TED@SXSWi
JP Rangaswami: Information is food
JP Rangaswami: Informácie sú jedlo
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Ako prijímame dáta? Na TED@SXSWi, technik JP Rangaswami premýšľa o našom vzťahu k informáciám a ponúka prekvapujúci a prenikavý pohľad: zaobchádzame s nimi ako s jedlom.
JP Rangaswami - Technologist
JP Rangaswami thinks deeply (and hilariously) about disruptive data. Full bio
JP Rangaswami thinks deeply (and hilariously) about disruptive data. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I love my food.
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Mám rád jedlo.
00:18
And I love information.
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Mám rád aj informácie.
00:21
My children usually tell me
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Deti mi hovoria,
00:24
that one of those passions is a little more apparent than the other.
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že jednu z tých vášní na mne vidno viac.
00:27
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
00:29
But what I want to do in the next eight minutes or so
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Ale počas nasledujúcich ôsmich minút by som sa
00:32
is to take you through how those passions developed,
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s vami chcel podeliť o to, ako sa tieto moje vášne rozvíjali,
00:34
the point in my life when the two passions merged,
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až do chvíle môjho života, keď splynuli,
00:37
the journey of learning that took place from that point.
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o ceste poznania, ktorá odvtedy nasledovala.
00:42
And one idea I want to leave you with today
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Chcel by som vám dnes zanechať jednu myšlienku a tou je:
00:45
is what would would happen differently in your life
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čo by sa vo vašom živote zmenilo,
00:48
if you saw information the way you saw food?
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keby ste informácie vnímali rovnako ako jedlo.
00:52
I was born in Calcutta --
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Narodil som sa v Kalkate.
00:54
a family where my father and his father before him
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V rodine, v ktorej môj otec a pred ním jeho otec
00:58
were journalists,
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boli novinári
01:00
and they wrote magazines in the English language.
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a písali časopisy po anglicky.
01:03
That was the family business.
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Bol to náš rodinný podnik.
01:05
And as a result of that,
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Vďaka tomu
01:07
I grew up with books everywhere around the house.
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som vyrastal v dome plnom kníh.
01:10
And I mean books everywhere around the house.
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Knihy boli doslova všade.
01:13
And that's actually a shop in Calcutta,
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V skutočnosti je to obchod v Kalkate,
01:16
but it's a place where we like our books.
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ale je to miesto, v ktorom máme radi svoje knihy.
01:19
In fact, I've got 38,000 of them now
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Popravde, teraz ich mám okolo 38 000,
01:23
and no Kindle in sight.
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aj bez Kindle čítačky.
01:25
But growing up as a child with the books around everywhere,
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Keď vyrastáte obklopení knihami,
01:31
with people to talk to about those books,
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s ľuďmi, s ktorými sa o nich môžete porozprávať,
01:33
this wasn't a sort of slightly learned thing.
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jednoducho to nie je niečo, čo by ste sa museli naučiť.
01:36
By the time I was 18, I had a deep passion for books.
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Keď som mal 18, vášen pre knihy sa prehĺbila.
01:40
It wasn't the only passion I had.
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Nebola to moja jediná vášeň.
01:42
I was a South Indian
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Pochádzam z Južnej Indie,
01:44
brought up in Bengal.
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a vyrástol som v Bengálsku.
01:46
And two of the things about Bengal:
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Dve veci sú pre ľudí v Bengálsku typické.
01:49
they like their savory dishes
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Zbožňujú svoje pikantné jedlá
01:51
and they like their sweets.
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a sladkosti.
01:53
So by the time I grew up,
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Takže počas dospievania
01:55
again, I had a well-established passion for food.
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sa u mňa vytvorila hlboká vášeň pre jedlo.
01:59
Now I was growing up in the late '60s and early '70s,
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Vyrastal som na konci 60tých a začiatku 70tých rokov,
02:02
and there were a number of other passions I was also interested in,
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a vtedy som bol nadšený aj z iných vecí,
02:05
but these two were the ones that differentiated me.
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ale tieto dve boli tie, ktorými som sa odlišoval od ostatných.
02:09
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
02:10
And then life was fine, dandy.
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Život bol skvelý, bombový.
02:13
Everything was okay,
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Všetko bolo v poriadku,
02:14
until I got to about the age of 26,
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až kým som nemal 26,
02:18
and I went to a movie called "Short Circuit."
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keď som videl film "Číslo 5 žije".
02:22
Oh, some of you have seen it.
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Niektorí z vás ho určite videli.
02:24
And apparently it's being remade right now
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A znova ho natáčajú,
02:27
and it's going to be coming out next year.
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premiéru by mal mať budúci rok.
02:29
It's the story of this experimental robot
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Je to príbeh pokusného robota,
02:33
which got electrocuted and found a life.
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ktorého zasiahol silný elektrický prúd a on ožil.
02:36
And as it ran, this thing was saying, "Give me input. Give me input."
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Ako utekal, neustále opakoval "Zapojte ma. Zapojte ma."
02:40
And I suddenly realized that for a robot
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Vtedy som si uvedomil, že pre robota
02:42
both information as well as food
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informácie a jedlo
02:46
were the same thing.
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znamenajú tú istú vec.
02:48
Energy came to it in some form or shape,
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Energiu prijíma v istej forme a tvare,
02:51
data came to it in some form or shape.
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a aj dáta prijíma v istej forme a tvare.
02:53
And I began to think,
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Vtedy som začal premýšľať,
02:55
I wonder what it would be like
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aké by to bolo,
02:57
to start imagining myself
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predstaviť si sám seba,
02:59
as if energy and information were the two things I had as input --
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keby energia a informácie boli dve veci, ktoré by som prijímal,
03:04
as if food and information were similar in some form or shape.
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a keby jedlo a informácie mali podobnú formu a tvar.
03:08
I started doing some research then, and this was the 25-year journey,
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Začal som s výskumom, ktorý bol 25ročnou výpravou
03:11
and started finding out
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na ktorej som zistil,
03:13
that actually human beings as primates
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že ľudia, ako primáty
03:16
have far smaller stomachs
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majú oveľa menšie žalúdky,
03:19
than should be the size for our body weight
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aké by mali vzhľadom na svoju váhu mať,
03:22
and far larger brains.
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ale zároveň oveľa väčší ako mozog.
03:25
And as I went to research that even further,
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A ako som skúmal hlbšie,
03:29
I got to a point where I discovered something
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dostal som sa do bodu, keď som objavil niečo,
03:32
called the expensive tissue hypothesis.
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čo sa nazýva hypotéza drahých tkanív.
03:36
That actually for a given body mass of a primate
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Tá hovorí, že pre určitú telesnú hmotnosť primáta
03:40
the metabolic rate was static.
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je rýchlosť metabolizmu statická.
03:42
What changed was the balance of the tissues available.
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Mení sa iba rovnováha dostupných tkanív.
03:46
And two of the most expensive tissues in our human body
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A dve najdrahšie tkanivá v ľudskom tele
03:50
are nervous tissue and digestive tissue.
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sú nervové a tráviace tkanivá.
03:53
And what transpired was that people had put forward a hypothesis
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A ako sa ukázalo, ľudia predložili hypotézu,
03:57
that was apparently coming up with some fabulous results by about 1995.
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ktorá začala okolo roku 1995
začala vykazovať úžasné výsledky.
začala vykazovať úžasné výsledky.
04:02
It's a lady named Leslie Aiello.
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Bola to dáma menom Leslie Aiellová.
04:05
And the paper then suggested that you traded one for the other.
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A táto práca naznačovala, že ste si vymieňali jednu za druhú.
04:10
If you wanted your brain for a particular body mass to be large,
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Ak by ste chceli mať pri určitej váhe väčší mozog,
04:13
you had to live with a smaller gut.
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museli by ste mať menší žálúdok.
04:17
That then set me off completely
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A to ma podnietilo k tomu,
04:19
to say, Okay, these two are connected.
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aby som povedal: "Ok, tieto dve sú prepojené."
04:22
So I looked at the cultivation of information as if it were food
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Preto som sa pozrel na nadobúdanie informácii ako by to bolo jedlo
04:26
and said, So we were hunter-gathers of information.
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a povedal: "Sme lovci a zberači informácií."
04:29
We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.
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A z nich sme sa postupne stali farmármi a pestovali informácie.
04:34
Does that really explain what we're seeing
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Ale vysvetluje to
04:35
with the intellectual property battles nowadays?
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zápasy o duševné vlastníctvo v dnešnej dobe?
04:38
Because those people who were hunter-gatherers in origin
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Pôvodní lovci a zberači,
04:41
wanted to be free and roam and pick up information as they wanted,
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chceli byť voľní, túľať sa a zbierať informácie podľa vlastnej vôle,
04:45
and those that were in the business of farming information
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a ľudia zapojení do procesu vytvárania informácií,
04:48
wanted to build fences around it,
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chceli prístup k informáciám obmedziť,
04:50
create ownership and wealth and structure and settlement.
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vytvoriť vlastníctvo, majetok, štruktúru a dohodu.
04:54
So there was always going to be a tension within that.
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Preto medzi nimi bude vždy napätie.
04:57
And everything I saw in the cultivation
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A všetko nasvedčovalo tomu,
04:59
said there were huge fights amongst the foodies
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že prebiehali obrovské boje o informácie
05:01
between the cultivators and the hunter-gatherers.
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medzi roľníkmi a lovcami a zberačmi.
05:04
And this is happening here.
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A to sa deje teraz tu.
05:06
When I moved to preparation, this same thing was true,
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Keď sa jedlo pripravuje, platí to isté.
05:09
expect that there were two schools.
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Akoby existovali dva smery.
05:11
One group of people said you can distill your information,
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Jedny tvrdia, že informácie sa dajú destilovať,
05:14
you can extract value, separate it and serve it up,
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extrahovať to podstatné, oddeliť a servírovať.
05:17
while another group turned around
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ale iný ľudia povedali,
05:19
and said no, no you can ferment it.
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nie, nie, môžeme to nechať kvasiť.
05:21
You bring it all together and mash it up
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Všetko dáme dohromady, pomiešame
05:24
and the value emerges that way.
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a to podstatné sa vynorí na povrch.
05:26
The same is again true with information.
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Toto isté platí aj pre informácie.
05:28
But consumption was where it started getting really enjoyable.
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Ale príjemná bola až konzumácia.
05:32
Because what I began to see then
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Uvedomil som si,
05:34
was there were so many different ways people would consume this.
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že je veľa spôsob ako jesť.
05:38
They'd buy it from the shop as raw ingredients.
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Kúpite si v obchode prísady?
05:40
Do you cook it? Do you have it served to you?
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Uvaríte si to? Niekto vám to naservíruje?
05:43
Do you go to a restaurant?
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Pôjdete do reštaurácie?
05:44
The same is true every time as I started thinking about information.
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A to isté platí aj pri informáciách.
05:48
The analogies were getting crazy --
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Analógie sa išli zblázniť,
05:51
that information had sell-by dates,
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že informácie mali svoje dátumy predaja,
05:53
that people had misused information that wasn't dated properly
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že ľudia zneužili informácie, ktoré mali zle označený dátum
05:57
and could really make an effect on the stock market,
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a tým mohli ovplyvniť aj burzu,
05:59
on corporate values, etc.
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firemné hodnoty, atď.
06:02
And by this time I was hooked.
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V tejto chvíly som už bol priam posadnutý.
06:04
And this is about 23 years into this process.
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To je asi 23. rok v tomto procese.
06:07
And I began to start thinking of myself
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Začal som premýšľať,
06:10
as we start having mash-ups of fact and fiction,
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pri tomto miešaní faktu a fikcie,
06:13
docu-dramas, mockumentaries, whatever you call it.
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doku-drám, akože dokumentárnych filmov, akokoľvek ich nazývate.
06:17
Are we going to reach the stage
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Dostaneme sa niekedy do bodu,
06:18
where information has a percentage for fact associated with it?
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keď informácie budú mať percentá podľa ich pravdivosti?
06:23
We start labeling information for the fact percentage?
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Budeme označovať informácie percentami pravdivosti?
06:26
Are we going to start looking at what happens
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Začneme potom situáciu,
06:29
when your information source is turned off, as a famine?
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keď sa zdroj informácií vypne, volať hladomor?
06:32
Which brings me to the final element of this.
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Čo ma privádza na koniec mojej prednášky.
06:35
Clay Shirky once stated that there is no such animal as information overload,
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Clay Shirky raz povedal, že zaťaženie informáciami neexistuje.
06:38
there is only filter failure.
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Existuje iba filter prehry.
06:41
I put it to you that information,
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Takže ak sa pozrieme na informácie
06:44
if viewed from the point of food,
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z rovnakého hľadiska ako na jedlo,
06:46
is never a production issue; you never speak of food overload.
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nikdy nenastane problém v produkcii; nikdy nehovoríme o zaťažení jedlom.
06:50
Fundamentally it's a consumption issue.
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V podstate hovoríme o probléme spotreby.
06:52
And we have to start thinking
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A preto by sme mali začať uvažovať o tom,
06:54
about how we create diets within ourselves, exercise within ourselves,
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ako vytvárame diéty, cvičenia,
07:00
to have the faculties to be able to deal with information,
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aby sme mali schopnosti spracovať informácie
07:02
to have the labeling to be able to do it responsibly.
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a zodpovedne ich označovať.
07:06
In fact, when I saw "Supersize Me," I starting thinking of saying,
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Keď som videl film "Supersize Me",
začal som premýšľať.
začal som premýšľať.
07:10
What would happen
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Čo by sa stalo,
07:12
if an individual had 31 days nonstop Fox News?
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keby niekto celých 31 dní pozeral
správy na stanici Fox?
správy na stanici Fox?
07:16
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
07:17
Would there be time to be able to work with it?
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Mal by čas to všetko spracovať?
07:20
So you start really understanding
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Vtedy začnete chápať,
07:23
that you can have diseases, toxins, a need to balance your diet,
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že môžete mať rôzne choroby, toxíny, potrebu mať vyváženú stravu,
07:29
and once you start looking, and from that point on,
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a hneď ako sa na to začnete pozerať, od toho momentu,
07:32
everything I have done in terms of the consumption of information,
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všetko, čo som urobil kvôli spotrebe informácií,
07:36
the production of information, the preparation of information,
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produkcii a príprave informácií,
07:39
I've looked at from the viewpoint of food.
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som urobil vnímajúc to z hľadiska jedla.
07:43
It has probably not helped my waistline any
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Pravdepodobne to nepomohlo mojej postave,
07:45
because I like practicing on both sides.
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pretože na tom pracujem z oboch strán.
07:48
But I'd like to leave you with just that question:
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Chcel by som vo Vás zanechať otázku:
07:52
If you began to think of all the information that you consume
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Ak by ste začali premýšľať o informáciách, ktoré prijímate,
07:55
the way you think of food,
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tak ako premýšľate o jedle,
07:56
what would you do differently?
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čo by ste urobili inak?
07:58
Thank you very much for your time.
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Veľmi pekne Vám ďakujem za Váš čas.
08:00
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
JP Rangaswami - TechnologistJP Rangaswami thinks deeply (and hilariously) about disruptive data.
Why you should listen
With a background in economics and journalism, JP Rangaswami has been a technology innovator and chief information officer for many leading financial firms. As an advocate for open source and disruptive technologies, Rangaswami has been a leading force in the success of multiple startups, including School of Everything, Salesforce.com and Ribbit. He blogs (unmissably) at Confused of Calcutta.
JP Rangaswami | Speaker | TED.com