Linda Hill: How to manage for collective creativity
린다 힐(Linda Hill): 집단적 창의성을 어떻게 관리할 것인가
Linda Hill studies collective genius -- the way great companies, and great leaders, empower creativity from many. Full bio
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to help people learn to lead.
think of as great leadership
to leading innovation.
적절하지 않다는 것이었죠.
in which I'm interested.
이해하곤 했습니다.
up close and personal
across the globe,
of hours on the ground,
일하는 것을 지켜봤습니다.
and pages of field notes
for patterns in what our leaders did.
that can innovate time and again,
집단을 구성하고 싶다면
notions of leadership.
about creating a vision,
비전을 제시한다거나
영감을 주는 것이 아닙니다.
that is both new and useful.
or a way of organizing.
구성하는 방법일 수도 있습니다.
or it can be breakthrough.
돌파구를 찾는 것일 수도 있죠.
if you know who this is.
have seen a Pixar movie,
I had the privilege of studying.
제가 연구했던 기업들 중 하나입니다.
a rat becoming a master chef.
흥미로운 소재의 영화였죠.
are really mainstream today,
최근 정말 많이 만들어지고 있지만
colleagues nearly 20 years
full-length C.G. movie.
장편영화를 처음 만들었고
they've produced 14 movies.
14편의 영화를 제작했습니다.
and I'm here to tell you
제가 장담컨데
about innovation, though,
having an 'Aha!' moment.
통찰하는 순간을 떠올립니다.
한 사람의 천재가 아닙니다.
what it takes to make a Pixar movie:
방법에 대해 알아볼까요?:
produces one of those movies.
이런 영화가 제작되는 게 아닙니다.
250 people four to five years,
drew a version of this picture.
이 그림을 그려줬습니다.
was a neat series of steps
거치는 수차례 정돈된 과정을
he thought it failed to really tell you
서로 얼마나 긴밀하게 상호작용하는지
and, frankly, messy their process was.
그걸 설명할 수 없다고 하더군요.
at Pixar, the story evolves.
이야기가 발전해 나갑니다.
the challenges are
are working on a particular scene.
까다로운지에 따라 달라집니다.
of chocolate to the bird,
초콜릿을 건네주는 장면은
almost six months to perfect.
완성하는데 6개월이 걸렸습니다.
is considered finished
생각하지 않는다는 겁니다.
an animator drew a character
애니메이터는 캐릭터를 그릴때
suggested a mischievous side.
눈썹을 휘어지게 그립니다.
drawing, he thought it was great.
아주 잘 그렸다고 생각합니다.
it doesn't fit the character."
캐릭터에 안 맞는 거 같아."
came back and said,
was allowed to share
as his slice of genius,
reconceive the character
구상할 수 있도록 도울 수 있었죠.
that really improved the story.
이야기는 정말로 발전하는 것입니다.
of innovation is a paradox.
혁신의 핵심은 역설입니다.
and passions of many people
불러일으킬 줄 알아야 하고
into a work that is actually useful.
유용한 일에 적용시켜야 합니다.
problem solving,
who have different expertise
전문지식과 관점을 가진
완전히 갖춰진 채 생성되지 않습니다.
usually, of trial and error.
보통 시행착오의 결과죠.
missteps and mistakes.
과정과 실수들입니다.
very exhilarating,
아주 즐거운 일이기도 하지만
really downright scary.
that Pixar is able to do what it does,
해낼 수 있었나 생각해보면
what's going on here?
무슨 일이 일어나고 있는 걸까요?
and certainly Hollywood,
that have failed.
실패한 팀들이 많이 있습니다.
cooks, if you will, in the kitchen.
즉, 사공이 너무 많다는 거죠.
with all of its cooks,
이 모든 사공들을 태우고도
time and time again?
an Islamic Bank in Dubai,
or a social enterprise in Africa,
아프리카의 사회적 기업을 연구했을 때,
have three capabilities:
집단이라는 걸 발견했습니다:
agility and creative resolution.
그리고 창의적인 해결법입니다.
to create a marketplace of ideas
they amplify differences,
차이점을 증폭시킵니다.
about brainstorming,
heated but constructive arguments
to actively listen, but guess what?
배우는데, 그거 아세요?
advocate for their point of view.
innovation rarely happens
이 둘을 다 갖추지 못하면
diversity and conflict.
잘 알고 있습니다.
실행해보고 개선하는 것입니다.
to test and refine that portfolio of ideas
reflection and adjustment.
그리고 평가를 통해서 말이죠.
your way to the future.
미래로 나아가는 것입니다.
you have that interesting combination
흥미로운 조합을 통해서
and the artistic process.
experiments, and not a series of pilots.
일련의 실험을 진행하는 겁니다.
that you need to know.
실질적으로 배우고 있는 거죠.
확인하는 겁니다.
someone or something is to blame.
사람이나 뭔가을 탓하게 됩니다.
is creative resolution.
even opposing ideas
실질적으로 결합해서
that is new and useful.
they never go along to get along.
이들을 절대 어울리려고하지 않습니다.
or one individual dominate,
even if it's the expert.
의사결정과정을 개발했습니다.
decision making process
solutions to arise
infrastructure group of Google.
of Google is the group
up and running 24/7.
to introduce Gmail and YouTube,
system wasn't adequate.
and the infrastructure group at that time
who he referred to as his brain trust,
그가 전문 고문단이라고 부르는 팀인데,
about this situation.
to tackle this task,
to emerge spontaneously
as Build It From Scratch.
'처음부터 다시하기'(BFS)란 팀이었죠.
build on the current system.
that it was time for a whole new system.
were allowed to work full-time
Bill described his role as,
빌은 자기 역할을 이렇게 묘사했습니다,
the process by driving debate."
솔직함을 더하는 것."
to build prototypes so that they could
and discover for themselves
of their particular approach."
their prototype with the group
to go off in the middle of the night
with the website,
limitations of their particular design.
명확하고 분명하게 들을 수 있었습니다.
became more urgent
evidence, began to come in,
that the Big Table solution
적합하다는 것이 분명해졌습니다.
they did not lose the learning
잊지 않게 하기 위해서
to join a new team that was emerging
all working at breakneck speed.
engineers had gone to Bill and said,
for this inefficient system
인력과 시간이 너무 부족해요."
he began to understand
people to play out their passions.
열정을 끌어내는 지혜라는 걸요.
to all be on one team,
우리가 한 팀으로 일하게 했다면,
who was right, and winning,
what was the best answer for Google."
배우고 알아가지 못했을 겁니다."
are able to innovate time and again?
혁신할 수 있었던 이유가 뭘까요?
the capabilities required for that.
collaborative problem solving,
discovery-driven learning
integrated decision making.
방법을 알고 있었던 거죠.
and saying to yourselves right now,
아마 이런 생각을 하겠죠,
those things in my organization.
어떻게 해야 하는지 모르겠는데
do those things at Pixar,
do those things at Google?"
that worked for Bill told us,
of the finest leaders in Silicon Valley,
최고로 멋진 리더라고 말하더군요.
the man is a genius.
이 남자는 천재에요.
위대한 리더십이라고 생각하는 것과는
when we think about great leadership.
early on said to me,
한 사람은 이렇게 말하더군요,
(Laughter)
(웃음)
I'm supposed to create a vision.
that's truly new, I have no answers.
난 어떻게 하는지 모르거든요.
direction we're going in
how to figure out how to get there."
저는 모르고 있는걸요."
when visionary leadership
that can innovate time and again,
집단을 만들고 싶다면,
of what leadership is about.
creating the space
혁신적인 문제 해결을 위해
and able to do the hard work
기꺼이 하려고 하는
may be wondering,
really look like?"
that innovation takes a village.
필요하다는 것을 알고 있었습니다.
a sense of community
이 세 가지 능력 기르기에 집중했죠.
is about creating a world
있고 싶어하는 세상을 만드는 겁니다.
세상은 어떤 세상일까요?
want to belong in at Pixar?
living at the frontier.
their time thinking about,
the sensibility of a public square
광장같은 성격을 띄는 스튜디오를
no matter what their level or role,
직급이나 역할에 상관없이,
about a particular film.
minority voices in this organization,
말할 수 있고 들리게 하려면
in a very generous way."
엔딩 크레딧에 오르게 해주자."
at the credits of a Pixar movie,
보셨는지 모르겠지만,
a production are listed there.
아기 이름도 올라와 있을 정도에요.
what his role was?
a volunteer organization.
to follow me anywhere.
따르려고 하지 않고
with me the future.
I'm a human glue,
I'm an aggregator of viewpoints.
deliberately fuzzy and vague.
애매하고 모호한 것이 좋습니다.
be wondering now,
I'm the social architect.
people are willing and able
their talents and passions."
공간을 제공하는 것이다."
that you don't work at a Pixar,
걱정하시는 분들이 있으시다면,
organizations you'd think of
아닌 곳들이 많았습니다.
in a pharmaceutical company
이들은 외부 변호사를
to get the outside lawyers,
to collaborate and innovate.
협력하고 혁신할 수 있게 말이죠.
at a German automaker
that it was the design engineers,
마케터들이 아니라
who were allowed to be innovative.
at HCL Technologies,
인도의 아웃소싱회사의 회장인
words, to become irrelevant.
막 시대에 뒤떨어지던 참이었습니다.
into a global dynamo of I.T. innovation.
세계적인 발전기로 바꾸는 것을 보았죠.
다른 많은 회사들처럼,
like at many companies,
their role as setting direction
역할이라고 배워왔습니다.
no one deviated from it.
이제는 리더의 역할에 대해
it was time for them
what they were supposed to do.
is that everybody was looking up
the kind of bottom-up innovation
기대할 수 없었기 때문이죠.
stopped trying to provide solutions.
해결책을 제시하려는 노력을 멈췄습니다.
is they began to see
pyramid, the young sparks,
재기발랄한 젊은이들이죠.
closest to the customers,
the organization's growth
about inverting the pyramid
이는 피라미드를 뒤집어서
the power of the many
and the speed of innovation
other leaders that we studied
비니트와 그의 지도자들은
that that was not their role.
아니라는 걸 알고 있었지만요.
that many of you did not recognize Ed.
에드를 모른게 우연이 아니라고 봅니다.
that our role as leaders
리더의 역할은 환경을 조성해주는 것이지
알고 있었기 때문이죠.
many of us are here,
발현되고 이용될 수 있는 공간,
of collective genius.
변화하는 공간이죠.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Linda Hill - Management professorLinda Hill studies collective genius -- the way great companies, and great leaders, empower creativity from many.
Why you should listen
Linda A. Hill is the Wallace Brett Donham Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. In 2014, Professor Hill co-authored Collective Genius: The Art and Practice of Leading Innovation. It features thick descriptions of exceptional leaders of innovation in a wide range of industries—from information technology to law to design—and geographies—from the US and Europe to the Middle East and Asia. Business Insider named Collective Genius one of “The 20 Best Business Books” in summer 2014.
She is the faculty chair of the Leadership Initiative and has chaired numerous HBS Executive Education programs, including the Young She is the co-author, with Kent Lineback, of Being the Boss: The 3 Imperatives of Becoming a Great Leader and Breakthrough Leadership, a blended cohort-based program that helps organizations transform midlevel managers into more effective leaders. Breakthrough Leadership was the winner of the 2013 Brandon Hall Group Award for Best Advance in Unique Learning Technology. The book was included in the Wall Street Journal as one of the “Five Business Books to Read for Your Career in 2011." She is also the author of Becoming a Manager: How New Managers Master the Challenges of Leadership (2nd Edition). She heads up Harvard's Presidents' Organization Presidents' Seminar and the High Potentials Leadership Program, and was course head during the development of the new Leadership and Organizational Behavior MBA required course.
Linda Hill | Speaker | TED.com