TEDGlobal 2010
Nic Marks: The Happy Planet Index
尼克·马科斯: 全球幸福指数
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统计学家尼克·马科斯质疑为什么我们要以一个国家的生产力，而不是人民的快乐和幸福感，来衡量其是否成功。他向我们介绍全球幸福指数, 这个指数测量一个国家的国民幸福感和资源使用率的比例(因为你可以不靠牺牲地球来换取幸福的生活)。 哪个国家的幸福指数最高呢? 你会大吃一惊的。
Nic Marks - Happiness researcher
Nic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF). Full bio
Nic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF). Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Martin Luther King
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马丁·路德·金
00:19
did not say,
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在他推动民权运动的时候
00:21
"I have a nightmare,"
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不是说：
00:23
when he inspired the civil rights movements.
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"我有一个恶梦"。
00:26
He said, "I have a dream."
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他说的是："我有一个梦想。"
00:29
And I have a dream.
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而我也有一个梦想.
00:31
I have a dream that we can stop thinking
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我的梦想是我们不再觉得
00:33
that the future will be a nightmare,
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未来会是一场恶梦。
00:36
and this is going to be a challenge,
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这对我们来说是一个挑战,
00:38
because, if you think
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因为, 如果你回想
00:40
of every major blockbusting film of recent times,
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一下最近所有的关于人类未来的大片,
00:44
nearly all of its visions for humanity
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几乎所有对人类未来的景象
00:47
are apocalyptic.
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都是灾难性的。
00:49
I think this film
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我觉得
00:51
is one of the hardest watches of modern times, "The Road."
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"末日危途(The Road)"是让人看了最难过的一部电影。
00:54
It's a beautiful piece of filmmaking,
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从电影拍摄的角度来说，它的制作非常优美,
00:56
but everything is desolate,
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但是一切都是那么的荒凉,
00:58
everything is dead.
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所有的东西都是死的。
01:01
And just a father and son
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只有一对父子
01:03
trying to survive, walking along the road.
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努力的生存下去,在路上走着。
01:06
And I think the environmental movement
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而我也觉得环保运动，
01:08
of which I am a part of
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这个我自己也参与的运动，
01:10
has been complicit
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一直在推波助澜
01:12
in creating this vision of the future.
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地制造这这么一种未来的景象。
01:14
For too long,
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在太长的一段时间里,
01:16
we have peddled a nightmarish vision
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我们兜售着一个噩梦般的景象
01:18
of what's going to happen.
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来描述将要发生的一切。
01:20
We have focused on the worst-case scenario.
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我们一直把注意力集中在最坏的情况上.
01:23
We have focused on the problems.
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我们一直把注意力集中在问题上.
01:25
And we have not thought enough
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而我们没有认真地思考
01:27
about the solutions.
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怎么解决这些问题。
01:29
We've used fear, if you like,
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可以说，我们在使用恐惧
01:31
to grab people's attention.
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来吸引人们的注意力.
01:34
And any psychologist will tell you
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而任何心理学家都会告诉你
01:37
that fear in the organism
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恐惧感在生命体里
01:39
is linked to flight mechanism.
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是和逃跑机制挂钩的.
01:41
It's part of the fight and flight mechanism,
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这是当一只动物感受到恐惧的时候
01:44
that when an animal is frightened --
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决定是战斗还是逃跑的生物系统的一部分--
01:46
think of a deer.
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想象一只鹿.
01:48
A deer freezes very, very still,
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一只鹿会停下来一动不动,
01:51
poised to run away.
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做好逃跑的准备。
01:53
And I think that's what we're doing
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而我想这正是我们所做的,
01:55
when we're asking people to engage with our agenda
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当我们要求人们加入到我们的
01:58
around environmental degradation and climate change.
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关于环境破坏和气候改变的计划的时候。
02:01
People are freezing and running away
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人们停下来，然后准备逃跑，
02:04
because we're using fear.
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因为我们在用恐惧作为工具。
02:06
And I think the environmental movement has to grow up
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我认为环保运动应该成熟起来，
02:09
and start to think about
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开始思考
02:11
what progress is.
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我们所谓的进步是什么意思。
02:13
What would it be like to be improving the human lot?
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怎样才算改善全人类的生活?
02:16
And one of the problems that we face, I think,
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我认为我们面对的问题之一,
02:18
is that the only people that have cornered the market
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是那些操纵了市场的人:
02:21
in terms of progress
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在定义进步的时候
02:23
is a financial definition of what progress is,
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是用金钱来定义进步，
02:26
an economic definition of what progress is --
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是用经济来定义进步 --
02:29
that somehow,
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他们说，通过某些办法,
02:31
if we get the right numbers to go up,
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只要我们让某些恰当的项目的数值增加，
02:33
we're going to be better off,
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那么我们就会好起来。
02:36
whether that's on the stock market,
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无论是股市也好,
02:38
whether that's with GDP
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国民生产总值也好,
02:40
and economic growth,
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或者经济增长也好,
02:42
that somehow life is going to get better.
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只要是增长，生活就会好起来。
02:44
This is somehow appealing to human greed
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这从某种角度是符合人类的贪欲
02:47
instead of fear --
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而不是恐惧 --
02:49
that more is better.
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觉得越多越好。
02:51
Come on. In the Western world, we have enough.
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其实，在西方世界,我们拥有的够多了.
02:54
Maybe some parts of the world don't, but we have enough.
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也许世界上的一些地方在物质上还缺乏,但我们拥有的已经够多了.
02:57
And we've know for a long time that this is not a good measure
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而我们也早就知道了这并不是一个好的衡量
03:00
of the welfare of nations.
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国家的福利的标准。
03:02
In fact, the architect of our national accounting system,
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事实上，我们的会计制度的设计师,
03:05
Simon Kuznets, in the 1930s,
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西蒙·库兹涅茨在1930年代
03:08
said that, "A nation's welfare
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就说过, "一个国家的福利
03:10
can scarcely be inferred from their national income."
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是难以从这个国家的收入来推断的."
03:13
But we've created a national accounting system
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但是我们创造的这个会计系统
03:15
which is firmly based on production
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却是牢牢地建立在生产力
03:17
and producing stuff.
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和生产东西之上的。
03:19
And indeed, this is probably historical, and it had its time.
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确实，也许在历史上这个生产力标准也有它适用的时候。
03:22
In the second World War, we needed to produce a lot of stuff.
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在二战的年代，我们必须生产很多东西。
03:25
And indeed, we were so successful at producing certain types of stuff
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确实，我们以前在生产某些东西上是多么的成功，
03:28
that we destroyed a lot of Europe, and we had to rebuild it afterwards.
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以至于我们摧毁了欧洲的很大一部分,然后又不得不进行重建.
03:31
And so our national accounting system
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所以我们的国家核算制度
03:33
became fixated on what we can produce.
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就只计算我们所能生产的东西了。
03:36
But as early as 1968,
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但早在1968年,
03:39
this visionary man, Robert Kennedy,
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这位卓有远见的人, 罗伯特.肯尼迪
03:42
at the start of his ill-fated presidential campaign,
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在开始他没有成功的总统竞选的时候
03:45
gave the most eloquent deconstruction
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对国民生产总值这个标准
03:48
of gross national product
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进行了史无前例的
03:50
that ever has been.
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最有力的抨击。
03:52
And he finished his talk with the phrase,
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他用以下这段话结束了他的演讲,
03:55
that, "The gross national product
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他说："国民生产总值
03:57
measures everything except that
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衡量了所有的东西，唯独没有衡量的
04:00
which makes life worthwhile."
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是那些使生命真正有价值的东西。"
04:02
How crazy is that? That our measure of progress,
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是不是很荒唐? 这个我们衡量增长的标准，
04:05
our dominant measure of progress in society,
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我们衡量社会进步的最重要的标准,
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is measuring everything
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衡量一切,
04:10
except that which makes life worthwhile?
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唯独不衡量让生命有意义的东西?
04:13
I believe, if Kennedy was alive today,
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我相信, 如果肯尼迪今天还在世,
04:16
he would be asking statisticians such as myself
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他一定会要求我们这些统计学家
04:19
to go out and find out
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到社会中去，去找到
04:21
what makes life worthwhile.
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到底是什么让生命有价值。
04:23
He'd be asking us to redesign
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他会要求我们重新设计
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our national accounting system
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我们的国家核算系统,
04:27
to be based upon
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让它建立在
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such important things as social justice,
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那些重要的东西上, 例如社会的公正和正义,
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sustainability
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可持续性,
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and people's well-being.
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还有人民的幸福感。
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And actually, social scientists have already gone out
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而实际上，社会科学家们已经开始
04:38
and asked these questions around the world.
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在世界各地问这些问题。
04:40
This is from a global survey.
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这是一个全球性的调查.
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It's asking people, what do they want.
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它问人们,他们想要什么。
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And unsurprisingly, people all around the world
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不足为奇地,世界各地的人们
04:48
say that what they want
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说他们所要的
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is happiness, for themselves,
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是幸福和快乐, 他们自己的,
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for their families, their children,
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他们家庭的, 他们孩子的,
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their communities.
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他们社区的幸福和快乐.
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Okay, they think money is slightly important.
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不错, 他们觉得金钱有一点重要，.
04:58
It's there, but it's not nearly as important as happiness,
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这是事实, 但是它跟幸福相比是微不足道的，
05:01
and it's not nearly as important as love.
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它跟爱相比也是微不足道的。
05:04
We all need to love and be loved in life.
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我们在人生中都需要爱和被爱。
05:07
It's not nearly as important as health.
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金钱跟健康相比也是微不足道的。
05:09
We want to be healthy and live a full life.
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我们都想要健康地过圆满的一生.
05:12
These seem to be natural human aspirations.
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这些都是人类天生的渴望。
05:15
Why are statisticians not measuring these?
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为什么统计学家们没有去衡量这些东西呢?
05:18
Why are we not thinking of the progress of nations in these terms,
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为什么我们不从这些角度来考虑国家的进步
05:21
instead of just how much stuff we have?
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而不是只计算我们有多少物质呢?
05:24
And really, this is what I've done with my adult life --
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确实, 这是我成年后一直在做的--
05:27
is think about how do we measure happiness,
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就是思考我们怎么样来衡量快乐和幸福,
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how do we measure well-being,
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怎么样来衡量满足和惬意,
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how can we do that within environmental limits.
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我们怎样在不过度破坏环境的前提下做到这点。
05:33
And we created, at the organization that I work for,
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在我上班的地方，
05:35
the New Economics Foundation,
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新经济基金会，我们提出了
05:37
something we call the Happy Planet Index,
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一个我们称之为全球幸福指数的指标,
05:40
because we think people should be happy and the planet should be happy.
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因为我们认为人们应该快乐而整个地球也应该快乐。
05:43
Why don't we create a measure of progress that shows that?
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为什么我们不建立一个指标来衡量这方面的进步呢?
05:46
And what we do,
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而我们所做的,
05:48
is we say that the ultimate outcome of a nation
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就是我们指出衡量一个国家的最终指标
05:50
is how successful is it
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是它能多成功地
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at creating happy and healthy lives for its citizens.
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为它的公民带来快乐而健康的生活。
05:55
That should be the goal
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这个目标应该是
05:57
of every nation on the planet.
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世界上每个国家的目标。
05:59
But we have to remember
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但我们必须要记住
06:01
that there's a fundamental input to that,
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它有一个最基本的元素，
06:04
and that is how many of the planet's resources we use.
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而那就是我们使用了地球上多少的资源。
06:07
We all have one planet. We all have to share it.
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我们只有一个地球,我们都需要分享它.
06:10
It is the ultimate scarce resource,
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这个我们共享的星球
06:13
the one planet that we share.
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是我们的终极稀有资源。
06:16
And economics is very interested in scarcity.
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经济学对稀有的东西是非常感兴趣的。
06:19
When it has a scarce resource
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当它有一个稀有资源
06:21
that it wants to turn into
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而它要把其变成
06:23
a desirable outcome,
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一个合意的结果,
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it thinks in terms of efficiency.
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它会从效率上来考虑问题.
06:28
It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck.
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它会考虑我们要为我们的所得付出多少.
06:31
And this is a measure of how much well-being
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而这个标准衡量我们可以通过消耗多少地球资源
06:33
we get for our planetary resource use.
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来换取多少幸福。
06:36
It is an efficiency measure.
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这是一个衡量效率的标准.
06:38
And probably the easiest way to show you that,
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也许最容易说清楚的办法
06:41
is to show you this graph.
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是看这个图。
06:43
Running horizontally along the graph,
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这个图的横坐标
06:46
is "ecological footprint,"
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是"生态脚印,"
06:48
which is a measure of how much resources we use
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这是一个衡量我们使用多少自然资源
06:51
and how much pressure we put on the planet.
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和我们给地球多少压力的标准。
06:53
More is bad.
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这个指标越高越不好.
06:55
Running vertically upwards,
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往上走的纵坐标,
06:57
is a measure called "happy life years."
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是一个叫"快乐生命年数"的标准.
06:59
It's about the well-being of nations.
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这是一个关于国家幸福度的标准.
07:01
It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy.
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它是一个根据幸福度做过调整的寿命期望值，
07:04
It's like quality and quantity of life in nations.
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象征着各个国家的生命质量和数量。
07:07
And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average.
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那个黄点，是全球的平均值。
07:10
Now, there's a huge array of nations
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现在, 那里有很多国家
07:12
around that global average.
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在全球平均值附近.
07:14
To the top right of the graph,
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在这个图 的右上角,
07:17
are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being,
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是一些提供幸福生活上做得比较好的国家，
07:20
but they're using a lot of planet to get there.
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但代价是他们用了地球很多的资源。
07:22
They are the U.S.A.,
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包括美国,
07:24
other Western countries going across in those triangles
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其他一些在那些三角形上的西方国家,
07:27
and a few Gulf states in there actually.
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还有几个波斯湾的国家。
07:29
Conversely, at the bottom left of the graph,
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相反地, 在这个图的左下方,
07:32
are countries that are not producing much well-being --
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是那些没有提供多少幸福生活的国家--
07:35
typically, sub-Saharan Africa.
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典型的便是非洲沙哈拉以南的国家.
07:38
In Hobbesian terms,
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用托马斯·霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes)的说法,
07:40
life is short and brutish there.
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那里的生命是短暂而又粗野的.
07:42
The average life expectancy in many of these countries
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在很多这些国家的人均寿命
07:45
is only 40 years.
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只有40岁。
07:48
Malaria, HIV/AIDS
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疟疾, 艾滋病
07:50
are killing a lot of people
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夺走了那些地区的
07:52
in these regions of the world.
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很多生命。
07:54
But now for the good news!
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现在给大家一点好消息!
07:56
There are some countries up there, yellow triangles,
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在这上面的一些国家,那些黄色的三角形,
07:58
that are doing better than global average,
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做得比全球平均值好,
08:00
that are heading up towards the top left of the graph.
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在向这个图的左上角移动。
08:02
This is an aspirational graph.
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这是一个让人鼓舞的图像.
08:04
We want to be top left, where good lives don't cost the earth.
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我们要达到图的左上方, 在那里好的生活并不会消耗地球太多资源.
08:07
They're Latin American.
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那些是拉丁美洲国家.
08:09
The country on its own up at the top
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那个在图的上方独占鳌头的国家
08:11
is a place I haven't been to.
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是一个我没去过的地方.
08:13
Maybe some of you have.
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也许你们当中的一些人去过那里.
08:15
Costa Rica.
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哥斯达黎加.
08:19
Costa Rica --
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哥斯达黎加--
08:21
average life expectancy is 78-and-a-half years.
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人均寿命是78.5岁.
08:24
That is longer than in the USA.
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这比美国要长.
08:28
They are, according to the latest Gallup world poll,
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根据最新盖洛普（Gallup）全球民意调查，他们
08:31
the happiest nation on the planet --
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是地球上最快乐的国家--
08:34
than anybody; more than Switzerland and Denmark.
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他们比谁都快乐,比瑞士和丹麦都更快乐.
08:37
They are the happiest place.
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他们是最快乐的地方.
08:39
They are doing that
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但是他们只使用了
08:41
on a quarter of the resources
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典型的西方世界所用资源的
08:43
that are used typically in [the] Western world --
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四分之一，
08:46
a quarter of the resources.
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只用四分之一的资源。
08:49
What's going on there?
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那怎么回事呢?
08:52
What's happening in Costa Rica?
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哥斯达黎加有什么不同?
08:54
We can look at some of the data.
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我们可以看看一些数据.
08:56
99 percent of their electricity comes from renewable resources.
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他们的电力99%来自可再生能源.
08:59
Their government is one of the first to commit
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他们的政府是最早承诺
09:01
to be carbon neutral by 2021.
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在2021年之前做到碳中和的政府之一.
09:04
They abolished the army
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他们在1949年
09:07
in 1949 --
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取消了军队，
09:09
1949.
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1949 年。
09:11
And they invested in social programs --
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他们在社会项目上投资，
09:13
health and education.
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健康和教育。
09:15
They have one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America
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他们有着在拉丁美洲甚至全世界
09:18
and in the world.
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最高的识字率。
09:20
And they have that Latin vibe, don't they.
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而他们也有着那拉丁的韵律, 对吧，
09:22
They have the social connectedness.
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他们有着社会人际网。
09:24
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
09:26
The challenge is, that possibly -- and the thing we might have to think about --
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这其中的挑战在于,也许还有我们可能要考虑到的--
09:29
is that the future
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就是我们未来的学习的榜样
09:31
might not be North American,
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也许不是北美洲,
09:33
might not be Western European.
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也许不是西欧.
09:35
It might be Latin American.
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也许是拉丁美洲.
09:38
And the challenge, really,
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而真正的挑战在于,
09:40
is to pull the global average up here.
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把全球平均值提升到这里.
09:43
That's what we need to do.
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这就是我们必须做到的.
09:45
And if we're going to do that,
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如果我们要做到这点,
09:47
we need to pull countries from the bottom,
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我们需要把在底部的国家拉上来,
09:50
and we need to pull countries from the right of the graph.
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而我们也需要把在图的右边的国家拉过来左边.
09:53
And then we're starting to create a happy planet.
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那么我们就是在开始创建一个快乐的地球.
09:56
That's one way of looking at it.
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这是看待这件事的一个方法.
09:58
Another way of looking at it is looking at time trends.
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另外一个看待这个幸福地球理论的方法是看历史发展趋势。
10:00
We don't have good data going back for every country in the world,
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我们没有好的数据来追溯世界上的每个国家,
10:03
but for some of the richest countries, the OECD group, we do.
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但是我们有世界经贸合作组织中一些富有的国家的数据。
10:06
And this is the trend in well-being over that time,
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而这正是那个时代追求幸福指数的历史趋势,
10:09
a small increase,
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是一个小的进步,
10:11
but this is the trend in ecological footprint.
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但这是生态脚印的催势,
10:13
And so in strict happy-planet methodology,
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所以从严格的快乐地球的方法论的角度,
10:16
we've become less efficient
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我们在把稀有资源转化为
10:18
at turning our ultimate scarce resource
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我们想要的产出这方面来说，
10:20
into the outcome we want to.
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变得效率更低了。
10:23
And the point really is, is that I think,
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这其中的要点是,我想,
10:26
probably everybody in this room
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也许在这个会场里的每一个人
10:28
would like society to get to 2050
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都希望我们的社会在到达2050年的时候
10:30
without an apocalyptic
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不会出现世界末日
10:33
something happening.
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的某种景象。
10:35
It's actually not very long away.
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这其实离我们并不是很遥远.
10:37
It's half a human lifetime away.
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这只是一个人寿命的一半。
10:39
A child entering school today
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一个现在开始上学的孩子
10:41
will be my age in 2050.
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在2050年的时候会跟我现在同龄.
10:43
This is not the very distant future.
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这并不是遥远的将来.
10:46
This is what the U.K. government target
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这是根据英国政府
10:49
on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like.
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在碳排放和温室气体排放的目标来制作的图像。
10:53
And I put it to you, that is not business as usual.
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我跟你们说, 这不是舞照跳马照跑.
10:56
That is changing our business.
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这意味着我们必须改变做事方式，
10:58
That is changing the way we create our organizations,
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意味着我们必须改变我们创建组织的方式,
11:01
we do our government policy and we live our lives.
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行政的方式, 还有生活方式。
11:04
And the point is,
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其要点在于,
11:06
we need to carry on increasing well-being.
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我们必须继续调高生活的幸福度.
11:08
No one can go to the polls
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没有一个去投票的人
11:10
and say that quality of life is going to reduce.
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会说生活的质量将要下降。
11:13
None of us, I think,
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我相信没有人
11:15
want human progress to stop.
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会希望人类停止进步。
11:17
I think we want it to carry on.
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我想我们都希望这些进步能继续下去.
11:19
I think we want the lot of humanity to keep on increasing.
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我觉得我们都希望人类能够变得更加美好。
11:21
And I think this is where climate change skeptics and deniers come in.
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我觉得这正是为什么会有对气候变化质疑和否定的人.
11:24
I think this is what they want. They want quality of life to keep increasing.
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我想这是他们所要的, 他们要生活水平继续提高.
11:27
They want to hold on to what they've got.
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他们要保留住他们所有的东西.
11:30
And if we're going to engage them,
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如果我们要把他们笼络进来，
11:32
I think that's what we've got to do.
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那些就是我们需要满足他们的。
11:34
And that means we have to really increase efficiency even more.
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这就意味着我们真的需要更进一步的提高我们的效率。
11:37
Now that's all very easy to draw graphs and things like that,
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制作一些图表或者类似的东西很容易,
11:40
but the point is we need to turn those curves.
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但是要点是我们要把那些曲线转过来.
11:43
And this is where I think we can take a leaf
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这是我觉得我们应该向
11:45
out of systems theory, systems engineers,
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系统理论和系统工程师学习的地方,
11:48
where they create feedback loops,
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他们制造出反馈回路,
11:50
put the right information at the right point of time.
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在恰当的时间反馈正确的信息。
11:53
Human beings are very motivated by the "now."
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人很容易对"马上可以看到的东西"作出反应。
11:56
You put a smart meter in your home,
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比如你放一个智能电表在家里,
11:58
and you see how much electricity you're using right now,
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当你看到电表显示你正在用多少电，
12:00
how much it's costing you,
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告诉你花掉多少钱的时候,
12:02
your kids go around and turn the lights off pretty quickly.
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你的小孩会很快的去把灯关掉。
12:05
What would that look like for society?
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这样的东西应用在社会上会怎么样呢?
12:08
Why is it, on the radio news every evening,
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为什么每天晚上的新闻
12:10
I hear the FTSE 100, the Dow Jones, the dollar pound ratio --
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我都听到伦敦金融时报100指数，道琼斯工业指数, 美元对英镑的汇率 --
12:13
I don't even know which way the dollar pound ratio should go to be good news.
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我都不知道美元对英镑的汇率到底谁高算是好消息。
12:16
And why do I hear that?
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为什么我们要听到这些呢?
12:18
Why don't I hear how much energy Britain used yesterday,
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为什么我没有听到英国昨天用了多少能源，
12:21
or American used yesterday?
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或者美国昨天用了多少?
12:23
Did we meet our three percent annual target
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我们有没有达到减少废气排放
12:25
on reducing carbon emissions?
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百分之三的的年度指标?
12:27
That's how you create a collective goal.
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这是设立一个共同目标的方法。
12:29
You put it out there into the media and start thinking about it.
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你把它交给媒体然后开始思考.
12:32
And we need positive feedback loops
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而我们需要积极的反馈回路
12:35
for increasing well-being
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来提高幸福度。
12:37
At a government level, they might create national accounts of well-being.
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在政府层面,他们可以建立国家级的幸福统计指数.
12:40
At a business level, you might look at the well-being of your employees,
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在商业层面, 你可以看你的员工是否幸福快乐,
12:43
which we know is really linked to creativity,
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我们知道这是和创造力直接相关的,
12:45
which is linked to innovation,
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也是很能鼓励创新的。
12:47
and we're going to need a lot of innovation to deal with those environmental issues.
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而我们将需要很多创新来面对种种环境问题.
12:50
At a personal level, we need these nudges too.
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从个人的角度, 我们也需要这些提示.
12:54
Maybe we don't quite need the data, but we need reminders.
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也许我们不是那么需要这些数据,但我们需要提醒.
12:57
In the U.K., we have a strong public health message
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在英国,我们有一个很强的关于大众健康的提醒信息，
13:00
on five fruit and vegetables a day
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每天吃五份水果和蔬菜，
13:02
and how much exercise we should do -- never my best thing.
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还有我们要做多少锻炼 -- 我自己不是很擅长这个.
13:05
What are these for happiness?
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对于快乐，我们能从中得到什么启示？
13:08
What are the five things that you should do every day
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有没有哪五件事我们每天都应该做
13:10
to be happier?
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来变得更幸福快乐呢?
13:12
We did a project for the Government Office of Science a couple of years ago,
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几年前我们为政府的科技办做了个项目,
13:15
a big program called the Foresight program --
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一个很大的叫"远虑 (Foresight)"的项目 --
13:18
lots and lots of people -- involved lots of experts --
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很多很多的人-- 包括很多的专家 --
13:20
everything evidence based -- a huge tome.
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一切结论都是有证据的 -- 一部巨著.
13:23
But a piece of work we did was on: what five positive actions can you do
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我们所做的那一部分是: 你可以做哪五件积极的事来
13:26
to improve well-being in your life?
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让你的生命更幸福?
13:28
And the point of these is
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这其中的要点是
13:30
they are, not quite, the secrets of happiness,
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它们是，不能完全说是，关于幸福的秘密,
13:32
but they are things that I think happiness will flow out the side from.
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但我觉得快乐会从那些积极的行动中自然而然地产生。
13:35
And the first of these is to connect,
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第一个行动是：与人保持联系，
13:38
is that your social relationships
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就是你的社会关系，
13:40
are the most important cornerstones of your life.
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是你生命里最重要的基石。
13:43
Do you invest the time with your loved ones
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你在你所关爱的人身上花了
13:45
that you could do, and energy?
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你能花的时间与精力了吗?
13:47
Keep building them.
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你要不断的建设和维护这些关系。
13:49
The second one is be active.
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第二点是：保持活跃。
13:51
The fastest way out of a bad mood:
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摆脱坏心情的最快的方法就是:
13:54
step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance.
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走出去,散一个步, 打开收音机来跳个舞.
13:57
Being active is great for our positive mood.
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保持活跃对维持美好心情是很有帮助的.
14:00
The third one is take notice.
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第三点：关心周围。
14:03
How aware are you of things going on around the world,
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你关心这世界上发生的事吗,
14:06
the seasons changing, people around you?
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你注意到四季的转换,还有你身边的人吗?
14:09
Do you notice what's bubbling up for you and trying to emerge?
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你注意到你身边有什么东西在酝酿中，而快要发生吗?
14:12
Based on a lot of evidence for mindfulness,
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根据很多研究意念的证据,
14:14
cognitive behavioral therapy,
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感知行为心理学,
14:16
[very] strong for our well being.
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这对我们的身心健康是很有影响的。
14:19
The fourth is keep learning
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第四点是：不断学习。
14:21
and keep is important --
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而坚持是很重要的 --
14:23
learning throughout the whole life course.
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活到老，学到老。
14:25
Older people who keep learning and are curious,
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坚持学习的老人他们有好奇心,
14:28
they have much better health outcomes than those who start to close down.
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他们的健康状况比那些闭塞的老人要好得多.
14:31
But it doesn't have to be formal learning; it's not knowledge based.
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但这不需要是正式的学习; 它不是以学习知识为目的。
14:33
It's more curiosity.
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更重要的是保持好奇心。
14:35
It can be learning to cook a new dish,
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这可以是学煮一份新菜式,
14:38
picking up an instrument you forgot as a child.
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重温你小时候玩过的已经忘记的乐器。
14:40
Keep learning.
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坚持学习。
14:42
And the final one
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最后一点，
14:44
is that most anti-economic of activities,
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是经济学上最不能理解的事,
14:46
but give.
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那就是：给予和付出。
14:48
Our generosity, our altruism,
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我们的慷慨，舍己为人,
14:50
our compassion,
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同情，
14:52
are all hardwired
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都是我们天生就有，
14:54
to the reward mechanism in our brain.
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直接和我们脑袋里面的奖励机制相连的。
14:56
We feel good if we give.
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当我们给予的时候我们会感觉很好。
14:58
You can do an experiment where you give
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你可以做一个实验, 在早上你给
15:00
two groups of people a hundred dollars in the morning.
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两组人每人一百美元。
15:03
You tell one of them to spend it on themselves
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你让其中一组人把钱花在他们自己身上
15:06
and one on other people.
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然后让另外一组人把钱花在别人身上.
15:08
You measure their happiness at the end of the day,
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这天结束的时候你评估他们的快乐度,
15:10
those that have gone and spent on other people are much happier
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那组把钱花在别人身上的人要远比
15:12
that those that spent it on themselves.
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把钱花在自己身上的人高兴。
15:15
And these five ways,
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我们把这五个方法
15:17
which we put onto these handy postcards,
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印在这些方便携带的卡片上。
15:20
I would say, don't have to cost the earth.
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我要说，这并不消耗地球的资源，
15:23
They don't have any carbon content.
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因为它们没有任何碳含量。
15:25
They don't need a lot of material goods to be satisfied.
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要做到这些积极的行动并不需要很多物质。
15:29
And so I think it's really quite feasible
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所以我想这是很可行的,
15:31
that happiness does not cost the earth.
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幸福快乐并不需要牺牲地球。
15:33
Now, Martin Luther King,
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马丁·路德·金
15:35
on the eve of his death,
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在他去世的前夜,
15:37
gave an incredible speech.
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做了一个让人赞叹的演讲.
15:39
He said, "I know there are challenges ahead,
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他说,"我知道前面的路充满了挑战,
15:42
there may be trouble ahead,
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也许荆棘满途,
15:44
but I fear no one. I don't care.
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但我谁都不害怕,我不在乎.
15:46
I have been to the mountain top,
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我已经到过了顶峰,
15:49
and I have seen the Promised Land."
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我已经看到了乐土."
15:51
Now, he was a preacher,
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他是个传教士,
15:53
but I believe the environmental movement
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但我相信环保运动
15:55
and, in fact, the business community, government,
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实际上还有商业界, 政府,
15:58
needs to go to the top of the mountain top,
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也需要走到顶峰,
16:01
and it needs to look out,
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他们都需要高瞻远瞩,
16:03
and it needs to see the Promised Land,
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他们都需要看到那片乐土,
16:05
or the land of promise,
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或者说传说中的桃源,
16:07
and it needs to have a vision
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他们都需要有一个
16:09
of a world that we all want.
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我们都想要的未来世界的远景.
16:12
And not only that, we need to create a Great Transition
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不止如此, 我们需要创造一个巨变
16:14
to get there,
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来到达那里,
16:16
and we need to pave that great transition with good things.
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我们也需要在这条巨变的道路上铺满美好的东西.
16:19
Human beings want to be happy.
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人类都想要幸福快乐。
16:22
Pave them with the five ways.
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用这五个行动来走向幸福吧。
16:24
And we need to have signposts
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我们还需要路标
16:26
gathering people together and pointing them --
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来召集人们一起，告诉他们
16:28
something like the Happy Planet Index.
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全球幸福指数这样的东西。
16:30
And then I believe
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这样的话，我相信
16:32
that we can all create a world we all want,
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我们就可以创立一个我们都想要的世界，
16:34
where happiness does not cost the earth.
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一个不需要以消耗地球来达到幸福快乐的世界。
16:37
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nic Marks - Happiness researcherNic Marks gathers evidence about what makes us happy, and uses it to promote policy that puts the well-being of people and the planet first. He's the founder of the Centre for Well-Being at the UK think tank New Economics Foundation (NEF).
Why you should listen
Nic Marks thinks quality of life is measurable, and that true contentment comes not from the accumulation of material wealth but from our connections with others, engagement with the world, and a sense of autonomy. This isn't just theory: a pioneer in the field of well-being research, Marks creates statistical methods to measure happiness, analyzing and interpreting the evidence so that it can be applied to such policy fields as education, sustainable development, healthcare, and economics.
The founder of the Centre for Well-Being, an independent think tank at the New Economics Foundation (NEF), in London, Marks is particularly keen to promote a balance between sustainable development and quality of life. To investigate this, he devised the Happy Planet Index, a global index of human well-being and environmental impact. The results made headlines: People in the world's wealthiest countries, who consume the most of the planet's resources, don't come out on top in terms of well-being. Which raises the question: What purpose does unfettered economic growth serve?
To measure (and possibly improve) your own, or your organization's, happiness and well-being, visit two useful sites: 5 ways to Well-being and Happiness Works.
Read the TED Book: The Happiness Manifesto >>
Nic Marks | Speaker | TED.com