TED2018
Enric Sala: Let's turn the high seas into the world's largest nature reserve
Enrik Sala (Enric Sala): Hajde da otvoreno more pretvorimo u najveći prirodni rezervat
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Šta ako bismo mogli da sačuvamo ribolovačku industrju i u isto vreme zaštitimo okean? Morski ekolog, Enrik Sala, deli svoj smeo plan da zaštiti otvoreno more - jedno od poslednjih netaknutih predela zemlje, koji je van nadležnosti bilo koje države - stvarajući ogromni prirodni rezervat koji pokriva dve trećine svetskog okeana. Sala veruje da ćemo štiteći otvoreno more obnoviti ekološke, ekonomske i socijalne koristi okeana. „Kada izjednačimo ekonomske potrebe sa očuvanjem, čuda su moguća", kaže Sala.
Enric Sala - Marine ecologist
Dr. Enric Sala is a former university professor who saw himself writing the obituary of ocean life and quit academia to become a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence. Full bio
Dr. Enric Sala is a former university professor who saw himself writing the obituary of ocean life and quit academia to become a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
If you were to jump
into any random spot in the ocean,
into any random spot in the ocean,
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Ako biste uskočili u bilo koje
nasumično mesto u okeanu,
nasumično mesto u okeanu,
00:17
you would probably see
something like this.
something like this.
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verovatno biste videli nešto poput ovoga.
00:20
Empty of large animals.
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Nema velikih životinja.
00:23
Because we have taken them
out of the water
out of the water
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Zato što smo ih vadili iz vode
00:26
faster than they can reproduce.
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brže nego što mogu da se razmnože.
00:29
Today I want to propose a strategy
to save ocean life,
to save ocean life,
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Danas bih želeo da predložim
strategiju za očuvanje života u okeanu
strategiju za očuvanje života u okeanu
00:33
and the solution has
a lot to do with economics.
a lot to do with economics.
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i ovo rešenje ima dosta veze
sa ekonomijom.
sa ekonomijom.
00:36
In 1999, a little place
called Cabo Pulmo in Mexico
called Cabo Pulmo in Mexico
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Godine 1999, malo mesto po imenu
Kabo Pulmo, u Meksiku,
Kabo Pulmo, u Meksiku,
00:40
was an underwater desert.
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bilo je podvodna pustinja.
00:42
The fishermen were so upset
not having enough fish to catch
not having enough fish to catch
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Ribolovci su bili toliko ljuti
što nema dovoljno ribe za pecanje
što nema dovoljno ribe za pecanje
00:46
that they did something
that no one expected.
that no one expected.
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da su uradili nešto što
niko nije očekivao.
niko nije očekivao.
00:49
Instead of spending more time at sea,
trying to catch the few fish left,
trying to catch the few fish left,
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Umesto da provode više vremena na moru,
pokušavajući da upecaju preostalu ribu,
pokušavajući da upecaju preostalu ribu,
00:53
they stopped fishing completely.
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potpuno su prestali da pecaju.
00:57
They created a national park in the sea.
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Napravili su nacionalni park u moru.
01:00
A no-take marine reserve.
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Strogo zaštićen morski rezervat.
01:04
When we returned, 10 years later,
this is what we saw.
this is what we saw.
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Kada smo se vratili, 10 godina kasnije,
videli smo ovo.
videli smo ovo.
01:09
What had been an underwater barren
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Ono što je bila pustara
01:13
was now a kaleidoscope of life and color.
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sada je bio kaleidoskop života i boje.
01:17
We saw it back to pristine
in only 10 years.
in only 10 years.
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Povratili smo netaknuto stanje
za samo 10 godina.
za samo 10 godina.
01:20
Including the return
of the large predators,
of the large predators,
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Uključujući povratak velikih predatora
01:22
like the groupers, the sharks, the jacks.
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poput kirnja, ajkula, bitnica.
01:26
And those visionary fishermen
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I ti ribolovci sa vizijom
01:29
are making much more money
now, from tourism.
now, from tourism.
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sada zarađuju daleko više od turizma.
01:34
Now, when we can align
economic needs with conservation,
economic needs with conservation,
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Kada možemo da pomirimo
ekonomske potrebe sa očuvanjem,
ekonomske potrebe sa očuvanjem,
01:37
miracles can happen.
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čuda su moguća.
01:40
And we have seen similar recoveries
all over the world.
all over the world.
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I videli smo sličan oporavak
svuda po svetu.
svuda po svetu.
01:44
I spent 20 years studying
human impacts in the ocean.
human impacts in the ocean.
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Proveo sam 20 godina proučavajući
posledice čovečanstva u okeanu.
posledice čovečanstva u okeanu.
01:50
But when I saw firsthand the regeneration
of places like Cabo Pulmo,
of places like Cabo Pulmo,
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Ali kada sam iz prve ruke video oporavak
mesta poput Kabo Pulma,
mesta poput Kabo Pulma,
01:57
that gave me hope.
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povratila mi se nada.
01:59
So I decided to quit my job
as a university professor
as a university professor
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Odlučio sam da dam otkaz
na mesto univerzitetskog profesora
na mesto univerzitetskog profesora
02:03
to dedicate my life to save
more ocean places like this.
more ocean places like this.
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da bih posvetio svoj život
očuvanju još ovakvih delova okeana.
očuvanju još ovakvih delova okeana.
02:09
In the last 10 years, our team
at National Geographic Pristine Seas
at National Geographic Pristine Seas
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Proteklih 10 godina, naš tim iz
Netaknutih mora Nacionalne geografije
Netaknutih mora Nacionalne geografije
02:13
has explored, surveyed and documented
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istražio je, pregledao i zabeležio
02:16
some of the wildest places
left in the ocean
left in the ocean
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neka od najbujnijih mesta
preostalih u okeanu
preostalih u okeanu
02:19
and worked with governments
to protect them.
to protect them.
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i sarađiovao sa vladama
ne bi li ih zaštitio.
ne bi li ih zaštitio.
02:22
These are all now protected, covering
a total area half the size of Canada.
a total area half the size of Canada.
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Sva ona su sada zaštićena, i pokrivaju
površinu polovine teritorije Kanade.
površinu polovine teritorije Kanade.
02:27
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:32
These places are the Yellowstones
and the Serengetis of the sea.
and the Serengetis of the sea.
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Ova mesta su Jeloustounovi
i Serengetiji mora.
i Serengetiji mora.
02:39
These are places
where you jump in the water
where you jump in the water
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Ovo su mesta gde uskočite u vodu
02:42
and are immediately surrounded by sharks.
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i momentalno ste opkoljeni ajkulama.
02:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:46
And this is good,
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I ovo je dobro,
02:48
because the sharks are a good indicator
of the health of the ecosystem.
of the health of the ecosystem.
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jer su ajkule dobar pokazatelj
zdravlja ekosistema.
zdravlja ekosistema.
02:52
These places are time machines
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Ova mesta su vremeplovi
02:55
that take us to the ocean
of 1,000 years ago.
of 1,000 years ago.
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koja nas vode u okean od pre 1000 godina.
02:58
But they also show us
what the future ocean could be like.
what the future ocean could be like.
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Ali nam takođe pokazuju
kakva bi mogla biti budućnost okeana.
kakva bi mogla biti budućnost okeana.
03:03
Because the ocean has extraordinary
regenerative power,
regenerative power,
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Pošto okean ima neverovatnu
moć regeneracije,
moć regeneracije,
03:07
we have seen great recovery
in just a few years.
in just a few years.
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videli smo veliki oporavak
za samo nekoliko godina.
za samo nekoliko godina.
03:10
We just need to protect
many more places at risk
many more places at risk
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Moramo da zaštitimo
još mnogo ugroženih područja
još mnogo ugroženih područja
03:14
so they can become wild
and full of life again.
and full of life again.
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ne bi li ponovo postala
bujna i puna života.
bujna i puna života.
03:18
But today, only two percent of the ocean
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Ali danas, tek dva odsto okeana
03:22
is fully protected from fishing
and other activities.
and other activities.
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je potpuno zaštićeno od pecanja
i drugih aktivnosti.
i drugih aktivnosti.
03:26
And that's not enough.
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A to nije dovoljno.
03:28
Studies suggest that we need at least
30 percent of the ocean under protection
30 percent of the ocean under protection
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Istraživanja pokazuju da nam je potrebno
minimum 30 odsto zaštićenog okeana
minimum 30 odsto zaštićenog okeana
03:33
not just to save marine life,
but to save us, too.
but to save us, too.
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ne samo da bismo spasili morski život,
već i nas same.
već i nas same.
03:36
Because the ocean gives us more than half
of the oxygen we breathe, food,
of the oxygen we breathe, food,
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Pošto nam okean daje više od polovine
kiseonika koju udišemo, hranu,
kiseonika koju udišemo, hranu,
03:41
it absorbs much of the carbon pollution
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upija većinu štetnog ugljenika
03:44
that we throw in the atmosphere.
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koji bacamo u atmosferu.
03:46
We need a healthy ocean to survive.
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Potreban nam je zdrav okean
da bismo preživeli.
da bismo preživeli.
03:50
Now, is there a way
to accelerate ocean protection?
to accelerate ocean protection?
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E sad, da li postoji način
da ubrzamo zaštitu okeana?
da ubrzamo zaštitu okeana?
03:55
I think so.
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Mislim da postoji.
03:57
And it involves us looking
at the high seas.
at the high seas.
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I on podrazumeva da pogledamo
u otvoreno more.
u otvoreno more.
04:01
Now, what are the high seas?
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Šta je otvoreno more?
04:02
Now coastal countries have authority
over 200 nautical miles from shore.
over 200 nautical miles from shore.
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Danas priobalne zemlje imaju nadležnost
nad 200 morskih milja od obale.
nad 200 morskih milja od obale.
04:09
Everything beyond those areas
are called the high seas.
are called the high seas.
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Sve izvan tih delova je otvoreno more.
04:13
In dark blue on this map.
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Na ovoj mapi tamno plavo.
04:15
No country owns the high seas,
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Nijedna država ne poseduje otvoreno more,
04:17
no country is responsible for them,
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nijedna država nije za njega odgovorna,
04:20
but they all are, so it's a little
like the Wild West.
like the Wild West.
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ali sve jesu, pa je malo
nalik divljem zapadu.
nalik divljem zapadu.
04:23
And there are two main types
of fishing in the high seas.
of fishing in the high seas.
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I postoje dve glavne vrste pecanja
na otvorenom moru.
na otvorenom moru.
04:26
At the bottom and near the surface.
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Na dnu i blizu površine.
04:29
Bottom trawling is the most
destructive practice in the world.
destructive practice in the world.
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Povlačenje mreže po dnu
je najdestruktivnija praksa na svetu.
je najdestruktivnija praksa na svetu.
04:35
Super trawlers, the largest
fishing vessels in the ocean,
fishing vessels in the ocean,
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Super koće, najveća ribolovačka vozila
u okeanu,
u okeanu,
04:38
have nets so large
that they can hold a dozen 747 jets.
that they can hold a dozen 747 jets.
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imaju toliko velike mreže da mogu
da drže tuce boinga 747.
da drže tuce boinga 747.
04:46
These huge nets destroy
everything in their paths --
everything in their paths --
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Ove ogromne mreže
uništavaju sve pred sobom -
uništavaju sve pred sobom -
04:51
including deep corals
that grow on sea mounds,
that grow on sea mounds,
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uključujući dubinske korale
koji žive na morskim grebenima
koji žive na morskim grebenima
04:54
which can be thousands of years old.
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koji mogu biti stari hiljadama godina.
04:57
And fishing near the surface
targets mostly species
targets mostly species
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A pecanje pri površini
uglavnom je usmereno ka vrstama
uglavnom je usmereno ka vrstama
05:00
that migrate between
the high seas and country's waters,
the high seas and country's waters,
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koje migriraju između
otvorenog mora i državnih voda,
otvorenog mora i državnih voda,
05:03
like tuna and sharks.
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poput tuna i ajkula.
05:05
And many of these species are threatened
because of too much fishing
because of too much fishing
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I mnoge od ovih vrsta su ugrožene
zbog previše pecanja
zbog previše pecanja
05:09
and bad management.
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i lošeg upravljanja.
05:11
Now, who fishes in the high seas?
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Ko peca na otvorenom moru?
05:14
Until now, it was difficult
to know exactly,
to know exactly,
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Do sad, bilo je teško reći sa preciznošću,
05:17
because countries have been very secretive
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jer su države bile veoma tajnovite
05:19
about the long-distance fishing.
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o dalekom pecanju.
05:22
But now, satellite technology
allows us to track individual boats.
allows us to track individual boats.
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Ali sada nam satelitska tehnologija
omogućava da pratimo pojedinačne brodove.
omogućava da pratimo pojedinačne brodove.
05:28
This is a game-changer.
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Ovo je prekretnica.
05:31
And this is the first time
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I ovo je prvi put
05:32
we are presenting the data
that you are going to see.
that you are going to see.
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da pokazujemo podatke koje ćete videti.
05:37
I'm going to show you
the tracks of two boats
the tracks of two boats
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Pokazaću vam tragove dva broda
05:39
over the course of a year,
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u toku jedne godine,
05:42
using a satellite automated
identification system.
identification system.
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koristeći satelitski automatizovan
sisatem za identifikaciju.
sisatem za identifikaciju.
05:46
This is a long-liner, fishing
around the southern coast of Africa.
around the southern coast of Africa.
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Ovo je parangal, koji peca
oko južne obale Afrike.
oko južne obale Afrike.
05:51
After a few months fishing there,
the boat goes to Japan to resupply,
the boat goes to Japan to resupply,
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Nakon nekoliko meseci pecanja,
brod ide u Japan da obnovi zalihe,
brod ide u Japan da obnovi zalihe,
05:56
and shortly after, here it is,
fishing around Madagascar.
fishing around Madagascar.
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i ubrzo nakon toga, evo ga,
peca oko Madagaskara.
peca oko Madagaskara.
06:00
This is a Russian trawler
fishing, probably, for cod,
fishing, probably, for cod,
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Ovo je ruski brod sa mrežom,
hvata, verovatno, bakalara,
hvata, verovatno, bakalara,
06:05
in Russian waters,
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u ruskim vodama,
06:06
and then across the high seas
of the north Atlantic.
of the north Atlantic.
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a zatim preko otvorenog mora
severnog Atlantika.
severnog Atlantika.
06:10
Thanks to Global Fishing Watch,
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Zahvaljujući Straži svetskog pecanja,
06:13
we have been able to track
over 3,600 boats
over 3,600 boats
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uspeli smo da ispratimo
preko 3600 brodova
preko 3600 brodova
06:17
from more than 20 countries,
fishing in the high seas.
fishing in the high seas.
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iz više od 20 zemalja,
kako pecaju na otvorenom moru.
kako pecaju na otvorenom moru.
06:21
They use satellite positioning
and machine-learning technology
and machine-learning technology
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Koriste satelitsko pozicioniranje
i tehnologiju mašinskog učenja
i tehnologiju mašinskog učenja
06:25
to automatically identify
if a boat is just sailing or fishing,
if a boat is just sailing or fishing,
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da automatski prepoznaju
da li brod samo plovi ili peca,
da li brod samo plovi ili peca,
06:30
which are the white spots here.
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što su bele tačke ovde.
06:32
So with an international
group of colleagues,
group of colleagues,
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Tako smo sa međunarodnom grupom kolega
06:34
we decided to investigate
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odlučili da istražimo
06:36
not only who fishes in the high seas,
but who benefits from it.
but who benefits from it.
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ne samo ko peca na otvorenom moru,
već ko od toga profitira.
već ko od toga profitira.
06:42
My colleague, Juan Mayorga,
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Moj kolega, Huan Majorga,
06:43
at the University of California,
Santa Barbara,
Santa Barbara,
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sa Univerziteta Kalifornije,
Santa Barbara,
Santa Barbara,
06:45
has produced detailed
maps of fishing effort,
maps of fishing effort,
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napravio je detaljne mape
pecaroških poduhvata,
pecaroških poduhvata,
06:48
which means how much time
and fuel is spent fishing
and fuel is spent fishing
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što znači koliko vremena
i goriva je potrošeno na pecanje
i goriva je potrošeno na pecanje
06:51
in every pixel in the ocean.
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u svakom pikselu u okenu.
06:53
We have a map for every country.
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Imamo mapu svake države.
06:56
China, Taiwan, Japan,
Korea and Spain alone
Korea and Spain alone
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Samo su Kina, Tajvan, Japan,
Koreja i Španija
Koreja i Španija
07:00
account for almost 80 percent
of the fishing in the high seas.
of the fishing in the high seas.
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zaslužne za gotovo 80 odsto
pecanja na otvorenom moru.
pecanja na otvorenom moru.
07:04
When we put all of the countries together,
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Kada saberemo sve države,
07:07
this is what we get.
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dobijemo ovo.
07:09
Because we know the identity
of every boat in the database,
of every boat in the database,
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Pošto znamo identitet
svakog broda u bazi podataka,
svakog broda u bazi podataka,
07:15
we know its size, its tonnage,
the power of its engines,
the power of its engines,
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znamo njegovu veličinu, težinu,
snagu motora,
snagu motora,
07:19
how many crew are on board.
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koliko ima članova posade.
07:22
With this information, we can calculate
fuel costs, labor costs, etc.
fuel costs, labor costs, etc.
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Sa ovim informacijama, možemo da
izračunamo cene goriva, najamnine, itd.
izračunamo cene goriva, najamnine, itd.
07:27
So for the first time,
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Tako smo po prvi put
07:29
we have been able to map
the costs of fishing in the high seas.
the costs of fishing in the high seas.
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mogli da napravimo mapu
troškova pecanja na otvorenom moru.
troškova pecanja na otvorenom moru.
07:34
The darker the red, the higher the costs.
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Što je crvena tamnija, to su cene veće.
07:37
Thanks to our colleagues
at the University of British Columbia,
at the University of British Columbia,
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Zahvaljujući našim kolegama
sa Univerziteta Britanska Kolumbija,
sa Univerziteta Britanska Kolumbija,
07:40
we know how much every country
is actually fishing.
is actually fishing.
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znamo koliko svaka država zapravo peca.
07:44
And we know the price of the fish
as it comes off the vessel.
as it comes off the vessel.
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I znamo cenu ribe kada napusti plovilo.
07:48
Combined with the data on effort,
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U kombinaciji sa podacima o poduhvatu,
07:50
we have been able to map
the revenue of fishing the high seas.
the revenue of fishing the high seas.
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uspeli smo da mapiramo
prihode pecanja na otvorenom moru.
prihode pecanja na otvorenom moru.
07:54
The darker the blue,
the higher the revenue.
the higher the revenue.
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Što je plava tamnija, to su prihodi veći.
07:57
We have costs, and we have revenue.
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Imamo troškove i imamo prihod.
08:00
So for the first time,
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Tako smo po prvi put
08:02
we have been able to map the profitability
of fishing in the high seas.
of fishing in the high seas.
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mapirali isplativost
pecanja na otvorenom moru.
pecanja na otvorenom moru.
08:08
Now I'm going to show you a map.
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Sada ću vam pokazati jednu mapu.
08:10
Red colors mean we are losing money
by fishing in that part of the ocean.
by fishing in that part of the ocean.
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Crveno znači da gubimo novac
pecajući u tom delu okeana.
pecajući u tom delu okeana.
08:16
Blue colors mean it's profitable.
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Plavo znači da je isplativo.
08:19
Here it is.
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Evo ga.
08:21
It seems mostly profitable.
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Deluje da je uglavnom isplativo.
08:23
But there are two more factors
we have to take into account.
we have to take into account.
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Ali ovo su još dva faktora
koja moramo da uzmemo u obzir.
koja moramo da uzmemo u obzir.
08:28
First, recent investigations reveal
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Prvo, skorija istraživanja otkrivaju
08:32
the use of forced labor, or slave labor,
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korišćenje prisilnog rada ili robova
08:35
in high seas fishing.
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u ribolovu na otvorenom moru.
08:37
Companies use it to cut costs,
to generate profits.
to generate profits.
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Kompanije ga koriste da srežu troškove,
da generišu profit.
da generišu profit.
08:42
And second, every year,
governments subsidize high seas fishing
governments subsidize high seas fishing
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Drugo, svake godine, vlade subvencionišu
ribolov na otvorenom moru
ribolov na otvorenom moru
08:47
with more than four billion dollars.
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sa više od četiri milijarde dolara.
08:51
Let's go back to the map of profits.
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Da se vratimo na mapu zarade.
08:53
If we assume fair wages,
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Ako pretpostavimo da su plate fer,
08:55
which means not slave labor,
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što znači da nema robovskog rada,
08:57
and we remove the subsidies
from our calculation,
from our calculation,
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i ako iz jednačine izuzmemo subvencije,
09:02
the map turns into this.
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mapa se pretvori u ovo.
09:05
Fishing is truly profitable in only half
of the high seas fishing grounds.
of the high seas fishing grounds.
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Ribolov je zapravo isplativ u svega
polovini otvorenog mora gde se peca.
polovini otvorenog mora gde se peca.
09:12
In fact, on aggregate,
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Zapravo, zbirno,
09:15
subsidies are four times
larger than the profits.
larger than the profits.
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subvencije su četiri puta veće od zarade.
09:20
So we have five countries doing
most of the fishing in the high seas
most of the fishing in the high seas
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Dakle, imamo pet država
koje najviše pecaju na otvorenom moru,
koje najviše pecaju na otvorenom moru,
09:24
and the economics are dependent
on huge government subsidies,
on huge government subsidies,
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a ekonomija zavisi od ogromnih
vladinih subvencija,
vladinih subvencija,
09:27
and for some countries,
on human rights violations.
on human rights violations.
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a u nekim zemljama,
od kršenja ljudskih prava.
od kršenja ljudskih prava.
09:32
What this economic analysis reveals,
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Ono što ova ekonomska analiza otkriva
09:34
is that practically the entire high seas
fishing proposition is misguided.
fishing proposition is misguided.
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je to da je praktično sav ribolov
na otvorenom moru loše zasnovan.
na otvorenom moru loše zasnovan.
09:38
What sane government
would subsidize an industry
would subsidize an industry
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Koja vlada bi pri zdravom razumu
subvencionisala industriju
subvencionisala industriju
09:42
anchored in exploitation
and fundamentally destructive?
and fundamentally destructive?
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koja je zasnovana na eksploataciji
i koja je u osnovi destruktivna?
i koja je u osnovi destruktivna?
09:46
And not so profitable, anyway.
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I na kraju, nije toliko ni isplativa.
09:49
So, why don't we close
all of the high seas to fishing?
all of the high seas to fishing?
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Zašto onda ne zatvorimo
svo otvoreno more za pecanje?
svo otvoreno more za pecanje?
09:56
Let's create a giant high seas reserve,
two-thirds of the ocean.
two-thirds of the ocean.
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Hajde da napravimo ogromni rezervat
otvorenog mora, dve trećine okeana.
otvorenog mora, dve trećine okeana.
10:03
A modeling study from --
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Studija modela -
10:05
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:09
A modeling study from colleagues
at UC Santa Barbara,
at UC Santa Barbara,
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Studija modela kolega sa
Univerziteta Santa Barbara
Univerziteta Santa Barbara
10:12
suggests that such reserve
would help migratory species like tuna
would help migratory species like tuna
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nagoveštava da bi takav rezervat
pomogao migracionim vrstama poput tune
pomogao migracionim vrstama poput tune
10:15
recover in the high seas.
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da se oporave na otvorenom moru.
10:17
And part of that increased abundance would
spill over into the countries' waters,
spill over into the countries' waters,
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I deo tog izobilja
presuo bi se u vode država,
presuo bi se u vode država,
10:21
helping to replenish them.
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pomagajući im da se obnove.
10:23
That would also increase
the catch in these waters,
the catch in these waters,
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To bi povećalo ulov i u ovim vodama,
10:26
and so would the profits,
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a i profit,
10:28
because the cost of fishing
would be lowered.
would be lowered.
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pošto bi se snizila cena pecanja.
10:30
And the ecological benefits would be huge,
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A ekološke posledice bi bile ogromne,
10:34
because these species of large predators,
like tuna and sharks,
like tuna and sharks,
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jer su ove vrste velikih predatora,
poput tune i ajkula,
poput tune i ajkula,
10:37
are key to the health
of the entire ecosystem.
of the entire ecosystem.
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ključ zdravlja ekosistema.
10:41
Therefore, protecting the high seas
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Dakle, zaštita otvorenog mora
10:44
would have ecological, economic
and social benefits.
and social benefits.
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imala bi ekološke, ekonomske
i socijalne prednosti.
i socijalne prednosti.
10:48
But the truth is that most
fishing companies
fishing companies
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Ali istina je da
većina ribolovačkih kompanija
većina ribolovačkih kompanija
10:50
don't care about the environment.
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ne brine za okolinu.
10:52
But they would make more money
by not fishing in the high seas.
by not fishing in the high seas.
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Ali zaradili bi više
da ne pecaju na otvorenom moru.
da ne pecaju na otvorenom moru.
10:56
And this would not affect our ability
to feed our growing population,
to feed our growing population,
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I ovo ne bi uticalo na našu sposobnost
da nahranimo rastuću populaciju,
da nahranimo rastuću populaciju,
11:01
because the high seas provide only
five percent of the global marine catch,
five percent of the global marine catch,
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jer otvorena mora obezbeđuju
svega pet odsto globalnog morskog ulova,
svega pet odsto globalnog morskog ulova,
11:08
because the high seas are not
as productive as near-shore waters.
as productive as near-shore waters.
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jer otvorena mora nisu produktivna
kao priobalne vode.
kao priobalne vode.
11:12
And most of the catch of the high seas
is sold as upscale food items,
is sold as upscale food items,
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I veći deo ulova na otvorenim morima
se prodaje kao ekskluzivna hrana,
se prodaje kao ekskluzivna hrana,
11:17
like tuna sashimi or shark fin soup.
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poput sašimi tune ili supe
sa ajkulinim perajima.
sa ajkulinim perajima.
11:21
The high seas catch does not contribute
to global food security.
to global food security.
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Ulov otvorenih mora ne doprinosi
globalnoj prehrambenoj sigurnosti.
globalnoj prehrambenoj sigurnosti.
11:28
So how are we going to do it?
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Kako ćemo onda to da uradimo?
11:29
How are we going to protect the high seas?
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Kako ćemo da zaštitimo otvorena mora?
11:32
As we speak, negotiators
at the United Nations
at the United Nations
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Upravo sada, pregovarači
u Ujedinjenim nacijama
u Ujedinjenim nacijama
11:34
are beginning discussions
on a new agreement to do just that.
on a new agreement to do just that.
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započinju rasprave o novom
sporazumu koji će uraditi baš to.
sporazumu koji će uraditi baš to.
11:38
But this cannot happen
behind closed doors.
behind closed doors.
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Ali ovo se ne može desiti
iza zatvorenih vrata.
iza zatvorenih vrata.
11:42
This is our greatest opportunity.
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Ovo je naša najbolja šansa.
11:44
And we all should ensure
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I svi bi trebalo da se pobrinemo
11:46
that our countries will support
the protection of the high seas
the protection of the high seas
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da naše države podrže
zaštitu otvorenih mora
zaštitu otvorenih mora
11:51
and get rid of subsidies
to industrial fishing.
to industrial fishing.
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i otarase se subvencija
industrijalizovanog pecanja.
industrijalizovanog pecanja.
11:55
In 2016, 24 countries
and the European Union
and the European Union
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Godine 2016, 24 države i Evropska unija
12:00
agreed to protect the Ross Sea,
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saglasile su se da zaštite Rosovo more,
12:04
the wildest places in Antarctica,
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najnetaknutije delove Antarktika,
12:06
full of wildlife like killer whales,
leopard seals, penguins.
leopard seals, penguins.
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pune divljih životinja poput kitova ubica,
morskih leoparda, pingvina.
morskih leoparda, pingvina.
12:10
And this included fishing nations,
like China, Japan, Spain, Russia.
like China, Japan, Spain, Russia.
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A u ovo spadaju i ribolovačke nacije,
poput Kine, Japana, Španije, Rusije.
poput Kine, Japana, Španije, Rusije.
12:16
But they decided that protecting
such a unique environment
such a unique environment
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Ali oni su odlučili da je zaštita
tako jedinstvenih okruženja
tako jedinstvenih okruženja
12:21
would be worth more than exploiting it
for relatively little benefit.
for relatively little benefit.
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vrednija od njihovog iskorišćavanja
za relativno malu dobit.
za relativno malu dobit.
12:25
And this is exactly
the type of cooperation
the type of cooperation
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I baš ovo je vrsta saradnje
12:29
and willingness to set aside differences
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i spremnosti da se odreknemo nesuglasica
12:31
that we are going to need.
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koja će nam biti potrebna.
12:32
We can do it again.
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Možemo mi to ponovo.
12:35
If 20 years from now,
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Ako 20 godina od danas,
12:37
our children were to jump
into any random spot in the ocean,
into any random spot in the ocean,
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naša deca uskoče u nasumično
mesto u okeanu,
mesto u okeanu,
12:43
what would they see?
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šta bi videli?
12:45
A barren landscape,
like much of our seas today,
like much of our seas today,
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Opustošen predeo,
poput većine naših mora danas
poput većine naših mora danas
12:50
or an abundance of life,
our legacy to the future?
our legacy to the future?
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ili izobilje života,
naše zaveštanje budućnosti?
naše zaveštanje budućnosti?
12:53
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
12:55
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
12:58
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:59
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Enric Sala - Marine ecologistDr. Enric Sala is a former university professor who saw himself writing the obituary of ocean life and quit academia to become a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence.
Why you should listen
Dr. Enric Sala founded and leads Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research and media to inspire country leaders to protect the last wild places in the ocean. To date, Pristine Seas has helped to create 18 of the largest marine reserves on the planet, covering an area of more than five million square km (half the size of Canada).
Sala has received many honors, including 2008 World Economic Forum’s Young Global Leader, 2013 Explorers Club Lowell Thomas Award, 2013 Environmental Media Association Hero Award, 2016 Russian Geographical Society Award, and he's a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He serves on the boards of the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, Global Fishing Watch and the National Aquarium, and he advises international organizations and governments.
Enric Sala | Speaker | TED.com