TED2018
Enric Sala: Let's turn the high seas into the world's largest nature reserve
恩里克 · 萨拉: 让我们将公海变成世界上最大的自然保护区
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如果我们在拯救捕鱼业的同时还可以保护海洋，听起来如何？海洋生态学家恩里克 · 萨拉与大家分享了他的大胆计划，他希望通过创建一个巨大的海洋保护区来保卫公海，而这个保护区面积将占全球海洋的三分之二。公海是地球上仅剩的一片荒野之地，不受任何一个国家管辖。萨拉认为，在保护公海的同时，我们将重获海洋的生态效益，经济效益，以及社会效益。萨拉指出：“当我们将经济需求和生态保护结合起来时，奇迹将会发生。”
Enric Sala - Marine ecologist
Dr. Enric Sala is a former university professor who saw himself writing the obituary of ocean life and quit academia to become a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence. Full bio
Dr. Enric Sala is a former university professor who saw himself writing the obituary of ocean life and quit academia to become a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
If you were to jump
into any random spot in the ocean,
into any random spot in the ocean,
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如果你随机跳进大海的某个地方，
可能会看到这样一个情景：
00:17
you would probably see
something like this.
something like this.
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00:20
Empty of large animals.
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毫无大型动物的痕迹。
00:23
Because we have taken them
out of the water
out of the water
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因为它们被人类带离大海的速度
00:26
faster than they can reproduce.
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快于它们的繁殖速度。
00:29
Today I want to propose a strategy
to save ocean life,
to save ocean life,
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今天，我想提出一个
拯救海洋生物的策略，
拯救海洋生物的策略，
00:33
and the solution has
a lot to do with economics.
a lot to do with economics.
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这个解决方案和经济学有很大的关系。
1999年，墨西哥一个
叫普尔莫角的小地方
叫普尔莫角的小地方
00:36
In 1999, a little place
called Cabo Pulmo in Mexico
called Cabo Pulmo in Mexico
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00:40
was an underwater desert.
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曾是一片海洋沙漠。
00:42
The fishermen were so upset
not having enough fish to catch
not having enough fish to catch
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当地渔民曾因无鱼可捕而非常困扰，
00:46
that they did something
that no one expected.
that no one expected.
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于是他们做了一件令人意想不到的事，
00:49
Instead of spending more time at sea,
trying to catch the few fish left,
trying to catch the few fish left,
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比起花更多时间尝试去
捕所剩无几的鱼，
捕所剩无几的鱼，
00:53
they stopped fishing completely.
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渔民们决定彻底停止捕鱼。
00:57
They created a national park in the sea.
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他们在海里建起了一个国家公园，
01:00
A no-take marine reserve.
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一个禁止捕钓的海洋保护区。
01:04
When we returned, 10 years later,
this is what we saw.
this is what we saw.
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10年后我们回到那里，
见到的是这样一番景象——
见到的是这样一番景象——
01:09
What had been an underwater barren
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曾经的水下荒地
01:13
was now a kaleidoscope of life and color.
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如今成了一个五彩缤纷，
富有生机的地方。
富有生机的地方。
01:17
We saw it back to pristine
in only 10 years.
in only 10 years.
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我们在仅仅10年间就见证了
它回复到原始海洋状态，
它回复到原始海洋状态，
01:20
Including the return
of the large predators,
of the large predators,
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其中还包括一些大型捕食者的归来，
01:22
like the groupers, the sharks, the jacks.
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比如石斑鱼、鲨鱼、马鲹鱼。
01:26
And those visionary fishermen
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而那些极富远见的渔民们
01:29
are making much more money
now, from tourism.
now, from tourism.
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如今也从旅游业中赚到了更多的钱。
当我们将经济需求和
生态保护结合起来时，
生态保护结合起来时，
01:34
Now, when we can align
economic needs with conservation,
economic needs with conservation,
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01:37
miracles can happen.
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奇迹就会发生。
01:40
And we have seen similar recoveries
all over the world.
all over the world.
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我们在世界各地
都见证了相似的生态复苏。
都见证了相似的生态复苏。
01:44
I spent 20 years studying
human impacts in the ocean.
human impacts in the ocean.
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我花了20年研究人类
对于海洋的（负面）影响，
对于海洋的（负面）影响，
01:50
But when I saw firsthand the regeneration
of places like Cabo Pulmo,
of places like Cabo Pulmo,
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而当亲眼见证了普尔莫角
以及其他海域的重生时，
以及其他海域的重生时，
01:57
that gave me hope.
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我心中又燃起了希望。
01:59
So I decided to quit my job
as a university professor
as a university professor
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因此，我辞去了大学教授的工作，
02:03
to dedicate my life to save
more ocean places like this.
more ocean places like this.
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决定用我的余生来拯救
更多像这样的海域。
更多像这样的海域。
02:09
In the last 10 years, our team
at National Geographic Pristine Seas
at National Geographic Pristine Seas
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在过去10年间 ，我和
国家地理原始海洋考察团队一起，
国家地理原始海洋考察团队一起，
02:13
has explored, surveyed and documented
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探索、调查、并记录了
一些海洋中最宽阔的海域，
02:16
some of the wildest places
left in the ocean
left in the ocean
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02:19
and worked with governments
to protect them.
to protect them.
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并与政府合作保护这些海域。
02:22
These are all now protected, covering
a total area half the size of Canada.
a total area half the size of Canada.
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这些都是已经被保护的海域，
总面积达到加拿大领土的一半之多。
总面积达到加拿大领土的一半之多。
02:27
(Applause)
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（掌声）
02:32
These places are the Yellowstones
and the Serengetis of the sea.
and the Serengetis of the sea.
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它们就像是海中的黄石公园
和塞伦盖蒂平原。
和塞伦盖蒂平原。
02:39
These are places
where you jump in the water
where you jump in the water
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在这片海域，只要你跃入水中，
02:42
and are immediately surrounded by sharks.
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马上就会被鲨鱼环绕。
02:45
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:46
And this is good,
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这是一件好事，
02:48
because the sharks are a good indicator
of the health of the ecosystem.
of the health of the ecosystem.
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因为鲨鱼的存在表示这片海域的
生态系统非常健康。
生态系统非常健康。
02:52
These places are time machines
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这些地方就像时光机一样，
02:55
that take us to the ocean
of 1,000 years ago.
of 1,000 years ago.
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可以带我们回溯
一千年前的海洋（状况）。
一千年前的海洋（状况）。
02:58
But they also show us
what the future ocean could be like.
what the future ocean could be like.
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它们也向我们展示了
未来海洋可能的样子，
未来海洋可能的样子，
03:03
Because the ocean has extraordinary
regenerative power,
regenerative power,
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因为海洋具有超凡的再生能力，
03:07
we have seen great recovery
in just a few years.
in just a few years.
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我们见证过海洋在
短短数年中的伟大重生。
短短数年中的伟大重生。
03:10
We just need to protect
many more places at risk
many more places at risk
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我们只需去保护更多处于危险中的海域，
03:14
so they can become wild
and full of life again.
and full of life again.
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让它们重获生机。
03:18
But today, only two percent of the ocean
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但如今，只有百分之二的海洋
被全面保护，不受捕鱼和其他活动侵扰。
03:22
is fully protected from fishing
and other activities.
and other activities.
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03:26
And that's not enough.
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这还远远不够。
03:28
Studies suggest that we need at least
30 percent of the ocean under protection
30 percent of the ocean under protection
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研究表明，我们至少
需要30%的受保护海域
需要30%的受保护海域
才能适当地保护海洋生物，
同时也保护人类自己。
同时也保护人类自己。
03:33
not just to save marine life,
but to save us, too.
but to save us, too.
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因为大海为人类提供了
一半以上的氧气和食物，
一半以上的氧气和食物，
03:36
Because the ocean gives us more than half
of the oxygen we breathe, food,
of the oxygen we breathe, food,
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并且吸收了许多人类在大气中
03:41
it absorbs much of the carbon pollution
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03:44
that we throw in the atmosphere.
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造成的碳污染。
03:46
We need a healthy ocean to survive.
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为了生存，我们需要一片健康的海洋。
03:50
Now, is there a way
to accelerate ocean protection?
to accelerate ocean protection?
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是否有什么方法可以
加速海洋保护的进程呢？
加速海洋保护的进程呢？
03:55
I think so.
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我认为答案是肯定的。
03:57
And it involves us looking
at the high seas.
at the high seas.
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这就涉及到公海了。
04:01
Now, what are the high seas?
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什么是公海呢？
当下，沿海国家有权管理从其
海岸线起200海里以内的海域，
海岸线起200海里以内的海域，
04:02
Now coastal countries have authority
over 200 nautical miles from shore.
over 200 nautical miles from shore.
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04:09
Everything beyond those areas
are called the high seas.
are called the high seas.
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除去这些部分的所有海域都称为公海，
04:13
In dark blue on this map.
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即图中深蓝色的部分。
04:15
No country owns the high seas,
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公海不属于任何一个国家，
也不属于任何一个国家的管辖范围，
04:17
no country is responsible for them,
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04:20
but they all are, so it's a little
like the Wild West.
like the Wild West.
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但其实每个国家都应对其负责，
它有点像美国的西部荒地。
它有点像美国的西部荒地。
04:23
And there are two main types
of fishing in the high seas.
of fishing in the high seas.
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公海上的捕钓主要分为两类，
04:26
At the bottom and near the surface.
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海底捕钓和海面捕钓。
04:29
Bottom trawling is the most
destructive practice in the world.
destructive practice in the world.
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在海底使用拖网捕鱼是世界上
最具毁灭性的一种做法。
最具毁灭性的一种做法。
04:35
Super trawlers, the largest
fishing vessels in the ocean,
fishing vessels in the ocean,
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超大型拖网渔船是海洋上
最大的捕鱼船只，
最大的捕鱼船只，
04:38
have nets so large
that they can hold a dozen 747 jets.
that they can hold a dozen 747 jets.
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它们所携带的网非常大，
可以网住12架波音747型飞机。
可以网住12架波音747型飞机。
04:46
These huge nets destroy
everything in their paths --
everything in their paths --
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这些大网可以摧毁其所达之处的一切_
04:51
including deep corals
that grow on sea mounds,
that grow on sea mounds,
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其中包括海丘上可能已经生长了
04:54
which can be thousands of years old.
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几千年的深海珊瑚。
而海面上的捕鱼活动目标多半是那些
04:57
And fishing near the surface
targets mostly species
targets mostly species
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在公海和各国拥有的
海域之间移居的生物，
海域之间移居的生物，
05:00
that migrate between
the high seas and country's waters,
the high seas and country's waters,
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比如金枪鱼和鲨鱼。
05:03
like tuna and sharks.
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05:05
And many of these species are threatened
because of too much fishing
because of too much fishing
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许多这样的物种都因为过度捕捞
和糟糕的管理而受到了威胁。
05:09
and bad management.
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那么，在公海上捕鱼的都是些什么人呢？
05:11
Now, who fishes in the high seas?
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05:14
Until now, it was difficult
to know exactly,
to know exactly,
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到目前为止，我们很难给出确定的答案。
05:17
because countries have been very secretive
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因为许多国家的长距离捕鱼
05:19
about the long-distance fishing.
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都是隐秘地进行的。
05:22
But now, satellite technology
allows us to track individual boats.
allows us to track individual boats.
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但如今，我们可以通过卫星技术
来追踪单个船只，
来追踪单个船只，
05:28
This is a game-changer.
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这是一个很大的突破。
05:31
And this is the first time
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今天是我们是一次
05:32
we are presenting the data
that you are going to see.
that you are going to see.
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向大家展示这些数据。
05:37
I'm going to show you
the tracks of two boats
the tracks of two boats
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接下来，我会演示
我们所追踪的两艘船
我们所追踪的两艘船
05:39
over the course of a year,
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在一年之内的活动。
05:42
using a satellite automated
identification system.
identification system.
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这是通过卫星自动识别系统实现的。
05:46
This is a long-liner, fishing
around the southern coast of Africa.
around the southern coast of Africa.
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这是一艘延绳钓船，
它在非洲南岸沿岸实施捕钓。
它在非洲南岸沿岸实施捕钓。
05:51
After a few months fishing there,
the boat goes to Japan to resupply,
the boat goes to Japan to resupply,
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在那里捕捞几个月之后，
这艘船回到日本补充物资，
这艘船回到日本补充物资，
05:56
and shortly after, here it is,
fishing around Madagascar.
fishing around Madagascar.
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很快，他们又来到
马达加斯加附近捕鱼。
马达加斯加附近捕鱼。
06:00
This is a Russian trawler
fishing, probably, for cod,
fishing, probably, for cod,
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另外一艘是俄罗斯的拖网渔船，
可能是为了捕捞鳕鱼，
可能是为了捕捞鳕鱼，
它从俄罗斯的海域
06:05
in Russian waters,
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06:06
and then across the high seas
of the north Atlantic.
of the north Atlantic.
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进入北大西洋的公海。
06:10
Thanks to Global Fishing Watch,
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多亏了"全球渔业观测站"的存在，
我们得以追踪3600多艘船只。
06:13
we have been able to track
over 3,600 boats
over 3,600 boats
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它们从20多个不同国家的
海域进入公海捕鱼。
海域进入公海捕鱼。
06:17
from more than 20 countries,
fishing in the high seas.
fishing in the high seas.
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06:21
They use satellite positioning
and machine-learning technology
and machine-learning technology
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"全球渔业观测站"通过
卫星定位和机器学习技术
卫星定位和机器学习技术
来自动辨别那些船只
是在航行，还是在捕捞，
是在航行，还是在捕捞，
06:25
to automatically identify
if a boat is just sailing or fishing,
if a boat is just sailing or fishing,
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06:30
which are the white spots here.
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即图中这些白点。
06:32
So with an international
group of colleagues,
group of colleagues,
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有了这些国际同事的帮助，
我们决定开始调查
06:34
we decided to investigate
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是谁在公海捕鱼，
更重要的是，谁从中获利。
更重要的是，谁从中获利。
06:36
not only who fishes in the high seas,
but who benefits from it.
but who benefits from it.
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06:42
My colleague, Juan Mayorga,
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我的同事胡安 · 迈奥尔加
来自加州大学圣芭芭拉分校，
06:43
at the University of California,
Santa Barbara,
Santa Barbara,
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他研制出了描述
捕捞力量的详细示意图。
捕捞力量的详细示意图。
06:45
has produced detailed
maps of fishing effort,
maps of fishing effort,
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捕捞力量指在海洋中
任意区域中捕鱼时
任意区域中捕鱼时
06:48
which means how much time
and fuel is spent fishing
and fuel is spent fishing
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06:51
in every pixel in the ocean.
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所花费的时间和所使用的燃料。
对每一个国家，我们都有
一份这样的示意图。
一份这样的示意图。
06:53
We have a map for every country.
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06:56
China, Taiwan, Japan,
Korea and Spain alone
Korea and Spain alone
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其中单是中国，中国台湾，
日本，韩国和西班牙的捕鱼量
日本，韩国和西班牙的捕鱼量
就占了公海总捕鱼量的近80%。
07:00
account for almost 80 percent
of the fishing in the high seas.
of the fishing in the high seas.
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07:04
When we put all of the countries together,
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当我们将所有国家的数据
整合在一起时，
整合在一起时，
得到了如下结果：
07:07
this is what we get.
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07:09
Because we know the identity
of every boat in the database,
of every boat in the database,
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我们从数据库中可以
得知每一艘船的身份，
得知每一艘船的身份，
包括船的尺寸，载重量，发动机功率，
07:15
we know its size, its tonnage,
the power of its engines,
the power of its engines,
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以及船员的人数。
07:19
how many crew are on board.
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07:22
With this information, we can calculate
fuel costs, labor costs, etc.
fuel costs, labor costs, etc.
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有了这些信息，我们可以计算出
燃料成本，人工成本等数据。
燃料成本，人工成本等数据。
07:27
So for the first time,
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因此，这是我们第一次
07:29
we have been able to map
the costs of fishing in the high seas.
the costs of fishing in the high seas.
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有能力将公海的
捕鱼成本标注在地图上。
捕鱼成本标注在地图上。
07:34
The darker the red, the higher the costs.
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红色越深意味着成本越高。
07:37
Thanks to our colleagues
at the University of British Columbia,
at the University of British Columbia,
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多亏了我们在英属哥伦比亚
大学同事的帮助，
大学同事的帮助，
我们得知了每个国家的实际捕鱼数量，
07:40
we know how much every country
is actually fishing.
is actually fishing.
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07:44
And we know the price of the fish
as it comes off the vessel.
as it comes off the vessel.
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再加上鱼的贩卖价格是已知的，
07:48
Combined with the data on effort,
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将这些数据整合在一起，
07:50
we have been able to map
the revenue of fishing the high seas.
the revenue of fishing the high seas.
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我们就能够将公海渔业的
收入标注在地图上。
收入标注在地图上。
07:54
The darker the blue,
the higher the revenue.
the higher the revenue.
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蓝色越深意味着收入越高，
07:57
We have costs, and we have revenue.
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现在成本已知，收入也已知。
08:00
So for the first time,
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因此我们首次
08:02
we have been able to map the profitability
of fishing in the high seas.
of fishing in the high seas.
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能够将公海渔业的利益率标注在地图上。
08:08
Now I'm going to show you a map.
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现在我会向你们展示一幅地图，
08:10
Red colors mean we are losing money
by fishing in that part of the ocean.
by fishing in that part of the ocean.
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红色代表那片海域的渔业正在亏本，
08:16
Blue colors mean it's profitable.
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蓝色代表正在盈利。
08:19
Here it is.
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请看，
08:21
It seems mostly profitable.
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看上去大部分都是盈利的，
08:23
But there are two more factors
we have to take into account.
we have to take into account.
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然而我们还要考虑另外两个因素：
08:28
First, recent investigations reveal
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第一，最近的研究揭露了
被强迫的劳动力或者说苦役
08:32
the use of forced labor, or slave labor,
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08:35
in high seas fishing.
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在公海捕鱼中是很常见的。
08:37
Companies use it to cut costs,
to generate profits.
to generate profits.
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苦役被用来削减成本以创造收益。
08:42
And second, every year,
governments subsidize high seas fishing
governments subsidize high seas fishing
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第二，政府每年都会资助公海捕鱼业，
金额高达四十多亿美元。
08:47
with more than four billion dollars.
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08:51
Let's go back to the map of profits.
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让我们回过头来看盈利图。
08:53
If we assume fair wages,
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如果我们假定工资是合理的，
08:55
which means not slave labor,
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也就是说不雇佣苦役，
同时从计算中去除政府补贴，
08:57
and we remove the subsidies
from our calculation,
from our calculation,
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09:02
the map turns into this.
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这幅地图就变成了这样。
09:05
Fishing is truly profitable in only half
of the high seas fishing grounds.
of the high seas fishing grounds.
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公海渔业真正盈利的地方
仅占公海捕鱼范围的一半。
仅占公海捕鱼范围的一半。
09:12
In fact, on aggregate,
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事实上总体来看，
政府补贴比收益要多四倍。
09:15
subsidies are four times
larger than the profits.
larger than the profits.
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09:20
So we have five countries doing
most of the fishing in the high seas
most of the fishing in the high seas
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简单来讲，五个国家和行政区
从事着大部分的公海捕鱼，
从事着大部分的公海捕鱼，
09:24
and the economics are dependent
on huge government subsidies,
on huge government subsidies,
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而且在经济上依靠着政府的大额补贴。
09:27
and for some countries,
on human rights violations.
on human rights violations.
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有些国家还必须靠
侵犯人权来从事公海捕鱼。
侵犯人权来从事公海捕鱼。
09:32
What this economic analysis reveals,
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这项经济分析表明：
09:34
is that practically the entire high seas
fishing proposition is misguided.
fishing proposition is misguided.
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实际上整个公海渔业的
议题已经被误导了。
议题已经被误导了。
09:38
What sane government
would subsidize an industry
would subsidize an industry
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有哪个正常的政府会去补贴
一个发展停滞不前并且有
极大破坏性的产业呢？
极大破坏性的产业呢？
09:42
anchored in exploitation
and fundamentally destructive?
and fundamentally destructive?
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更何况这个产业还不赚钱。
09:46
And not so profitable, anyway.
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09:49
So, why don't we close
all of the high seas to fishing?
all of the high seas to fishing?
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那么，我们为什么不彻底
停止在公海上捕鱼呢？
停止在公海上捕鱼呢？
09:56
Let's create a giant high seas reserve,
two-thirds of the ocean.
two-thirds of the ocean.
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让我们建立个巨大的公海保护区，
占整个海洋面积的2/3。
占整个海洋面积的2/3。
10:03
A modeling study from --
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一个模型研究——
（掌声）
10:05
(Applause)
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我在加州大学圣芭芭拉分校的
同事的模型研究显示：
同事的模型研究显示：
10:09
A modeling study from colleagues
at UC Santa Barbara,
at UC Santa Barbara,
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10:12
suggests that such reserve
would help migratory species like tuna
would help migratory species like tuna
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这样的保护区将会帮助
那些像金枪鱼一样的移居动物
那些像金枪鱼一样的移居动物
10:15
recover in the high seas.
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在公海中重获生机。
10:17
And part of that increased abundance would
spill over into the countries' waters,
spill over into the countries' waters,
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公海中的部分物种
也会流入各国所属的海域，
也会流入各国所属的海域，
10:21
helping to replenish them.
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补充那里的生物种类。
10:23
That would also increase
the catch in these waters,
the catch in these waters,
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同时捕捞量也会增长，
10:26
and so would the profits,
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利润也会随之增长，
10:28
because the cost of fishing
would be lowered.
would be lowered.
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这是因为捕鱼成本降低了。
10:30
And the ecological benefits would be huge,
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而生态方面的效益则是巨大的，
10:34
because these species of large predators,
like tuna and sharks,
like tuna and sharks,
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因为像金枪鱼和鲨鱼
这样的大型捕食者
这样的大型捕食者
10:37
are key to the health
of the entire ecosystem.
of the entire ecosystem.
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是事关整个生态系统健康的关键。
10:41
Therefore, protecting the high seas
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因此通过保护公海，
我们将重获海洋的生态效益，
经济效益以及社会效益。
经济效益以及社会效益。
10:44
would have ecological, economic
and social benefits.
and social benefits.
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10:48
But the truth is that most
fishing companies
fishing companies
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但事实上，大部分捕捞公司
10:50
don't care about the environment.
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并不关心环境问题。
但如果停止在公海捕鱼，
他们会赚更多的钱，
他们会赚更多的钱，
10:52
But they would make more money
by not fishing in the high seas.
by not fishing in the high seas.
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而且即使这样做，也足够
满足日益增长人口的需求。
满足日益增长人口的需求。
10:56
And this would not affect our ability
to feed our growing population,
to feed our growing population,
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因为公海捕捞的鱼
仅占全球海洋捕捞的5%，
仅占全球海洋捕捞的5%，
11:01
because the high seas provide only
five percent of the global marine catch,
five percent of the global marine catch,
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11:08
because the high seas are not
as productive as near-shore waters.
as productive as near-shore waters.
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因为公海并不像近海水域那样多产。
11:12
And most of the catch of the high seas
is sold as upscale food items,
is sold as upscale food items,
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大部分公海捕捞的鱼
都被做成了高端食品贩卖，
都被做成了高端食品贩卖，
11:17
like tuna sashimi or shark fin soup.
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比如金枪鱼生鱼片或鱼翅汤。
11:21
The high seas catch does not contribute
to global food security.
to global food security.
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这说明公海捕捞并不能为
全球食品保障出一份力。
全球食品保障出一份力。
11:28
So how are we going to do it?
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那么我们该如何做呢？
我们要怎样保护公海呢？
11:29
How are we going to protect the high seas?
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此时此刻，联合国的谈判人员正在
11:32
As we speak, negotiators
at the United Nations
at the United Nations
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开始就达成新的协议进行磋商。
11:34
are beginning discussions
on a new agreement to do just that.
on a new agreement to do just that.
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但这一些不能暗中进行。
11:38
But this cannot happen
behind closed doors.
behind closed doors.
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11:42
This is our greatest opportunity.
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这是一个最为重要的机遇，
所有人都应当确保
11:44
And we all should ensure
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11:46
that our countries will support
the protection of the high seas
the protection of the high seas
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我们的国家会支持公海保护，
11:51
and get rid of subsidies
to industrial fishing.
to industrial fishing.
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并且停止对公海渔业的补贴。
11:55
In 2016, 24 countries
and the European Union
and the European Union
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2016年，24个国家和欧盟
就共同保护罗斯海达成了一致。
12:00
agreed to protect the Ross Sea,
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12:04
the wildest places in Antarctica,
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罗斯海是南极洲最广阔的一片海域，
12:06
full of wildlife like killer whales,
leopard seals, penguins.
leopard seals, penguins.
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那里有很多野生动物，
如虎鲸，海豹，企鹅。
如虎鲸，海豹，企鹅。
12:10
And this included fishing nations,
like China, Japan, Spain, Russia.
like China, Japan, Spain, Russia.
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这些国家中也包括了渔业国家，
比如中国，日本，西班牙，俄罗斯。
比如中国，日本，西班牙，俄罗斯。
12:16
But they decided that protecting
such a unique environment
such a unique environment
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他们认为保护这样一个稀有的环境，
12:21
would be worth more than exploiting it
for relatively little benefit.
for relatively little benefit.
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相比通过对其进行开发
来获取有限的利益是利大于弊的。
来获取有限的利益是利大于弊的。
这种形式的合作
12:25
And this is exactly
the type of cooperation
the type of cooperation
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以及将差异搁置一旁的意愿，
12:29
and willingness to set aside differences
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正是我们所需要的。
12:31
that we are going to need.
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我们可以再来一次。
12:32
We can do it again.
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12:35
If 20 years from now,
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如果在20年后，
12:37
our children were to jump
into any random spot in the ocean,
into any random spot in the ocean,
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我们的孩子随机跳入大海的某个地方，
12:43
what would they see?
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他们会看到什么？
12:45
A barren landscape,
like much of our seas today,
like much of our seas today,
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是像现在我们所见到一片荒芜，
12:50
or an abundance of life,
our legacy to the future?
our legacy to the future?
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还是我们留给他们的
一片生机勃勃的景象呢？
一片生机勃勃的景象呢？
谢谢大家。
12:53
Thank you very much.
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（掌声）
12:55
(Applause)
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谢谢。
12:58
Thank you.
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（掌声）
12:59
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Enric Sala - Marine ecologistDr. Enric Sala is a former university professor who saw himself writing the obituary of ocean life and quit academia to become a full-time conservationist as a National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence.
Why you should listen
Dr. Enric Sala founded and leads Pristine Seas, a project that combines exploration, research and media to inspire country leaders to protect the last wild places in the ocean. To date, Pristine Seas has helped to create 18 of the largest marine reserves on the planet, covering an area of more than five million square km (half the size of Canada).
Sala has received many honors, including 2008 World Economic Forum’s Young Global Leader, 2013 Explorers Club Lowell Thomas Award, 2013 Environmental Media Association Hero Award, 2016 Russian Geographical Society Award, and he's a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He serves on the boards of the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation, Global Fishing Watch and the National Aquarium, and he advises international organizations and governments.
Enric Sala | Speaker | TED.com