TEDGlobal 2010
Sugata Mitra: The child-driven education
Sugata Mitrani novi eksperimenti u samo-poučavanju
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3,097,850 views
Znanstvenik koji se bavi obrazovanjem, Sugata Mitra, napada jedan od najvećih problema obrazovanja -- najbolji učitelji i škole ne postoje tamo gdje ih najviše trebaju. U nizu eksperimenata o stvarnom životi od New Delhija preko Južne Afrike do Italije, dao je djeci pristup webu bez nadzora odraslih i postigao rezultate koji bi mogli unijeti revoluciju u naš pogled na poučavanje.
Sugata Mitra - Education researcher
Educational researcher Sugata Mitra is the winner of the 2013 TED Prize. His wish: Build a School in the Cloud, where children can explore and learn from one another. Full bio
Educational researcher Sugata Mitra is the winner of the 2013 TED Prize. His wish: Build a School in the Cloud, where children can explore and learn from one another. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Well, that's kind of an obvious statement up there.
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Dobro, ovo gore je prilično očigledna tvrdnja.
00:19
I started with that sentence about 12 years ago,
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Započeo sam s tom rečenicom prije otprilike 12 godina,
00:22
and I started in the context
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i započeo sam u kontekstu
00:25
of developing countries,
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zemalja u razvoju,
00:27
but you're sitting here from every corner of the world.
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ali vi koji sjedite ovdje dolazite iz svih dijelova svijeta.
00:30
So if you think of a map of your country,
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Ako razmislite o karti svoje zemlje,
00:33
I think you'll realize
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mislim kako ćete uvidjeti
00:35
that for every country on Earth,
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da u svakoj zemlji na Zemlji,
00:37
you could draw little circles to say,
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možete nacrtati malene krugove za koje ćete reći:
00:39
"These are places where good teachers won't go."
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"Ovo su mjesta na koje dobar učitelj neće htjeti otići."
00:43
On top of that,
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Pored toga,
00:45
those are the places from where trouble comes.
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to su mjesta od kuda doleze problemi.
00:48
So we have an ironic problem --
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Tako imamo ironični problem.
00:50
good teachers don't want to go
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Dobri učitelji ne žele ići upravo onamo
00:52
to just those places where they're needed the most.
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gdje ih najviše trebaju.
00:55
I started in 1999
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Tim sam se problemom počeo baviti 1999.
00:58
to try and address this problem with an experiment,
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pokrenuvši jedan vrlo jednostavan eksperiment,
01:01
which was a very simple experiment in New Delhi.
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u New Delhiju.
01:06
I basically embedded a computer
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Ugradio sam računalo
01:09
into a wall of a slum in New Delhi.
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u zid u siromašnoj četvrti New Delhija.
01:13
The children barely went to school, they didn't know any English --
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Djeca jedva da su tamo išla u školu. Nisu imali pojma o Engleskom.
01:16
they'd never seen a computer before,
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Nikada prije nisu vidjeli računalo,
01:18
and they didn't know what the internet was.
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i nisu imali pojma što je to Internet,
01:21
I connected high speed internet to it -- it's about three feet off the ground --
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Priključio sam Internet vezom velike brzine -- ekran je bio oko 1.5m od zemlje --
01:24
turned it on and left it there.
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uključio ga i otišao.
01:26
After this,
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Nakon toga,
01:28
we noticed a couple of interesting things, which you'll see.
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uočili smo nekoliko zanimljivih stvari, koje ćete vidjeti.
01:31
But I repeated this all over India
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Ali to sam ponovio na mnogim mjestima u Indiji
01:34
and then through
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i nakon toga u mnogim
01:36
a large part of the world
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zemljama svijeta
01:38
and noticed
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te uočio
01:40
that children will learn to do
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da će djeca naučiti ono
01:42
what they want to learn to do.
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što žele naučiti raditi.
01:45
This is the first experiment that we did --
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Ovo je prvi eksperiment koji smo napravili --
01:47
eight year-old boy on your right
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osmogodišnji dječak s desna
01:49
teaching his student, a six year-old girl,
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poučava svoju šestogodišnju učenicu,
01:52
and he was teaching her how to browse.
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kako da pretražuje Internet.
01:56
This boy here in the middle of central India --
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Ovaj dječak u središnjoj Indiji --
02:00
this is in a Rajasthan village,
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ovo je selo u Rajastanu,
02:02
where the children recorded their own music
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gdje su djeca snimila vlastitu glazbu
02:05
and then played it back to each other
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i onda ju reproducirala jedni drugima,
02:08
and in the process,
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a u tom procesu,
02:10
they've enjoyed themselves thoroughly.
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jako su uživali.
02:12
They did all of this in four hours
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Sve su to napravili u svega četiri sata,
02:14
after seeing the computer for the first time.
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iako su tada prvi puta vidjeli računalo.
02:17
In another South Indian village,
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U jednom drugom selu u južnoj Indiji,
02:20
these boys here
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ovi dječaci ovdje
02:22
had assembled a video camera
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su sastavili video kameru
02:24
and were trying to take the photograph of a bumble bee.
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i pokušavali snimiti bumbara.
02:26
They downloaded it from Disney.com,
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To su preuzeli sa stranica Disney.com,
02:28
or one of these websites,
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ili neke od ovih web stranica,
02:30
14 days after putting the computer in their village.
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14 dana nakon što je računalo stiglo u njihovo selo.
02:36
So at the end of it,
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Na kraju smo
02:38
we concluded that groups of children
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došli do zaključka kako skupina djece
02:40
can learn to use computers and the internet on their own,
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može sama naučiti koristiti računalo i Internet,
02:43
irrespective of who
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neovisno o tome tko su
02:45
or where they were.
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i gdje se nalaze.
02:48
At that point, I became a little more ambitious
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U tom sam trenutku postao malo ambiciozniji
02:51
and decided to see
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i odlučio sam istražiti
02:54
what else could children do with a computer.
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što još djeca mogu učiniti uz pomoć računala.
02:57
We started off with an experiment in Hyderabad, India,
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Počeli smo eksperimentom u Hyderabadu u Indiji,
03:00
where I gave a group of children --
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gdje sam skupini djece dao --
03:03
they spoke English with a very strong Telugu accent.
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govori su Engleski teškim Telugu naglaskom.
03:06
I gave them a computer
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Dao sam im računalo
03:08
with a speech-to-text interface,
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s programom koji govor pretvara u pisani tekst,
03:10
which you now get free with Windows,
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program se danas dobiva besplatno uz Windowse,
03:13
and asked them to speak into it.
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i zatražio da govore programu.
03:15
So when they spoke into it,
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Kada su govorili programu,
03:17
the computer typed out gibberish,
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on je to pretvarao u zbrčkani tekst,
03:19
so they said, "Well, it doesn't understand anything of what we are saying."
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pa su djeca rekla: "Dakle, on ne razumije ništa što mi kažemo."
03:21
So I said, "Yeah, I'll leave it here for two months.
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A ja sam odgovorio: "Da, ostavit ću ga ovdje dva mejseca.
03:23
Make yourself understood
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Pobrinite se da vas
03:25
to the computer."
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računalo razumije."
03:27
So the children said, "How do we do that."
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A djeca su rekla: "Kako da to postignemo?"
03:29
And I said,
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A ja sam odgovorio:
03:31
"I don't know, actually."
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"Zapravo, nemam pojma."
03:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:35
And I left.
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I otišao.
03:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:40
Two months later --
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Dva mjeseca kasnije --
03:42
and this is now documented
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a to je sada dokumentirano
03:44
in the Information Technology
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u časopisu "Informacijske tehnologije
03:46
for International Development journal --
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za međunarodni razvoj" --
03:48
that accents had changed
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njihov se naglasak promijenio
03:50
and were remarkably close to the neutral British accent
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i postao zapanjujuće blizak neutralnom britanskom naglasku
03:53
in which I had trained the speech-to-text synthesizer.
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u kojem sam izvježbao program.
03:56
In other words, they were all speaking like James Tooley.
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Drugim riječima, svi su govorili kao James Tooley.
03:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:01
So they could do that on their own.
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Dakle, oni su to postigli sasvim sami.
04:03
After that, I started to experiment
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Nakon toga sam počeo eksperimentirati
04:05
with various other things
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s raznim drugim stvarima
04:07
that they might learn to do on their own.
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koje bi oni mogli naučiti sami.
04:09
I got an interesting phone call once from Columbo,
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Jednom sam dobio zanimljiv telefonski poziv i Colomba,
04:12
from the late Arthur C. Clarke,
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od pokojnog Artura C. Clarkea,
04:14
who said, "I want to see what's going on."
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koji mi je rekao: "Želim vidjeti što se događa."
04:16
And he couldn't travel, so I went over there.
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Kako on nije mogao putovati, ja sam otišao onamo.
04:19
He said two interesting things,
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Rekao mi je dvije zanimljive stvari,
04:21
"A teacher that can be replaced by a machine should be."
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"Učitelj kojeg može zamijeniti računalo i treba biti zamijenjen."
04:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:28
The second thing he said was that,
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Druga stvar koju mi je rekao je:
04:30
"If children have interest,
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"Ako su djeca zainteresirana,
04:32
then education happens."
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onda se obrazovanje događa."
04:35
And I was doing that in the field,
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I to sam ja radio na terenu,
04:37
so every time I would watch it and think of him.
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svaki put kad sam to vidio, sjetio sam se njega.
04:39
(Video) Arthur C. Clarke: And they can definitely
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(Video) Arthur C. Clarke: "Ona definitivno
04:42
help people,
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pomažu ljudima,
04:44
because children quickly learn to navigate
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jer djeca brzo nauče navigirati
04:46
the web and find things which interest them.
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i pronalaze stvari koje ih zanimaju.
04:49
And when you've got interest, then you have education.
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A kada imate interes, imate i obrazovanje."
04:52
Sugata Mitra: I took the experiment to South Africa.
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Sugata Mitra: Prenio sam eksperiment u Južnu Afriku.
04:55
This is a 15 year-old boy.
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Ovo je 15-godišnji dječak.
04:57
(Video) Boy: ... just mention, I play games
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(Video) Dječak: "...baš sam rekao, igram igrice
05:00
like animals,
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poput životinja,
05:03
and I listen to music.
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i slušam glazbu."
05:06
SM: And I asked him, "Do you send emails?"
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SM: A ja sam ga pitao: "Šalješ li e-poštu?"
05:08
And he said, "Yes, and they hop across the ocean."
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A on je odgovorio: "Da, i oni preskoče ocean."
05:12
This is in Cambodia,
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Ovo je u Kambođi,
05:14
rural Cambodia --
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ruralna Kambođa --
05:17
a fairly silly arithmetic game,
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prilično blesasta računska igrica,
05:20
which no child would play inside the classroom or at home.
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koju ni jedno dijete ne bi igralo u razredu ili kod kuće.
05:22
They would, you know, throw it back at you.
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Znate, bacili bi vam je nazad.
05:24
They'd say, "This is very boring."
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Rekli bi: "Ovo je dosadno."
05:26
If you leave it on the pavement
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Ako ju ostavite na pločniku,
05:28
and if all the adults go away,
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i ako svi odrasli otiđu,
05:30
then they will show off with each other
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onda će se jedni pred drugima praviti važni
05:32
about what they can do.
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pokazujući što znaju i mogu.
05:34
This is what these children are doing.
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To rade ova djeca.
05:36
They are trying to multiply, I think.
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Pokušavaju množiti, čini mi se.
05:39
And all over India,
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U cijeloj Indiji
05:41
at the end of about two years,
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u roku od dvije godine
05:43
children were beginning to Google their homework.
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djeca su počela koristiti Google za svoje zadaće.
05:46
As a result, the teachers reported
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Kao rezultat, učitelji izvještavaju
05:48
tremendous improvements in their English --
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o ogromnom napretku u njihovom Engleskom --
05:50
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:54
rapid improvement and all sorts of things.
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brza poboljšanja i još puno drugih stvari.
05:56
They said, "They have become really deep thinkers and so on and so forth.
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Rekli su: "Počeli su doista duboko razmišljati o stvarima."
05:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:02
And indeed they had.
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I zaista jesu.
06:04
I mean, if there's stuff on Google,
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Mislim, ako postoji informacija na Googleu,
06:06
why would you need to stuff it into your head?
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zašto biste ju trebali trpati u svoju glavu?
06:10
So at the end of the next four years,
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I tako, na kraju sljedeće četiri godine,
06:12
I decided that groups of children can navigate the internet
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zaključio sam kako grupa djece može navigirati Internetom
06:15
to achieve educational objectives on their own.
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kako bi postigli obrazovne ciljeve sami.
06:18
At that time, a large amount of money
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U tom trenutku, mnogo je novaca došlo na
06:20
had come into Newcastle University
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Sveučilište Newcastle
06:22
to improve schooling in India.
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za poboljšanje obrazovanja u Indiji.
06:25
So Newcastle gave me a call. I said, "I'll do it from Delhi."
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Pa su me iz Newcastle-a nazvali, a ja sam odgovorio: "Učinit ću to iz Delhija."
06:28
They said, "There's no way you're going to handle
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Oni su rakli: "Nema šanse da upravljate
06:30
a million pounds-worth of University money
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sa sveučilišnih milijun funti
06:33
sitting in Delhi."
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sjedeći u Delhiju."
06:35
So in 2006,
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Zato sam si 2006.
06:37
I bought myself a heavy overcoat
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kupio debeli kaput
06:39
and moved to Newcastle.
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i preselio se u Newcastle.
06:42
I wanted to test the limits
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Htio sam ispitati
06:44
of the system.
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granice sustava.
06:46
The first experiment I did out of Newcastle
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Prvi eksperiment koji sam napravio iz Newcastle-a
06:48
was actually done in India.
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je zapravo napravljen u Indiji.
06:50
And I set myself and impossible target:
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A zadao sam si nemoguć cilj:
06:53
can Tamil speaking
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mogu li 12-ogodišnja djeca
06:56
12-year-old children
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koja govore Tamilski
06:58
in a South Indian village
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u selu u južnoj Indiji
07:01
teach themselves biotechnology
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sami sebe poučiti biotehnologiji
07:03
in English on their own?
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na Engleskom jeziku bez ičije pomoći?
07:05
And I thought, I'll test them, they'll get a zero --
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I mislio sam: "Testirat ću ih. Dobit će nulu.
07:08
I'll give the materials, I'll come back and test them --
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Dati ću im materijale. Vrati ću se i ponovo ih testirati.
07:10
they get another zero,
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Opet će dobiti nulu.
07:12
I'll go back and say, "Yes, we need teachers for certain things."
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Vratit ću se nazad i izvijestiti: "Da, za neke stvari trebamo učitelje."
07:16
I called in 26 children.
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Pozvao sam 26-toro djece.
07:18
They all came in there, and I told them
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Svi su došli, a ja sam im rekao
07:20
that there's some really difficult stuff on this computer.
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da na tom računalu postoje neke jako teške stvari.
07:22
I wouldn't be surprised if you didn't understand anything.
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Ne bih se iznenadio da ništa ne shvatite.
07:25
It's all in English, and I'm going.
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Sve je na Engleskom, a ja sad idem.
07:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:30
So I left them with it.
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I tako sam ih ostavio s računalom.
07:32
I came back after two months,
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Vratio sam se nakon dva mjeseca,
07:34
and the 26 children marched in looking very, very quiet.
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a 26-toro djece je ušlo, vrlo tihi i mirni.
07:36
I said, "Well, did you look at any of the stuff?"
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Pitao sam ih: "Onda, jeste li što od onog pogledali?"
07:39
They said, "Yes, we did."
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Odgovoriše: "Jesmo."
07:41
"Did you understand anything?" "No, nothing."
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"Jeste li išta razumjeli?" "Ne, ništa."
07:44
So I said,
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Pa sam ih pitao:
07:46
"Well, how long did you practice on it
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"Dobro, koliko ste vježbali
07:48
before you decided you understood nothing?"
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prije nego što ste odlučili da ništa ne razumijete?"
07:50
They said, "We look at it every day."
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Rekoše: "Gledali smo svaki dan."
07:53
So I said, "For two months, you were looking at stuff you didn't understand?"
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"Zar ste dva mjeseca svaki dan gledali stvari koje ne razumijete?"
07:55
So a 12 year-old girl raises her hand and says,
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Tad je 12-togodišnja djevojčica digla ruku i rekla,
07:57
literally,
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doslovce:
08:00
"Apart from the fact that improper replication of the DNA molecule
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"Osim činjenice da nepravilno umnažanje DNK molekule
08:03
causes genetic disease,
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uzrokuje genetska oboljenja,
08:05
we've understood nothing else."
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ništa drugo nismo razumjeli."
08:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:19
It took me three years to publish that.
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Trebale su mi tri godine da to objavim.
08:21
It's just been published in the British Journal of Educational Technology.
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Upravo je objavljeno u britanskom Journal of Educational Technology.
08:24
One of the referees who refereed the paper said,
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Jedan od recenzenata tog članka je rekao:
08:27
"It's too good to be true,"
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"To je predobro da bi bilo istinito,"
08:30
which was not very nice.
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što nije lijepo od njega.
08:32
Well, one of the girls had taught herself
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No, jedna od djevojčica se sama naučila
08:34
to become the teacher.
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da bude učiteljica.
08:36
And then that's her over there.
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To je ona.
08:46
Remember, they don't study English.
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Sjetite se, oni ne uče Engleski.
09:01
I edited out the last bit when I asked, "Where is the neuron?"
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Ovdje sam izrezao dio u kojem sam pitao: "Što je neuron?"
09:04
and she says, "The neuron? The neuron,"
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a ona kaže: "Neuron? Neuron?"
09:06
and then she looked and did this.
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A onda me pogledala i učinila ovo.
09:09
Whatever the expression, it was not very nice.
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Ma što da je time mislila, nije pristojno.
09:12
So their scores had gone up from zero to 30 percent,
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Njihove ocjene su porasle od nule na 30%,
09:15
which is an educational impossibility under the circumstances.
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što je nemoguće s obzirom na okolnosti.
09:18
But 30 percent is not a pass.
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No, 30% nije dovoljno za prolaz.
09:21
So I found that they had a friend,
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Pa sam otkrio da imaju prijateljicu,
09:23
a local accountant, a young girl,
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lokalnu računovodkinju, mladu djevojku,
09:25
and they played football with her.
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s kojom su igrali nogomet.
09:27
I asked that girl, "Would you teach them
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Pitao sam ju: "Bi li ih htjela poučavati
09:29
enough biotechnology to pass?"
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biotehnologiju dovoljno da dobiju prolaznu ocjenu?"
09:31
And she said, "How would I do that? I don't know the subject."
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A ona je odgovorila: "Kako da to učinim, kad ništa ne znam o toj temi?"
09:33
I said, "No, use the method of the grandmother."
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Odgovorio sam: "Ne, samo primjeni bakinu metodu."
09:35
She said, "What's that?"
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Upitala je: "Što je to?"
09:37
I said, "Well, what you've got to do
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Odgovorio sam: "No, ono što trebaš raditi
09:39
is stand behind them
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jest stajati iza njih
09:41
and admire them all the time.
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i diviti im se cijelo vrijeme.
09:44
Just say to them, 'That's cool. That's fantastic.
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Samo im govori: "To je cool. To je fantastično.
09:46
What is that? Can you do that again? Can you show me some more?'"
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Što je to? Možete li to ponoviti? Možete li mi još nešto pokazati?"
09:49
She did that for two months.
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Ona je to radila dva mjeseca.
09:51
The scores went up to 50,
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Ocjene su porasle na 50%.
09:53
which is what the posh schools of New Delhi,
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koliko postižu šminkerske škole u New Delhiju
09:55
with a trained biotechnology teacher were getting.
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s obrazovanim učiteljem biotehnhologije.
09:58
So I came back to Newcastle
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Vratio sam se u Newcastle
10:00
with these results
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s tim rezultatima
10:02
and decided
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i odlučio
10:04
that there was something happening here
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da u svemu tome ima nešto
10:06
that definitely was getting very serious.
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što definitivno postaje vrlo ozbiljno.
10:10
So, having experimented in all sorts of remote places,
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Tako sam, eksperimentirajući na brojnim zabačenim mejstima,
10:13
I came to the most remote place that I could think of.
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došao do najzabačenijeg mjesta kojeg sam se mogao sjetiti.
10:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:19
Approximately 5,000 miles from Delhi
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Otprilike 8,000 km od Delhija
10:22
is the little town of Gateshead.
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nalazi se gradić Gateshead.
10:24
In Gateshead, I took 32 children
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U Gatesheadu sam uzeo 32 djece,
10:27
and I started to fine-tune the method.
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i počeo usavršavati metodu.
10:30
I made them into groups of four.
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Podijelio sam ih u grupe po četiri.
10:33
I said, "You make your own groups of four.
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Rekao sam im: "Sami se podijelite u grupe po četiri.
10:35
Each group of four can use one computer and not four computers."
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Svaka grupa od četiri učenika može koristiti samo jedno računalo."
10:38
Remember, from the Hole in the Wall.
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Sjetite se računala u zidu.
10:41
"You can exchange groups.
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"Smijete se preseliti u drugu grupu.
10:43
You can walk across to another group,
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Smijete odšetati do druge grupe,
10:45
if you don't like your group, etc.
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ako vam se ne sviđa vaša grupa, i slično.
10:47
You can go to another group, peer over their shoulders, see what they're doing,
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Možete otići do druge grupe, viriti preko njihovih ramena, vidjeti što rade,
10:50
come back to you own group and claim it as your own work."
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vratiti se u svoju grupu i tvrditi da je to vaša ideja."
10:53
And I explained to them
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I objasnio sam im
10:55
that, you know, a lot of scientific research is done using that method.
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da se, znate, mnogo znanstvenog rada događa na taj način.
10:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
11:00
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:07
The children enthusiastically got after me and said,
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Djeca su bila entuzijastična i pitala su:
11:09
"Now, what do you want us to do?"
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"Što želite da učinimo?"
11:11
I gave them six GCSE questions.
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Dao sam im šest GCSE (britanski nacionalni ispit) pitanja.
11:14
The first group -- the best one --
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Prva skupina, najbolja,
11:16
solved everything in 20 minutes.
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sve je riješila u 20 minuta.
11:18
The worst, in 45.
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Najslabija, u 45.
11:21
They used everything that they knew --
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Koristili su sve što su znali --
11:23
news groups, Google, Wikipedia,
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News grupe, Google, Wikipediju,
11:25
Ask Jeeves, etc.
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Ask Jeeves itd.
11:27
The teachers said, "Is this deep learning?"
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Učitelji su me pitali: "Je li to dubinsko učenje?"
11:30
I said, "Well, let's try it.
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"Provjerimo" - odgovorio sam.
11:32
I'll come back after two months.
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Doći ću za dva mjeseca.
11:34
We'll give them a paper test --
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Dat ćemo im pisani ispit --
11:36
no computers, no talking to each other, etc."
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bez računala, bez razgovora itd."
11:38
The average score when I'd done it with the computers and the groups
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Prosječna ocjena kada su imali računala i radili kao grupa
11:40
was 76 percent.
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bila je 76%.
11:42
When I did the experiment, when I did the test,
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Kada sam ponovio ispit,
11:44
after two months, the score
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nakon dva mjeseca,
11:47
was 76 percent.
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ocjena je bila 76%.
11:50
There was photographic recall
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Imali su fotografsku memoriju
11:52
inside the children,
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u sebi,
11:54
I suspect because they're discussing with each other.
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pretpostavljam zato što su razgovarali o tome dok su učili.
11:57
A single child in front of a single computer
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Jedno dijete, samo pred računalom
11:59
will not do that.
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neće uspjeti tako dobro.
12:01
I have further results,
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Imam i daljnje rezultate,
12:03
which are almost unbelievable,
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koji su nevjerojatni,
12:05
of scores which go up with time.
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ocjena koje rastu kako vrijeme prolazi.
12:07
Because their teachers say
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Njihovi učitelji kažu
12:09
that after the session is over,
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da nakon nastave,
12:11
the children continue to Google further.
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djeca i dalje koriste Google.
12:14
Here in Britain, I put out a call
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Ovdje u Britaniji, odaslao sam poziv
12:16
for British grandmothers,
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britanskim bakama,
12:18
after my Kuppam experiment.
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nakon mog eksperimenta u Gatesheadu.
12:20
Well, you know,
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Znate,
12:22
they're very vigorous people, British grandmothers.
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one su živahne, britanske bake.
12:24
200 of them volunteered immediately.
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200 ih se odmah dobrovoljno prijavilo.
12:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:28
The deal was that they would give me
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Dogovor je bio da mi daju
12:31
one hour of broadband time,
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jedan sat na Internetu,
12:33
sitting in their homes,
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sjedeći kod kuće,
12:35
one day in a week.
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jedan dan u tjednu.
12:37
So they did that,
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I one su to učinile.
12:39
and over the last two years,
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U posljednje dvije godine
12:41
over 600 hours of instruction
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više od 600 sati poduke
12:43
has happened over Skype,
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se održalo putem Skype-a,
12:45
using what my students call the granny cloud.
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koristeći ono što moju učenici zovu "baka oblak".
12:48
The granny cloud sits over there.
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Oblak baka sjedi ovdje.
12:51
I can beam them to whichever school I want to.
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Mogu ih teleportirati u bilo koju školu poželim.
13:00
(Video) Teacher: You can't catch me.
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(Video) Učiteljica: Ne možete me uhvatiti.
13:02
You say it.
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Sad vi to izgovorite.
13:05
You can't catch me.
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Ne možete me uhvatiti.
13:08
Children: You can't catch me.
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Djeca: Ne možete me uhvatiti.
13:11
Teacher: I'm the gingerbread man.
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Učiteljica: Ja sam čovječuljak od paprenjaka.
13:14
Children: I'm the gingerbread man.
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Djeca: Ja sam čovječuljak od paprenjaka.
13:16
Teacher: Well done. Very good ...
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Učiteljica: Izvrsno, Jako dobro...
13:24
SM: Back at Gateshead,
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SM: U Gatesheadu,
13:26
a 10-year-old girl gets into the heart of Hinduism
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10togodišnaj djevojčica dopire do srži Hinduizma
13:28
in 15 minutes.
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u 15 minuta.
13:30
You know, stuff which I don't know anything about.
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Znate, stvari o kojima ja pojma nemam.
13:36
Two children watch a TEDTalk.
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Dva dječaka prate TEDTalk.
13:38
They wanted to be footballers before.
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Htjeli su biti nogometaši, prije toga.
13:40
After watching eight TEDTalks,
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Nakon praćenja 8 TEDtalk-a,
13:42
he wants to become Leonardo da Vinci.
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želi postati Leonardo da Vinci.
13:45
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:48
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
13:51
It's pretty simple stuff.
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To je sve prilično jednostavno.
13:53
This is what I'm building now --
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Ovo sada gradim.
13:55
they're called SOLEs: Self Organized Learning Environments.
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Zovu ih SOUO - Samo organizirajući učeći okoliš. (eng. SOLE - Self Organized Learning Environments)
13:58
The furniture is designed
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Namještaj je tako projektiran
14:00
so that children can sit in front of big, powerful screens,
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da djeca mogu sjediti ispred velikog moćnog zaslona,
14:03
big broadband connections, but in groups.
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s vrlo brzom vezom s Internetom, ali u grupama.
14:06
If they want, they can call the granny cloud.
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Ako žele, mogu pozvati oblak baka.
14:09
This is a SOLE in Newcastle.
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Ovo je SOUO u Newcastleu.
14:11
The mediator is from Pune, India.
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Medijator je iz [nejasno], Indije.
14:13
So how far can we go? One last little bit and I'll stop.
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Kuda sve to vodi? Još samo jedna stvar i onda ću završiti.
14:16
I went to Turin in May.
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U svibnju sam otišao u Torino.
14:20
I sent all the teachers away from my group of 10 year-old students.
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Maknuo sam sve učitelje od moje skupine desetogodišnjaka.
14:24
I speak only English, they speak only Italian,
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Ja znam samo engleski, a oni samo talijanski,
14:27
so we had no way to communicate.
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pa nismo imali načina za komunikaciju.
14:29
I started writing English questions on the blackboard.
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Počeo sam pisati pitanja na ploču na engleskom.
14:33
The children looked at it and said, "What?"
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Djeca su promatrala i pitala: "Što?"
14:35
I said, "Well, do it."
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A ja sam odgovorio: "Dobro, učinite to".
14:37
They typed it into Google, translated it into Italian,
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Pretipkali su pitanje u Google, preveli na talijanski,
14:40
went back into Italian Google.
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otišli na talijanski Google.
14:42
Fifteen minutes later --
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15 minuta kasnije...
14:52
next question: where is Calcutta?
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Sljedeće pitanje: "Gdje je Calcuta?"
14:57
This one, they took only 10 minutes.
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Za ovo pitanje im je trebalo samo 10 minuta.
15:04
I tried a really hard one then.
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Onda sam pokušao stvarno teško pitanje.
15:07
Who was Pythagoras, and what did he do?
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"Tko je bio Pitagora i što je napravio?"
15:12
There was silence for a while,
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Jedno je vrijeme bila tišina,
15:14
then they said, "You've spelled it wrong.
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a onda su mi rekli: "Imate grešku.
15:16
It's Pitagora."
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Krivo ste napisali 'Pitagora'."
15:23
And then,
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A onda,
15:25
in 20 minutes,
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nakon 20 minuta,
15:27
the right-angled triangles began to appear on the screens.
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pravokutni trokuti su se počeli pojavljivati na ekranima.
15:29
This sent shivers up my spine.
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Od toga su mi došli žmarci.
15:32
These are 10 year-olds.
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Ovo su desetogodišnjaci.
15:47
Text: In another 30 minutes they would reach the Theory of Relativity. And then?
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Tekst: "U 30 min došli bi do teorije relativnosti. A onda ?"
15:50
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
15:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:01
SM: So you know what's happened?
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SM: Znate li što se dogodilo?
16:03
I think we've just stumbled across
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Mislim da smo upravo nabasali
16:05
a self-organizing system.
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na samo-organizirajući sustav.
16:07
A self-organizing system is one
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Samo-organizirajući sustav je onaj
16:09
where a structure appears
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u kojem se pojavljuju strukture
16:11
without explicit intervention from the outside.
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bez izričitog miješanja izvana.
16:14
Self-organizing systems also always show emergence,
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Samo-organizirajući sustav uvijek demonstrira nastajanje,
16:17
which is that the system starts to do things,
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jer sustav uvijek počne raditi stvari
16:19
which it was never designed for.
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za koje nije bio izriječno projektiran.
16:21
Which is why you react the way you do,
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Zbog toga vi i reagirate ovako,
16:23
because it looks impossible.
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jer sve to izgleda nemoguće.
16:26
I think I can make a guess now --
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Mislim da sada mogu iznijeti pretpostavku:
16:29
education is self-organizing system,
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"Obrazovanje je samo-organizirajući sustav,
16:31
where learning is an emergent phenomenon.
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u kojem je učenje nepredvidljivi fenomen."
16:33
It'll take a few years to prove it, experimentally,
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Trebati će nam nekoliko godina da to dokažemo,
16:35
but I'm going to try.
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eksperimentalno, ali ću ja to pokušati.
16:37
But in the meanwhile, there is a method available.
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U međuvremenu, postoji dostupna metoda.
16:40
One billion children, we need 100 million mediators --
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Milijarda djece, treba nam 100 milijuna medijatora --
16:43
there are many more than that on the planet --
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ima ih i puno više na ovoj planeti --
16:45
10 million SOLEs,
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10 milijuna SOUO-a,
16:47
180 billion dollars and 10 years.
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180 milijardi dolara i 10 godina.
16:51
We could change everything.
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Sve bismo mogli promijeniti.
16:53
Thanks.
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Hvala.
16:55
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sugata Mitra - Education researcherEducational researcher Sugata Mitra is the winner of the 2013 TED Prize. His wish: Build a School in the Cloud, where children can explore and learn from one another.
Why you should listen
In 1999, Sugata Mitra and his colleagues dug a hole in a wall bordering an urban slum in New Delhi, installed an Internet-connected PC and left it there, with a hidden camera filming the area. What they saw: kids from the slum playing with the computer and, in the process, learning how to use it -- then teaching each other. These famed “Hole in the Wall” experiments demonstrated that, in the absence of supervision and formal teaching, children can teach themselves and each other -- if they’re motivated by curiosity. Mitra, now a professor of educational technology at Newcastle University, called it "minimally invasive education."
Mitra thinks self-organized learning will shape the future of education. At TED2013, he made a bold TED Prize wish: Help me build a School in the Cloud where children can explore and learn on their own -- and teach one another -- using resouces from the worldwide cloud.
The School in the Cloud now includes seven physical locations -- five in India and two in the UK. At the same time, the School in the Cloud online platform lets students participate anywhere, with partner learning labs and programs in countries like Colombia, Pakistan and Greece. In 2016, Mitra held the first School in the Cloud conference in India. He shared that more than 16,000 SOLE sessions had taken place so far, with kids all around the world dipping their toes in this new education model.
Sugata Mitra | Speaker | TED.com