TEDSummit 2019
Sandeep Jauhar: How your emotions change the shape of your heart
Sandeep Jauhar: Bagaimana emosi mengubah bentuk jantung Anda
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"Rekaman kehidupan emosional kita tertulis di jantung kita," kata ahli jantung dan penulis Sandeep Jauhar. Dalam pembicaraan yang menakjubkan ini, dia mengeksplorasi cara-cara misterius emosi kita mempengaruhi kesehatan jantung kita--menyebabkan jantung kita berubah bentuk karena kesedihan atau ketakutan, hingga benar-benar hancur karena patah hati -- dan meminta kita mengubah cara kita menjaga organ kita yang paling penting.
Sandeep Jauhar - Physician, writer
Sandeep Jauhar is a practicing cardiologist passionate about communicating medicine in all its glorious, quirky, inescapable humanity. Full bio
Sandeep Jauhar is a practicing cardiologist passionate about communicating medicine in all its glorious, quirky, inescapable humanity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
No other organ,
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Tidak ada organ lain,
00:14
perhaps no other object in human life,
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mungkin tidak ada objek lain di hidup ini,
00:18
is as imbued with metaphor
and meaning as the human heart.
and meaning as the human heart.
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yang kaya akan metafora dan makna
seperti jantung manusia.
seperti jantung manusia.
00:23
Over the course of history,
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Sejak dulu,
00:24
the heart has been a symbol
of our emotional lives.
of our emotional lives.
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jantung telah menjadi simbol kehidupan
emosional kita.
emosional kita.
00:28
It was considered by many
to be the seat of the soul,
to be the seat of the soul,
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Banyak yang menganggap bahwa jantung
adalah tempat jiwa kita berada,
adalah tempat jiwa kita berada,
00:32
the repository of the emotions.
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gudang emosi-emosi.
00:35
The very word "emotion" stems in part
from the French verb "émouvoir,"
from the French verb "émouvoir,"
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Kata "emosi" sebagian diturunkan dari
kata bahasa Prancis "émouvoir",
kata bahasa Prancis "émouvoir",
00:42
meaning "to stir up."
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yang berarti "menggerakkan".
00:44
And perhaps it's only logical
that emotions would be linked to an organ
that emotions would be linked to an organ
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Dan mungkin masuk akal kalau emosi
berkaitan dengan sebuah organ
berkaitan dengan sebuah organ
00:48
characterized by its agitated movement.
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yang dibedakan dengan gerakan berdetaknya.
00:51
But what is this link?
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Apa sebenarnya hubungan ini?
00:53
Is it real or purely metaphorical?
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Apakah ini nyata atau murni metaforis?
00:57
As a heart specialist,
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Sebagai ahli jantung,
00:59
I am here today to tell you
that this link is very real.
that this link is very real.
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Hari ini saya ingin memberi tahu Anda
bahwa hubungan ini sangat nyata.
bahwa hubungan ini sangat nyata.
01:05
Emotions, you will learn,
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Anda akan belajar bahwa emosi
01:07
can and do have a direct
physical effect on the human heart.
physical effect on the human heart.
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bisa dan benar-benar memiliki efek fisik
langsung pada jantung manusia.
langsung pada jantung manusia.
01:14
But before we get into this,
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Tapi sebelum kita bahas ini,
01:15
let's talk a bit about
the metaphorical heart.
the metaphorical heart.
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ayo kita bicara sedikit tentang
jantung metaforis.
jantung metaforis.
01:18
The symbolism of the emotional heart
endures even today.
endures even today.
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Simbol dari jantung emosional masih
bertahan sampai hari ini.
bertahan sampai hari ini.
01:23
If we ask people which image
they most associate with love,
they most associate with love,
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Jika kita tanyakan orang gambar mana yang
paling sering mereka kaitkan dengan cinta,
paling sering mereka kaitkan dengan cinta,
01:28
there's no question that the Valentine
heart would the top the list.
heart would the top the list.
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Bentuk hati Valentine pasti jadi jawaban
paling populer.
paling populer.
01:33
The heart shape, called a cardioid,
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Bentuk jantung, yang disebut cardiodid,
01:36
is common in nature.
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sangat umum ditemukan.
01:38
It's found in the leaves,
flowers and seeds of many plants,
flowers and seeds of many plants,
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Banyak ditemukan di daun, bunga,
dan biji banyak tanaman,
dan biji banyak tanaman,
01:43
including silphium,
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termasuk silphium,
01:45
which was used for birth control
in the Middle Ages
in the Middle Ages
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yang dipakai sebagai pengendalian
kelahiran di pertengahan abad
kelahiran di pertengahan abad
01:48
and perhaps is the reason why
the heart became associated
the heart became associated
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dan mungkin adalah alasan mengapa
hati diasosiasikan dengan
hati diasosiasikan dengan
01:52
with sex and romantic love.
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hubungan seksual dan cinta romantis.
01:55
Whatever the reason,
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Apapun alasannya,
01:57
hearts began to appear in paintings
of lovers in the 13th century.
of lovers in the 13th century.
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bentuk hati mulai muncul di
lukisan-lukisan kekasih di abad ke-13.
lukisan-lukisan kekasih di abad ke-13.
02:02
Over time, the pictures
came to be colored red,
came to be colored red,
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Seiring waktu, gambar-gambar
diwarnai warna merah,
diwarnai warna merah,
02:06
the color of blood,
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warna darah,
02:08
a symbol of passion.
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suatu simbol gairah.
02:09
In the Roman Catholic Church,
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Di Gereja Katolik Roma,
02:11
the heart shape became known
as the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
as the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
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bentuk hati mulai dikenal sebagai
Hati Kudus Yesus.
Hati Kudus Yesus.
02:16
Adorned with thorns
and emitting ethereal light,
and emitting ethereal light,
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Dihiasi dengan duri
dan memancarkan cahaya halus,
dan memancarkan cahaya halus,
02:20
it became an insignia of monastic love.
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itu menjadi lambang cinta monastik.
02:24
This association between the heart
and love has withstood modernity.
and love has withstood modernity.
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Asosiasi jantung dengan cinta masih
bertahan sampai sekarang.
bertahan sampai sekarang.
02:28
When Barney Clark, a retired dentist
with end-stage heart failure,
with end-stage heart failure,
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Saat Barney Clark, dokter gigi pensiun
yang mengidap stadium akhir gagal jantung,
yang mengidap stadium akhir gagal jantung,
02:34
received the first permanent
artificial heart in Utah in 1982,
artificial heart in Utah in 1982,
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menerima jantung artifisial permanen
pertama di Utah tahun 1982,
pertama di Utah tahun 1982,
02:39
his wife of 39 years
reportedly asked the doctors,
reportedly asked the doctors,
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istrinya selama 39 tahun bertanya
kepada dokter,
kepada dokter,
02:45
"Will he still be able to love me?"
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"Apa dia masih bisa cinta sama saya?"
02:48
Today, we know that the heart
is not the source of love
is not the source of love
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Di zaman ini, kita tahu kalau jantung
bukan sumber dari cinta
bukan sumber dari cinta
02:52
or the other emotions, per se;
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atau emosi-emosi lain;
02:54
the ancients were mistaken.
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orang zaman dulu salah.
02:55
And yet, more and more,
we have come to understand
we have come to understand
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Namun, semakin banyak,
kita telah memahami bahwa
kita telah memahami bahwa
02:58
that the connection between the heart
and the emotions is a highly intimate one.
and the emotions is a highly intimate one.
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hubungan antara jantung dan emosi adalah
hubungan yang sangat intim.
hubungan yang sangat intim.
03:03
The heart may not originate our feelings,
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Jantung mungkin bukan sumber
perasaan kita,
perasaan kita,
03:06
but it is highly responsive to them.
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tapi jantung sangat responsif pada
perasaan.
perasaan.
03:08
In a sense, a record of our emotional life
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Dalam beberapa hal,
rekaman dari hidup emosional kita,
rekaman dari hidup emosional kita,
03:11
is written on our hearts.
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tertulis di hati kita.
03:13
Fear and grief, for example,
can cause profound cardiac injury.
can cause profound cardiac injury.
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Sebagai contoh, rasa takut dan sedih bisa
menyebabkan cedera jantung yang parah.
menyebabkan cedera jantung yang parah.
03:18
The nerves that control unconscious
processes such as the heartbeat
processes such as the heartbeat
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Saraf yang mengontrol proses tidak sadar
seperti detak jantung
seperti detak jantung
03:23
can sense distress
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bisa merasakan kesulitan kita
03:25
and trigger a maladaptive
fight-or-flight response
fight-or-flight response
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dan memicu respons maladaptive
flight-or-flight
flight-or-flight
03:30
that triggers blood vessels to constrict,
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yang memicu pengerutan pembuluh darah,
03:33
the heart to gallop
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berpacunya jantung,
03:35
and blood pressure to rise,
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dan naiknya tekanan darah,
03:37
resulting in damage.
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yang mengakibatkan kerusakan.
03:39
In other words,
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Dengan kata lain,
03:41
it is increasingly clear
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sangat jelas bahwa,
03:44
that our hearts are extraordinarily
sensitive to our emotional system,
sensitive to our emotional system,
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jantung kita sangat sensitif dengan
sistem emosional kita,
sistem emosional kita,
03:49
to the metaphorical heart, if you will.
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sebut saja, jantung metaforik.
03:52
There is a heart disorder
first recognized about two decades ago
first recognized about two decades ago
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Ada kelainan jantung yang pertama kali
ditemukan 20 tahun lalu
ditemukan 20 tahun lalu
03:56
called "takotsubo cardiomyopathy,"
or "the broken heart syndrome,"
or "the broken heart syndrome,"
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dinamakan "takotsubo cardiomyopathy"
atau "sindrom patah hati,"
atau "sindrom patah hati,"
04:01
in which the heart acutely weakens
in response to intense stress or grief,
in response to intense stress or grief,
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yang membuat jantung melemah akut
karena stres atau kesedihan yang intens,
karena stres atau kesedihan yang intens,
04:08
such as after a romantic breakup
or the death of a loved one.
or the death of a loved one.
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seperti putus dengan pacar atau
kematian orang yang Anda cintai.
kematian orang yang Anda cintai.
04:11
As these pictures show,
the grieving heart in the middle
the grieving heart in the middle
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Seperti di gambar ini,
jantung di tengah yang penuh kesedihan
jantung di tengah yang penuh kesedihan
04:15
looks very different
than the normal heart on the left.
than the normal heart on the left.
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terlihat sangat berbeda dengan jantung
yang normal di kiri.
yang normal di kiri.
04:18
It appears stunned
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Jantung ini terlihat syok
04:20
and frequently balloons into
the distinctive shape of a takotsubo,
the distinctive shape of a takotsubo,
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dan seringkali membesar hingga menyerupai
bentuk khas takotsubo,
bentuk khas takotsubo,
04:24
shown on the right,
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seperti di sisi kanan,
04:25
a Japanese pot with a wide base
and a narrow neck.
and a narrow neck.
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pot dari Jepang dengan dasar lebar
dan leher yang kecil.
dan leher yang kecil.
04:29
We don't know exactly why this happens,
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Kita masih tidak tahu
mengapa ini bisa terjadi,
mengapa ini bisa terjadi,
04:32
and the syndrome usually resolves
within a few weeks.
within a few weeks.
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dan gejalanya biasa sembuh
dalam beberapa minggu.
dalam beberapa minggu.
04:35
However, in the acute period,
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Namun, dalam kondisi akut,
04:37
it can cause heart failure,
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itu bisa menyebabkan gagal jantung,
04:40
life-threatening arrhythmias,
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aritmia yang mengancam nyawa,
04:42
even death.
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bahkan kematian.
04:43
For example, the husband
of an elderly patient of mine
of an elderly patient of mine
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Contohnya, suami dari pasien lansia saya
04:49
had died recently.
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belum lama ini meninggal.
04:51
She was sad, of course, but accepting.
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Dia pastinya sedih, tapi dia juga
menerima nasib.
menerima nasib.
04:55
Maybe even a bit relieved.
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Bahkan mungkin sedikit lega.
04:57
It had been a very long illness;
he'd had dementia.
he'd had dementia.
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Suaminya sudah lumayan lama
menderita demensia.
menderita demensia.
05:00
But a week after the funeral,
she looked at his picture
she looked at his picture
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Tapi seminggu setelah upacara pemakaman,
dia melihat gambar suaminya
dia melihat gambar suaminya
05:04
and became tearful.
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dan matanya mulai berair.
05:06
And then she developed chest pain,
and with it, came shortness of breath,
and with it, came shortness of breath,
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Lalu dia mulai mengalami nyeri dada,
dan dengan itu, dia mulai sesak nafas,
dan dengan itu, dia mulai sesak nafas,
05:11
distended neck veins, a sweaty brow,
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urat leher gembung, alis berkeringat,
05:14
a noticeable panting
as she was sitting up in a chair --
as she was sitting up in a chair --
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terengah-engah selagi dia duduk di kursi--
05:18
all signs of heart failure.
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semua tanda-tanda kegagalan jantung.
05:23
She was admitted to the hospital,
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Dia dirawat inap di rumah sakit,
05:25
where an ultrasound confirmed
what we already suspected:
what we already suspected:
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dan ultrasound mengonfirmasi apa
yang kita telah duga;
yang kita telah duga;
05:29
her heart had weakened
to less than half its normal capacity
to less than half its normal capacity
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jantungnya telah melemah hingga
kurang dari setengah kapasitas normalnya
kurang dari setengah kapasitas normalnya
05:36
and had ballooned into
the distinctive shape of a takotsubo.
the distinctive shape of a takotsubo.
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dan telah menggelembung menjadi
bentuk khas takotsubo.
bentuk khas takotsubo.
05:40
But no other tests were amiss,
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Hasil tes lain tidak menunjukkan keanehan,
05:43
no sign of clogged arteries anywhere.
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tidak ada tanda-tanda arteri
tersumbat di mana pun.
tersumbat di mana pun.
05:46
Two weeks later, her emotional state
had returned to normal
had returned to normal
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Dua minggu kemudian, kondisi emosionalnya
sudah kembali normal.
sudah kembali normal.
05:50
and so, an ultrasound confirmed,
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dan ultrasound juga mengonfirmasi,
05:55
had her heart.
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jantungnya kembali normal.
05:56
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been linked
to many stressful situations,
to many stressful situations,
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Kardiomiopati Takotsubo telah dikaitkan
dengan situasi-situasi pemicu stres,
dengan situasi-situasi pemicu stres,
06:02
including public speaking --
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seperti bicara di depan umum --
06:05
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
06:10
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
06:16
domestic disputes, gambling losses,
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Masalah rumah tangga, kalah judi,
06:20
even a surprise birthday party.
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bahkan pesta kejutan ulang tahun.
06:22
(Laughter)
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(tertawa)
06:23
It's even been associated
with widespread social upheaval,
with widespread social upheaval,
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Ini juga diasosiasikan dengan pergolakan
sosial yang tersebar luas,
sosial yang tersebar luas,
06:28
such as after a natural disaster.
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seperti setelah bencana alam.
06:30
For example, in 2004,
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Contohnya, di tahun 2004,
06:32
a massive earthquake devastated a district
on the largest island in Japan.
on the largest island in Japan.
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gempa bumi besar menghancurkan sebuah
distrik di pulau terbesar Jepang.
distrik di pulau terbesar Jepang.
06:39
More than 60 people were killed,
and thousands were injured.
and thousands were injured.
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Lebih dari 60 orang tewas, dan ribuan
orang cedera.
orang cedera.
06:43
On the heels of this catastrophe,
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Di ujung bencana ini,
06:45
researchers found that the incidents
of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
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peneliti menemukan bahwa gejala
kardiomiopati takotsubo
kardiomiopati takotsubo
06:50
increased twenty-four-fold in the district
one month after the earthquake,
one month after the earthquake,
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meningkat 24 kali lipat di distrik ini
1 bulan setelah gempa bumi terjadi,
1 bulan setelah gempa bumi terjadi,
06:56
compared to a similar
period the year before.
period the year before.
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dibandingkan dengan waktu yang sama
di tahun lalu.
di tahun lalu.
07:00
The residences of these cases
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Ini berhubungan dengan
07:02
closely correlated with
the intensity of the tremor.
the intensity of the tremor.
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seberapa intens orang-orang merasakan
gempa yang terjadi.
gempa yang terjadi.
07:05
In almost every case,
patients lived near the epicenter.
patients lived near the epicenter.
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Di hampir semua kasus,
para pasien tinggal dekat pusat gempa.
para pasien tinggal dekat pusat gempa.
07:10
Interestingly, takotsubo cardiomyopathy
has been seen after a happy event, too,
has been seen after a happy event, too,
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Menariknya, kardiomipati takotsubo juga
bisa terjadi setelah kejadian yg bahagia,
bisa terjadi setelah kejadian yg bahagia,
07:17
but the heart appears
to react differently,
to react differently,
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tapi jantung kita tampaknya
bereaksi secara berbeda,
bereaksi secara berbeda,
07:19
ballooning in the midportion,
for example, and not at the apex.
for example, and not at the apex.
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sebagai contoh, membesar di bagian tengah,
bukan di bagian atas.
bukan di bagian atas.
07:24
Why different emotional precipitants
would result in different cardiac changes
would result in different cardiac changes
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Alasan mengapa emosi yang berbeda bisa
menyebabkan jantung berubah secara berbeda
menyebabkan jantung berubah secara berbeda
07:29
remains a mystery.
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masih menjadi misteri.
07:31
But today, perhaps as an ode
to our ancient philosophers,
to our ancient philosophers,
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Di zaman ini, mungkin sebagai pujian
untuk para ahli filsafat kuno kita,
untuk para ahli filsafat kuno kita,
07:36
we can say that even if emotions
are not contained inside our hearts,
are not contained inside our hearts,
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kita dapat mengatakan, walaupun emosi
tidak terkandung di dalam jantung kita,
tidak terkandung di dalam jantung kita,
07:42
the emotional heart overlaps
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jantung emosional menindih
07:48
its biological counterpart,
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rekan versi biologisnya,
07:50
in surprising and mysterious ways.
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dalam cara-cara yang
mengejutkan dan penuh misteri.
mengejutkan dan penuh misteri.
07:54
Heart syndromes, including sudden death,
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Sejak dulu, gejala-gejala jantung,
termasuk kematian mendadak,
termasuk kematian mendadak,
07:58
have long been reported in individuals
experiencing intense emotional disturbance
experiencing intense emotional disturbance
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bisa terjadi karena seseorang mengalami
gangguan stres yang intens
gangguan stres yang intens
08:03
or turmoil in their metaphorical hearts.
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atau kekacauan dalam
jantung metaforis mereka.
jantung metaforis mereka.
08:07
In 1942,
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Di tahun 1942,
08:09
the Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon
published a paper called "'Voodoo' Death,"
published a paper called "'Voodoo' Death,"
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ahli fisiologi Harvard, Walter Cannon
menerbitkan makalah "Voodoo' Death",
menerbitkan makalah "Voodoo' Death",
08:14
in which he described
cases of death from fright
cases of death from fright
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di mana dia menjelaskan kasus-kasus
kematian karena rasa takut pada
kematian karena rasa takut pada
08:18
in people who believed
they had been cursed,
they had been cursed,
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orang-orang yang percaya
mereka telah dikutuk,
mereka telah dikutuk,
08:20
such as by a witch doctor
or as a consequence of eating taboo fruit.
or as a consequence of eating taboo fruit.
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seperti karena disantet dukun atau
akibat memakan buah terlarang.
akibat memakan buah terlarang.
08:25
In many cases, the victim, all hope lost,
dropped dead on the spot.
dropped dead on the spot.
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Dalam banyak kasus, korban yang
kehilangan harapan mati di tempat.
kehilangan harapan mati di tempat.
08:31
What these cases had in common
was the victim's absolute belief
was the victim's absolute belief
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Kesamaan kasus-kasus ini adalah korban
memiliki keyakinan mutlak bahwa
memiliki keyakinan mutlak bahwa
08:36
that there was an external force
that could cause their demise,
that could cause their demise,
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ada kekuatan eksternal yang bisa
menyebabkan kematian mereka,
menyebabkan kematian mereka,
08:39
and against which
they were powerless to fight.
they were powerless to fight.
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dan mereka tidak berdaya untuk
melawannya.
melawannya.
08:41
This perceived lack of control,
Cannon postulated,
Cannon postulated,
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Pandangan kurangnya kontrol ini,
seperti yang dikemukakan Cannon,
seperti yang dikemukakan Cannon,
08:45
resulted in an unmitigated
physiological response,
physiological response,
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dapat menghasilkan respons fisik ekstrem,
08:48
in which blood vessels
constricted to such a degree
constricted to such a degree
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di mana pembuluh darah menyempit
08:53
that blood volume acutely dropped,
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hingga taraf volume darah menurun drastis,
08:56
blood pressure plummeted,
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tekanan darah menurun drastis,
08:58
the heart acutely weakened,
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jantung sangat melemah,
09:00
and massive organ damage resulted
from a lack of transported oxygen.
from a lack of transported oxygen.
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dan organ tubuh rusak karena
kurangnya oksigen yang beredar.
kurangnya oksigen yang beredar.
09:05
Cannon believed that voodoo deaths
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Cannon percaya bahwa
korban santet voodoo
korban santet voodoo
09:09
were limited to indigenous
or "primitive" people.
or "primitive" people.
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hanya terjadi pada orang pribumi atau
orang primitif.
orang primitif.
09:13
But over the years, these types of deaths
have been shown to occur
have been shown to occur
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Beberapa tahun ini, kematian jenis ini
terbukti bisa terjadi pada
terbukti bisa terjadi pada
09:18
in all manner of modern people, too.
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orang-orang modern juga.
09:21
Today, death by grief has been seen
in spouses and in siblings.
in spouses and in siblings.
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Di zaman ini, tewas karena kesedihan telah
ada pada pasangan dan saudara kandung.
ada pada pasangan dan saudara kandung.
09:28
Broken hearts are literally
and figuratively deadly.
and figuratively deadly.
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Patah hati bisa benar-benar mematikan.
09:32
These associations hold true
even for animals.
even for animals.
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Hubungan ini juga berlaku pada binatang.
09:36
In a fascinating study in 1980
published in the journal "Science,"
published in the journal "Science,"
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Dalam studi menarik yang diterbitkan
dalam jurnal "Science" di tahun 1980,
dalam jurnal "Science" di tahun 1980,
09:42
researchers fed caged rabbits
a high-cholesterol diet
a high-cholesterol diet
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Peneliti memberi makanan tinggi kolestrol
kepada kelinci yang dikurung
kepada kelinci yang dikurung
09:46
to study its effect
on cardiovascular disease.
on cardiovascular disease.
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untuk mempelajari efeknya terhadap
penyakit kardiovaskular.
penyakit kardiovaskular.
09:50
Surprisingly, they found that some rabbits
developed a lot more disease than others,
developed a lot more disease than others,
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Anehnya, mereka menemukan beberapa kelinci
lebih berpenyakit daripada yang lain,
lebih berpenyakit daripada yang lain,
09:56
but they couldn't explain why.
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tapi, mereka tidak tahu alasannya.
09:57
The rabbits had very similar diet,
environment and genetic makeup.
environment and genetic makeup.
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Semua kelinci memiliki pola makan,
lingkungan, dan gen yang hampir sama.
lingkungan, dan gen yang hampir sama.
10:03
They thought it might have
something to do with
something to do with
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Mereka kira keanehan ini berkaitan dengan
10:06
how frequently the technician
interacted with the rabbits.
interacted with the rabbits.
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seberapa sering para teknisi berinteraksi
dengan kelinci-kelinci tersebut.
dengan kelinci-kelinci tersebut.
10:10
So they repeated the study,
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Jadi mereka ulangi lagi studi ini,
10:12
dividing the rabbits into two groups.
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membagi kelinci jadi 2 grup.
10:14
Both groups were fed
a high-cholesterol diet.
a high-cholesterol diet.
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Kedua grup diberi makanan yang
berkolestrol tinggi.
berkolestrol tinggi.
10:17
But in one group, the rabbits
were removed from their cages,
were removed from their cages,
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Tapi di satu grup,
kelinci-kelinci dibiarkan bebas,
kelinci-kelinci dibiarkan bebas,
10:22
held, petted, talked to, played with,
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digendong, dielus-elus, diajak bicara,
diajak main,
diajak main,
10:26
and in the other group,
the rabbits remained in their cages
the rabbits remained in their cages
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dan di grup yang satu lagi,
kelinci-kelinci dikurung
kelinci-kelinci dikurung
10:29
and were left alone.
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dan dibiarkan sendiri.
10:31
At one year, on autopsy,
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Setelah satu tahun, di sebuah otopsi,
10:34
the researchers found
that the rabbits in the first group,
that the rabbits in the first group,
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peneliti menemukan bahwa kelinci-kelinci
di grup pertama,
di grup pertama,
10:40
that received human interaction,
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yang berinteraksi dengan manusia,
10:42
had 60 percent less aortic disease
than rabbits in the other group,
than rabbits in the other group,
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menderita 60% lebih sedikit penyakit aorta
daripada kelinci-kelinci di grup lain,
daripada kelinci-kelinci di grup lain,
10:48
despite having similar cholesterol levels,
blood pressure and heart rate.
blood pressure and heart rate.
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walaupun mereka punya level kolestrol,
tekanan darah, dan detak jantung serupa.
tekanan darah, dan detak jantung serupa.
10:53
Today, the care of the heart has become
less the province of philosophers,
less the province of philosophers,
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Saat ini, perawatan jantung bukan lagi
area kerja ahli filsafat,
area kerja ahli filsafat,
10:59
who dwell upon the heart's
metaphorical meanings,
metaphorical meanings,
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yang memikirkan makna-makna dari
jantung metaforis,
jantung metaforis,
11:04
and more the domain of doctors like me,
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dan lebih ke area kerja dokter-dokter
seperti saya,
seperti saya,
11:08
wielding technologies
that even a century ago,
that even a century ago,
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menggunakan teknologi yang bahkan
seabad lalu,
seabad lalu,
11:11
because of the heart's exalted
status in human culture,
status in human culture,
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karena tingginya status jantung
dalam budaya manusia,
dalam budaya manusia,
11:14
were considered taboo.
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dianggap tabu.
11:16
In the process, the heart
has been transformed
has been transformed
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Dalam proses ini, jantung telah diubah
11:20
from an almost supernatural object
imbued with metaphor and meaning
imbued with metaphor and meaning
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dari objek mistis penuh dengan
metafora dan arti,
metafora dan arti,
11:25
into a machine that can be
manipulated and controlled.
manipulated and controlled.
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menjadi sebuah mesin yang bisa
dimanipulasi dan dikontrol.
dimanipulasi dan dikontrol.
11:31
But this is the key point:
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Tapi ini intinya;
11:33
these manipulations, we now understand,
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kita sekarang mengerti bahwa
manipulasi-manipulasi ini
manipulasi-manipulasi ini
11:36
must be complemented
by attention to the emotional life
by attention to the emotional life
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harus dilengkapi dengan memperhatikan
kehidupan emosional
kehidupan emosional
11:41
that the heart, for thousands of years,
was believed to contain.
was believed to contain.
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yang dipercaya sejak ribuan tahun,
dimiliki oleh jantung kita.
dimiliki oleh jantung kita.
11:45
Consider, for example,
the Lifestyle Heart Trial,
the Lifestyle Heart Trial,
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3497
Contohnya, Percobaan Gaya Hidup Jantung,
11:49
published in the British journal
"The Lancet" in 1990.
"The Lancet" in 1990.
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diterbitkan di jurnal Inggris "The Lancet"
pada tahun 1990.
pada tahun 1990.
11:53
Forty-eight patients with moderate
or severe coronary disease
or severe coronary disease
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48 pasien yang mengidap penyakit
koroner sedang atau parah
koroner sedang atau parah
11:57
were randomly assigned to usual care
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2743
secara acak dialihkan ke perawatan biasa
12:00
or an intensive lifestyle
that included a low-fat vegetarian diet,
that included a low-fat vegetarian diet,
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5443
atau gaya hidup yang intensif, termasuk
pola makan vegetarian rendah lemak,
pola makan vegetarian rendah lemak,
12:06
moderate aerobic exercise,
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latihan aerobik sedang,
12:08
group psychosocial support
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grup dukungan psikososial
12:09
and stress management advice.
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dan saran manajemen stres.
12:11
The researchers found
that the lifestyle patients
that the lifestyle patients
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Peneliti menemukan bahwa pasien
dengan gaya hidup tersebut
dengan gaya hidup tersebut
12:16
had a nearly five percent reduction
in coronary plaque.
in coronary plaque.
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mengalami pengurangan dalam plak
koroner sebesar hampir 5%.
koroner sebesar hampir 5%.
12:21
Control patients, on the other hand,
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Namun, bagi pasien grup kontrol,
12:23
had five percent more
coronary plaque at one year
coronary plaque at one year
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4470
plak koronernya meningkat 5% dalam 1 tahun
12:28
and 28 percent more at five years.
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dan meningkat 28% lagi dalam 5 tahun.
12:30
They also had nearly double
the rate of cardiac events,
the rate of cardiac events,
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Tingkat gejala jantung mereka juga
meningkat 2 kali lipat,
meningkat 2 kali lipat,
12:34
like heart attacks,
coronary bypass surgery
coronary bypass surgery
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seperti serangan jantung,
operasi bypass koroner
operasi bypass koroner
12:38
and cardiac-related deaths.
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dan kematian terkait jantung.
12:40
Now, here's an interesting fact:
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Sekarang, ini fakta menarik:
12:42
some patients in the control group
adopted diet and exercise plans
adopted diet and exercise plans
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5294
pasien dalam grup kontrol mulai mengikuti
pola makan dan plan olahraga
pola makan dan plan olahraga
12:48
that were nearly as intense
as those in the intensive lifestyle group.
as those in the intensive lifestyle group.
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4254
yang hampir seintens pasien-pasien
dalam grup gaya hidup intensif.
dalam grup gaya hidup intensif.
12:53
Their heart disease still progressed.
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Tapi sakit jantung mereka
tetap makin parah
tetap makin parah
12:56
Diet and exercise alone were not enough
to facilitate coronary disease regression.
to facilitate coronary disease regression.
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Diet dan olahraga saja tidak cukup untuk
menangkal regresi penyakit koroner
menangkal regresi penyakit koroner
13:02
At both one- and five-year follow-ups,
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1 dan 5 tahun kemudian
dalam tahap berikutnya,
dalam tahap berikutnya,
13:06
stress management
was more strongly correlated
was more strongly correlated
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manajemen stres berkaitan lebih erat
13:09
with reversal of coronary disease
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2052
dengan pemulihan penyakit koroner
13:11
than exercise was.
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dibandingkan dengan olahraga.
13:14
No doubt, this and similar
studies are small,
studies are small,
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Tentu, studi ini dan studi lainnya
yang mirip merupakan studi kecil,
yang mirip merupakan studi kecil,
13:17
and, of course, correlation
does not prove causation.
does not prove causation.
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dan pastinya, korelasi tidak
membuktikan sebab akibat.
membuktikan sebab akibat.
13:20
It's certainly possible that stress
leads to unhealthy habits,
leads to unhealthy habits,
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Sangat mungkin kalau stres dapat
menyebabkan kebiasaan tidak sehat,
menyebabkan kebiasaan tidak sehat,
13:25
and that's the real reason
for the increased cardiovascular risk.
for the increased cardiovascular risk.
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dan itu adalah alasan sebenarnya
peningkatan risiko kardiovaskular.
peningkatan risiko kardiovaskular.
13:28
But as with the association
of smoking and lung cancer,
of smoking and lung cancer,
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3601
Tetapi seperti kaitan antara
merokok dan kanker paru-paru,
merokok dan kanker paru-paru,
13:32
when so many studies show the same thing,
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saat begitu banyak studi memperlihatkan
hal yang sama,
hal yang sama,
13:35
and when there are mechanisms
to explain a causal relationship,
to explain a causal relationship,
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dan saat ada mekanisme untuk menjelaskan
hubungan sebab akibat,
hubungan sebab akibat,
13:38
it seems capricious to deny
that one probably exists.
that one probably exists.
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4411
sepertinya agak aneh untuk menyangkal
kalau kemungkinan itu ada.
kalau kemungkinan itu ada.
13:43
What many doctors have concluded
is what I, too, have learned
is what I, too, have learned
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Yang telah disimpulkan banyak dokter
adalah apa yang telah saya pelajari juga
adalah apa yang telah saya pelajari juga
13:47
in my nearly two decades
as a heart specialist:
as a heart specialist:
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dalam 20 tahun sebagai spesialis jantung:
13:51
the emotional heart intersects
with its biological counterpart
with its biological counterpart
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4408
Jantung emosional punya hubungan
dengan rekan versi biologisnya
dengan rekan versi biologisnya
13:55
in surprising and mysterious ways.
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2556
dalam cara-cara yang
mengejutkan dan misterius.
mengejutkan dan misterius.
13:58
And yet, medicine today continues
to conceptualize the heart as a machine.
to conceptualize the heart as a machine.
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Namun, sektor kesehatan tetap
mengonsep jantung sebagai mesin.
mengonsep jantung sebagai mesin.
14:03
This conceptualization
has had great benefits.
has had great benefits.
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Konsep ini memiliki banyak keunggulan.
14:07
Cardiology, my field,
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2558
Ilmu penyakit jantung, area kerja saya,
14:09
is undoubtedly one of the greatest
scientific success stories
scientific success stories
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4638
tidak diragukan lagi adalah
salah satu kisah sukses ilmiah terbesar
salah satu kisah sukses ilmiah terbesar
14:14
of the past 100 years.
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dalam 100 tahun terakhir.
14:17
Stents, pacemakers, defibrillators,
coronary bypass surgery,
coronary bypass surgery,
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5648
Pemasangan ring, alat pacu jantung,
defibrillator, operasi bypass koroner,
defibrillator, operasi bypass koroner,
14:22
heart transplants --
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1320
transplantasi jantung --
14:24
all these things were developed
or invented after World War II.
or invented after World War II.
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3949
semua hal ini dikembangkan atau
diciptakan setelah Perang Dunia II.
diciptakan setelah Perang Dunia II.
14:28
However, it's possible
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Namun, mungkin saja
14:30
that we are approaching the limits
of what scientific medicine can do
of what scientific medicine can do
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bahwa apa yang bisa dilakukan pengobatan
ilmiah untuk mengatasi penyakit jantung
ilmiah untuk mengatasi penyakit jantung
14:35
to combat heart disease.
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sedang mendekati batasnya.
14:37
Indeed, the rate of decline
of cardiovascular mortality
of cardiovascular mortality
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3365
Tingkat penurunan kematian kardiovaskular
14:40
has slowed significantly
in the past decade.
in the past decade.
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mengalami perlambatan
dalam 10 tahun terakhir.
dalam 10 tahun terakhir.
14:45
We will need to shift to a new paradigm
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2980
Kita perlu beralih ke paradigma baru
14:48
to continue to make the kind of progress
to which we have become accustomed.
to which we have become accustomed.
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3995
untuk terus membuat semacam kemajuan,
yang telah menjadi hal biasa untuk kita.
yang telah menjadi hal biasa untuk kita.
14:52
In this paradigm, psychosocial factors
will need to be front and center
will need to be front and center
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Di paradigma ini, faktor psikososial
harus kita beri banyak perhatian
harus kita beri banyak perhatian
14:57
in how we think about heart problems.
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2124
dalam memikirkan masalah jantung.
15:00
This is going to be an uphill battle,
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2138
Ini akan menjadi perang yang berat,
15:02
and it remains a domain
that is largely unexplored.
that is largely unexplored.
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3943
dan ini tetap menjadi area yang masih
belum banyak dijelajahi.
belum banyak dijelajahi.
15:07
The American Heart Association
still does not list emotional stress
still does not list emotional stress
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895956
5165
Asosiasi Jantung Amerika masih tidak
mendaftarkan stres emosional sebagai
mendaftarkan stres emosional sebagai
15:13
as a key modifiable risk factor
for heart disease,
for heart disease,
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faktor risiko utama yang dapat diubah
untuk penyakit jantung,
untuk penyakit jantung,
15:16
perhaps in part because blood cholesterol
is so much easier to lower
is so much easier to lower
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4803
mungkin karena kolesterol darah
jauh lebih mudah untuk diturunkan
jauh lebih mudah untuk diturunkan
15:21
than emotional and social disruption.
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2675
daripada gangguan emosional dan sosial.
15:25
There is a better way, perhaps,
248
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2392
Mungkin ada cara lebih bagus,
15:27
if we recognize that when
we say "a broken heart,"
we say "a broken heart,"
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jika kita mengenali bahwa saat kita
bilang "patah hati (jantung)",
bilang "patah hati (jantung)",
15:32
we are indeed sometimes talking
about a real broken heart.
about a real broken heart.
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4614
terkadang kita sungguhan berbicara tentang
jantung yang rusak.
jantung yang rusak.
15:37
We must, must pay more attention to
the power and importance of the emotions
the power and importance of the emotions
251
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6442
Kita harus, harus lebih memperhatikan
kekuatan dan pentingnya emosi
kekuatan dan pentingnya emosi
15:44
in taking care of our hearts.
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932003
1751
dalam merawat jantung kita.
15:46
Emotional stress, I have learned,
253
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2339
Saya telah belajar bahwa stres emosional
15:48
is often a matter of life and death.
254
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2878
seringkali menjadi soal hidup dan mati.
15:53
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
15:54
(Applause)
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(tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sandeep Jauhar - Physician, writerSandeep Jauhar is a practicing cardiologist passionate about communicating medicine in all its glorious, quirky, inescapable humanity.
Why you should listen
In addition to his medical practice, Dr. Sandeep Jauhar writes about medicine and its impacts on culture for a wide-ranging audience. He is a contributing opinion writer for the New York Times and has written three best-selling books.
His most recent book, Heart: A History (a finalist for the 2019 Wellcome Book prize), tells the little-known story of the doctors who risked their careers -- and the patients who risked their lives -- to understand our most vital organ. Weaving his own experiences with the defining discoveries of the past, Jauhar braids tales of breakthrough, hubris and sorrow to create a lucid chronicle of our life's most intimate chamber. The book also confronts the limits of medical technology, arguing that future progress will be determined more by how we choose to live rather than by any device we invent. Indeed, as the book explains, our emotional lives are absolutely key to our heart health. Jauhar is the Director of the Heart Failure Program at Northwell Health's Long Island Jewish Medical Center.
Sandeep Jauhar | Speaker | TED.com