TED2012
Andrew Stanton: The clues to a great story
Andrew Stanton: Vodítka ku skvelému príbehu
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Filmár Andrew Stanton ("Toy Story - Boj hračiek", "WALL-E") zdieľa, čo vie o rozprávaní príbehov -- začínajúc na konci a prepracúvajúc sa naspäť na začiatok. (Obsahuje nevhodné slová ...)
Andrew Stanton - Filmmaker
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March. Full bio
Andrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
A tourist is backpacking
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Turista s ruksakom ide
00:17
through the highlands of Scotland,
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cez vysočiny Škótska
00:19
and he stops at a pub to get a drink.
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a zastaví sa v krčme na drink.
00:21
And the only people in there is a bartender
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A jediní ľudia, čo sú tam, sú barman
00:23
and an old man nursing a beer.
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a starý muž sklonený nad pivom.
00:25
And he orders a pint, and they sit in silence for a while.
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Objedná si pivo a chvíľu potichu sedia.
00:27
And suddenly the old man turns to him and goes,
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A zrazu sa k nemu ten starý muž otočí a hovori:
00:29
"You see this bar?
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"Vidíte tento bar?
00:31
I built this bar with my bare hands
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Postavil som ho holými rukami
00:33
from the finest wood in the county.
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z najlepšieho dreva v kraji.
00:35
Gave it more love and care than my own child.
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Vložil som doň viac lásky a starostlivosti, ako do vlastného dieťaťa.
00:38
But do they call me MacGregor the bar builder? No."
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Ale hovoria mi MacGregor - staviteľ baru? Nie."
00:41
Points out the window.
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Ukáže von oknom.
00:43
"You see that stone wall out there?
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"Vidíte tú stenu z kameňa tam vonku?
00:45
I built that stone wall with my bare hands.
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Postavil som tú stenu holými rukami.
00:48
Found every stone, placed them just so through the rain and the cold.
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Založil som každý kameň, umiestnil ich za dažďa a v chlade.
00:51
But do they call me MacGregor the stone wall builder? No."
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Ale hovoria mi MacGregor - staviteľ kamennej steny? Nie."
00:54
Points out the window.
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Ukáže von oknom.
00:56
"You see that pier on the lake out there?
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Vidíte to mólo tamto na jazere?
00:58
I built that pier with my bare hands.
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Postavil som ho holými rukami.
01:00
Drove the pilings against the tide of the sand, plank by plank.
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Nastaval som stĺpy napriek prílivu piesku, dosku za doskou.
01:04
But do they call me MacGregor the pier builder? No.
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Ale hovoria mi MacGregor - staviteľ móla? Nie.
01:08
But you fuck one goat ... "
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Ale pretiahnete jednu kozu..."
01:11
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
01:22
Storytelling --
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Rozprávanie príbehov --
01:24
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
01:26
is joke telling.
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je rozprávaním vtipu.
01:29
It's knowing your punchline,
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Znamená to poznať pointu,
01:31
your ending,
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zakončenie,
01:33
knowing that everything you're saying, from the first sentence to the last,
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byť si vedomý, že všetko, čo hovoríte, od prvej vety po poslednú,
01:36
is leading to a singular goal,
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vedie k jedinému cieľu
01:38
and ideally confirming some truth
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a ideálne potvrdzuje nejakú pravdu,
01:41
that deepens our understandings
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ktorá prehĺbi naše porozumenie toho,
01:43
of who we are as human beings.
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kto sme ako ľudské bytosti.
01:46
We all love stories.
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Všetci milujeme príbehy.
01:48
We're born for them.
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Narodili sme sa pre ne.
01:50
Stories affirm who we are.
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Príbehy potvrdzujú, kto sme.
01:52
We all want affirmations that our lives have meaning.
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Všetci chceme potvrdenia, že naše životy majú zmysel.
01:54
And nothing does a greater affirmation
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A nič nepotvrdí viac,
01:56
than when we connect through stories.
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ako keď sa spojíme cez príbehy.
01:58
It can cross the barriers of time,
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Môže to preklenúť bariéry času,
02:00
past, present and future,
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minulosť, prítomnosť a budúcnosť
02:02
and allow us to experience
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a môže nám dovoliť zažiť
02:04
the similarities between ourselves
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podobnosti medzi nami
02:06
and through others, real and imagined.
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a cez iných, skutočných, alebo vymyslených.
02:09
The children's television host Mr. Rogers
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Moderátor detskej televízie Mr. Rogers
02:12
always carried in his wallet
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vždy nosil vo svojej peňaženke
02:14
a quote from a social worker
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citát od sociálneho pracovníka,
02:17
that said, "Frankly, there isn't anyone you couldn't learn to love
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ktorý hovoril: "Úprimne, niet nikoho, koho by si sa nemohol naučiť milovať,
02:20
once you've heard their story."
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ak si si raz vypočul jeho príbeh."
02:22
And the way I like to interpret that
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A spôsob, akým to rád vykladám,
02:24
is probably the greatest story commandment,
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je asi najväčším prikázaním príbehu,
02:29
which is "Make me care" --
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ktoré je "donúťte ma starať sa" --
02:32
please, emotionally,
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prosím, emocionálne,
02:34
intellectually, aesthetically,
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intelektuálne, esteticky,
02:36
just make me care.
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len ma prinúťte starať sa.
02:38
We all know what it's like to not care.
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Všetci vieme, aké to je nestarať sa.
02:40
You've gone through hundreds of TV channels,
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Prešli ste stovkami televíznych kanálov,
02:43
just switching channel after channel,
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iba tak prepínajúc kanál za kanálom
02:45
and then suddenly you actually stop on one.
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a potom sa zrazu na jednom zastavíte.
02:47
It's already halfway over,
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Polovica sa už odohrala,
02:49
but something's caught you and you're drawn in and you care.
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ale niečo vás chytilo a ste priťahovaní dnu a staráte sa.
02:52
That's not by chance,
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To nie je náhoda,
02:54
that's by design.
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to je zámer.
02:56
So it got me thinking, what if I told you my history was story,
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Takže to ma prinútilo zamyslieť sa, čo keby som vám povedal, že moja história bola príbehom,
03:00
how I was born for it,
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ako som sa preň narodil,
03:02
how I learned along the way this subject matter?
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ako som sa postupne naučil, že na tejto téme záleží?
03:05
And to make it more interesting,
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A aby som to spravil zaujímavejším,
03:07
we'll start from the ending
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začneme od konca
03:09
and we'll go to the beginning.
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a pôjdeme na začiatok.
03:11
And so if I were going to give you the ending of this story,
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A tak ak by som vám mal dať koniec príbehu,
03:14
it would go something like this:
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bolo by to asi takto nejako:
03:16
And that's what ultimately led me
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A to ma napokon priviedlo k tomu,
03:18
to speaking to you here at TED
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aby som rozprával tu na TED-e
03:20
about story.
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o príbehu.
03:23
And the most current story lesson that I've had
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A najaktuálnejšia lekcia príbehu, ktorú som dostal,
03:26
was completing the film I've just done
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bola skompletizovanie filmu, ktorý som práve urobil
03:28
this year in 2012.
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tento rok v 2012.
03:30
The film is "John Carter." It's based on a book called "The Princess of Mars,"
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Ten film je "John Carter". Je založený na knihe s názvom "Pod dvoma mesiacmi Marsu",
03:33
which was written by Edgar Rice Burroughs.
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ktorú napísal Edgar Rice Burroughs.
03:35
And Edgar Rice Burroughs actually put himself
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A Edgar Rice Burroughs sa dokonca sám vložil
03:38
as a character inside this movie, and as the narrator.
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do tohto filmu ako postava a ako rozprávač.
03:41
And he's summoned by his rich uncle, John Carter, to his mansion
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A jeho bohatý strýko, John Carter, ho zavolal do svojho sídla
03:44
with a telegram saying, "See me at once."
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telegramom, ktorý hovoril: "Okamžite ma navštív."
03:46
But once he gets there,
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Ale keď tam prišiel,
03:48
he's found out that his uncle has mysteriously passed away
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zistil, že jeho strýko záhadne umrel
03:52
and been entombed in a mausoleum on the property.
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a bol uložený do hrobky v mauzóleu na svojom pozemku.
03:56
(Video) Butler: You won't find a keyhole.
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(video) Komorník: Nenájdete kľúčovú dierku.
03:58
Thing only opens from the inside.
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Tá vec sa otvára iba zvnútra.
04:01
He insisted,
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Trval na tom,
04:03
no embalming, no open coffin,
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žiadne balzamovanie, žiadna otvorená rakva,
04:05
no funeral.
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žiadny pohreb.
04:07
You don't acquire the kind of wealth your uncle commanded
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Nezískate také bohatstvo, aké váš strýko ovládal, tým,
04:09
by being like the rest of us, huh?
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že budete ako my ostatní, že?
04:12
Come, let's go inside.
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Poďte, poďme dnu.
04:33
AS: What this scene is doing, and it did in the book,
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AS: Čo táto scéna robí, tak ako aj v knihe, je,
04:35
is it's fundamentally making a promise.
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že v podstate utvára prísľub.
04:37
It's making a promise to you
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Sľubuje vám,
04:39
that this story will lead somewhere that's worth your time.
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že tento príbeh povedie smerom, ktorý bude stáť za váš čas.
04:41
And that's what all good stories should do at the beginning, is they should give you a promise.
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A to je to, čo by mali všetky dobré príbehy robiť na začiatku - dať vám prísľub.
04:44
You could do it an infinite amount of ways.
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Môžete to robiť nekonečným množstvom spôsobov.
04:46
Sometimes it's as simple as "Once upon a time ... "
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Niekedy je to také jednoduché, ako "Kde bolo, tam bolo..."
04:50
These Carter books always had Edgar Rice Burroughs as a narrator in it.
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V týchto knihách o Carterovi bol vždy rozprávačom Edgar Rice Burroughs.
04:53
And I always thought it was such a fantastic device.
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A vždy som si myslel, že je to fantastický nástroj.
04:55
It's like a guy inviting you around the campfire,
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Je to, ako keď vás nejaký chlapík pozve posadať si okolo ohniska,
04:58
or somebody in a bar saying, "Here, let me tell you a story.
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alebo niekto pri bare povie: "Počuj, poviem ti príbeh."
05:01
It didn't happen to me, it happened to somebody else,
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Nestalo sa to mne, stalo sa to niekomu inému,
05:03
but it's going to be worth your time."
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ale bude to stáť za váš čas."
05:05
A well told promise
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Dobre vyslovený prísľub
05:07
is like a pebble being pulled back in a slingshot
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je ako kamienok natiahnutý v praku
05:11
and propels you forward through the story
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a vystrelí vás vpred skrz príbeh
05:13
to the end.
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až do konca.
05:15
In 2008,
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V roku 2008
05:17
I pushed all the theories that I had on story at the time
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som všetky teórie, čo som mal vtedy o príbehu,
05:20
to the limits of my understanding on this project.
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doviedol do krajnosti môjho porozumenia tohto projektu.
05:23
(Video) (Mechanical Sounds)
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(video) (mechanické zvuky)
05:53
♫ And that is all ♫
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♫A to je všetko,♫
05:58
♫ that love's about ♫
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♫o čom je láska.♫
06:04
♫ And we'll recall ♫
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♫A spomenieme si,♫
06:09
♫ when time runs out ♫
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♫keď čas vyprší,♫
06:17
♫ That it only ♫
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♫že to iba...♫
06:24
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
06:26
AS: Storytelling without dialogue.
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AS: Rozprávanie príbehu bez dialógu.
06:28
It's the purest form of cinematic storytelling.
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Je to najčistejšia forma filmového rozprávania príbehu.
06:30
It's the most inclusive approach you can take.
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Je to najobsažnejší prístup, aký môžete použiť.
06:33
It confirmed something I really had a hunch on,
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Potvrdilo to niečo, čo som tušil,
06:35
is that the audience
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že diváci
06:37
actually wants to work for their meal.
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vlastne chcú pracovať na svoje jedlo.
06:39
They just don't want to know that they're doing that.
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Lenže nechcú vedieť, že to robia.
06:42
That's your job as a storyteller,
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To je vaša práca ako rozprávač príbehov,
06:44
is to hide the fact
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aby ste ukryli ten fakt,
06:46
that you're making them work for their meal.
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že ich nútite pracovať na svoje jedlo.
06:48
We're born problem solvers.
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Sme rodení riešitelia problémov.
06:50
We're compelled to deduce
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Sme nútení vyvodzovať závery,
06:52
and to deduct,
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a odčítavať,
06:54
because that's what we do in real life.
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pretože to robíme v skutočnom živote.
06:56
It's this well-organized absence of information
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Je to dobre organizovaný nedostatok informácii,
06:59
that draws us in.
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ktorý nás ťahá dnu.
07:01
There's a reason that we're all attracted to an infant or a puppy.
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Existuje dôvod, prečo nás priťahuje dieťa, alebo malý psík.
07:04
It's not just that they're damn cute;
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Nie je to len preto, že sú strašne milé;
07:06
it's because they can't completely express
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je to preto, že nevedia úplne vyjadriť,
07:09
what they're thinking and what their intentions are.
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na čo myslia a aké majú zámery.
07:11
And it's like a magnet.
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A je to ako magnet.
07:13
We can't stop ourselves
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Nemôžeme prestať
07:15
from wanting to complete the sentence and fill it in.
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chcieť dokončiť vetu a doplniť ju.
07:17
I first started
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Prvý krát som začal
07:19
really understanding this storytelling device
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skutočne rozumieť tomuto nástroju rozprávania príbehu,
07:21
when I was writing with Bob Peterson on "Finding Nemo."
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keď som písal s Bobom Petersonom "Hľadá sa Nemo".
07:23
And we would call this the unifying theory of two plus two.
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A nazvali sme to zjednocujúcou teóriou dvoch a dvoch.
07:26
Make the audience put things together.
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Nech si diváci dajú veci dokopy.
07:28
Don't give them four,
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Nedajte im štyri,
07:30
give them two plus two.
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dajte im dva plus dva.
07:32
The elements you provide and the order you place them in
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Čiastočky, ktoré poskytnete a poradie, v ktorom ich uložíte,
07:35
is crucial to whether you succeed or fail at engaging the audience.
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sú rozhodujúce pri tom, či uspejete alebo zlyháte pri zaujatí divákov.
07:38
Editors and screenwriters have known this all along.
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Strihači a scenáristi to vedeli od začiatku.
07:41
It's the invisible application
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Je to tá neviditeľná aplikácia,
07:43
that holds our attention to story.
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ktorá udržuje našu pozornosť voči príbehu.
07:45
I don't mean to make it sound
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Nechcem, aby to znelo,
07:47
like this is an actual exact science, it's not.
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akoby to bola vlastne precízna veda, nie je.
07:50
That's what's so special about stories,
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To je to, čo je také špeciálne na príbehoch,
07:52
they're not a widget, they aren't exact.
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nie sú nástrojom, nie sú precízne.
07:55
Stories are inevitable, if they're good,
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Príbehy sú nevyhnutné, ak sú dobré,
07:57
but they're not predictable.
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ale nie sú predvídateľné.
07:59
I took a seminar in this year
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Tohto roku som bol na seminári
08:02
with an acting teacher named Judith Weston.
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s učiteľkou herectva menom Judith Westonová.
08:05
And I learned a key insight to character.
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A naučil som sa kľúčovému náhľadu na postavu.
08:07
She believed that all well-drawn characters
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Ona verí, že všetky dobre vykreslené postavy
08:10
have a spine.
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majú chrbticu.
08:12
And the idea is that the character has an inner motor,
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Podstatou je, že postava má vnútorný motor,
08:14
a dominant, unconscious goal that they're striving for,
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dominantný, nevedomý cieľ, o ktorý sa usilujú,
08:17
an itch that they can't scratch.
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svrbenie, ktoré si nemôžu poškrabať.
08:19
She gave a wonderful example of Michael Corleone,
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Rozprávala vynikajúci príklad Michaela Corleoneho,
08:21
Al Pacino's character in "The Godfather,"
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postavy Al Pacina v "Krstnom otcovi",
08:23
and that probably his spine
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ktorého chrbtovou kosťou bolo,
08:25
was to please his father.
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aby vyhovel svojmu otcovi.
08:27
And it's something that always drove all his choices.
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A to je niečo, čo vždy hnalo všetky jeho rozhodnutia.
08:29
Even after his father died,
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Dokonca aj potom, čo umrel jeho otec,
08:31
he was still trying to scratch that itch.
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sa snažil poškrabať si to svrbenie.
08:35
I took to this like a duck to water.
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Chytil som sa toho ako kačka na vodu.
08:38
Wall-E's was to find the beauty.
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Wall-E-ho svrbenie bolo nájsť krásu.
08:41
Marlin's, the father in "Finding Nemo,"
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Marlinovo, ktorý je otcom v "Hľadá sa Nemo",
08:44
was to prevent harm.
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bolo zabrániť ublíženiu.
08:47
And Woody's was to do what was best for his child.
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Woodyho bolo robiť to, čo bolo najlepšie pre jeho dieťa.
08:50
And these spines don't always drive you to make the best choices.
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A tieto chrbtice nevedú vždy ku správnym rozhodnutiam.
08:53
Sometimes you can make some horrible choices with them.
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Niekedy s nimi môžete urobiť hrozné rozhodnutia.
08:56
I'm really blessed to be a parent,
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Som skutočne požehnaný, že som rodičom
08:58
and watching my children grow, I really firmly believe
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a sledujúc, ako moje deti rastú, skutočne pevne verím,
09:01
that you're born with a temperament and you're wired a certain way,
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že ste narodení s nejakou povahou a ste nejakým spôsobom pevne spojení
09:04
and you don't have any say about it,
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a nemôžete k tomu nič povedať
09:07
and there's no changing it.
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a nedá sa to zmeniť.
09:09
All you can do is learn to recognize it
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Všetko, čo musíte, je naučiť sa rozpoznať ju
09:12
and own it.
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a ovládnuť ju.
09:15
And some of us are born with temperaments that are positive,
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A niektorí z nás sú narodení s povahami, ktoré sú pozitívne,
09:17
some are negative.
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niektoré sú negatívne.
09:19
But a major threshold is passed
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Ale významnejší prah je prekonaný,
09:22
when you mature enough
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keď ste dostatočne dospelí,
09:24
to acknowledge what drives you
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aby ste zistili, čo vás ženie,
09:26
and to take the wheel and steer it.
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a aby ste vzali volant a točili ním.
09:28
As parents, you're always learning who your children are.
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Ako rodičia sa vždy učíte, kto sú vaše deti.
09:31
They're learning who they are.
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Oni sa učia, kto sú.
09:33
And you're still learning who you are.
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A stále sa učíte, kto ste vy.
09:35
So we're all learning all the time.
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Takže učíme sa neustále.
09:38
And that's why change is fundamental in story.
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A preto je zmena v príbehu podstatná.
09:41
If things go static, stories die,
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Ak veci ostanú stáť, príbehy umrú,
09:43
because life is never static.
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pretože život nikdy nie je statický.
09:46
In 1998,
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V roku 1998
09:48
I had finished writing "Toy Story" and "A Bug's Life"
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som dopísal "Toy Story - Vojna hračiek" a "Život chrobáka"
09:50
and I was completely hooked on screenwriting.
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a úplne ma pohltilo písanie scenárov.
09:52
So I wanted to become much better at it and learn anything I could.
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Takže som sa chcel stať v tom oveľa lepší a naučiť sa, čo sa dalo.
09:55
So I researched everything I possibly could.
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Takže som skúmal všetko, čo som vôbec mohol.
09:58
And I finally came across this fantastic quote
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A nakoniec som prišiel na tento fantastický citát
10:00
by a British playwright, William Archer:
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od britského autora hier, Williama Archera:
10:03
"Drama is anticipation
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"Hra je očakávanie
10:05
mingled with uncertainty."
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zmiešané s neistotou."
10:07
It's an incredibly insightful definition.
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Je to definícia s neuveriteľným náhľadom.
10:10
When you're telling a story,
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Keď rozprávate príbeh,
10:12
have you constructed anticipation?
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skonštruovali ste očakávanie?
10:14
In the short-term, have you made me want to know
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Z krátkodobého hľadiska, prinútili ste ma, aby som chcel vedieť,
10:16
what will happen next?
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čo sa stane ďalej?
10:18
But more importantly,
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Ale čo je dôležitejšie,
10:20
have you made me want to know
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prinútili ste ma, aby som chcel vedieť,
10:22
how it will all conclude in the long-term?
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ako sa to celé skončí z dlhodobého hľadiska?
10:24
Have you constructed honest conflicts
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Skonštruovali ste úprimné konflikty
10:26
with truth that creates doubt
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s pravdou, ktorá vytvára pochybnosť
10:28
in what the outcome might be?
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v tom, aký bude výsledok?
10:30
An example would be in "Finding Nemo,"
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Príklad by bol v "Hľadá sa Nemo",
10:32
in the short tension, you were always worried,
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v krátkodobom napätí sa vždy obávate,
10:34
would Dory's short-term memory
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či Doryina krátkodobá pamäť
10:36
make her forget whatever she was being told by Marlin.
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spôsobí, že zabudne čokoľvek, čo jej povedal Marlin.
10:38
But under that was this global tension
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Ale pod tým bolo toto celkové napätie:
10:40
of will we ever find Nemo
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či nájde niekedy Nema
10:42
in this huge, vast ocean?
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v tomto obrovskom, šírom oceáne?
10:44
In our earliest days at Pixar,
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V našich skorších časoch v Pixare
10:46
before we truly understood the invisible workings of story,
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než sme skutočne pochopili neviditeľné pôsobenia príbehu,
10:49
we were simply a group of guys just going on our gut, going on our instincts.
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boli sme jednoducho iba skupinka chlapíkov spoliehajúcich sa na inštinkty.
10:52
And it's interesting to see
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A je zaujímavé vidieť,
10:54
how that led us places
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ako nás to zaviedlo na miesta,
10:56
that were actually pretty good.
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ktoré vlastne boli celkom dobré.
10:58
You've got to remember that in this time of year,
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Musíte mať na pamäti, že v tom čase,
11:01
1993,
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v 1993,
11:03
what was considered a successful animated picture
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za úspešný animovaný film boli považované
11:06
was "The Little Mermaid," "Beauty and the Beast,"
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"Malá morská víla", "Kráska a zviera",
11:09
"Aladdin," "Lion King."
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"Aladdin", "Leví kráľ".
11:11
So when we pitched "Toy Story" to Tom Hanks for the first time,
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Takže keď sme nadhodili "Toy Story" Tomovi Hanksovi prvý krát,
11:14
he walked in and he said,
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vošiel a povedal:
11:16
"You don't want me to sing, do you?"
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"Nechcete, aby som spieval, že?"
11:18
And I thought that epitomized perfectly
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A ja som rozmýšľal, že to perfektne stelesňuje,
11:20
what everybody thought animation had to be at the time.
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aká v tom čase podľa všetkých mala byť animácia.
11:23
But we really wanted to prove
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Ale naozaj sme chceli dokázať,
11:25
that you could tell stories completely different in animation.
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že môžete vyrozprávať príbehy v animácii úplne inak.
11:28
We didn't have any influence then,
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Vtedy sme nemali žiadny vplyv,
11:30
so we had a little secret list of rules
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takže sme mali malý tajný zoznam pravidiel,
11:32
that we kept to ourselves.
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ktorý sme si nechávali pre seba.
11:34
And they were: No songs,
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A tie boli: žiadne piesne,
11:37
no "I want" moment,
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žiadny moment typu "ja chcem",
11:39
no happy village,
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žiadna šťastná dedinka,
11:41
no love story.
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žiadna love story.
11:43
And the irony is that, in the first year,
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A irónia je, že v prvom roku
11:45
our story was not working at all
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náš príbeh vôbec nefungoval
11:47
and Disney was panicking.
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a Disney panikáril.
11:49
So they privately got advice
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Takže si súkromne nechali poradiť
11:52
from a famous lyricist, who I won't name,
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od známeho textára, ktorého nebudem menovať
11:54
and he faxed them some suggestions.
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a on im odfaxoval niekoľko návrhov.
11:56
And we got a hold of that fax.
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A my sme sa dostali k tomu faxu.
11:58
And the fax said,
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A fax hovoril,
12:00
there should be songs,
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že by tam mali byť pesničky,
12:02
there should be an "I want" song,
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mala by tam byť pesnička typu "ja chcem",
12:04
there should be a happy village song,
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mala by tam byť pesnička o šťastnej dedinke,
12:06
there should be a love story
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mala by tam byť love story
12:08
and there should be a villain.
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a mal by tam byť zloduch.
12:10
And thank goodness
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A vďakabohu
12:12
we were just too young, rebellious and contrarian at the time.
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boli sme vtedy príliš mladí, rebelantskí a antagonistický.
12:15
That just gave us more determination
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Kvôli tomu sme boli ešte viac rozhodnutí,
12:18
to prove that you could build a better story.
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aby sme dokázali, že sa dá spraviť lepší príbeh.
12:20
And a year after that, we did conquer it.
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A rok nato, sme to dobyli.
12:22
And it just went to prove
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A to iba ďalej potvrdilo,
12:24
that storytelling has guidelines,
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že rozprávanie príbehu má smernice,
12:26
not hard, fast rules.
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nie tvrdé, pevné pravidlá.
12:28
Another fundamental thing we learned
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Ďalšia základná vec, ktorú sme sa naučili,
12:30
was about liking your main character.
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bola o láske k vášmu hlavnému hrdinovi.
12:32
And we had naively thought,
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A naivne sme si mysleli,
12:34
well Woody in "Toy Story" has to become selfless at the end,
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že Woody v "Toy Story" sa musí stať na konci nesebecký,
12:36
so you've got to start from someplace.
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takže treba z niekade začať.
12:38
So let's make him selfish. And this is what you get.
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Takže spravme ho sebeckým. A toto dostanete.
12:41
(Voice Over) Woody: What do you think you're doing?
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(dabing) Woody: Čo si myslíte, že robíte?
12:43
Off the bed.
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Dole z postele.
12:45
Hey, off the bed!
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Hej, dole z postele!
12:47
Mr. Potato Head: You going to make us, Woody?
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Pán Zemiaková hlava: Donútiš nás, Woody?
12:49
Woody: No, he is.
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Woody: Nie, to on.
12:51
Slinky? Slink ... Slinky!
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Slinky? Slink... Slinky!
12:55
Get up here and do your job.
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Poď sem hore a sprav si svoju prácu.
12:57
Are you deaf?
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Si hluchý?
12:59
I said, take care of them.
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Povedal som, postaraj sa o nich.
13:01
Slinky: I'm sorry, Woody,
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Slinky: Prepáč, Woody,
13:03
but I have to agree with them.
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ale musím s nimi súhlasiť.
13:05
I don't think what you did was right.
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Nemyslím, že čo si urobil, bolo správne.
13:07
Woody: What? Am I hearing correctly?
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Woody: Čože? Počujem dobre?
13:10
You don't think I was right?
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Nemyslíš, že som mal pravdu?
13:12
Who said your job was to think, Spring Wiener?
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Kto povedal, že tvojou prácou je rozmýšľať, Strunkový párok?
13:17
AS: So how do you make a selfish character likable?
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AS: Takže ako spravíme sebeckú postavu sympatickou?
13:19
We realized, you can make him kind,
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Uvedomili sme si, že ho môžete urobiť milým,
13:21
generous, funny, considerate,
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štedrým, zábavným, pozorným,
13:23
as long as one condition is met for him,
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pokiaľ spĺňa jednu podmienku,
13:25
is that he stays the top toy.
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že ostane najlepšou hračkou.
13:27
And that's what it really is,
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A o tom to naozaj je,
13:29
is that we all live life conditionally.
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že všetci žijeme život podmienečne.
13:31
We're all willing to play by the rules and follow things along,
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Sme ochotní hrať podľa pravidiel a držať sa vecí,
13:33
as long as certain conditions are met.
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pokiaľ sú splnené určité podmienky.
13:36
After that, all bets are off.
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Potom, všetky stávky sa rušia.
13:38
And before I'd even decided to make storytelling my career,
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A predtým, ako som sa vôbec rozhodol spraviť rozprávačstvo mojou kariérou,
13:41
I can now see key things that happened in my youth
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teraz jasne vidím kľúčové veci, ktoré sa mi prihodili v mladosti,
13:43
that really sort of opened my eyes
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ktoré mi skutočne akoby otvorili oči
13:45
to certain things about story.
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voči niektorým veciam o príbehu.
13:47
In 1986, I truly understood the notion
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V 1986 som skutočne pochopil tú myšlienku,
13:50
of story having a theme.
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že príbeh má mať hlavnú myšlienku.
13:53
And that was the year that they restored and re-released
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A to bol rok, kedy obnovili a znova vydali
13:56
"Lawrence of Arabia."
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"Lawrencea z Arábie".
13:58
And I saw that thing seven times in one month.
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A videl som tú vec sedem krát za jeden mesiac.
14:01
I couldn't get enough of it.
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Nemohol som sa toho nabažiť.
14:03
I could just tell there was a grand design under it --
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Bolo zjavné, že za tým bol veľký zámer --
14:06
in every shot, every scene, every line.
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v každom zábere, v každej scéne, v každej replike.
14:08
Yet, on the surface it just seemed
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Aj tak to na povrchu vyzeralo,
14:10
to be depicting his historical lineage
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že to iba zobrazuje historickú súslednosť
14:13
of what went on.
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toho, čo sa dialo potom.
14:15
Yet, there was something more being said. What exactly was it?
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Ale aj tak bolo treba ešte niečo vypovedať. Čo presne to bolo?
14:17
And it wasn't until, on one of my later viewings,
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A až pri jednom z neskorších zhliadnutí
14:19
that the veil was lifted
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sa závoj zdvihol
14:21
and it was in a scene where he's walked across the Sinai Desert
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a bolo to v scéne, kde kráčal naprieč sinajskú púšť
14:24
and he's reached the Suez Canal,
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a dosiahol Suezský prieplav
14:26
and I suddenly got it.
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a zrazu som na to prišiel.
14:33
(Video) Boy: Hey! Hey! Hey! Hey!
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(video) Chlapec: Hej! Hej! Hej! Hej!
14:46
Cyclist: Who are you?
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Motocyklista: Kto ste?
14:50
Who are you?
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Kto ste?
14:53
AS: That was the theme: Who are you?
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AS: To bola hlavná myšlienka: kto ste?
14:56
Here were all these seemingly disparate
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Tu boli všetky zdanlivo nezlučiteľné
14:58
events and dialogues
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udalosti a dialógy
15:00
that just were chronologically telling the history of him,
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ktoré iba chronologicky rozprávali o ňom príbeh,
15:03
but underneath it was a constant,
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ale pod tým to bola konštanta,
15:05
a guideline, a road map.
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smernica, mapa cesty.
15:07
Everything Lawrence did in that movie
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Všetko, čo Lawrence v tom filme urobil,
15:09
was an attempt for him to figure out where his place was in the world.
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bol preňho pokus zistiť, kde je jeho miesto vo svete.
15:12
A strong theme is always running through
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Silná téma vždy beží skrz
15:15
a well-told story.
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dobre vypovedaný príbeh.
15:18
When I was five,
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Keď som mal päť rokov,
15:20
I was introduced to possibly the most major ingredient
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bola mi predstavená asi najväčšia zložka
15:23
that I feel a story should have,
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ktorú som cítil, že by príbeh mal mať,
15:26
but is rarely invoked.
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ale je zriedkavo vyvolaná.
15:28
And this is what my mother took me to when I was five.
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A do tohto ma mama voviedla, keď som mal päť.
15:34
(Video) Thumper: Come on. It's all right.
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(video) Thumper: Poďme. To je v poriadku.
15:37
Look.
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Pozri.
15:39
The water's stiff.
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Voda je tvrdá.
15:45
Bambi: Yippee!
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Bambi: Jupí!
15:57
Thumper: Some fun,
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Thumper: Zábava,
15:59
huh, Bambi?
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že, Bambi?
16:02
Come on. Get up.
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Poďme. Vstaň.
16:04
Like this.
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Takto.
16:24
Ha ha. No, no, no.
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Haha. Nie, nie, nie.
16:27
AS: I walked out of there
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AS: Vyšiel som odtiaľ
16:29
wide-eyed with wonder.
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s očami rozšírenými od údivu.
16:31
And that's what I think the magic ingredient is,
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A to si myslím, že je tá magická zložka,
16:33
the secret sauce,
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tajná omáčka,
16:35
is can you invoke wonder.
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či dokážete vyvolať údiv.
16:37
Wonder is honest, it's completely innocent.
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Údiv je úprimný, úplne nevinný.
16:39
It can't be artificially evoked.
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Nemôže byť umelo vyvolaný.
16:41
For me, there's no greater ability
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Pre mňa niet väčšej schopnosti,
16:43
than the gift of another human being giving you that feeling --
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ako dar, keď iná ľudská bytosť vám dá ten pocit --
16:46
to hold them still just for a brief moment in their day
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aby ostali zmrazení iba na krátky moment počas dňa,
16:49
and have them surrender to wonder.
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a aby sa odovzdali údivu.
16:51
When it's tapped, the affirmation of being alive,
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Keď je potvrdené to, že žijú,
16:54
it reaches you almost to a cellular level.
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zasiahne vás to takmer až na bunkovej úrovni.
16:57
And when an artist does that to another artist,
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A ak to umelec urobí inému umelcovi,
16:59
it's like you're compelled to pass it on.
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je to, akoby ste mali povinnosť odovzdať to ďalej.
17:01
It's like a dormant command
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Je to ako skrytý povel
17:03
that suddenly is activated in you, like a call to Devil's Tower.
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ktorý je vo vás náhle aktivovaný, ako zvolanie do Diablovej veže.
17:06
Do unto others what's been done to you.
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Robte iným, čo sa robilo vám.
17:09
The best stories infuse wonder.
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Najlepšie príbehy sú nasiaknuté údivom.
17:12
When I was four years old,
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Keď som mal štyri roky,
17:14
I have a vivid memory
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mám v živej pamäti,
17:16
of finding two pinpoint scars on my ankle
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že som si našiel na členku dve jazvy veľkosti špendlíka
17:19
and asking my dad what they were.
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a spýtal som sa otca, čo to je.
17:21
And he said I had a matching pair like that on my head,
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A on povedal, že mám rovnaký pár na hlave,
17:23
but I couldn't see them because of my hair.
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ale nemohol som ich vidieť kvôli vlasom.
17:25
And he explained that when I was born,
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A vysvetlil, že keď som sa narodil,
17:27
I was born premature,
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narodil som sa predčasne,
17:29
that I came out much too early,
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že som vyšiel von príliš skoro
17:32
and I wasn't fully baked;
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a nebol som celkom upečený;
17:34
I was very, very sick.
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bol som veľmi, veľmi chorý.
17:36
And when the doctor took a look at this yellow kid with black teeth,
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A keď doktor sa pozrel na toto žlté decko s čiernymi zubami,
17:39
he looked straight at my mom and said,
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pozrel sa priamo na mamu a povedal:
17:41
"He's not going to live."
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"Nebude žiť."
17:44
And I was in the hospital for months.
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A bol som v nemocnici mesiace.
17:47
And many blood transfusions later,
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A o veľa transfúzii krvi neskôr,
17:49
I lived,
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žil som
17:51
and that made me special.
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a to ma urobilo špeciálnym.
17:54
I don't know if I really believe that.
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Neviem, či tomu skutočne verím.
17:57
I don't know if my parents really believe that,
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Neviem, či moji rodičia tomu skutočne veria,
18:00
but I didn't want to prove them wrong.
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ale chcel som dokázať, že sa nemýlili.
18:03
Whatever I ended up being good at,
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V čomkoľvek som bol nakoniec dobrý,
18:06
I would strive to be worthy of the second chance I was given.
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snažil som sa byť hodný tej druhej šance, ktorú som dostal.
18:10
(Video) (Crying)
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(video) (plač)
18:23
Marlin: There, there, there.
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Marlin: No tak, no tak, no tak.
18:26
It's okay, daddy's here.
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To je oukej, otecko je tu.
18:29
Daddy's got you.
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Otecko ťa drží.
18:34
I promise,
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Sľubujem,
18:36
I will never let anything happen to you, Nemo.
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nikdy nedovolím, aby sa ti niečo stalo, Nemo.
18:40
AS: And that's the first story lesson I ever learned.
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AS: A to je prvá lekcia z príbehov, ktorú som sa kedy naučil.
18:44
Use what you know. Draw from it.
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Použi, čo vieš. Vychádzaj z toho.
18:46
It doesn't always mean plot or fact.
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Neznamená to vždy zápletku, či fakt.
18:48
It means capturing a truth from your experiencing it,
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Znamená to zachytiť pravdu z toho, ako ju prežívate,
18:51
expressing values you personally feel
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vyjadriť hodnoty, ktoré osobne cítite
18:54
deep down in your core.
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hlboko dole vo svojom jadre.
18:56
And that's what ultimately led me to speaking to you
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A to ma nakoniec doviedlo k tomu, aby som k vám hovoril
18:58
here at TEDTalk today.
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tu dnes na TEDTalk.
19:00
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
19:02
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Stanton - FilmmakerAndrew Stanton has made you laugh and cry. The writer behind the three "Toy Story" movies and the writer/director of "WALL-E," he releases his new film, "John Carter," in March.
Why you should listen
Andrew Stanton wrote the first film produced entirely on a computer, Toy Story. But what made that film a classic wasn't the history-making graphic technology -- it's the story, the heart, the characters that children around the world instantly accepted into their own lives. Stanton wrote all three Toy Story movies at Pixar Animation Studios, where he was hired in 1990 as the second animator on staff. He has two Oscars, as the writer-director of Finding Nemo and WALL-E. And as Edgar Rice Burroughs nerds, we're breathlessly awaiting the March opening of his fantasy-adventure movie John Carter.
Andrew Stanton | Speaker | TED.com