TEDGlobal 2014
Laura Boushnak: For these women, reading is a daring act
Laura Boushnak: Za te ženske je branje drznost
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V nekaterih delih sveta polovica žensk ne zna pisati in brati. Vzroki so različni, a v večini primerov očetje, možje in celo matere ne cenijo pismenosti. Fotografinja in članica programa TED Fellows je potovala v Jemen, Egipt in Tunizijo, da bi izpostavila pogumne ženske - šolarke, politične aktivistke, 60-letne matere, ki se borijo s statistiko.
Laura Boushnak - Photographer
Laura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world. Full bio
Laura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
As an Arab female photographer,
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Kot ženska arabska fotografinja
00:14
I have always found ample inspiration
for my projects in personal experiences.
for my projects in personal experiences.
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sem navdih za projekte
vedno iskala v svojih izkušnjah.
vedno iskala v svojih izkušnjah.
00:20
The passion I developed for knowledge,
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Strast za znanjem mi je dovolila,
da podiram meje do boljšega življenja,
da podiram meje do boljšega življenja,
00:22
which allowed me to break barriers
towards a better life
towards a better life
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00:25
was the motivation
for my project I Read I Write.
for my project I Read I Write.
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je bila motivacija
za moj projekt Jaz berem, jaz pišem.
za moj projekt Jaz berem, jaz pišem.
00:29
Pushed by my own experience,
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Gnale so me moje izkušnje,
00:31
as I was not allowed initially
to pursue my higher education,
to pursue my higher education,
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saj na začetku nisem smela študirati,
00:35
I decided to explore and document
stories of other women
stories of other women
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sem se odločila, da bom raziskala
in dokumentirala zgodbe drugih žensk,
in dokumentirala zgodbe drugih žensk,
00:39
who changed their lives through education,
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ki so spremenile svoja življenja
skozi izobrazbo,
skozi izobrazbo,
in izpostavila ter se spraševala o ovirah,
ki so jih morale premagati.
ki so jih morale premagati.
00:42
while exposing and questioning
the barriers they face.
the barriers they face.
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00:46
I covered a range of topics
that concern women's education,
that concern women's education,
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Pokrila sem več tem,
ki zadevajo izobrazbo žensk,
ki zadevajo izobrazbo žensk,
00:50
keeping in mind the differences
among Arab countries
among Arab countries
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in še vedno imela v mislih
razlike v arabskih državah
razlike v arabskih državah
00:52
due to economic and social factors.
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zaradi ekonomskih in družbenih dejavnikov.
00:55
These issues include female illiteracy,
which is quite high in the region;
which is quite high in the region;
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Ti problemi vključujejo nepismenost žensk,
ki je v teh regijah visoka,
ki je v teh regijah visoka,
00:59
educational reforms;
programs for dropout students;
programs for dropout students;
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reforme v izobrazbi,
programi za tiste, ki niso končali šole,
programi za tiste, ki niso končali šole,
in politični aktivizem
med univerzitetnimi študenti.
med univerzitetnimi študenti.
01:04
and political activism
among university students.
among university students.
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01:08
As I started this work,
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Ko sem pričela z delom,
01:09
it was not always easy
to convince the women to participate.
to convince the women to participate.
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včasih ni bilo lahko
prepričati žensk k sodelovanju.
prepričati žensk k sodelovanju.
01:13
Only after explaining to them
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Šele ko sem jim razložila,
01:15
how their stories
might influence other women's lives,
might influence other women's lives,
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kako lahko njihove zgodbe
vplivajo na življenja drugih žensk,
vplivajo na življenja drugih žensk,
01:18
how they would become role models
for their own community, did some agree.
for their own community, did some agree.
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kako lahko postanejo vzor v svoji
skupnosti, so se nekatere strinjale.
skupnosti, so se nekatere strinjale.
Iskala sem skupen in refleksiven pristop,
01:22
Seeking a collaborative
and reflexive approach,
and reflexive approach,
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01:26
I asked them to write
their own words and ideas
their own words and ideas
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prosila sem jih, da napišejo svoje besede
in ideje na svoje fotografije.
in ideje na svoje fotografije.
01:29
on prints of their own images.
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Te slike smo potem delili
v nekaterih učilnicah
v nekaterih učilnicah
01:31
Those images were then shared
in some of the classrooms,
in some of the classrooms,
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01:34
and worked to inspire
and motivate other women
and motivate other women
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in s tem navdihnili
in motivirali druge ženske,
in motivirali druge ženske,
01:37
going through similar educations
and situations.
and situations.
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ki se enako izobražujejo
in so postavljene v podobne situacije.
in so postavljene v podobne situacije.
01:42
Aisha, a teacher from Yemen, wrote,
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Aisha, učiteljica iz Jemna, je napisala:
''Izobrazbo sem iskala,
da bi postala neodvisna
da bi postala neodvisna
01:45
"I sought education in order
to be independent
to be independent
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in da ne bi za vse potrebovala moških.''
01:48
and to not count on men with everything."
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Ena od mojih prvih oseb je bila
Umm El-Saad iz Egipta.
Umm El-Saad iz Egipta.
01:51
One of my first subjects
was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
was Umm El-Saad from Egypt.
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01:55
When we first met, she was
barely able to write her name.
barely able to write her name.
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Ko sva se prvič srečali,
je komaj znala napisati svoje ime.
je komaj znala napisati svoje ime.
Hodila je na devetmesečni
program pismenosti,
program pismenosti,
01:58
She was attending
a nine-month literacy program
a nine-month literacy program
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ki ga je vodila nevladna organizacija
v predmestju Kaira.
v predmestju Kaira.
02:01
run by a local NGO in the Cairo suburbs.
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Mesece pozneje se je šalila,
da ji je njen mož
da ji je njen mož
02:04
Months later, she was joking
that her husband
that her husband
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02:06
had threatened to pull her
out of the classes,
out of the classes,
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grozil, da jo bo izpisal iz programa,
02:08
as he found out that his now literate wife
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saj je ugotovil, da njegova,
zdaj pismena žena,
zdaj pismena žena,
02:11
was going through his phone text messages.
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bere njegova sms sporočila.
(Smeh)
02:13
(Laughter)
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Poredna Umm El-Saad.
02:15
Naughty Umm El-Saad.
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02:17
Of course, that's not why
Umm El-Saad joined the program.
Umm El-Saad joined the program.
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Seveda to ni bil razlog,
da se je Umm El-Saad pridružila programu.
da se je Umm El-Saad pridružila programu.
Videla sem, kako se je trudila
dobiti nadzor nad preprosto dnevno rutino,
dobiti nadzor nad preprosto dnevno rutino,
02:21
I saw how she was longing to gain
control over her simple daily routines,
control over her simple daily routines,
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majhnimi samoumevnimi podrobnostmi,
02:26
small details that we take for granted,
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02:27
from counting money at the market
to helping her kids in homework.
to helping her kids in homework.
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od štetja denarja v trgovini
do pomaganja otrokom pri domači nalogi.
do pomaganja otrokom pri domači nalogi.
Kljub svoji revščini
in miselnosti njenega okolja,
in miselnosti njenega okolja,
02:32
Despite her poverty
and her community's mindset,
and her community's mindset,
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ki podcenjuje izobrazbo žensk,
02:35
which belittles women's education,
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02:37
Umm El-Saad, along with
her Egyptian classmates,
her Egyptian classmates,
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je bila Umm El-Saad
skupaj z egipčanskimi sošolkami
skupaj z egipčanskimi sošolkami
02:39
was eager to learn how to read and write.
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zagnana za učenje branja in pisanja.
02:44
In Tunisia, I met Asma,
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V Tuniziji sem spoznala Asmo,
eno izmed štirih aktivistk,
ki sem jih intervjuvala.
ki sem jih intervjuvala.
02:46
one of the four activist women
I interviewed.
I interviewed.
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02:49
The secular bioengineering student
is quite active on social media.
is quite active on social media.
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Študentka sekularnega bioinženiringa
je aktivna na družbenih omrežjih.
je aktivna na družbenih omrežjih.
02:54
Regarding her country, which treasured
what has been called the Arab Spring,
what has been called the Arab Spring,
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Njena država je vedno cenila nekaj,
kar se imenuje arabska pomlad,
kar se imenuje arabska pomlad,
in povedala je: ''Vedno sem si želela
odkriti novo bakterijo.
odkriti novo bakterijo.
03:00
she said, "I've always dreamt
of discovering a new bacteria.
of discovering a new bacteria.
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Zdaj, po revoluciji,
najdemo novo čisto vsak dan.''
najdemo novo čisto vsak dan.''
03:03
Now, after the revolution,
we have a new one every single day."
we have a new one every single day."
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03:06
Asma was referring to the rise
of religious fundamentalism in the region,
of religious fundamentalism in the region,
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Asma se je sklicevala na vstajo
verskega fundamentalizma v regiji,
verskega fundamentalizma v regiji,
03:11
which is another obstacle
to women in particular.
to women in particular.
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ki je še ena ovira, posebej za ženske.
03:15
Out of all the women I met,
Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
Fayza from Yemen affected me the most.
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Od vseh žensk, ki sem jih spoznala,
me je Fayza iz Jemna najbolj ganila.
me je Fayza iz Jemna najbolj ganila.
03:20
Fayza was forced to drop out of school
at the age of eight when she was married.
at the age of eight when she was married.
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Fayzo so prisilili, da se izpiše iz šole
pri osmih letih, ko se je poročila.
pri osmih letih, ko se je poročila.
03:25
That marriage lasted for a year.
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Ta zakon je trajal eno leto.
Ko je bila 14, je postala tretja žena
60-letnemu moškemu
60-letnemu moškemu
03:28
At 14, she became the third wife
of a 60-year-old man,
of a 60-year-old man,
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03:32
and by the time she was 18,
she was a divorced mother of three.
she was a divorced mother of three.
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in ko je dopolnila 18 let,
je bila ločena mama trem otrokom.
je bila ločena mama trem otrokom.
03:37
Despite her poverty,
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Kljub njeni revščini
in kljub družbenemu statusu ločenke
v izjemno konzervativni družbi
v izjemno konzervativni družbi
03:39
despite her social status as a divorcée
in an ultra-conservative society,
in an ultra-conservative society,
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in kljub nasprotovanju njenih staršev,
da se vrne nazaj v šolo,
da se vrne nazaj v šolo,
03:44
and despite the opposition of her parents
to her going back to school,
to her going back to school,
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je Fayza vedela, da je edina možnost,
da kontrolira svoje življenje, izobrazba.
da kontrolira svoje življenje, izobrazba.
03:48
Fayza knew that her only way
to control her life was through education.
to control her life was through education.
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Danes je stara 26.
03:53
She is now 26.
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Prejela je štipendijo
nevladne organizacije,
nevladne organizacije,
03:55
She received a grant from a local NGO
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da si plača poslovne študije na univerzi.
03:57
to fund her business studies
at the university.
at the university.
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Njen cilj je najti službo,
najeti stanovanje
najeti stanovanje
04:00
Her goal is to find a job,
rent a place to live in,
rent a place to live in,
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04:04
and bring her kids back with her.
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in s seboj vzeti otroke.
04:07
The Arab states are going through
tremendous change,
tremendous change,
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Arabske države preživljajo
velike spremembe
velike spremembe
in težave, s katerimi se ženske srečujejo,
so neizmerne.
so neizmerne.
04:11
and the struggles women face
are overwhelming.
are overwhelming.
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04:14
Just like the women I photographed,
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Tako kot ženske, ki sem jih fotografirala,
04:16
I had to overcome many barriers
to becoming the photographer I am today,
to becoming the photographer I am today,
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sem tudi jaz morala premagovati ovire,
da sem postala takšna fotografinja,
da sem postala takšna fotografinja,
04:21
many people along the way
telling me what I can and cannot do.
telling me what I can and cannot do.
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na moji poti so mi ljudje govorili,
kaj lahko in kaj ne morem početi.
kaj lahko in kaj ne morem početi.
04:25
Umm El-Saad, Asma and Fayza,
and many women across the Arab world,
and many women across the Arab world,
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Umm El-Saad, Asma in Fayza
in številne ženske v arabskem svetu
in številne ženske v arabskem svetu
04:30
show that it is possible
to overcome barriers to education,
to overcome barriers to education,
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kažejo, da je mogoče premagati ovire
na poti do izobrazbe,
na poti do izobrazbe,
04:34
which they know is the best means
to a better future.
to a better future.
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saj vedo, da izobrazba
omogoča boljšo prihodnost.
omogoča boljšo prihodnost.
04:39
And here I would like to end
with a quote by Yasmine,
with a quote by Yasmine,
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In tukaj bi rada zaključila
s citatom Yasmine,
s citatom Yasmine,
ene izmed štirih žensk,
ki sem jih intervjuvala v Tuniziji.
ki sem jih intervjuvala v Tuniziji.
04:42
one of the four activist women
I interviewed in Tunisia.
I interviewed in Tunisia.
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04:45
Yasmine wrote,
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Yasmine je napisala:
04:47
"Question your convictions.
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''Dvomite v svoja prepričanja.
04:49
Be who you to want to be,
not who they want you to be.
not who they want you to be.
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Bodite to, kar vi želite postati
in ne to, kar drugi želijo, da postanete.
in ne to, kar drugi želijo, da postanete.
Ne sprejmite zasužnjenja, saj vas
je vaša mati rodila, da ste svobodni."
je vaša mati rodila, da ste svobodni."
04:53
Don't accept their enslavement,
for your mother birthed you free."
for your mother birthed you free."
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Hvala.
04:56
Thank you.
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(Aplavz)
04:59
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Boushnak - PhotographerLaura Boushnak is a Kuwaiti-born Palestinian photographer whose work focuses on women, literacy and education reform in the Arab world.
Why you should listen
Boushnak's documentary project I Read I Write explores the barriers women face accessing education and the role of literacy in improving the lives of women in Egypt, Yemen, Kuwait, Jordan, Tunisia and Saudi Arabia. For the project, Boushnak encouraged women to write their thoughts on prints of their portraits, engaging them directly in the artistic process. Boushnak’s images have been widely published, and her work has been exhibited in museums and galleries around the world. She is a co-founder of Rawiya, a collective that brings together the work and experience of female photographers from the Middle East.
Laura Boushnak | Speaker | TED.com