Erez Yoeli: How to motivate people to do good for others
에레즈 요엘리(Erez Yoeli): 타인을 위한 선행을 하도록 동기부여하는 방법
Erez Yoeli's research focuses on altruism: understanding how it works and how to promote it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
선행을 하게 할 수 있을까요?
give to charity, conserve resources,
기부하거나, 자원을 보호하거나,
as washing their mugs at work
씻어놓는 것과 같은 간단한 일요.
always full of dirty dishes?
싱크대가 가득차지 않게 말이에요
working on this problem,
처음 시작했을 때,
that prevents blackouts
프로그램에 고객을 유치하였습니다.
on a tried-and-true technology.
기술을 바탕으로 하죠.
administration even called
이렇게 지칭하기도 했죠.
America's electrical grid."
할 수 있는 초석"
great technological solutions,
기술적 해결방법 처럼
the power company sent them a nice letter,
전기 회사는 친절한 편지를 보내고,
all the program's benefits,
이야기를 했고,
into a hotline if they were interested.
연락을 달라고 요청했죠.
we suggested one small change.
작은 변화를 제안했죠.
that they'd post near the mailboxes
등록신청서를 사용하도록 제안을 했죠.
about what others think of them,
매우 신경쓴다는 걸 우리는 알고 있죠.
as generous and kind,
보이기를 원하고,
being seen as selfish or a mooch.
보이지 않기 위해 노력하죠.
this is a big part of why people do good,
그래서 사람들은 선행을 합니다.
more credit for doing good,
인정받도록 하는 작은 변화,
a really big difference.
만들 수 있습니다.
switching from a hotline,
아무도 알 수 없는
about your good deed,
can see your name.
그런 작은 변화 말이에요.
nonprofits, companies,
협력하면서,
to do more good,
노력하고 있는 동안
체크리스트를 이용했죠.
the first item on that checklist.
이미 다 알고 계시는 겁니다.
about good deeds.
발견하게 하는 것이지요.
some of you are probably thinking,
이렇게 생각하시겠죠.
I'm getting credit for my good deed,
인정을 받았으니까
decisions in private,
결정을 내릴 때
or how to pay their bills on time.
고지서를 어떻게 제때 납부할까.
their decision more observable,
다른 사람이 관찰할 수 있도록 하면
to the opportunity to do good.
관심을 기울이기 시작하죠.
so powerful about our approach
영향력이 컸던 것은 바로
people's existing desire to do good,
선행을 하려는 기존의 욕구를
to prevent a blackout.
of thousands of letters every election
상기시키고 동기를 부여하기 위해
to motivate them to go to the polls.
편지를 보냈습니다.
the following sentence:
추가하라고 제안했죠.
about your experience at the polls."
전화를 드릴 수도 있습니다."
more observable when you go to the polls,
높아지도록 느끼게 하죠.
of the letter by 50 percent.
편지의 효과는 50%나 증가했습니다.
the cost of getting an additional vote
추가투표의 비용을
to donate blood more frequently
on local newsletters,
하도록 하거나,
on a public website.
세금을 제때 내게 했죠.
to buy a more fuel-efficient car
수십만 명의 사람들이
구매하게 했습니다.
was observable from a mile away.
금방 관찰이 가능하죠.
지나치기도 합니다.
asking for money on the sidewalk
구걸하는 사람을 보게 되지만,
and look really busy,
waltz right on by the donation box.
당당하게 걸어서 지나치기도 하죠.
and there's a Salvation Army volunteer,
구세군 자원봉사자들이 종을 울리고 있죠.
from the Salvation Army
stood in front of just one door,
서있었더니,
by going out the other door.
기부하는 것을 피했죠.
"Oh, I didn't see the volunteer,"
"오, 제가 못봤거든요."
something from over there,"
뭔가 가져오려고 했어요."
to the second item on our checklist:
두 번째 항목과 관련이 있습니다.
standing in front of both doors,
양쪽 문에 서있는 것을 의미하죠.
were out in the parking lot,
as they came in and out of the store,
몇명인지 수를 세고 있었어요.
stood in front of both doors,
다 서있었을 때,
out of the store at all.
나오지를 않았습니다.
so they decided to look into it further,
이것을 좀 더 파헤쳐 봤더니
was actually a third, smaller utility door
있음을 알게 됐죠.
in order to avoid the volunteers.
그문으로 나가고 있었습니다.
an important lesson though.
we need to be very thorough,
매우 철저해야 한다는 것을요.
really creative in making them.
매우 창의적이니까요.
deadly consequences.
이어지는 상황요.
deadliest infectious disease has a cure,
어떨까요?
70년 동안 존재했고,
almost every time?
효과가 있습니다.
we've got the solution.
저희는 해결책을 제시했어요.
get other people sick.
전염시키기 않도록 해야죠.
we've been collaborating
called Keheala
협력해오고 있습니다.
as they undergo treatment.
지지 해주기 위해서요.
TB treatment, it's really tough.
결핵 치료 과정은 아주 힘들어요.
a really strong antibiotic
6개월 이상 매일 매일
that it will make you feel sick.
사람을 아프게까지 합니다.
you have to go back to the clinic
매주 병원으로 다시가서
in order to get more pills,
or other places where TB is common,
사하라 이남 아프리카와 같은 곳은
about going someplace pretty far,
이용해야 합니다.
a half day off of work every week
직장을 나가야 합니다.
can't afford to lose.
that there's a terrible stigma,
견디기 힘든 낙인을 찍히니까요.
to find that you have the disease.
결핵에 걸린 것을 모르길 바랍니다.
are actually from women
일부는 여성들의 이야기예요.
domestic violence can be kind of common,
그런 곳에 사는 여성들이요.
hide it from their husbands
심지어 남편에게도 숨겨야 한다고 합니다.
that people don't complete treatment.
놀라운 일이 아니에요.
그들을 도울 수 있을까요?
할 수 있을까요?
to remind them to take their medication,
환자들에게 문자메시지를 보내요.
but then I totally forgot,
완전 까먹었어요.
and I just forgot about it."
그냥 까먹어버렸어요."
제거해야 했습니다.
that they've taken their medication.
요구했습니다.
문자를 한번 더 보냈죠.
we text them yet again.
they still haven't verified,
확인하지 않는다면,
uses all sorts of behavioral techniques,
각종 행동 기법을 사용하고 있습니다.
probably noticed, observability,
관찰성을 포함해서요.
사용하지 않았던 환자들은
not to complete treatment.
3배나 높았습니다.
you need to be aware of.
세 번째 요소가 있습니다.
or Japan or London,
가보셨다면, 아마 아실텐데
on the right-hand side of the escalator
에스컬레이터의 오른쪽에 섭니다.
not everywhere is that the norm,
모든 곳이 그렇진 않아요.
where you can just stand on both sides
양쪽에 다 서서 에스컬레이터를 타서
and let them go by,
오른쪽에 서있는 것이 더 낫죠.
to do that some places.
국한되어 있습니다.
are really sensitive to cues
민감하다는 의미입니다.
in a particular situation,
선행을 해야 한다는 기대가 있다면,
and final item on our checklist:
세 번째이자 마지막 항목입니다.
to communicate expectations;
is doing the good deed."
"다른 사람들도 다 선행을 해요."
sends people in their electricity bill
전기요금 고지서를 보낼 때
their energy consumption
사용중인 전기량을 비교하는
with similarly sized homes.
neighbors are using less electricity,
전기를 덜 사용하는지 알게 되자,
to get people to vote or give to charity
투표를 하게 하거나, 자선단체 기부나,
재사용 하는 데까지 사용했습니다.
to communicate expectations;
just at the right time.
"선행을 하라"고요.
of turning off the lights
재구성하여
into an environmental contribution.
lots of different ways to do this,
with important social consequences,
뒤따르는 문제를 풀고 계실텐데요.
to motivate people to do more good.
선행을 하도록 해야 할 것입니다.
can help you with this.
도움이 될 것입니다.
that you raise additional funds
걷어야 하는 것도 아니고,
any more fancy technologies.
더 개발해야 하는 것도 아닙니다.
eliminating excuses
변명거리를 제거하고,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erez Yoeli - Research scientistErez Yoeli's research focuses on altruism: understanding how it works and how to promote it.
Why you should listen
Erez (pronounced ‘EH-rez’) Yoeli is a research scientist at MIT's Sloan School of Management, where he directs the Applied Cooperation Team. His research focuses on altruism: understanding how it works and how to promote it. He collaborates with governments, nonprofits and companies to apply these insights to address real-world challenges like increasing energy conservation, improving antibiotic adherence, reducing smoking in public places and promoting philanthropy.
Yoeli teaches the undergraduate Game Theory course at Harvard and regularly publishes theoretical and applied academic research articles. He shares his research highlights through frequent talks and featured articles in the New York Times, The Economist, Quartz and Behavioral Scientist. His research has also been profiled nationally and internationally in publications like TIME and Huffington Post.
Yoeli received his PhD in economics from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Before founding the Applied Cooperation Team, he was an economist at the US Federal Trade Commission and served as an expert witness in cases against companies that defrauded consumers. In an earlier, "pre-economist" life, he was a classical percussionist. He enjoys spicy food, hiking and spending time with his two very cuddly cats.
Erez Yoeli | Speaker | TED.com