Juan Enriquez: We can reprogram life. How to do it wisely
Juan Enriquez: Możemy przeprogramować życie. Jak to zrobić mądrze?
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
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called Dustin Hoffman.
which some of you may have heard of,
o którym może słyszeliście,
by the old guy to the pool,
zabiera absolwenta na basen
the old guy basically says one word,
what that word is.
it was completely the wrong advice.
for semiconductors had already been made,
being built in 1967,
powstawać w 1967 roku,
the right one word,
onstage -- oh, I don't know --
we might want to give
dać przyszłym absolwentom,
a Tupperware salesman.
jako sprzedawcy plastików.
would you give people,
graduate out by the pool
we have of programming life.
or a whole series of creatures.
albo całą serię stworzeń.
about this incredible ability
i tylko ją przyspieszamy.
for thousands of years,
najróżniejsze formy życia
you get broccoli.
in a second way, you get kale.
all-natural, organic markets,
the lifecode of plants for a long time.
politically neutral term --
intelligent design.
of doing this at random
we're inserting specific proteins,
for very deliberate purposes.
w sposób bardzo celowy.
how this stuff happens.
proces modyfikacji.
might think about sex.
how we've changed sex.
jakim zmianom uległ seks.
and natural to change it.
że zmiany w seksie to norma.
that's perfectly normal and natural,
for most of human history.
większość naszych dziejów.
of the consequences of that,
advanced, like art.
of painting and sculpture,
reproductive technologies.
reproductive technologies?
are things like in vitro fertilization.
there's very good reasons to do it.
musimy mieć ku temu dobry powód.
can't conceive otherwise.
sex, conception, baby.
zapłodnienie i dziecko.
of when you have a baby,
and where the baby is fertilized.
of other things we've been doing,
you can freeze eggs,
komórki jajowe i spermę,
if you're a cancer patient.
or under radiation,
chemio- czy radioterapią
and you can freeze them,
decoupled sex from time.
born -- oh, in 50 years?
w odstępie 50 lat.
really profound changes
wizją odległej przyszłości.
turns out to be a superpower.
powerful way of changing viruses,
have been thinking about for a while.
już od jakiegoś czasu.
like electricity, like an automobile,
elektryczność, samochód, komputery,
potentially can be misused.
beings into chimeras.
where you mix animals?
z greckich mitów?
in a female body or vice versa,
do ciała kobiety i odwrotnie.
you're doing that
during cancer treatments.
podczas leczenia raka.
some fundamental aspects of yourself,
niektórych naszych cech,
that happened 20 years ago.
She graduated as a valedictorian.
i jedną z najlepszych studentek.
born to three parents.
która miała troje rodziców.
chorobę mitochondrialną,
mitochondrial disease
germline engineering,
linię komórek rozrodczych,
if she has kids, will be saved
the various authorities said,
and there are risks to not doing stuff,
ale i wtedy, kiedy nic nie robimy.
saved by this technology,
for the next 20 years.
maybe we should have longer studies,
maybe we should do that,"
konsekwencje naszych decyzji.
and there are consequences to not acting.
chorób śmiertelnych,
is completely unnatural.
jest całkowicie nienaturalne.
for humans to be felled
polio, ospy czarnej czy gruźlicy.
of smallpox, of tuberculosis.
we are putting unnatural things
coś nienaturalnego do organizmu,
outweighs the risk.
przewyższają ryzyko.
unnatural animals,
roślin i zwierząt,
like create new life-forms.
again, that sounds terribly scary
live on your dining room table.
że mamy je na talerzu.
on your dining room table --
that's natural about them,
the flowers to make this color,
your loved one wildflowers
polnych kwiatów,
a whole lot of time.
depended on two principles:
podlegało dwóm zasadom,
i spontanicznym mutacjom.
what was structured,
parallel evolutionary system
selection and non-random mutation.
i indukowanej mutacji.
thousands of years ago
turning them into big dogs
jak zachodzi selekcja naturalna.
are less natural than a cornfield.
mniej naturalnego od pola kukurydzy.
walk through a virgin forest
nigdy nie natkniecie się
growing in orderly rows
through unnatural selection.
it's the same with a rice field.
it's the same with a suburb.
there is what we want,
you don't have grizzly bears
as the Octopus, his nickname.
of the Year in 2000.
that gave him six fingers
ma sześć palców u każdej ręki.
if you're a pitcher.
through the forest
gene-editing instruments,
do edycji genów, CRISPR.
pharmaceutical products,
produktów farmaceutycznych,
w leczeniu zapalenia stawów,
to treat arthritis,
best-selling drug, Humira.
można coś zaprogramować.
that's going to change us
for this stuff.
za tworzony materiał,
what we are choosing.
by a verdict of somebody else.
you break it, you own it.
diversity in this stuff.
różnorodność w tej dziedzinie.
33 versions of hominids
state of this Earth
żyje na Ziemi w tym samym czasie.
walking around at the same time,
ma w sobie coś z neandertalczyka
have some Neanderthal in us.
have a lot more of it.
rośliny, ale nie zwierzęta.
to alter plants but not animals.
to alter themselves.
to evolve themselves.
że jesteśmy bardzo zróżnicowani,
of humans as very diverse,
from a single African mother
jednej afrykańskiej matki.
in 55 African chimpanzees
wykazuje więcej różnic genetycznych
a quarter of the Earth
żeby na 1/4 powierzchni Ziemi
bez naszej ingerencji.
in the oceans, part on land.
a część wody oceanów.
evolutionary decision on this planet.
o całej ewolucji na tej planecie.
nasz system ewolucyjny
our evolutionary system running.
evolutionary system running.
żeby funkcjonowały paralelnie
these two things running in parallel
jakiej doświadczył nasz gatunek,
adventure human beings have been on.
humans have ever had.
jaką kiedykolwiek posiadaliśmy.
not to participate in this stuff
w tworzeniu zasad etyki,
You can participate in the politics.
politycznych czy biznesowych.
dokąd zmierza medycyna,
about where medicine is going,
próbując posiąść świat.
shows up at a swimming pool
if that word is "lifecode."
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com