TED2015
Greg Gage: How to control someone else's arm with your brain
Gregs Geidžs: Kā ar savām smadzenēm kontrolēt cita roku?
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
9,669,307 views
Gregs Geidžs izvirzījis sev mērķi smadzeņu zinātni padarīt pieejamu visiem. Šajā jautrajā un mazliet biedējošajā demonstrējumā neirobiologs un TED vecākais stipendiāts izmanto vienkāršu un lētu paštaisītu ierīci, lai kādam skatītājam atņemtu brīvo gribu. Tas nav salona triks, tas ir pa īstam. Tas jāredz, lai noticētu.
Greg Gage - Neuroscientist
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
The brain is an amazing and complex organ.
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Smadzenes ir lielisks un sarežģīts orgāns.
00:17
And while many people
are fascinated by the brain,
are fascinated by the brain,
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Kaut arī daudziem ļoti interesē smadzenes,
00:20
they can't really tell you that much
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tie nevar jums neko daudz pastāstīt
00:21
about the properties
about how the brain works
about how the brain works
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par smadzeņu darbību,
00:24
because we don't teach
neuroscience in schools.
neuroscience in schools.
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jo skolās neirobioloģiju nemāca.
00:26
And one of the reasons
why is that the equipment
why is that the equipment
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Un viens no iemesliem ir tas,
ka aprīkojums
ka aprīkojums
00:28
is so complex and so expensive
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ir tik sarežģīts un dārgs,
00:31
that it's really only done at major
universities and large institutions.
universities and large institutions.
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ka to veic tikai
lielas universitātes un institūti.
lielas universitātes un institūti.
00:35
And so in order to be able
to access the brain,
to access the brain,
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Lai piekļūtu smadzenēm,
00:37
you really need to dedicate your life
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tam jāvelta visa dzīve
00:39
and spend six and a half years
as a graduate student
as a graduate student
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un jāpavada sešarpus gadi maģistrantūrā,
00:42
just to become a neuroscientist
to get access to these tools.
to get access to these tools.
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lai kļūtu par neirologu
un piekļūtu šiem rīkiem.
un piekļūtu šiem rīkiem.
00:45
And that's a shame
because one out of five of us,
because one out of five of us,
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Un tas ir žēl, jo katram piektajam
00:47
that's 20 percent of the entire world,
will have a neurological disorder.
will have a neurological disorder.
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jeb 20 procentu pasaules cilvēku
ir kāda neiroloģiska kaite.
ir kāda neiroloģiska kaite.
00:51
And there are zero cures
for these diseases.
for these diseases.
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Un šīs slimības nav ar ko ārstēt.
00:54
And so it seems that
what we should be doing
what we should be doing
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Tā nu, šķiet, ka mums būtu
00:57
is reaching back earlier
in the eduction process
in the eduction process
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jāpievēršas agrākam izglītības procesam
00:59
and teaching students about neuroscience
so that in the future,
so that in the future,
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un jāmāca skolēniem
par neirobioloģiju, lai nākotnē
par neirobioloģiju, lai nākotnē
01:04
they may be thinking about possibly
becoming a brain scientist.
becoming a brain scientist.
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viņi varētu apsvērt kļūt
par smadzeņu pētniekiem.
par smadzeņu pētniekiem.
01:08
When I was a graduate student,
my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
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Kad es studēju maģistrantūrā, mums
ar laboratorijas biedru Timu Marzullo,
ar laboratorijas biedru Timu Marzullo,
01:11
decided that what if we took
this complex equipment that we have
this complex equipment that we have
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iešāvās prātā doma,
ja nu mēs šo sarežģīto aparatūru
ja nu mēs šo sarežģīto aparatūru
01:15
for studying the brain and made it simple
enough and affordable enough
enough and affordable enough
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smadzeņu pētīšanai padarītu pietiekoši
vienkāršu un pieejamu,
vienkāršu un pieejamu,
01:19
that anyone that you know, an amateur
or a high school student,
or a high school student,
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lai jebkurš, amatieris vai vidusskolēns,
01:22
could learn and actually participate
in the discovery of neuroscience.
in the discovery of neuroscience.
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varētu iemācīties un piedalīties
neirobioloģijas apgūšanā.
neirobioloģijas apgūšanā.
01:25
And so we did just that.
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Un mēs tā arī izdarījām.
01:27
A few years ago, we started
a company called Backyard Brains
a company called Backyard Brains
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Pirms dažiem gadiem, mēs dibinājām
uzņēmumu Backyard Brains
uzņēmumu Backyard Brains
01:30
and we make DIY neuroscience equipment
and I brought some here tonight,
and I brought some here tonight,
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un izveidojām vienkāršu aparatūru,
ko šodien esmu atvedis šurp,
ko šodien esmu atvedis šurp,
01:34
and I want to do some demonstrations.
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un vēlos jums kaut ko parādīt.
01:37
You guys want to see some?
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Vēlaties redzēt?
01:38
So I need a volunteer.
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Man vajag kādu brīvprātīgo.
01:41
So right before -- what is your name?
(Applause)
(Applause)
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Tepat priekšā -- kā jūs sauc?
(Aplausi)
(Aplausi)
01:44
Sam Kelly: Sam.
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Sema Kelija: Sema.
01:45
Greg Gage: All right, Sam, I'm going
to record from your brain.
to record from your brain.
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Gregs Geidžs: Labi, Sema,
es ierakstīšu no jūsu smadzenēm.
es ierakstīšu no jūsu smadzenēm.
01:48
Have you had this before?
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Esat to darījusi iepriekš?
01:49
SK: No.
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S.K.: Nē.
01:50
GG: I need you to stick out
your arm for science,
your arm for science,
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G.Dž.: Izstiepiet roku zinātnes vārdā,
01:53
roll up your sleeve a bit,
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uzlociet mazliet piedurkni.
01:54
So what I'm going to do,
I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
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Es uzlikšu jūsu rokai elektrodus,
01:57
and you're probably wondering,
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un jūs droši vien gribēsiet zināt,
01:59
I just said I'm going to record from your
brain, what am I doing with your arm?
brain, what am I doing with your arm?
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kāpēc es tikko teicu, ka ierakstīšu jūsu
smadzenes, un ko es darīšu ar jūsu roku?
smadzenes, un ko es darīšu ar jūsu roku?
02:02
Well, you have about 80 billion neurons
inside your brain right now.
inside your brain right now.
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Jūsu smadzenēs pašlaik
ir ap 80 miljardiem neironu.
ir ap 80 miljardiem neironu.
02:06
They're sending electrical messages
back and forth, and chemical messages.
back and forth, and chemical messages.
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Tie sūta elektroniskus un ķīmiskus
signālus uz visām pusēm.
signālus uz visām pusēm.
02:09
But some of your neurons
right here in your motor cortex
right here in your motor cortex
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Bet daži jūsu neironi šeit motorkorteksā
02:12
are going to send messages down
when you move your arm like this.
when you move your arm like this.
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sūtīs signālu lejup uz jūsu roku, lūk, tā.
02:15
They're going to go down
across your corpus callosum,
across your corpus callosum,
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Tie dosies lejup pa jūsu smadzeņu saikli,
02:17
down onto your spinal cord
to your lower motor neuron
to your lower motor neuron
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pa jūsu muguras smadzenēm
uz apakšējo kustību neironu
uz apakšējo kustību neironu
02:20
out to your muscles here,
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un tad ārā uz muskuļiem šeit,
02:21
and that electrical discharge
is going to be picked up
is going to be picked up
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un to elektronisko lādiņu uztvers
02:24
by these electrodes right here
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šie te elektrodi
02:25
and we're going to be able to listen
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un mēs varēsim dzirdēt
02:27
to exactly what your brain
is going to be doing.
is going to be doing.
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tieši ko jūsu smadzenes darīs.
02:29
So I'm going to turn this on for a second.
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Tātad es ieslēgšu šo uz brīdi.
02:31
Have you ever heard
what your brain sounds like?
what your brain sounds like?
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Esat kādreiz dzirdējusi
kā izklausās jūsu smadzenes?
kā izklausās jūsu smadzenes?
02:34
SK: No.
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S.K.: Nē.
02:35
GG: Let's try it out.
So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
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G.Dž.: Pamēģināsim.
Tagad pakustiniet roku.
Tagad pakustiniet roku.
02:37
(Rumbling)
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(Rūkoņa)
02:38
So what you're listening to,
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Tas, ko jūs dzirdat,
02:40
so this is your motor units
happening right here.
happening right here.
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ir jūsu motordaļiņas, lūk, šeit.
02:44
Let's take a look at it as well.
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Paskatīsimies uz tām arī.
02:46
So I'm going to stand over here,
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Es nostāšos šeit,
02:49
and I'm going to open up our app here.
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un atvēršu mūsu lietotni.
02:52
So now I want you to squeeze.
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Tagad, lūdzu, pakustiniet roku.
02:53
(Rumbling)
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(Rūkoņa)
02:54
So right here, these are the motor units
that are happening
that are happening
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Šīs te ir motordaļiņas,
kas šeit aktivizējas
kas šeit aktivizējas
02:57
from her spinal cord
out to her muscle right here,
out to her muscle right here,
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no muguras smadzenēm uz muskuļiem šeit,
03:00
and as she's doing it,
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un, kad viņa dara tā,
03:01
you're seeing the electrical activity
that's happening here.
that's happening here.
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jūs redzat elektronisku aktivitāti šeit.
03:04
You can even click here
and try to see one of them.
and try to see one of them.
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Jūs pat varat uzklikšķināt šeit
un ieraudzīt vienu no tām.
un ieraudzīt vienu no tām.
03:06
So keep doing it really hard.
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Turpiniet no visa spēka.
03:08
So now we've paused
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Tagad mēs esam apstājušies
03:09
on one motor action potential that's
happening right now inside of your brain.
happening right now inside of your brain.
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pie vienas motordarbības potenciāla,
kas pašlaik norisinās jūsu smadzenēs.
kas pašlaik norisinās jūsu smadzenēs.
03:13
Do you guys want to see some more?
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Vēlaties redzēt vēl?
03:15
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
03:16
That's interesting,
but let's get it better.
but let's get it better.
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Tas ir interesanti, bet būs vēl labāk.
03:18
I need one more volunteer.
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Man vajag vēl vienu brīvprātīgo.
03:21
What is your name, sir?
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Kā jūs sauc, kungs?
Migels Gonsalvess: Migels.
03:24
Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
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03:25
GG: Miguel, all right.
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G.Dž.: Migels, skaidrs.
03:26
You're going to stand right here.
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Nostājieties, lūk, šeit.
03:27
So when you're moving your arm like this,
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Kad jūs kustināt roku šādi,
03:29
your brain is sending a signal
down to your muscles right here.
down to your muscles right here.
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jūsu smadzenes sūta signālu lejup
uz jūsu muskuļiem šeit.
uz jūsu muskuļiem šeit.
03:33
I want you to move your arm as well.
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Pakustiniet, lūdzu, arī savu roku.
03:34
So your brain is going to send
a signal down to your muscles.
a signal down to your muscles.
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Tātad jūsu smadzenes sūtīs signālu
uz jūsu muskuļiem.
uz jūsu muskuļiem.
03:37
And so it turns out that there is
a nerve that's right here
a nerve that's right here
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Un izrādās, ka te ir nervs,
03:41
that runs up here that innervates
these three fingers,
these three fingers,
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kas iet pa šejieni
un inervē šos trīs pirkstus,
un inervē šos trīs pirkstus,
03:44
and it's close enough to the skin
that we might be able
that we might be able
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un tas ir pietiekoši tuvu ādai, lai varētu
03:47
to stimulate that so that what we can do
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to stimulēt tā, lai mēs varētu
03:49
is copy your brain signals
going out to your hand
going out to your hand
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nokopēt smadzeņu signālus,
kas iziet no jūsu rokas,
kas iziet no jūsu rokas,
03:52
and inject it into your hand,
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un ievadīt to jūsējā,
03:54
so that your hand will move
when your brain tells your hand to move.
when your brain tells your hand to move.
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lai pakustinātu jūsu roku, kad jūsu
smadzenes liks jūsu rokai kustēties.
smadzenes liks jūsu rokai kustēties.
03:57
So in a sense, she will take away
your free will
your free will
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Savā ziņā, viņa atņems jūsu brīvo gribu
04:00
and you will no longer have
any control over this hand.
any control over this hand.
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un jūs vairs nekontrolēsiet savu roku.
04:03
You with me?
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Saprotat?
04:05
So I just need to hook you up.
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Tātad, man jūs jāpievieno.
04:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
04:09
So I'm going to find your ulnar nerve,
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Atradīšu jūsu elkoņa nervu,
04:11
which is probably right around here.
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kuram jābūt kaut kur te.
04:14
You don't know what you're signing up for
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Jūs taču nezinājāt, kam pieteicāties,
04:16
when you come up.
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kāpjot uz skatuves.
04:17
So now I'm going to move away
and we're going to plug it in
and we're going to plug it in
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Tagad es atkāpšos un mēs iespraudīsim to
04:20
to our human-to-human interface over here.
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cilvēks-cilvēks saskarnē šeit.
04:24
Okay, so Sam, I want you
to squeeze your hand again.
to squeeze your hand again.
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Labi, Sema, vēlreiz pakustiniet roku.
04:29
Do it again. Perfect.
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Vēlreiz. Lieliski.
04:31
So now I'm going to hook you up
over here so that you get the --
over here so that you get the --
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Tagad es jūs pievienošu šeit,
lai jūs sajustu...
lai jūs sajustu...
04:34
It's going to feel
a little bit weird at first,
a little bit weird at first,
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Sākumā tas būs drusku dīvaini,
04:36
this is going to feel like a --
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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tas būs kā...
(Smiekli)
(Smiekli)
04:38
You know, when you lose your free will,
and someone else becomes your agent,
and someone else becomes your agent,
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Ziniet, kad zaudējat savu brīvo gribu,
un kāds cits pārņem jūsu ķemeni,
un kāds cits pārņem jūsu ķemeni,
04:42
it does feel a bit strange.
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tas ir mazliet dīvaini.
04:44
Now I want you to relax your hand.
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Tagad, lūdzu, atbrīvojiet roku.
04:46
Sam, you're with me?
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Sema, vai esat gatava?
04:47
So you're going to squeeze.
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Jūs tūlīt pakustināsiet roku.
04:48
I'm not going to turn it on yet,
so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
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Es to vēl neieslēgšu,
tāpēc droši sakļaujiet.
tāpēc droši sakļaujiet.
04:52
So now, are you ready, Miguel?
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Esat gatavs, Migel?
04:54
MG: Ready as I'll ever be.
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M.G.: Pilnībā gatavs.
04:56
GG: I've turned it on, so go ahead
and turn your hand.
and turn your hand.
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G.Dž.: Es to ieslēdzu,
un tagad pakustiniet roku.
un tagad pakustiniet roku.
04:59
Do you feel that a little bit?
MG: Nope.
MG: Nope.
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Vai jūtat mazliet?
M.G.: Nemaz.
M.G.: Nemaz.
05:01
GG: Okay, do it again?
MG: A little bit.
MG: A little bit.
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G.Dž.: Labi, vēlreiz?
M.G.: Mazliet.
M.G.: Mazliet.
05:03
GG: A little bit? (Laughter)
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G.Dž.: Mazliet? (Smiekli)
05:04
So relax.
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Atbrīvojieties
05:05
So hit it again.
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Vēlreiz.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
05:08
Oh, perfect, perfect.
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O, lieliski, lieliski.
05:10
So relax, do it again.
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Atbrīvojieties, izdariet to vēlreiz.
05:12
All right, so right now,
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Labi, tagad
05:14
your brain is controlling your arm
and it's also controlling his arm,
and it's also controlling his arm,
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jūsu smadzenes kontrolē jūsu roku
un kontrolē arī viņa roku,
un kontrolē arī viņa roku,
05:19
so go ahead and just do it one more time.
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izdariet tā vēlreiz.
05:21
All right, so it's perfect. (Laughter)
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Labi, brīnišķīgi. (Smiekli)
05:23
So now, what would happen
if I took over my control of your hand?
if I took over my control of your hand?
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Kas notiktu, ja pārņemtu
kontroli pār jūsu roku?
kontroli pār jūsu roku?
05:27
And so, just relax your hand.
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Vienkārši atbrīvojiet roku.
05:29
What happens?
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Kas notiek?
05:31
Ah, nothing.
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Ā, nekas!
05:32
Why not?
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Kāpēc?
05:34
Because the brain has to do it.
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Jo tas jādara smadzenēm.
05:35
So you do it again.
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Izdariet to vēlreiz.
05:37
All right, that's perfect.
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Labi, perfekti.
05:39
Thank you guys for being
such a good sport.
such a good sport.
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Paldies par tik labu līdzdarbību.
05:42
This is what's happening
all across the world --
all across the world --
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Tas notiek visapkārt pasaulei:
05:44
electrophysiology!
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elektrofizioloģija!
05:45
We're going to bring on
the neuro-revolution.
the neuro-revolution.
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Mēs veiksim neirorevolūciju.
05:48
Thank you.
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Paldies.
05:49
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
Translated by Raimonds Jaks
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com