TEDWomen 2015
Mary Robinson: Why climate change is a threat to human rights
Mary Robinson: Ako zmena klímy ohrozuje ľudské práva
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Zmena klímy je nespravodlivá. Zatiaľ čo bohaté krajiny dokážu stúpajúcemu oceánu a neúrode čeliť, chudobným po celom svete klíma prevracia život naruby. Hurikány, hladomor a strata pôdy ohrozujú ich ľudské práva. Mary Robinson vyzýva, aby sme sa pripojili k celosvetovému hnutiu za klimatickú spravodlivosť.
Mary Robinson - Global leader
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice. Full bio
Mary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
A question I'm often asked is,
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Často sa ma pýtajú,
00:21
where did I get my passion
for human rights and justice?
for human rights and justice?
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kedy som sa nadchla pre tému
ľudských práv a spravodlivosti.
ľudských práv a spravodlivosti.
00:26
It started early.
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Začalo sa to skoro.
00:28
I grew up in the west of Ireland,
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Vyrastala som na západe Írska
00:30
wedged between four brothers,
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medzi štyrmi bratmi,
dvomi staršími a dvomi mladšími.
dvomi staršími a dvomi mladšími.
00:32
two older than me and two younger than me.
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00:35
So of course I had to be
interested in human rights,
interested in human rights,
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Takže som sa musela zaujímať
o ľudské práva, rovnosť, spravodlivosť
o ľudské práva, rovnosť, spravodlivosť
00:38
and equality and justice,
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00:41
and using my elbows!
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a používanie lakťov!
00:43
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
00:45
And those issues stayed
with me and guided me,
with me and guided me,
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Tieto témy už so mnou zostali a viedli ma,
00:48
and in particular,
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a to hlavne keď som sa stala
prvou írskou prezidentkou
prvou írskou prezidentkou
00:49
when I was elected the first
woman President of Ireland,
woman President of Ireland,
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00:54
from 1990 to 1997.
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medzi rokmi 1990 a 1997.
00:57
I dedicated my presidency
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Svoju prezidentskú misiu
som zasvätila pomoci tým,
som zasvätila pomoci tým,
01:00
to having a space for those who felt
marginalized on the island of Ireland,
marginalized on the island of Ireland,
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ktorí sa cítili vylúčení
z írskej spoločnosti,
z írskej spoločnosti,
01:05
and bringing together communities
from Northern Ireland
from Northern Ireland
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a snahe o mier so Severným Írskom.
01:08
with those from the Republic,
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01:10
trying to build peace.
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01:12
And I went as the first Irish president
to the United Kingdom
to the United Kingdom
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Ako prvá z írskych prezidentov
som navštívila Britániu
som navštívila Britániu
01:17
and met with Queen Elizabeth II,
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a stretla sa s kráľovnou Alžbetou II.
01:20
and also welcomed to my
official residence --
official residence --
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Tiež som vo svojej rezidencii
„Áras an Uachtaráin“ čiže „Dom prezidenta“
„Áras an Uachtaráin“ čiže „Dom prezidenta“
01:24
which we call "Áras an Uachtaráin,"
the house of the president --
the house of the president --
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01:28
members of the royal family,
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oficiálne privítala
členov britskej kráľovskej rodiny,
členov britskej kráľovskej rodiny,
01:30
including, notably, the Prince of Wales.
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vrátane princa Charlesa.
01:33
And I was aware that at the time
of my presidency,
of my presidency,
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Bola som si vedomá toho,
že počas môjho funkčného obdobia
že počas môjho funkčného obdobia
01:40
Ireland was a country beginning
a rapid economic progress.
a rapid economic progress.
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sa Írsko vydalo na cestu
ekonomického boomu.
ekonomického boomu.
01:45
We were a country that was benefiting
from the solidarity of the European Union.
from the solidarity of the European Union.
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Ťažili sme zo solidarity EÚ.
01:53
Indeed, when Ireland first joined
the European Union in 1973,
the European Union in 1973,
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Keď sa Írsko v roku 1973 pripojilo k EÚ,
01:58
there were parts of the country
that were considered developing,
that were considered developing,
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niektoré naše regióny
sa dali označiť ako rozvojové,
sa dali označiť ako rozvojové,
02:02
including my own beloved
native county, County Mayo.
native county, County Mayo.
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vrátane môjho milovaného
rodného kraja Mayo.
rodného kraja Mayo.
02:06
I led trade delegations
here to the United States,
here to the United States,
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Viedla som obchodné delegácie
do Spojených štátov, Japonska, Indie,
do Spojených štátov, Japonska, Indie,
02:10
to Japan, to India,
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02:13
to encourage investment,
to help to create jobs,
to help to create jobs,
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aby sme pritiahli investorov,
pomohli vytvárať pracovné miesta,
pomohli vytvárať pracovné miesta,
02:17
to build up our economy,
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posilnili ekonomiku, zdravotníctvo,
vzdelávací systém, celkový rozvoj.
vzdelávací systém, celkový rozvoj.
02:18
to build up our health system,
our education --
our education --
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02:20
our development.
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02:22
What I didn't have to do as president
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Ako prezidentka som ale nemusela
kupovať pozemky na európskej pevnine,
kupovať pozemky na európskej pevnine,
02:26
was buy land on mainland Europe,
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02:30
so that Irish citizens could go there
because our island was going underwater.
because our island was going underwater.
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aby mali naši občania kam ísť,
keď Írsko zaleje stúpajúci oceán.
keď Írsko zaleje stúpajúci oceán.
02:37
What I didn't have to think about,
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Ako prezidentka či ako ústavná sudkyňa
som nemusela myslieť ani na to,
som nemusela myslieť ani na to,
02:39
either as president
or as a constitutional lawyer,
or as a constitutional lawyer,
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02:42
was the implications
for the sovereignty of the territory
for the sovereignty of the territory
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aké dopady bude mať zmena klímy
na suverenitu nášho štátu.
na suverenitu nášho štátu.
02:45
because of the impact of climate change.
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02:49
But that is what President Tong,
of the Republic of Kiribati,
of the Republic of Kiribati,
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Pán Tong, prezident Kiribati,
02:54
has to wake up every morning
thinking about.
thinking about.
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však s takýmito myšlienkami
každé ráno vstáva.
každé ráno vstáva.
02:57
He has bought land in Fiji
as an insurance policy,
as an insurance policy,
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V rámci bezpečnostnej stratégie,
ktorú volá „dôstojná migrácia“,
ktorú volá „dôstojná migrácia“,
nakúpil pozemky na Fidži.
03:02
what he calls, "migration with dignity,"
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03:06
because he knows that his people
may have to leave their islands.
may have to leave their islands.
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Vie, že Kiribaťania budú možno
nútení svoje ostrovy opustiť.
nútení svoje ostrovy opustiť.
03:12
As I listened to President Tong
describing the situation,
describing the situation,
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Keď som počúvala prezidenta Tonga,
03:17
I really felt that this was a problem
that no leader should have to face.
that no leader should have to face.
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cítila som, že takýmto problémom
by nemal byť vystavený žiadny politik.
by nemal byť vystavený žiadny politik.
03:24
And as I heard him speak
about the pain of his problems,
about the pain of his problems,
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Keď rozprával, ako ho tá situácia bolí,
03:29
I thought about Eleanor Roosevelt.
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myslela som na Eleanor Roosevelt.
[Každý má právo na spoločenský
a medzinárodný poriadok,
a medzinárodný poriadok,
03:33
I thought about her
and those who worked with her
and those who worked with her
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ktorý zaistí práva a slobody
uvedené v tejto Deklarácii.]
uvedené v tejto Deklarácii.]
Od roku 1948 predsedala
Komisii OSN pre ľudské práva
Komisii OSN pre ľudské práva
03:38
on the Commission on Human Rights,
which she chaired in 1948,
which she chaired in 1948,
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03:43
and drew up the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.
Declaration of Human Rights.
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a spolu s kolegami vypracovala
Všeobecnú deklaráciu ľudských práv.
Všeobecnú deklaráciu ľudských práv.
03:48
For them, it would have been unimaginable
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Pre nich by bol fyzický zánik krajiny
03:51
that a whole country
could go out of existence
could go out of existence
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kvôli ľuďmi spôsobenej zmene klímy
nepredstaviteľný.
nepredstaviteľný.
03:56
because of human-induced climate change.
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03:59
I came to climate change not as
a scientist or an environmental lawyer,
a scientist or an environmental lawyer,
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Ja som sa k problematike klímy nedostala
cez vedu či environmentálne právo.
cez vedu či environmentálne právo.
04:04
and I wasn't really impressed
by the images of polar bears
by the images of polar bears
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Obrázky ľadových medveďov
a topiacich sa ľadovcov
a topiacich sa ľadovcov
04:08
or melting glaciers.
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ma nijako zvlášť nedojímali.
04:10
It was because of the impact on people,
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Zaujal ma vplyv klímy na ľudí a ich práva,
04:14
and the impact on their rights --
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04:17
their rights to food and safe water,
health, education and shelter.
health, education and shelter.
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ako je právo na jedlo a vodu,
zdravie, vzdelanie a prístrešie.
zdravie, vzdelanie a prístrešie.
04:22
And I say this with humility,
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Hovorím to s pokorou,
lebo k téme klímy som sa dostala neskoro.
lebo k téme klímy som sa dostala neskoro.
04:26
because I came late
to the issue of climate change.
to the issue of climate change.
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04:30
When I served
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Keď som bola v rokoch 1997 – 2002
Vysokou komisárkou OSN pre ľudské práva,
Vysokou komisárkou OSN pre ľudské práva,
04:32
as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
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04:34
from 1997 to 2002,
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04:37
climate change wasn't
at the front of my mind.
at the front of my mind.
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zmena klímy nebola mojou prioritou.
04:39
I don't remember making
a single speech on climate change.
a single speech on climate change.
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Nespomínam si, že by som mala
na túto tému jediný prejav.
na túto tému jediný prejav.
04:43
I knew that there was another
part of the United Nations --
part of the United Nations --
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Vedela som, že sa tým zaoberá
Rámcová zmluva OSN o zmene klímy.
Rámcová zmluva OSN o zmene klímy.
04:46
the UN Convention on Climate Change --
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04:49
that was dealing with
the issue of climate change.
the issue of climate change.
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04:52
It was later when I started
to work in African countries
to work in African countries
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Neskôr som pracovala v Afrike
na problémoch rozvoja a ľudských práv.
na problémoch rozvoja a ľudských práv.
04:57
on issues of development and human rights.
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05:00
And I kept hearing
this pervasive sentence:
this pervasive sentence:
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A stále som počúvala všadeprítomnú vetu:
05:03
"Oh, but things are so much worse now,
things are so much worse."
things are so much worse."
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„Všetko sa tak zhoršilo.“
05:08
And then I explored what was behind that;
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Pátrala som po príčine.
05:11
it was about changes in the climate --
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Išlo o klimatické zmeny –
šoky, zmeny počasia.
šoky, zmeny počasia.
05:15
climate shocks, changes in the weather.
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05:18
I met Constance Okollet,
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Stretla som sa s Constance Okollet,
05:20
who had formed a women's group
in Eastern Uganda,
in Eastern Uganda,
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zakladateľkou ženskej skupiny
vo Východnej Ugande.
vo Východnej Ugande.
05:24
and she told me that
when she was growing up,
when she was growing up,
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Vravela, že keď bola malá,
život v ich dedine plynul pokojne,
život v ich dedine plynul pokojne,
05:26
she had a very normal life in her village
and they didn't go hungry,
and they didn't go hungry,
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ľudia nehladovali,
počasie bolo predvídateľné,
počasie bolo predvídateľné,
05:31
they knew that the seasons would come
as they were predicted to come,
as they were predicted to come,
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05:36
they knew when to sow
and they knew when to harvest,
and they knew when to harvest,
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vedeli, kedy siať a kedy zbierať úrodu
05:39
and so they had enough food.
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a jedla mali teda dostatok.
05:42
But, in recent years,
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Neskôr ale prichádzali dlhé suchá,
za nimi náhle povodne
za nimi náhle povodne
05:44
at the time of this conversation,
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05:46
they had nothing
but long periods of drought,
but long periods of drought,
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05:49
and then flash flooding,
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05:51
and then more drought.
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a potom ďalšie suchá.
05:53
The school had been destroyed,
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Zničilo to školu,
05:54
livelihoods had been destroyed,
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zničilo to mnohým spôsob obživy,
05:56
their harvest had been destroyed.
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zničilo to úrodu.
05:58
She forms this women's group
to try to keep her community together.
to try to keep her community together.
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Ženská skupina, ktorú založila,
sa snaží udržať obec pri živote.
sa snaží udržať obec pri živote.
06:03
And this was a reality
that really struck me,
that really struck me,
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Táto skutočnosť ma naozaj zasiahla,
06:08
because of course,
Constance Okollet wasn't responsible
Constance Okollet wasn't responsible
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pretože Constance Okollet
nebola, samozrejme, zodpovedná
nebola, samozrejme, zodpovedná
06:12
for the greenhouse gas emissions
that were causing this problem.
that were causing this problem.
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za skleníkové emisie,
ktoré problém spôsobili.
ktoré problém spôsobili.
06:16
Indeed, I was very struck
about the situation in Malawi
about the situation in Malawi
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V januári tohto roku ma
veľmi zasiahla aj situácia v Malawi.
veľmi zasiahla aj situácia v Malawi.
06:20
in January of this year.
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06:22
There was an unprecedented
flooding in the country,
flooding in the country,
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Krajinu zasiahla nebývalá povodeň,
06:26
it covered about a third of the country,
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ktorá zaplavila tretinu jej rozlohy,
06:28
over 300 people were killed,
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priniesla vyše 300 obetí na životoch
06:30
and hundreds of thousands
lost their livelihoods.
lost their livelihoods.
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a stovky tisíc ľudí prišli
o svoj spôsob obživy.
o svoj spôsob obživy.
06:34
And the average person in Malawi
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Priemerné emisie sú v Malawi
asi 80 kg CO2 na osobu a rok.
asi 80 kg CO2 na osobu a rok.
06:37
emits about 80 kg of CO2 a year.
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06:43
The average US citizen emits
about 17.5 metric tons.
about 17.5 metric tons.
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U priemerného občana USA
je to 17,5 ton CO2.
je to 17,5 ton CO2.
06:49
So those who are suffering
disproportionately
disproportionately
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Tí, ktorí najviac trpia,
nemajú autá ani elektrinu.
nemajú autá ani elektrinu.
06:52
don't drive cars, don't have electricity,
don't consume very significantly,
don't consume very significantly,
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Spotrebúvajú len málo,
06:59
and yet they are feeling more and more
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ale dôsledky klimatických zmien
pociťujú čoraz viac.
pociťujú čoraz viac.
07:02
the impacts of the changes in the climate,
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07:07
the changes that are preventing them
from knowing how to grow food properly,
from knowing how to grow food properly,
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Kvôli klíme nemôžu rozumne hospodáriť
07:11
and knowing how
to look after their future.
to look after their future.
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a zabezpečiť sa do budúcnosti.
07:15
I think it was really
the importance of the injustice
the importance of the injustice
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Myslím, že práve táto nespravodlivosť
07:23
that really struck me very forcibly.
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ma najviac zasiahla.
07:26
And I know that we're not able
to address some of that injustice
to address some of that injustice
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Nie sme schopní sa s ňou vysporiadať,
07:33
because we're not on course
for a safe world.
for a safe world.
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pretože sme si nezvolili smer
k bezpečnému svetu.
k bezpečnému svetu.
07:36
Governments around the world agreed
at the conference in Copenhagen,
at the conference in Copenhagen,
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Vlády celého sveta
sa na konferencii v Kodani dohodli –
sa na konferencii v Kodani dohodli –
07:43
and have repeated it
at every conference on climate,
at every conference on climate,
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a opakujú to
na každej klimatickej konferencii –,
na každej klimatickej konferencii –,
07:46
that we have to stay
below two degrees Celsius
below two degrees Celsius
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že rast teploty musíme udržať pod 2 °C
oproti predindustriálnej hodnote.
oproti predindustriálnej hodnote.
07:50
of warming above pre-Industrial standards.
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07:53
But we're on course
for about four degrees.
for about four degrees.
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Ale my smerujeme niekam k 4 °C.
07:56
So we face an existential threat
to the future of our planet.
to the future of our planet.
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To je existenčná hrozba pre našu planétu.
08:01
And that made me realize
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Na základe toho som si uvedomila,
08:03
that climate change is the greatest threat
to human rights in the 21st century.
to human rights in the 21st century.
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že zmena klímy je najväčšou hrozbou
pre ľudské práva v 21. storočí.
pre ľudské práva v 21. storočí.
08:09
And that brought me then
to climate justice.
to climate justice.
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To ma priviedlo k téme
klimatickej spravodlivosti.
klimatickej spravodlivosti.
08:13
Climate justice responds
to the moral argument --
to the moral argument --
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Tá je odpoveďou na morálnu stránku
08:17
both sides of the moral argument --
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klimatickej problematiky.
08:19
to address climate change.
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08:21
First of all,
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Po prvé,
08:23
to be on the side of those who are
suffering most and are most effected.
suffering most and are most effected.
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byť na strane tých,
ktorí sú najviac postihnutí.
ktorí sú najviac postihnutí.
08:27
And secondly,
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Po druhé,
08:28
to make sure that they're not left behind
again, when we start to move
again, when we start to move
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zaistiť, že títo ľudia
nezostanú bez pomoci,
nezostanú bez pomoci,
08:33
and start to address climate change
with climate action,
with climate action,
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keď konečne začneme zmenu klímy riešiť.
08:36
as we are doing.
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08:39
In our very unequal world today,
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V dnešnom veľmi nerovnom svete
08:42
it's very striking how many
people are left behind.
people are left behind.
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sme nechali bez pomoci
šokujúco veľa ľudí.
šokujúco veľa ľudí.
08:46
In our world of 7.2 billion people,
about 3 billion are left behind.
about 3 billion are left behind.
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Sú to asi 3 miliardy
z celkových 7,2 miliardy ľudí na svete.
z celkových 7,2 miliardy ľudí na svete.
08:53
1.3 billion don't have access
to electricity,
to electricity,
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1,3 miliardy nemá prístup k elektrine
08:57
and they light their homes
with kerosene and candles,
with kerosene and candles,
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a doma si svietia petrolejom či sviečkami,
09:01
both of which are dangerous.
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čo je nebezpečné.
09:02
And in fact they spend a lot of their
tiny income on that form of lighting.
tiny income on that form of lighting.
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V skutočnosti minú na tieto zdroje svetla
veľkú časť svojich skromných príjmov.
veľkú časť svojich skromných príjmov.
09:09
2.6 billion people cook on open fires --
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2,6 miliardy ľudí varí na otvorenom ohni,
09:13
on coal, wood and animal dung.
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na uhlí, dreve alebo na suchých lajnách.
09:17
And this causes
about 4 million deaths a year
about 4 million deaths a year
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Každoročne preto 4 milióny ľudí umrie
na pľúcne choroby
na pľúcne choroby
09:22
from indoor smoke inhalation,
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09:24
and of course, most of those
who die are women.
who die are women.
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a väčšinu, samozrejme, tvoria ženy.
09:28
So we have a very unequal world,
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Žijeme vo veľkej nerovnosti
09:33
and we need to change
from "business as usual."
from "business as usual."
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a potrebujeme zmeniť veľa vecí,
ktoré sú dnes pre nás normálne.
ktoré sú dnes pre nás normálne.
09:39
And we shouldn't underestimate
the scale and the transformative nature
the scale and the transformative nature
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Nemali by sme podceniť
rozsah a silu potrebnej zmeny.
rozsah a silu potrebnej zmeny.
09:45
of the change which will be needed,
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09:47
because we have to go to zero
carbon emissions by about 2050,
carbon emissions by about 2050,
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Do roku 2050 musíme
uhlíkové emisie znížiť na nulu,
uhlíkové emisie znížiť na nulu,
09:54
if we're going to stay below
two degrees Celsius of warming.
two degrees Celsius of warming.
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ak chceme oteplenie udržať pod 2 °C.
09:58
And that means we have to leave
about two-thirds of the known resources
about two-thirds of the known resources
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To znamená, že asi dve tretiny
známych fosílnych zdrojov
známych fosílnych zdrojov
10:04
of fossil fuels in the ground.
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musíme nechať pod zemou.
10:06
It's a very big change,
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To je veľká zmena.
10:08
and it means that obviously,
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Je jasné, že priemyselné krajiny
musia znížiť emisie,
musia znížiť emisie,
10:10
industrialized countries
must cut their emissions,
must cut their emissions,
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10:13
must become much more energy-efficient,
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výrazne zvýšiť energetickú účinnosť
10:15
and must move as quickly as possible
to renewable energy.
to renewable energy.
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a čo najrýchlejšie prejsť
na obnoviteľné zdroje.
na obnoviteľné zdroje.
10:20
For developing countries
and emerging economies,
and emerging economies,
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Výzvou pre pre rozvojové krajiny
a emergentné trhy
a emergentné trhy
10:24
the problem and the challenge
is to grow without emissions,
is to grow without emissions,
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4557
je rast bez emisií.
10:29
because they must develop;
they have very poor populations.
they have very poor populations.
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Potrebujú ekonomický rast,
lebo ich obyvatelia žijú v chudobe.
lebo ich obyvatelia žijú v chudobe.
10:32
So they must develop without emissions,
and that is a different kind of problem.
and that is a different kind of problem.
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Bez emisií to však nie je ľahké.
10:38
Indeed, no country in the world
has actually grown without emissions.
has actually grown without emissions.
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Žiadna krajina na svete
zatiaľ nezbohatla bez emisií.
zatiaľ nezbohatla bez emisií.
10:44
All the countries have developed
with fossil fuels,
with fossil fuels,
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Všetky rozvinuté ekonomiky
využili fosílne zdroje
využili fosílne zdroje
10:46
and then may be moving
to renewable energy.
to renewable energy.
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a až dnes prípadne prechádzajú
na obnoviteľnú energiu.
na obnoviteľnú energiu.
10:48
So it is a very big challenge,
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Je to veľká výzva
10:51
and it requires the total support
of the international community,
of the international community,
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a vyžaduje jednoznačnú podporu
medzinárodného spoločenstva,
medzinárodného spoločenstva,
10:55
with the necessary finance and technology,
and systems and support,
and systems and support,
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finančnú, technologickú aj systémovú.
11:00
because no country can make itself safe
from the dangers of climate change.
from the dangers of climate change.
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Žiadna krajina sa sama
pred klimatickými hrozbami neochráni.
pred klimatickými hrozbami neochráni.
11:08
This is an issue that requires
complete human solidarity.
complete human solidarity.
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Tento problém vyžaduje
silnú ľudskú solidaritu.
silnú ľudskú solidaritu.
11:13
Human solidarity, if you like,
based on self-interest --
based on self-interest --
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A je to solidarita vo vlastnom záujme,
11:16
because we are all in this together,
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pretože v tomto sme všetci na jednej lodi.
11:18
and we have to work together
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Na dosiahnutí nulových emisií do roku 2050
musíme spolupracovať.
musíme spolupracovať.
11:20
to ensure that we reach
zero carbon by 2050.
zero carbon by 2050.
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11:26
The good news is that change is happening,
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Dobrou správou je,
že veci sa už dávajú do pohybu,
že veci sa už dávajú do pohybu,
11:29
and it's happening very fast.
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677462
1904
a to veľmi rýchlo.
11:32
Here in California,
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1274
Kalifornia má veľmi ambiciózny cieľ
znížiť emisie.
znížiť emisie.
11:33
there's a very ambitious
emissions target to cut emissions.
emissions target to cut emissions.
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4006
11:37
In Hawaii, they're passing legislation
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Havaj pripravuje zákon o prechode
na 100 % obnoviteľné zdroje
na 100 % obnoviteľné zdroje
11:40
to have 100 percent
renewable energy by 2045.
renewable energy by 2045.
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do roku 2045.
11:45
And governments are very ambitious
around the world.
around the world.
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Vlády po celom svete
majú ambiciózne plány.
majú ambiciózne plány.
11:49
In Costa Rica, they have committed
to being carbon-neutral by 2021.
to being carbon-neutral by 2021.
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Kostarika chce dosiahnuť
uhlíkovú neutralitu do roku 2021.
uhlíkovú neutralitu do roku 2021.
11:55
In Ethiopia, the commitment
is to be carbon-neutral by 2027.
is to be carbon-neutral by 2027.
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Etiópia do roku 2027.
12:01
Apple have pledged that their factories
in China will use renewable energy.
in China will use renewable energy.
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6215
Firma Apple sľúbila, že jej čínske továrne
budú používať obnoviteľnú energiu.
budú používať obnoviteľnú energiu.
12:08
And there is a race on at the moment
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2853
V súčasnosti finišuje vývoj technológií
12:11
to convert electricity
from tidal and wave power,
from tidal and wave power,
190
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3937
na získavanie energie z
morských vĺn a prílivov,
morských vĺn a prílivov,
12:15
in order that we can leave
the coal in the ground.
the coal in the ground.
191
723278
4219
aby uhlie mohlo zostať pod zemou.
12:19
And that change is both welcome
and is happening very rapidly.
and is happening very rapidly.
192
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4823
Tieto zmeny sú rýchle a vítané.
12:24
But it's still not enough,
193
732368
1385
Ale stále to nestačí.
12:25
and the political will
is still not enough.
is still not enough.
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2267
A nestačí ani súčasná politická vôľa.
12:28
Let me come back to President Tong
and his people in Kiribati.
and his people in Kiribati.
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Vrátim sa ešte
ku kiribatskému prezidentovi Tongovi.
ku kiribatskému prezidentovi Tongovi.
12:34
They actually could be able to live
on their island and have a solution,
on their island and have a solution,
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6791
Jeho národ by mohol
naďalej obývať svoje ostrovy,
naďalej obývať svoje ostrovy,
12:40
but it would take a lot of political will.
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2221
ale vyžadovalo by to veľa politickej vôle.
12:43
President Tong told me
about his ambitious idea
about his ambitious idea
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751600
4148
Pán prezident Tong mi rozprával
o svojom ambicióznom pláne
o svojom ambicióznom pláne
12:47
to either build up or even float
the little islands where his people live.
the little islands where his people live.
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755772
6360
menšie ostrovy nadstaviť
či dokonca spraviť plávajúcimi.
či dokonca spraviť plávajúcimi.
12:55
This, of course, is beyond
the resources of Kiribati itself.
the resources of Kiribati itself.
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Na to, samozrejme, Kiribati nemá peniaze.
12:59
It would require great solidarity
and support from other countries,
and support from other countries,
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3731
Vyžadovalo by to veľkú solidaritu
a podporu iných krajín
a podporu iných krajín
13:03
and it would require
the kind of imaginative idea
the kind of imaginative idea
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4222
a tiež podobnú predstavivosť,
13:07
that we bring together when we want
to have a space station in the air.
to have a space station in the air.
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775426
4553
s akou sa nám spoločne darí
stavať vesmírne stanice.
stavať vesmírne stanice.
13:12
But wouldn't it be wonderful
to have this engineering wonder
to have this engineering wonder
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4855
Nebolo by úžasné, ak by vďaka
podobnému technickému zázraku
podobnému technickému zázraku
13:17
and to allow a people to remain
in their sovereign territory,
in their sovereign territory,
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785315
3533
mohol jeden národ zostať
na svojom suverénnom území
na svojom suverénnom území
13:20
and be part of the community of nations?
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788872
3119
a pokračovať v existencii?
13:24
That is the kind of idea
that we should be thinking about.
that we should be thinking about.
207
792015
4783
Takýmito myšlienkami
by sme sa mali zaoberať.
by sme sa mali zaoberať.
13:29
Yes, the challenges
of the transformation we need are big,
of the transformation we need are big,
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797681
4774
Výzvy, ktoré potrebná zmena prináša,
sú veľké, ale riešiteľné.
sú veľké, ale riešiteľné.
13:34
but they can be solved.
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2548
13:37
We are actually, as a people,
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805051
2031
Národy majú veľkú schopnosť
spolupracovať na riešení problémov.
spolupracovať na riešení problémov.
13:39
very capable of coming together
to solve problems.
to solve problems.
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3294
13:42
I was very conscious of this
as I took part this year
as I took part this year
212
810806
3634
Silno som si to uvedomila tento rok,
13:46
in commemoration of the 70th anniversary
213
814464
3757
pri príležitosti 70. výročia
konca druhej svetovej vojny.
konca druhej svetovej vojny.
13:50
of the end of the Second
World War in 1945.
World War in 1945.
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4665
13:55
1945 was an extraordinary year.
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823744
2601
Rok 1945 bol neobyčajný.
13:59
It was a year when the world faced
216
827367
2606
Svet čelil zdanlivo
neriešiteľným problémom:
neriešiteľným problémom:
14:01
what must have seemed almost
insoluble problems --
insoluble problems --
217
829997
3527
14:05
the devastation of the world wars,
particularly the Second World War;
particularly the Second World War;
218
833548
4549
Spúšť, ktorú po sebe zanechali
obe svetové vojny, hlavne tá druhá.
obe svetové vojny, hlavne tá druhá.
14:10
the fragile peace that had
been brought about;
been brought about;
219
838121
3207
Krehký mier, ktorý sa podarilo nastoliť.
14:13
the need for a whole
economic regeneration.
economic regeneration.
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841352
2634
Potreba kompletnej ekonomickej obnovy.
14:16
But the leaders of that time
didn't flinch from this.
didn't flinch from this.
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4225
Ale štátnici tej doby pred nimi necúvli.
14:20
They had the capacity, they had
a sense of being driven by
a sense of being driven by
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848892
4330
Viedlo ich presvedčenie,
že svet sa už nikdy nesmie dostať
do takýchto problémov.
do takýchto problémov.
14:25
never again must the world
have this kind of problem.
have this kind of problem.
223
853246
4051
14:29
And they had to build structures
for peace and security.
for peace and security.
224
857321
3716
Potrebovali vybudovať
mierové a bezpečnostné štruktúry.
mierové a bezpečnostné štruktúry.
14:33
And what did we get?
What did they achieve?
What did they achieve?
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3461
Čo bolo výsledkom?
14:36
The Charter of the United Nations,
226
864546
2619
Charta OSN
14:39
the Bretton Woods institutions,
as they're called, The World Bank,
as they're called, The World Bank,
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867189
3551
a tzv. bretton-woodske inštitúcie,
Svetová banka a Medzinárodný menový fond.
Svetová banka a Medzinárodný menový fond.
14:42
and the International Monetary Fund.
228
870764
2437
14:45
A Marshall Plan for Europe,
a devastated Europe,
a devastated Europe,
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3374
Marshallov plán na obnovu zničenej Európy.
14:48
to reconstruct it.
230
876623
1922
14:50
And indeed a few years later,
231
878569
2061
A o pár rokov neskôr
Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv.
Všeobecná deklarácia ľudských práv.
14:52
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
232
880654
3153
14:56
2015 is a year that is similar
in its importance
in its importance
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884364
5614
Rok 2015 je podobne dôležitý ako rok 1945,
15:02
to 1945, with similar challenges
and similar potential.
and similar potential.
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890002
4851
čo sa týka výziev a potenciálu.
15:07
There will be two big summits this year:
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895377
3023
Čakajú nás dva veľké samity:
15:10
the first one, in September in New York,
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898424
2779
Prvý z nich, septembrový, v New Yorku,
bude riešiť ciele udržateľného rozvoja.
bude riešiť ciele udržateľného rozvoja.
15:13
is the summit for the sustainable
development goals.
development goals.
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3285
15:17
And then the summit in Paris in December,
to give us a climate agreement.
to give us a climate agreement.
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905071
5478
A decembrový samit v Paríži
prinesie dohodu o klíme.
prinesie dohodu o klíme.
15:23
The sustainable development goals
are intended to help countries
are intended to help countries
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911365
6327
Ciele udržateľného rozvoja
majú štátom pomôcť fungovať udržateľne,
majú štátom pomôcť fungovať udržateľne,
15:29
to live sustainably,
in tune with Mother Earth,
in tune with Mother Earth,
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4110
v harmónii s Matkou Zemou
15:33
not to take out of Mother Earth
and destroy ecosystems,
and destroy ecosystems,
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5326
a nie na jej úkor
za cenu ničenia ekosystémov.
za cenu ničenia ekosystémov.
15:39
but rather, to live in harmony
with Mother Earth,
with Mother Earth,
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3614
V harmónii s Matkou Zemou
na základe udržateľného rozvoja.
na základe udržateľného rozvoja.
15:42
by living under sustainable development.
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930838
3829
15:46
And the sustainable development goals
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934691
2373
Dohodnuté ciele začnú pre všetky krajiny
platiť od 1. januára 2016.
platiť od 1. januára 2016.
15:49
will come into operation for all countries
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937088
2385
15:51
on January 1, 2016.
246
939497
2872
15:54
The climate agreement --
247
942814
1177
Záväznú klimatickú dohodu
potrebujeme preto,
potrebujeme preto,
15:56
a binding climate agreement --
248
944015
1516
15:57
is needed because
of the scientific evidence
of the scientific evidence
249
945555
3664
lebo vedecké dôkazy svedčia o tom,
že smerujeme k otepleniu o 4°C,
že smerujeme k otepleniu o 4°C,
16:01
that we're on a trajectory
for about a four-degree world
for about a four-degree world
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2917
16:04
and we have to change course
to stay below two degrees.
to stay below two degrees.
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952184
3488
a my sa musíme dostať pod 2°C.
16:08
So we need to take steps
that will be monitored and reviewed,
that will be monitored and reviewed,
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5524
Treba prijať opatrenia,
ktoré sa budú monitorovať a hodnotiť.
ktoré sa budú monitorovať a hodnotiť.
16:13
so that we can keep increasing
the ambition of how we cut emissions,
the ambition of how we cut emissions,
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4398
Tak budeme môcť znižovať emisie
stále ambicióznejšie
stále ambicióznejšie
16:18
and how we move more rapidly
to renewable energy,
to renewable energy,
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966003
3116
a prechod na obnoviteľné zdroje
bude rýchlejší.
bude rýchlejší.
16:21
so that we have a safe world.
255
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3003
To je cesta k bezpečnému svetu.
16:27
The reality is that this issue
is much too important
is much too important
256
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6183
Ide o to, že tento problém
je príliš dôležitý na to,
je príliš dôležitý na to,
16:33
to be left to politicians
and to the United Nations.
and to the United Nations.
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3563
aby sme ho nechali len na politikov a OSN.
16:37
(Laughter)
258
985459
1001
(smiech)
16:38
It's an issue for all of us,
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1578
Je to problém nás všetkých
16:40
and it's an issue where we need
more and more momentum.
more and more momentum.
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3964
a vyžaduje čoraz väčšiu hybnú silu.
16:44
Indeed, the face of
the environmentalist has changed,
the environmentalist has changed,
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3485
Nie je to len environmentálny problém,
16:48
because of the justice dimension.
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2309
je tu aj otázka spravodlivosti.
16:50
It's now an issue
for faith-based organizations,
for faith-based organizations,
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3220
Dnes sa ním zaoberajú aj cirkvi,
16:53
under very good leadership
from Pope Francis,
from Pope Francis,
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3172
pod skvelým vedením pápeža Františka.
16:57
and indeed, the Church of England,
265
1005193
1772
Anglikánska cirkev napríklad
prestáva investovať do fosílnych palív.
prestáva investovať do fosílnych palív.
16:58
which is divesting from fossil fuels.
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2443
17:01
It's an issue for the business community,
267
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3758
Klímou sa zaoberá aj ekonomický sektor,
17:05
and the good news is
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a dobrou správou je,
že prechádza rýchlou zmenou,
že prechádza rýchlou zmenou,
17:06
that the business community
is changing very rapidly --
is changing very rapidly --
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17:09
except for the fossil fuel industries --
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2185
teda okrem ropného a uhoľného priemyslu.
17:11
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
17:13
Even they are beginning
to slightly change their language --
to slightly change their language --
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3296
Ale aj tie pomaly menia rétoriku,
hoci len nebadane.
hoci len nebadane.
17:16
but only slightly.
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1024748
981
17:17
But business is not only moving rapidly
to the benefits of renewable energy,
to the benefits of renewable energy,
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1025753
4691
Firmy sa nielen rýchlo posúvajú
k výhodám obnoviteľných zdrojov,
k výhodám obnoviteľných zdrojov,
17:22
but is urging politicians
to give them more signals,
to give them more signals,
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1030468
2723
ale aj žiadajú od politikov jasné signály,
aby sa mohli meniť ešte rýchlejšie.
aby sa mohli meniť ešte rýchlejšie.
17:25
so that they can move even more rapidly.
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1033215
1975
17:27
It's an issue for the trade
union movement.
union movement.
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2001
Klímou sa zaoberajú odborové zväzy,
17:29
It's an issue for the women's movement.
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1037239
2023
ženské hnutie,
17:31
It's an issue for young people.
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1039286
2078
mladí ľudia.
17:33
I was very struck when I learned
that Jibreel Khazan,
that Jibreel Khazan,
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1041388
5802
Dojalo ma, keď Jibreel Khazan,
17:39
one of the Greensboro Four who had
taken part in the Woolworth sit-ins,
taken part in the Woolworth sit-ins,
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1047214
5644
známy vďaka protestom
proti segregácii v Greensboro,
proti segregácii v Greensboro,
nedávno prehlásil, že zmena klímy
je pre dnešných mladých ľudí
je pre dnešných mladých ľudí
17:44
said quite recently that
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1052882
1514
17:46
climate change is the lunch counter
moment for young people.
moment for young people.
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1054420
6002
podobne zásadný problém,
akým bola v 60. rokoch rasová segregácia.
akým bola v 60. rokoch rasová segregácia.
17:52
So, lunch counter moment
for young people of the 21st century --
for young people of the 21st century --
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1060446
4288
Skutočný ľudskoprávny problém
21. storočia,
21. storočia,
17:56
the sort of real human rights issue
of the 21st century,
of the 21st century,
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1064758
4341
18:01
because he said it is
the greatest challenge
the greatest challenge
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1069123
2770
ktorý považuje za najväčšiu výzvu
pre ľudstvo a spravodlivosť nášho sveta.
pre ľudstvo a spravodlivosť nášho sveta.
18:03
to humanity and justice in our world.
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1071917
3592
18:08
I recall very much
the Climate March last September,
the Climate March last September,
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1076391
4106
Veľmi spomínam na pochod Climate March
v septembri minulého roka.
v septembri minulého roka.
18:12
and that was a huge momentum,
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1080521
1801
Bola to obrovská hybná sila,
18:14
not just in New York,
but all around the world.
but all around the world.
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2962
nielen v New Yorku, ale po celom svete.
18:17
and we have to build on that.
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1085332
2270
Na tom treba stavať.
18:19
I was marching with some
of The Elders family,
of The Elders family,
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1087626
3111
Ja som pochodovala s členmi
Starších (theelders.org),
Starších (theelders.org),
18:22
and I saw a placard
a little bit away from me,
a little bit away from me,
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1090761
5027
keď som neďaleko zahliadla
jeden transparent.
jeden transparent.
18:27
but we were wedged so closely together --
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1095812
1954
Boli sme však dosť namačkaní,
veď New Yorkom pochodovalo 400 000 ľudí,
veď New Yorkom pochodovalo 400 000 ľudí,
18:29
because after all, there were 400,000
people out in the streets of New York --
people out in the streets of New York --
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1097790
3675
18:33
so I couldn't quite get to that placard,
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1101489
1913
a tak som sa nemohla k nemu dostať.
18:35
I would have just liked to have been
able to step behind it,
able to step behind it,
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1103426
3081
Inak by som sa rada zaň postavila,
18:38
because it said, "Angry Grannies!"
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1106531
2446
lebo hlásal: „Rozzúrené babky“.
18:41
(Laughter)
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1323
(smiech)
18:42
That's what I felt.
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1110348
1454
Tak som sa cítila.
18:43
And I have five grandchildren now,
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3973
Mám päť vnúčat,
18:47
I feel very happy as an Irish grandmother
to have five grandchildren,
to have five grandchildren,
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4288
na čo som ako írska babka pyšná.
18:52
and I think about their world,
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3043
Rozmýšľam, aký bude ich svet,
18:55
and what it will be
like when they will share that world
like when they will share that world
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1123202
3161
keď ho budú v roku 2050 zdieľať
s ďalšími 9 miliardami ľudí.
s ďalšími 9 miliardami ľudí.
18:58
with about 9 billion other people in 2050.
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4046
19:03
We know that inevitably it will
be a climate-constrained world,
be a climate-constrained world,
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1131574
4655
Ten svet bude nevyhnutne
obmedzovaný klímou,
obmedzovaný klímou,
19:08
because of the emissions
we've already put up there,
we've already put up there,
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1136253
2849
kvôli emisiám, ktoré sme už vypustli.
19:11
but it could be a world that is much
more equal and much fairer,
more equal and much fairer,
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1139126
5397
Ale mohol by byť omnoho spravodlivejší,
19:16
and much better for health,
and better for jobs
and better for jobs
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1144547
2582
zdravší a lepší z hľadiska
zamestnanosti i energetickej bezpečnosti,
zamestnanosti i energetickej bezpečnosti,
19:19
and better for energy security,
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1147153
1972
19:21
than the world we have now,
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1149149
1827
než je náš dnešný svet.
19:23
if we have switched sufficiently
and early enough to renewable energy,
and early enough to renewable energy,
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1151000
7000
Ale len ak dostatočne rýchlo
prejdeme na obnoviteľné zdroje
prejdeme na obnoviteľné zdroje
19:30
and no one is left behind.
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2432
a nikoho nenecháme bez pomoci.
19:32
No one is left behind.
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2395
19:35
And just as we've been
looking back this year --
looking back this year --
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3580
A tak ako sme si tento rok
pripomínali rok 1945,
pripomínali rok 1945,
19:39
in 2015 to 1945, looking back 70 years --
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1167340
5507
pozerali sme 70 rokov do minulosti,
19:44
I would like to think
that they will look back,
that they will look back,
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2564
rada by som, aby naši vnukovia a celý svet
19:47
that world will look back
35 years from 2050,
35 years from 2050,
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1175459
4849
o 35 rokov – v roku 2050 –
pozeral na dnešok a hovoril si:
pozeral na dnešok a hovoril si:
19:52
35 years to 2015,
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1180332
2874
19:55
and that they will say,
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2818
19:58
"Weren't they good
to do what they did in 2015?
to do what they did in 2015?
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4107
„V tom 2015 to spravili dobre,
20:02
We really appreciate that they took
the decisions that made a difference,
the decisions that made a difference,
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1190203
5475
ceníme si, že sa svet rozhodol
vydať správnou cestou
vydať správnou cestou
20:07
and that put the world
on the right pathway,
on the right pathway,
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1195702
2938
20:10
and we benefit now from that pathway,"
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1198664
2706
a nám sa dnes vďaka tomu žije lepšie.“
20:13
that they will feel that somehow
we took our responsibilities,
we took our responsibilities,
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1201394
3881
Rada by som, aby cítili,
že sme sa zachovali zodpovedne,
že sme sa zachovali zodpovedne,
20:17
we did what was done
in 1945 in similar terms,
in 1945 in similar terms,
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1205299
4159
podobne ako svetoví politici v roku 1945,
20:21
we didn't miss the opportunity,
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1209482
2421
že sme sa chopili poslednej príležitosti
20:23
we lived up to our responsibilities.
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1211927
2182
a dostáli svojej zodpovednosti.
20:26
That's what this year is about.
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1214133
3172
O tom je tento rok.
20:29
And somehow for me,
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1217688
1350
Poviem to slovami ženy,
ktorú som veľmi obdivovala.
ktorú som veľmi obdivovala.
20:31
it's captured in words of somebody
that I admired very much.
that I admired very much.
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1219062
4294
20:35
She was a mentor of mine,
she was a friend,
she was a friend,
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2333
Bola mojou učiteľkou a priateľkou.
20:37
she died much too young,
333
1225737
1948
Zomrela príliš mladá.
20:39
she was an extraordinary personality,
334
1227709
2005
Bola výnimočnou osobnosťou,
ikonou environmentalizmu:
ikonou environmentalizmu:
20:41
a great champion of the environment:
335
1229738
2484
20:44
Wangari Maathai.
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1232246
1824
Wangari Maathai.
20:46
Wangari said once,
337
1234627
2626
Raz povedala:
20:49
"In the course of history,
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1237277
1954
"V behu dejín príde čas,
20:51
there comes a time
when humanity is called upon
when humanity is called upon
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4011
keď ľudstvo dosiahne novú úroveň vedomia,
20:55
to shift to a new level of consciousness,
340
1243290
4751
21:00
to reach a higher moral ground."
341
1248065
3457
vyššiu morálku.“
21:04
And that's what we have to do.
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1252135
1919
To je naša úloha.
21:06
We have to reach
a new level of consciousness,
a new level of consciousness,
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1254078
3288
Potrebujeme novú úroveň vedomia,
21:09
a higher moral ground.
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1257390
1967
vyššiu morálku.
21:11
And we have to do it this year
in those two big summits.
in those two big summits.
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1259791
3841
A potrebujeme to
už na tých dvoch veľkých samitoch.
už na tých dvoch veľkých samitoch.
21:16
And that won't happen unless
we have the momentum
we have the momentum
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1264108
3598
A na to treba veľkú hybnú silu
ľudí z celého sveta, ktorí povedia:
ľudí z celého sveta, ktorí povedia:
21:19
from people around the world who say:
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1267730
3147
„Chceme konať.
21:22
"We want action now,
348
1270901
1520
21:24
we want to change course,
349
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1571
Chceme zmeniť kurz.
21:26
we want a safe world,
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1373
Chceme bezpečný svet
pre budúce generácie,
pre budúce generácie,
21:27
a safe world for future generations,
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1275437
2175
21:29
a safe world for our children
and our grandchildren,
and our grandchildren,
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1277636
2608
pre naše deti a vnúčatá.
Všetci sme na jednej lodi.“
21:32
and we're all in this together."
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2271
21:34
Thank you.
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1160
Ďakujem vám.
21:35
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mary Robinson - Global leaderMary Robinson served as president of Ireland from 1990 to 1997, and as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002. She now leads a foundation devoted to climate justice.
Why you should listen
Mary Robinson is president of the Mary Robinson Foundation: Climate Justice, and the United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Envoy on Climate Change. She was the president of Ireland from 1990-1997 and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997-2002, and is now a member of The Elders and the Club of Madrid. She is also a member of the Lead Group of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement. In 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama, and between March 2013 and August 2014 she served as the UN Secretary General’s Special Envoy for the Great Lakes region of Africa.
A former president of the International Commission of Jurists and former chair of the Council of Women World Leaders, Robinson was founder and president of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, from 2002 to 2010. Robinson’s memoir, Everybody Matters, was published in 2012.
More profile about the speakerA former president of the International Commission of Jurists and former chair of the Council of Women World Leaders, Robinson was founder and president of Realizing Rights: The Ethical Globalization Initiative, from 2002 to 2010. Robinson’s memoir, Everybody Matters, was published in 2012.
Mary Robinson | Speaker | TED.com