruyor. Ulusal refahi, kullanilan kaynaklarla aciklamak icin de Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi'ni ortaya atiyor (cunku mutlu hayat mutlaka dunyaya bir seylere mal olmak zorunda degildir). Hangi ulkeler MGE'de en yuksek sirayi aliyorlar? Sonuclara sasirabilirsiniz.
Nic Marks - Happiness researcher
Nic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF). Full bio
Nic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Martin Luther King
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Martin Luther King
00:19
did not say,
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sivil haklar hareketine
00:21
"I have a nightmare,"
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ilham oldugunda,
00:23
when he inspired the civil rights movements.
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'Bir kabusum var' dememisti.
00:26
He said, "I have a dream."
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'Bir hayalim var' demisti.
00:29
And I have a dream.
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Benim de bir hayalim var.
00:31
I have a dream that we can stop thinking
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Gelecegin bir kabus olacagini
00:33
that the future will be a nightmare,
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dusunmeyi birakabilecegimize dair bir hayalim var.
00:36
and this is going to be a challenge,
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Bu zor olacak
00:38
because, if you think
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cunku son zamanlardaki kiyamet fimlerinin
00:40
of every major blockbusting film of recent times,
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en onemlilerini goz onune alirsaniz,
00:44
nearly all of its visions for humanity
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cogunlugu insanligin gelecegini
00:47
are apocalyptic.
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felaket olarak gosteriyor.
00:49
I think this film
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Bence bu film, 'The Road'
00:51
is one of the hardest watches of modern times, "The Road."
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son zamanlarin izlemesi en zor filmlerinden biri.
00:54
It's a beautiful piece of filmmaking,
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Cok guzel bir film
00:56
but everything is desolate,
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ama her sey issiz,
00:58
everything is dead.
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her sey olu.
01:01
And just a father and son
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Sadece hayatta kalmaya calisan,
01:03
trying to survive, walking along the road.
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bu yolda yuruyen bir baba ve ogul.
01:06
And I think the environmental movement
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Benim de parcasi oldugum
01:08
of which I am a part of
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cevre hareketi,
01:10
has been complicit
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gelecege dair bu hayalin
01:12
in creating this vision of the future.
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ortaya cikmasina suc ortakligi etmistir.
01:14
For too long,
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Cok uzun suredir,
01:16
we have peddled a nightmarish vision
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neler olacagina dair kabus gibi
01:18
of what's going to happen.
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bir gelecek hayali satiyoruz.
01:20
We have focused on the worst-case scenario.
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En kotu senaryoya odaklandik.
01:23
We have focused on the problems.
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Sorunlara odaklandik.
01:25
And we have not thought enough
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Ama cozumleri
01:27
about the solutions.
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yeterince dusunmedik.
01:29
We've used fear, if you like,
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Soyle diyebiliriz,
01:31
to grab people's attention.
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insanlarin dikkatini cekmek icin korkuyu kullandik.
01:34
And any psychologist will tell you
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Her hangi bir psikologun da soyleyecegi gibi,
01:37
that fear in the organism
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organizmanin korku hissi
01:39
is linked to flight mechanism.
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kacis mekanizmasina baglidir.
01:41
It's part of the fight and flight mechanism,
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Bir hayvan korktugunda ortaya cikan
01:44
that when an animal is frightened --
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-bir geyigi dusunun-
01:46
think of a deer.
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savas ve kacma mekanizmasinin parcasidir.
01:48
A deer freezes very, very still,
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Bir geyik kacmaya hazirken
01:51
poised to run away.
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cok, cok hareketsiz bir sekilde donar.
01:53
And I think that's what we're doing
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Bence insanlardan bizim cevresel bozulma
01:55
when we're asking people to engage with our agenda
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ve iklim degisikligi gundemimize destek vermelerini
01:58
around environmental degradation and climate change.
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istedigimizde de tam olarak bunu yapiyoruz.
02:01
People are freezing and running away
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Korkuyu kullandigimiz icin,
02:04
because we're using fear.
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insanlar donuyor ve kaciyorlar.
02:06
And I think the environmental movement has to grow up
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Bence cevre hareketinin buyumesi ve
02:09
and start to think about
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ilerlemenin ne demek olduguna dair
02:11
what progress is.
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dusunmeye baslamasi gerekiyor.
02:13
What would it be like to be improving the human lot?
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Insan toplulugunu gelistirmek neye benzerdi?
02:16
And one of the problems that we face, I think,
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Bence karsilastigimiz problemlerden biri,
02:18
is that the only people that have cornered the market
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piyasada hakimiyet kurmus kisilerin
02:21
in terms of progress
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ilerlemenin ne olduguna dair
02:23
is a financial definition of what progress is,
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bir finansal tanimlama yapiyor olmalari.
02:26
an economic definition of what progress is --
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Ilerlemeyi ekonomiye bagliyorlar.
02:29
that somehow,
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Bir sekilde
02:31
if we get the right numbers to go up,
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eger dogru rakamlar yukari yonlu olursa,
02:33
we're going to be better off,
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ister hisse senedi piyasasinda
02:36
whether that's on the stock market,
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ister GSYIH;da
02:38
whether that's with GDP
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veya ekonomik buyume alaninda
02:40
and economic growth,
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daha iyiye gidecegimize,
02:42
that somehow life is going to get better.
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hayatin bir sekilde daha iyi olacagina dair yorumlar yapiyorlar.
02:44
This is somehow appealing to human greed
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Daha fazlanin daha iyi oldugu
02:47
instead of fear --
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insanlardaki korku yerine
02:49
that more is better.
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acgozluluge cekici geliyor.
02:51
Come on. In the Western world, we have enough.
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Hadi ama! Bati dunyasinda, her seye yeterince sahibiz.
02:54
Maybe some parts of the world don't, but we have enough.
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Belki dunyanin bazi kisimlari degil ama, biz yeterli seye sahibiz.
02:57
And we've know for a long time that this is not a good measure
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Uzun zamandir biliyoruz ki bu,
03:00
of the welfare of nations.
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uluslarin refahinin iyi bir olcusu degil.
03:02
In fact, the architect of our national accounting system,
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Aslinda, ulusal muhasebe sistemimizin mimari olan
03:05
Simon Kuznets, in the 1930s,
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Simon Kuznets 1930'larda soyle demistir:
03:08
said that, "A nation's welfare
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"Bir ulkenin refahi,
03:10
can scarcely be inferred from their national income."
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ulusal gelirlerinden cikarilamaz."
03:13
But we've created a national accounting system
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Ancak biz uretime ve
03:15
which is firmly based on production
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mal uretmeye siki siki dayanan
03:17
and producing stuff.
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bir ulusal muhasebe sistemi yarattik.
03:19
And indeed, this is probably historical, and it had its time.
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Gercekten de, bu muhtemelen tarihi bir sey ve zamanini doldurdu.
03:22
In the second World War, we needed to produce a lot of stuff.
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Ikinci Dunya Savasi'nda, bir cok sey uretmemiz gerekti.
03:25
And indeed, we were so successful at producing certain types of stuff
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Gercekten de belli tur mallarin uretiminde o kadar basariliydik ki,
03:28
that we destroyed a lot of Europe, and we had to rebuild it afterwards.
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Avrupa'nin buyuk kismini harap ettik ve sonrasinda da yeniden insa etmek zorunda kaldik.
03:31
And so our national accounting system
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Dolayisiyla ulusal muhasebe sistemimiz
03:33
became fixated on what we can produce.
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uretebildiklerimize bagli hale geldi.
03:36
But as early as 1968,
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Ancak 1968 ile birlikte,
03:39
this visionary man, Robert Kennedy,
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Robert Kennedy isimli hayalci adam
03:42
at the start of his ill-fated presidential campaign,
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sonu kotu olacak baskanlik kampanyasinin basinda,
03:45
gave the most eloquent deconstruction
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simdiye dek gayrisafi milli hasilaya yonelik
03:48
of gross national product
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yapilmis en akici
03:50
that ever has been.
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elestiriyi getirdi.
03:52
And he finished his talk with the phrase,
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Konusmasini ise soyle bitirdi:
03:55
that, "The gross national product
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"Gayrisafi milli hasila
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measures everything except that
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yasami degerli kilanlar
04:00
which makes life worthwhile."
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disindaki her seyi olcer."
04:02
How crazy is that? That our measure of progress,
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Bu ne kadar cilginca? Bizim gelisme olcumuz,
04:05
our dominant measure of progress in society,
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toplumdaki ilerlemenin en baskin olcutu
04:08
is measuring everything
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sadece, yasami degerli kilanlar disinda
04:10
except that which makes life worthwhile?
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kalanlari mi olcuyor?
04:13
I believe, if Kennedy was alive today,
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Inaniyorum ki, eger Kennedy bugun yasiyor olsaydi,
04:16
he would be asking statisticians such as myself
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benim gibi istatikcilerden
04:19
to go out and find out
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disari cikip yasami neyin degerli kildigini
04:21
what makes life worthwhile.
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bulmamizi isterdi.
04:23
He'd be asking us to redesign
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Bizden, ulusal muhasebe sistemizi
04:25
our national accounting system
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sosyal adalet,
04:27
to be based upon
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surdurulebilirlik
04:29
such important things as social justice,
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ve insanlarin refahi gibi daha onemli
04:32
sustainability
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kavramlara dayanarak
04:34
and people's well-being.
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yeniden sekillendirmemizi isterdi.
04:36
And actually, social scientists have already gone out
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Aslinda sosyal bilimciler coktan disari ciktilar ve
04:38
and asked these questions around the world.
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bu sorulari dunyanin her yerinde sordular.
04:40
This is from a global survey.
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Bunlar kuresel captaki bir anketten.
04:42
It's asking people, what do they want.
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Insanlara, ne istediklerini soruyor.
04:45
And unsurprisingly, people all around the world
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Beklendigi uzere, dunyanin her yanindaki insanlar
04:48
say that what they want
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istedikleri seyin kendileri,
04:50
is happiness, for themselves,
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aileleri, cocuklari
04:52
for their families, their children,
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bagli olduklari topluluklari icin
04:54
their communities.
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mutluluk oldugunu soyluyor.
04:56
Okay, they think money is slightly important.
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Tamam, paranin da onemli oldugunu dusunuyorlar.
04:58
It's there, but it's not nearly as important as happiness,
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Para orada ama mutluluk kadar onemli degil,
05:01
and it's not nearly as important as love.
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sevgi kadar da onemli degil.
05:04
We all need to love and be loved in life.
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Hepimizin su hayatta sevmeye ve sevilmeye ihtiyacimiz var.
05:07
It's not nearly as important as health.
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Para, saglik kadar da onemli degil.
05:09
We want to be healthy and live a full life.
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Saglikli olmak ve dolu dolu bir hayat yasamak istiyoruz.
05:12
These seem to be natural human aspirations.
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Bunlar dogal, insani ozlemler gibi gorunuyor.
05:15
Why are statisticians not measuring these?
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Istatistikciler neden bunlari olcmuyor?
05:18
Why are we not thinking of the progress of nations in these terms,
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Uluslarin gelisimi dedigimizde neden biraz onceki kavramlar yerine,
05:21
instead of just how much stuff we have?
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ne kadar mala sahip oldugumuzu dusunuyoruz?
05:24
And really, this is what I've done with my adult life --
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Gercekten de, bu benim yetiskinligim boyunca yaptigim sey -
05:27
is think about how do we measure happiness,
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mutlulugu nasil olceriz,
05:29
how do we measure well-being,
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refahi nasil olceriz,
05:31
how can we do that within environmental limits.
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bunlari cevresel limitler icerisinde nasil yapariz?
05:33
And we created, at the organization that I work for,
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Benim calistigim New Economics Foundation (Yeni Ekonomi Vakfi)
05:35
the New Economics Foundation,
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adli kurumda, Happy Planey Index (Mutlu Gezegen Endeksi)
05:37
something we call the Happy Planet Index,
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dedigimiz bir sey yarattik;
05:40
because we think people should be happy and the planet should be happy.
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cunku insanlar ve gezegenin mutlu olmasi gerektigini dusunuyoruz.
05:43
Why don't we create a measure of progress that shows that?
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Neden bunu gosteren bir gelismislik olcutu yaratmiyoruz?
05:46
And what we do,
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Yaptigimiz sey,
05:48
is we say that the ultimate outcome of a nation
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soyledigimiz sey, bir ulusun basarisi
05:50
is how successful is it
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en nihayetinde vatandaslari icin
05:52
at creating happy and healthy lives for its citizens.
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mutlu ve saglikli yasamlar uretmekte ne kadar basarili oldugu ile ilgilidir.
05:55
That should be the goal
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Dunya uzerindeki her ulusun
05:57
of every nation on the planet.
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hedefi bu olmalidir.
05:59
But we have to remember
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Ancak bu konuda onemli bir
06:01
that there's a fundamental input to that,
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girdi var ki
06:04
and that is how many of the planet's resources we use.
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bu da dunya kaynaklarinin ne kadarini kullandigimizdir.
06:07
We all have one planet. We all have to share it.
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Sadece bir gezegenimiz var. Hepimiz onu paylasmak zorundayiz.
06:10
It is the ultimate scarce resource,
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Nihai kit kaynak,
06:13
the one planet that we share.
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paylastigimiz bu gezegendir.
06:16
And economics is very interested in scarcity.
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Ekonomi bilimi, kit kaynaklar konusuyla yakindan ilgilidir.
06:19
When it has a scarce resource
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Arzu edilen bir ciktiya
06:21
that it wants to turn into
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donusturulmek istenen
06:23
a desirable outcome,
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kit bir kaynak oldugunda,
06:25
it thinks in terms of efficiency.
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verimlilik kavramiyla dusunur.
06:28
It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck.
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Paramizin karsiligini ne kadar aldigimizi dusunur.
06:31
And this is a measure of how much well-being
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MPE, gezegensel kaynak kullanimimiza karsin
06:33
we get for our planetary resource use.
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ne kadar refah elde ettigimize dair bir olcuttur.
06:36
It is an efficiency measure.
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Bu bir verimlilik olcutudur.
06:38
And probably the easiest way to show you that,
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Bunu size gostermenin muhtemelen en kolay yolu,
06:41
is to show you this graph.
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sizlere bu grafigi gostermek olabilir.
06:43
Running horizontally along the graph,
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Grafigin yatay ekseninde
06:46
is "ecological footprint,"
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"ekolojik iz" var.
06:48
which is a measure of how much resources we use
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Bu, ne kadar kaynak kullandigimizi
06:51
and how much pressure we put on the planet.
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ve dunyaya ne kadar baski yaptigimizi gosteriyor.
06:53
More is bad.
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Bunun artmasi, kotuye isaret ediyor.
06:55
Running vertically upwards,
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Dikey eksende ise
06:57
is a measure called "happy life years."
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"mutlu yasam yillari" adli bir olcut var.
06:59
It's about the well-being of nations.
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Uluslarin refahiyla ilgili.
07:01
It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy.
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Mutluluga gore ayarlanmis beklenen yasam suresi gibi dusunulebilir.
07:04
It's like quality and quantity of life in nations.
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Uluslardaki yasamlarin nitelik ve niceligi gibi.
07:07
And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average.
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Orada gordugunuz sari nokta ise, kuresel ortalama.
07:10
Now, there's a huge array of nations
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Simdi, bu kuresel ortalamanin cevresinde
07:12
around that global average.
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buyuk bir uluslar dizisi var.
07:14
To the top right of the graph,
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Grafigin sag ust kosesine dogru olan ulkeler,
07:17
are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being,
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oldukca iyi giden ve refah ureten ulkeler
07:20
but they're using a lot of planet to get there.
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ama o noktaya varmak icin gezegenin kaynaklarini yogun sekilde kullaniyorlar.
07:22
They are the U.S.A.,
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O ucgenle gosterilenler
07:24
other Western countries going across in those triangles
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ABD ve diger Bati ulkeleri,
07:27
and a few Gulf states in there actually.
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aslinda bir kisim Korfez ulkeleri de burada yer aliyor.
07:29
Conversely, at the bottom left of the graph,
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Tam tersine, grafigin sol alt kosesinde ise
07:32
are countries that are not producing much well-being --
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cok fazla refah uretemeyen ulkeler var -
07:35
typically, sub-Saharan Africa.
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ornegin, Sahra colunun guneyindeki ulkeler.
07:38
In Hobbesian terms,
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Hobbes'in deyimiyle,
07:40
life is short and brutish there.
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oralarda yasam kisa ve insanliktan uzak.
07:42
The average life expectancy in many of these countries
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Bu ulkelerin cogunda
07:45
is only 40 years.
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ortalama yasam beklentisi, sadece 40 sene.
07:48
Malaria, HIV/AIDS
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Dunyanin bu kisminda
07:50
are killing a lot of people
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sitma ve AIDS
07:52
in these regions of the world.
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bir cok insani olduruyor.
07:54
But now for the good news!
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Simdi de iyi haberler!
07:56
There are some countries up there, yellow triangles,
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Yukaridaki bazi ulkeler, sari ucgenler,
07:58
that are doing better than global average,
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kuresel ortalamadan daha iyiler ve
08:00
that are heading up towards the top left of the graph.
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grafigin sol ust kosesine dogru gidiyorlar.
08:02
This is an aspirational graph.
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Bu, ozlemlerimizi dile getiren bir grafik.
08:04
We want to be top left, where good lives don't cost the earth.
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Sol ust kosede, iyi yasamlarin dunyaya pahaliya mal olmadigi yerde olmak istiyoruz.
08:07
They're Latin American.
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Bunlar Latin Amerika ulkeleri.
08:09
The country on its own up at the top
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Yukarida tek basina duran ulke
08:11
is a place I haven't been to.
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benim daha once hic gitmedigim bir yer.
08:13
Maybe some of you have.
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Belki bazilariniz orada bulunmustur.
08:15
Costa Rica.
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Kosta Rika.
08:19
Costa Rica --
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Kosta Rika -
08:21
average life expectancy is 78-and-a-half years.
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ortalama yasam beklentisi 78,5 sene.
08:24
That is longer than in the USA.
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Bu, ABD'dekinden bile daha uzun.
08:28
They are, according to the latest Gallup world poll,
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Gallup'un en son dunya anketine gore,
08:31
the happiest nation on the planet --
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dunyadaki en mutlu milletler -
08:34
than anybody; more than Switzerland and Denmark.
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Isvicre ve Danimarka'da yasayanlardan bile daha mutlular.
08:37
They are the happiest place.
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En mutlu yer.
08:39
They are doing that
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Bunu, Bati dunyasinda tipik olarak
08:41
on a quarter of the resources
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kullanilan kaynaklarin
08:43
that are used typically in [the] Western world --
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sadece dortte birini
08:46
a quarter of the resources.
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kullanarak yapiyorlar
08:49
What's going on there?
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Orada neler oluyor?
08:52
What's happening in Costa Rica?
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Kosta Rika'da neler oluyor?
08:54
We can look at some of the data.
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Dataya bakalim.
08:56
99 percent of their electricity comes from renewable resources.
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Elektriklerinin %99'u, yenilenebilir kaynaklardan geliyor.
08:59
Their government is one of the first to commit
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Hukumetleri 2021 yilinda karbon notr
09:01
to be carbon neutral by 2021.
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olmaya soz veren ilk hukumetlerden biri.
09:04
They abolished the army
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Ordularini, 1949'da
09:07
in 1949 --
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lagvettiler.
09:09
1949.
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1949!
09:11
And they invested in social programs --
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Sosyal programlara yatirim yaptilar -
09:13
health and education.
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sagik ve egitim gibi.
09:15
They have one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America
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Latin Amerika'daki ve dunyadaki en yuksek
09:18
and in the world.
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okur-yazarlik oranlarindan birine sahipler.
09:20
And they have that Latin vibe, don't they.
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Ayrica o Latin kanina sahipler, degil mi?
09:22
They have the social connectedness.
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Sosyal bagliliga sahipler.
09:24
(Laughter)
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(kahkahalar)
09:26
The challenge is, that possibly -- and the thing we might have to think about --
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Muhtemelen buradaki zorluk - dusunmeye baslamamiz gereken sey -
09:29
is that the future
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gelecegin
09:31
might not be North American,
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Kuzey Amerikali olmayabilecegi,
09:33
might not be Western European.
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Bati Avrupali olmayabilecegi.
09:35
It might be Latin American.
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Gelecek Latin Amerikali olabilir.
09:38
And the challenge, really,
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Gercekten de esas zorluk,
09:40
is to pull the global average up here.
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kuresel ortalamayi buraya tasiyabilmek.
09:43
That's what we need to do.
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Yapmamiz gereken sey bu.
09:45
And if we're going to do that,
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Eger bunu yapacaksak,
09:47
we need to pull countries from the bottom,
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asagidaki ulkeleri ve
09:50
and we need to pull countries from the right of the graph.
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grafigin sagindaki ulkeleri oradan cekmemiz gerekli.
09:53
And then we're starting to create a happy planet.
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Ancak bundan sonra, mutlu bir gezegen yaratmaya baslayabiliriz.
09:56
That's one way of looking at it.
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Duruma bakmanin bir yolu bu.
09:58
Another way of looking at it is looking at time trends.
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Diger yolu ise zaman trendlerine bakmak.
10:00
We don't have good data going back for every country in the world,
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Dunyadaki her ulke icin gecmise giden iyi verilerimiz yok,
10:03
but for some of the richest countries, the OECD group, we do.
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ama bazi en zengin ulkeler icin, OECD icin, bu verilere sahibiz.
10:06
And this is the trend in well-being over that time,
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Bu, zaman icerisindeki refahin trendi,
10:09
a small increase,
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kucuk bir artis,
10:11
but this is the trend in ecological footprint.
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ama bu da ekolojik izimizin trendi.
10:13
And so in strict happy-planet methodology,
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Boylece mutlu-gezegen metodolojisine gore,
10:16
we've become less efficient
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nihai kit kaynaklarimizi
10:18
at turning our ultimate scarce resource
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istedigimiz ciktiya donustururken
10:20
into the outcome we want to.
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daha az verimli hale gelmisiz.
10:23
And the point really is, is that I think,
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Asil nokta ise, bence asil nokta,
10:26
probably everybody in this room
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bu odadaki herkesin
10:28
would like society to get to 2050
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herhangi bir kiyamet habercisi
10:30
without an apocalyptic
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olay yasamadan
10:33
something happening.
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toplumun 2050 yilina varmasini istemeleri.
10:35
It's actually not very long away.
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Aslinda o kadar da uzak bir tarih degil.
10:37
It's half a human lifetime away.
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Sadece, insan omrunun yarisi kadar uzak.
10:39
A child entering school today
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Bugun okula baslayan bir cocuk,
10:41
will be my age in 2050.
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2050'de benim yasimda olacak.
10:43
This is not the very distant future.
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Cok da uzak bir gelecek degil.
10:46
This is what the U.K. government target
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Bu, Birlesik Krallik hukumetinin
10:49
on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like.
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karbon ve sera gazi salinimi hedefi.
10:53
And I put it to you, that is not business as usual.
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Bunun siradan bir is olmadigini goz onunde bulundurun.
10:56
That is changing our business.
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Bu, is dunyamizi degistirmek demek.
10:58
That is changing the way we create our organizations,
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Organizasyonlarimizi, hukumet politikalarimizi ve
11:01
we do our government policy and we live our lives.
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hayatimizi yasayis seklimizi degistirmemiz demek.
11:04
And the point is,
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Esas nokta ise,
11:06
we need to carry on increasing well-being.
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refahi arttirmaya devam etmemiz gerektigi.
11:08
No one can go to the polls
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Kimse secime gidip de
11:10
and say that quality of life is going to reduce.
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yasam kalitesinin dusecegini soylemeyecek.
11:13
None of us, I think,
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Bence hic birimiz
11:15
want human progress to stop.
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insanligin gelisiminin durmasini istemiyoruz.
11:17
I think we want it to carry on.
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Bence bunun devam etmesini istiyoruz.
11:19
I think we want the lot of humanity to keep on increasing.
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Bence beseriyetin artmaya devam etmesini istiyoruz.
11:21
And I think this is where climate change skeptics and deniers come in.
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Ve bence iklim degisikligine suphe veya reddedisle yaklasanlar da, bu noktada resme katiliyor.
11:24
I think this is what they want. They want quality of life to keep increasing.
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Bence onlarin istedigi bu. Yasam kalitesinin artmaya devam etmesini istiyorlar.
11:27
They want to hold on to what they've got.
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Ellerindekilere sahip cikmak istiyorlar.
11:30
And if we're going to engage them,
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Eger onlari da dahil edeceksek,
11:32
I think that's what we've got to do.
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yapmamiz gerekenin bu oldugunu dusunuyorum.
11:34
And that means we have to really increase efficiency even more.
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Bu da, verimlilgi daha da cok arttirmamiz gerektigi anlamina geliyor.
11:37
Now that's all very easy to draw graphs and things like that,
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Grafikler cizmek ve benzeri seyler yapmak cok kolay,
11:40
but the point is we need to turn those curves.
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ama asil nokta bu egrileri cevirmemiz gerektigi.
11:43
And this is where I think we can take a leaf
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Iste burada geri besleme donguleri yaratan,
11:45
out of systems theory, systems engineers,
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dogru bilgiyi dogru zamanda isleyen
11:48
where they create feedback loops,
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sistem teorisinden, sistem muhendislerinden
11:50
put the right information at the right point of time.
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yardim almamiz gerektigini dusunuyorum.
11:53
Human beings are very motivated by the "now."
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Insanoglu 'simdi' ile motive olur.
11:56
You put a smart meter in your home,
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Evinize akilli bir sayac koyarsiniz,
11:58
and you see how much electricity you're using right now,
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su anda ne kadar elektirik harcadiginizi,
12:00
how much it's costing you,
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size ne kadara mal oldugunu gorursunuz.
12:02
your kids go around and turn the lights off pretty quickly.
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Cocuklariniz gider ve hizla isiklari sondururler.
12:05
What would that look like for society?
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Bu, toplum icin nasil olurdu peki?
12:08
Why is it, on the radio news every evening,
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Neden her aksam radyodaki haberlerde
12:10
I hear the FTSE 100, the Dow Jones, the dollar pound ratio --
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FTSE 100 endeksini, Dow Jones endeksini, dolar-pound oranini duyuyorum?
12:13
I don't even know which way the dollar pound ratio should go to be good news.
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Dolar-pound orani hangi yonde hareket ederse iyi haber anlamina gelecegini bile bilmiyorum.
12:16
And why do I hear that?
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Bunu neden duyuyorum?
12:18
Why don't I hear how much energy Britain used yesterday,
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Neden dun Britanya'nin ne kadar enerji kullandigini,
12:21
or American used yesterday?
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ABD'nin ne kadar enerji kullandigini duymuyorum?
12:23
Did we meet our three percent annual target
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Karbon salinimini her yil yuzde uc
12:25
on reducing carbon emissions?
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azaltmaya dair hedefimizi tutturduk mu?
12:27
That's how you create a collective goal.
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Bu, kollektif bir amac yaratmanin yoludur.
12:29
You put it out there into the media and start thinking about it.
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Onu medyaya verirsiniz ve hakkinda dusunmeye baslarsiniz.
12:32
And we need positive feedback loops
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Refahi arttirmak icin
12:35
for increasing well-being
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pozitif geri besleme dongulerine ihtiyacimiz var.
12:37
At a government level, they might create national accounts of well-being.
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Hukumet seviyesinde, refaha bagli ulusal hesaplar olusturabilirler.
12:40
At a business level, you might look at the well-being of your employees,
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Is dunyasi seviyesinde, yaraticiligi ve
12:43
which we know is really linked to creativity,
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yenilikciligi tetikleyen
12:45
which is linked to innovation,
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iscilerin refah seviyesine bakabilirsiniz.
12:47
and we're going to need a lot of innovation to deal with those environmental issues.
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Bunca cevresel sorunla basa cikmak icin bir suru yenilige ihtiyacimiz olacak.
12:50
At a personal level, we need these nudges too.
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Kisisel anlamda da bu durtulere ihtiyacimiz var.
12:54
Maybe we don't quite need the data, but we need reminders.
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Belki verilere cok ihtiyacimiz yok ama hatirlatmalara ihtiyacimiz var.
12:57
In the U.K., we have a strong public health message
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Birlesik Krallik'ta her gun bes meyve ve sebze yemeye,
13:00
on five fruit and vegetables a day
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ne kadar egzersiz yapmamiz gerektigine dayali - hic bana gore degil -
13:02
and how much exercise we should do -- never my best thing.
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cok guclu bir kamu sagligi mesajimiz var.
13:05
What are these for happiness?
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Bunlarin mutluluklar ne ilgisi var?
13:08
What are the five things that you should do every day
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Daha mutlu olmak icin
13:10
to be happier?
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her gun yapmaniz gereken bes sey nedir?
13:12
We did a project for the Government Office of Science a couple of years ago,
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Bir kac yil once Bilim Bakanligi icin bir proje yaptik,
13:15
a big program called the Foresight program --
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Foresight (Ongoru) adinda buyuk bir programdi --
13:18
lots and lots of people -- involved lots of experts --
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bir cok insan vardi -- uzmanlar dahil olmak uzere --
13:20
everything evidence based -- a huge tome.
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her sey kanita dayaliydi -- buyuk bir dosyaydi.
13:23
But a piece of work we did was on: what five positive actions can you do
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Isimizin bir kismi suydu: hayatinizdaki refahi arttirmak icin
13:26
to improve well-being in your life?
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hangi bes pozitif eylemi yapabilirsiniz?
13:28
And the point of these is
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Buradaki nokta su ki,
13:30
they are, not quite, the secrets of happiness,
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bunlar aslinda mutlulugun sirri sayilmazlar;
13:32
but they are things that I think happiness will flow out the side from.
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daha cok mutlulugun kenarindan sizacagi seyler.
13:35
And the first of these is to connect,
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Bunlardan ilki baglanmaktir,
13:38
is that your social relationships
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sosyal iliskileriniz
13:40
are the most important cornerstones of your life.
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hayatinizin en onemli yapi taslaridir.
13:43
Do you invest the time with your loved ones
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Sevdiklerinize elinizden geldigi kadar
13:45
that you could do, and energy?
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enerji ve zaman harciyor musunuz?
13:47
Keep building them.
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Bu iliskileri insa etmeye devam edin.
13:49
The second one is be active.
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Ikincisi aktif olmaktir.
13:51
The fastest way out of a bad mood:
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Kotu bir ruh halinden cikmanin en hizli yolu:
13:54
step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance.
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disariya cikin, yuruyun, radyoyu acin ve dansedin.
13:57
Being active is great for our positive mood.
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Aktif olmak, olumlu ruh hali icin onemlidir.
14:00
The third one is take notice.
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Ucuncusu farkinda olmaktir.
14:03
How aware are you of things going on around the world,
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Dunyada olan bitenden, mevsimlerin degisiminden,
14:06
the seasons changing, people around you?
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cevrenizdeki insanlardan ne kadar haberdarsiniz?
14:09
Do you notice what's bubbling up for you and trying to emerge?
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Sizi nelerin beklediginin ve su yuzune cikmaya calistiginin farkinda misiniz?
14:12
Based on a lot of evidence for mindfulness,
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Dikkatlilige dair kanitlara gore,
14:14
cognitive behavioral therapy,
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bilissel davranis terapisi
14:16
[very] strong for our well being.
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refahimiz icin cok onemli.
14:19
The fourth is keep learning
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Dorduncusu ogrenmeye devam etmektir
14:21
and keep is important --
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ve devam etmek onemlidir --
14:23
learning throughout the whole life course.
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tum hayat boyunca ogrenmek.
14:25
Older people who keep learning and are curious,
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Ogrenmeye devam eden ve merakli olan yaslilar,
14:28
they have much better health outcomes than those who start to close down.
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kendini kapatmaya baslayanlardan cok daha iyi bir sagliga sahiptirler.
14:31
But it doesn't have to be formal learning; it's not knowledge based.
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Ama bunun formal ogrenim olmasi gerekmiyor; bilgiye dayali degil.
14:33
It's more curiosity.
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Bu daha cok merakla ilgili.
14:35
It can be learning to cook a new dish,
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Yeni bir yemek yapmayi, cocukken ogrenip de
14:38
picking up an instrument you forgot as a child.
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unuttugunuz bir enstrumani yeniden calmaya baslamayi ogrenmek gibi.
14:40
Keep learning.
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Ogrenmeye devam edin.
14:42
And the final one
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Sonuncusu da
14:44
is that most anti-economic of activities,
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tum aktivitelerin en ekonomik olmayani,
14:46
but give.
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vermek.
14:48
Our generosity, our altruism,
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Comertligimiz, fedakarligimiz.
14:50
our compassion,
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sevecenligimiz,
14:52
are all hardwired
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hepsi beynimizdeki
14:54
to the reward mechanism in our brain.
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odul mekanizmasina siki sikiya baglidir.
14:56
We feel good if we give.
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Birilerine bir sey verdigimizde kendimizi iyi hissederiz.
14:58
You can do an experiment where you give
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Sabah, iki grup insana yuzer dolar
15:00
two groups of people a hundred dollars in the morning.
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vererek siz de bir deney yapabilirsiniz.
15:03
You tell one of them to spend it on themselves
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Bir gruba bu parayi kendilerine harcamalarini,
15:06
and one on other people.
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diger gruba da diger insanlar icin harcamalarini soyleyin.
15:08
You measure their happiness at the end of the day,
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Gun sonunda mutluluklarini olcun,
15:10
those that have gone and spent on other people are much happier
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gidip de parayi baskalarina harcayanlarin
15:12
that those that spent it on themselves.
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kendilerine harcayanlardan cok daha mutlu oldugunu gorursunuz.
15:15
And these five ways,
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El altindaki kartpostallarin
15:17
which we put onto these handy postcards,
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uzerine yazdigimiz bu bes yolun,
15:20
I would say, don't have to cost the earth.
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dunyaya herhangi bir seye mal olmadigini soyleyebilirim.
15:23
They don't have any carbon content.
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Herhangi bir karbon icerigine sahip degiller.
15:25
They don't need a lot of material goods to be satisfied.
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Tatmin edilmeleri icin maddesel seylere gereksinimleri yok.
15:29
And so I think it's really quite feasible
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Bence mutlulugun dunyaya bir seye mal olmamasi
15:31
that happiness does not cost the earth.
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oldukca makul.
15:33
Now, Martin Luther King,
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Martin Luther King,
15:35
on the eve of his death,
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olmesine yakin,
15:37
gave an incredible speech.
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muhtesem bir konusma yapti.
15:39
He said, "I know there are challenges ahead,
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Demisti ki, "Ileride zorluklar oldugunu biliyorum,
15:42
there may be trouble ahead,
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onumuze sorunlar cikabilir,
15:44
but I fear no one. I don't care.
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ama hicbirinden korkmuyorum. Umursamiyorum.
15:46
I have been to the mountain top,
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Daglarin tepesine ciktim
15:49
and I have seen the Promised Land."
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ve Vaat Edilmis Topraklari gordum."
15:51
Now, he was a preacher,
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O bir vaizdi,
15:53
but I believe the environmental movement
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ama inaniyorum ki cevre hareketi
15:55
and, in fact, the business community, government,
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ve aslinda, is dunyasi, hukumet
15:58
needs to go to the top of the mountain top,
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dagin tepesine cikmali
16:01
and it needs to look out,
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ve cevresine bakmali,
16:03
and it needs to see the Promised Land,
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ve Vaat Edilmis Topraklari gormeli,
16:05
or the land of promise,
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veya vaatlerin vatanini,
16:07
and it needs to have a vision
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hepimizin istedigi dunyaya dair
16:09
of a world that we all want.
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bir hayali olmali.
16:12
And not only that, we need to create a Great Transition
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Sadece bu da degil, oraya varmak icin
16:14
to get there,
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Buyuk Degisimi yaratmamiz lazim
16:16
and we need to pave that great transition with good things.
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ve bu buyuk degisimin yollarini iyi seylerle kaplamaliyiz.
16:19
Human beings want to be happy.
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Insanoglu mutlu olmak ister.
16:22
Pave them with the five ways.
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Onlari bes yolla donatin.
16:24
And we need to have signposts
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Insanlari bir araya toplayan ve onlara
16:26
gathering people together and pointing them --
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Mutlu Gezegen Endeksini gosteren
16:28
something like the Happy Planet Index.
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isaret levhalarina ihtiyacimiz var.
16:30
And then I believe
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Sonrasinda inaniyorum ki
16:32
that we can all create a world we all want,
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hepimizin istedigi bir dunyayi,
16:34
where happiness does not cost the earth.
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mutlulugun dunyaya hicbir seye mal olmadigi bir yeri beraberce yaratabiliriz.
16:37
(Applause)
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(Alkislar)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nic Marks - Happiness researcherNic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF).
Why you should listen
Nic Marks thinks quality of life is measurable, and that true contentment comes not from the accumulation of material wealth but from our connections with others, engagement with the world, and a sense of autonomy. This isn't just theory: a pioneer in the field of well-being research, Marks creates statistical methods to measure happiness, analyzing and interpreting the evidence so that it can be applied to such policy fields as education, sustainable development, healthcare, and economics.
The founder of the Centre for Well-Being, an independent think tank at the New Economics Foundation (NEF), in London, Marks is particularly keen to promote a balance between sustainable development and quality of life. To investigate this, he devised the Happy Planet Index, a global index of human well-being and environmental impact. The results made headlines: People in the world's wealthiest countries, who consume the most of the planet's resources, don't come out on top in terms of well-being. Which raises the question: What purpose does unfettered economic growth serve?
To measure (and possibly improve) your own, or your organization's, happiness and well-being, visit two useful sites: 5 ways to Well-being and Happiness Works.
Read the TED Book: The Happiness Manifesto >>
Nic Marks | Speaker | TED.com