TEDGlobal 2013
Uri Alon: Why science demands a leap into the unknown
Uri Alon: Zašto istinski inovativna nauka zahteva skok u nepoznato
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Tokom doktorata na polju fizike, Uri Alon je verovao da je gubitnik zato što je svo njegovo istraživanje vodilo u ćorsokake. Ali, uz pomoć improvizacionog pozorišta, došao je do zaključka da bi mogao naći zadovoljstvo u osećanju izgubljenosti. Ovo je poziv naučnicima da prestanu da gledaju na istraživanje kao na pravolinijsku putanju od pitanja do odgovora, već kao na nešto mnogo kreativnije. Ovo je poruka koja će vas dotaknuti, bez obzira na polje kojim se bavite.
Uri Alon - Systems biologist
Uri Alon studies how cells work, using an array of tools (including improv theater) to understand the biological circuits that perform the functions of life. Full bio
Uri Alon studies how cells work, using an array of tools (including improv theater) to understand the biological circuits that perform the functions of life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
In the middle of my Ph.D.,
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Usred svog doktorata,
00:14
I was hopelessly stuck.
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potpuno sam zablokirao.
00:17
Every research direction that I tried
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Svaki pravac istraživanja
kojim bih se zaputio
kojim bih se zaputio
00:19
led to a dead end.
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vodio je u ćorsokak.
00:21
It seemed like my basic assumptions
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Kao da više nisam mogao
00:23
just stopped working.
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zdravorazumski da zaključujem.
00:25
I felt like a pilot flying through the mist,
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Osećao sam se kao pilot
koji leti kroz maglu
koji leti kroz maglu
00:28
and I lost all sense of direction.
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i potpuno sam izgubio smernice.
00:30
I stopped shaving.
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Prestao sam da se brijem.
00:32
I couldn't get out of bed in the morning.
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Nisam mogao da ustanem ujutru.
00:35
I felt unworthy
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Osećao sam da nisam dostojan
00:36
of stepping across the gates of the university,
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da prođem kroz kapije univerziteta,
00:39
because I wasn't like Einstein or Newton
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jer nisam bio kao Ajnštajn ili Njutn
00:42
or any other scientist whose results
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ili bilo koji drugi naučnik
o čijim rezultatima
o čijim rezultatima
00:44
I had learned about, because in science,
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sam učio, jer u nauci
00:45
we just learn about the results, not the process.
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učimo samo o rezultatima, ne o procesu.
00:49
And so obviously, I couldn't be a scientist.
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I naravno, nisam mogao biti naučnik.
00:53
But I had enough support
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Ali imao sam dosta podrške
00:55
and I made it through
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i izgurao sam
00:56
and discovered something new about nature.
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i otkrio nešto novo o prirodi.
00:59
This is an amazing feeling of calmness,
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U pitanju je neverovatan osećaj mira,
01:01
being the only person in the world
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jer ste jedina osoba na svetu
01:03
who knows a new law of nature.
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koja zna novi zakon prirode.
01:05
And I started the second project in my Ph.D,
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Započeo sam drugi projekat
za svoj doktorat
za svoj doktorat
01:08
and it happened again.
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i ponovo se desilo.
01:09
I got stuck and I made it through.
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Opet sam zablokirao i ipak izgurao.
01:12
And I started thinking,
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I počeo sam da razmišljam,
možda ovde postoji šablon.
01:13
maybe there's a pattern here.
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01:14
I asked the other graduate students, and they said,
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Pitao sam ostale studente
na doktoratu i rekli su:
na doktoratu i rekli su:
01:16
"Yeah, that's exactly what happened to us,
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"Da, baš nam se to desilo,
01:18
except nobody told us about it."
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samo što nam niko
nije ništa rekao o tome."
nije ništa rekao o tome."
01:20
We'd all studied science as if it's a series
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Svi smo se bavili naukom
kao da je ona
kao da je ona
01:22
of logical steps between question and answer,
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niz logičnih koraka
između pitanja i odgovora,
između pitanja i odgovora,
01:26
but doing research is nothing like that.
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ali istraživanje nema veze sa time.
01:29
At the same time, I was also studying
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U isto vreme sam učio
01:31
to be an improvisation theater actor.
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da budem glumac - improvizator.
01:33
So physics by day,
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Dakle, fizičar u toku dana,
01:35
and by night, laughing, jumping, singing,
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a noću, smeh, skakanje, pevanje,
01:37
playing my guitar.
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sviranje gitare.
01:38
Improvisation theater,
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Improvizacija,
01:39
just like science, goes into the unknown,
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kao nauka, zalazi u nepoznato,
01:42
because you have to make a scene onstage
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jer morate da nastupite na sceni,
01:44
without a director, without a script,
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bez reditelja, bez scenarija,
01:46
without having any idea what you'll portray
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bez ikakve ideje šta ćete prikazati,
01:48
or what the other characters will do.
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ili kakve će druge uloge biti.
01:50
But unlike science,
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Ali za razliku od nauke,
01:52
in improvisation theater, they tell you from day one
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kada učite improvizaciju,
kažu vam od prvog dana
kažu vam od prvog dana
01:55
what's going to happen to
you when you get onstage.
you when you get onstage.
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šta će vam se desiti na sceni.
01:57
You're going to fail miserably.
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Bićete bedno poraženi.
02:00
You're going to get stuck.
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Zablokiraćete.
02:01
And we would practice staying creative
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A vežbaćemo kako da ostanemo kreativni
02:03
inside that stuck place.
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unutar te blokade.
02:05
For example, we had an exercise
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Primera radi, tokom jedne vežbe
02:06
where we all stood in a circle,
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svi smo stajali u krugu
02:08
and each person had to do
the world's worst tap dance,
the world's worst tap dance,
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i svako je trebalo da odigra
najgore moguće stepovanje
najgore moguće stepovanje
02:11
and everybody else applauded
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i svi bi aplaudirali
02:12
and cheered you on,
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i navijali
02:13
supporting you onstage.
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podržavajući te na sceni.
Kada sam postao profesor
i kada je trebalo
i kada je trebalo
02:16
When I became a professor
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02:18
and had to guide my own students
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da usmeravam svoje studente
02:19
through their research projects,
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kroz njihove istraživačke projekte,
02:21
I realized again,
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opet sam shvatio
02:23
I don't know what to do.
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da ne znam šta da radim.
02:24
I'd studied thousands of hours of physics,
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Provodio sam hiljade sati učeći fiziku,
02:26
biology, chemistry,
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biologiju, hemiju,
02:28
but not one hour, not one concept
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ali ni jedan sat, ni jedna ideja
02:30
on how to mentor, how to guide someone
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o tome kako biti mentor,
kako usmeriti nekoga
kako usmeriti nekoga
02:33
to go together into the unknown,
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da zajedno pođete u nepoznato,
02:35
about motivation.
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o motivaciji.
02:37
So I turned to improvisation theater,
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Stoga sam se okrenuo
ka pozorištu improvizacije
ka pozorištu improvizacije
02:39
and I told my students from day one
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i rekao studentima prvoga dana
02:41
what's going to happen when you start research,
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šta ih očekuje kad započnu istraživanje,
02:44
and this has to do with our mental schema
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a to je vezano za našu predstavu
02:45
of what research will be like.
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o tome kako bi izgledalo istraživanje.
02:47
Because you see, whenever people do anything,
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Jer, vidite, svaki put
kada ljudi nešto rade,
kada ljudi nešto rade,
02:50
for example if I want to touch this blackboard,
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na primer, ako bih želeo
da dodirnem ovu tablu,
da dodirnem ovu tablu,
02:52
my brain first builds up a schema,
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moj mozak bi sagradio šablon,
02:54
a prediction of exactly what my muscles will do
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predviđanje o tome
šta će tačno mišići raditi
šta će tačno mišići raditi
02:56
before I even start moving my hand,
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čak pre nego što pomerim ruku,
02:58
and if I get blocked,
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a ako zablokiram,
03:00
if my schema doesn't match reality,
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ako se šablon ne poklapa sa realnošću
03:02
that causes extra stress called cognitive dissonance.
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nastaje dodatni stres,
kognitivna disonanca.
kognitivna disonanca.
03:04
That's why your schemas had better match reality.
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Zato bi vaši šabloni trebalo
da se poklapaju sa realnošću.
da se poklapaju sa realnošću.
03:07
But if you believe the way science is taught,
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Ali ako verujete u način na koji
se nauka predaje i ako verujete
se nauka predaje i ako verujete
03:10
and if you believe textbooks, you're liable
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u knjige, od vas se očekuje
03:12
to have the following schema of research.
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da pratite izvesan pravac
pri istraživanju.
pri istraživanju.
03:18
If A is the question,
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Ako je A pitanje,
03:22
and B is the answer,
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B je odgovor,
03:25
then research is a direct path.
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onda je istraživanje direktna putanja.
03:30
The problem is that if an experiment doesn't work,
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Problem nastaje kada eksperiment ne uspe,
03:33
or a student gets depressed,
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ili student upadne u depresiju,
to se onda prihvata
kao nešto sasvim pogrešno,
kao nešto sasvim pogrešno,
03:36
it's perceived as something utterly wrong
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03:38
and causes tremendous stress.
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i izaziva ogroman stres.
03:42
And that's why I teach my students
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Izbog toga učim svoje studente
03:43
a more realistic schema.
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nešto realističnijem pristupu.
03:50
Here's an example
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Evo primera
03:52
where things don't match your schema.
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kada se stvari ne poklapaju
sa vašim šablonom.
sa vašim šablonom.
03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:01
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
04:13
So I teach my students a different schema.
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Tako da učim svoje studente
drugačijem pristupu.
drugačijem pristupu.
04:17
If A is the question,
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Ako je A pitanje,
04:19
B is the answer,
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B je odgovor,
04:25
stay creative in the cloud,
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ostanite kreativni u oblaku
04:26
and you start going,
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i započnete,
04:28
and experiments don't work, experiments don't work,
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I eksperiment ne uspeva, ne uspeva,
04:31
experiments don't work, experiments don't work,
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eksperiment ne uspeva, ne uspeva
04:33
until you reach a place linked
with negative emotions
with negative emotions
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dok ne dođete do tačke
povezane sa negativnim emocijama
povezane sa negativnim emocijama
04:36
where it seems like your basic assumptions
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kada se čini da vaše osnovne pretpostavke
04:38
have stopped making sense,
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više nemaju smisla,
04:39
like somebody yanked the carpet beneath your feet.
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kao da vam je neko izbio tlo pod nogama.
04:42
And I call this place the cloud.
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I to mesto ja nazivam oblakom.
04:59
Now you can be lost in the cloud
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Možete biti izgubljeni u oblaku
05:02
for a day, a week, a month, a year,
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na dan, nedelju, mesec, godinu,
05:04
a whole career,
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čitave karijere,
05:06
but sometimes, if you're lucky enough
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ali ponekad, ako ste dovoljno srećne ruke
05:08
and you have enough support,
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i ako imate dovoljno podrške,
05:10
you can see in the materials at hand,
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u ponuđenim stvarima
05:12
or perhaps meditating on the shape of the cloud,
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ili možda meditirajući
o obliku tog oblaka,
o obliku tog oblaka,
05:15
a new answer,
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možete videti novi odgovor,
05:19
C, and you decide to go for it.
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C, i odlučite da pođete tim putem.
05:22
And experiments don't work, experiments don't work,
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I opet eksperiment ne uspeva,
eksperiment ne uspeva
eksperiment ne uspeva
05:25
but you get there,
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ali uspete,
05:26
and then you tell everyone about it
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i kažete svima o tome,
05:28
by publishing a paper that reads A arrow C,
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objavivši članak koji govori A - C,
05:31
which is a great way to communicate,
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što je odličan način komunikacije,
05:33
but as long as you don't forget the path
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dokle god ne zaboravite putanju
05:35
that brought you there.
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koja vas je dovela dotle.
05:37
Now this cloud is an inherent part
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Oblak je sastavni deo
05:39
of research, an inherent part of our craft,
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istraživanja, sastavni deo našeg zanata,
05:42
because the cloud stands guard at the boundary.
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jer se oblak nalazi na granici.
05:49
It stands guard at the boundary
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Nalazi se na granici
05:51
between the known
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između poznatog
05:57
and the unknown,
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i nepoznatog,
06:05
because in order to discover something truly new,
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jer da biste otkrili nešto sasvim novo,
06:07
at least one of your basic
assumptions has to change,
assumptions has to change,
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barem jedna od vaših osnovnih
pretpostavki mora da se promeni,
pretpostavki mora da se promeni,
06:10
and that means that in science,
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a to znači da u nauci
06:12
we do something quite heroic.
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mi činimo nešto sasvim herojski.
06:14
Every day, we try to bring ourselves
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Svakoga dana, pokušavamo da dopremo
06:15
to the boundary between
the known and the unknown
the known and the unknown
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do granice između poznatog i nepoznatog
06:17
and face the cloud.
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i suočimo se sa oblakom.
06:19
Now notice that I put B
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Primetićete da sam stavio B
u oblast poznatog,
06:21
in the land of the known,
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06:22
because we knew about it in the beginning,
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jer znamo za B od samog početka,
06:23
but C is always more interesting
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dok je C daleko interesantnije
06:27
and more important than B.
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i mnogo bitnije od B.
06:30
So B is essential in order to get going,
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Dakle, B je neophodno da bi se započelo,
06:32
but C is much more profound,
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dok je C daleko prefinjenije,
06:34
and that's the amazing thing about resesarch.
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i to je fantastični aspekt istraživanja.
06:38
Now just knowing that word, the cloud,
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Samo saznanje o toj reči, oblak,
06:40
has been transformational in my research group,
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je bilo transformišuće
za moju istraživačku grupu
za moju istraživačku grupu
06:43
because students come to me and say,
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jer bi mi studenti prišli sa rečima:
06:45
"Uri, I'm in the cloud,"
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"Uri, u oblaku sam,"
06:46
and I say, "Great, you must be feeling miserable."
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i ja bih rekao, "Odlično,
mora da se osećaš bedno."
mora da se osećaš bedno."
06:50
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:52
But I'm kind of happy,
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Ali nekako sam zadovoljan,
06:54
because we might be close to the boundary
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jer smo možda bliži granici
06:55
between the known and the unknown,
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između poznatog i nepoznatog,
06:57
and we stand a chance of discovering
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i imamo šansu da otkrijemo
06:59
something truly new,
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nešto potpuno novo,
07:01
since the way our mind works,
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jer, zbog načina na koji
07:02
it's just knowing that the cloud
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naš um funkcioniše,
samo saznanje da je oblak
samo saznanje da je oblak
07:05
is normal, it's essential,
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normalan, čak neophodan,
07:10
and in fact beautiful,
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i zapravo veoma lep,
07:11
we can join the Cloud Appreciation Society,
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možemo se priključiti
Udruženju onih koji cene oblak,
Udruženju onih koji cene oblak,
07:14
and it detoxifies the feeling that something
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i na taj način uklonimo osećaj da nešto
07:16
is deeply wrong with me.
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nije u redu sa nama.
07:19
And as a mentor, I know what to do,
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I ja, kao mentor, znam šta da radim,
07:21
which is to step up my support for the student,
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a to je da više podržavam svoje studente
07:24
because research in psychology shows
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jer istraživanje u psihologiji pokazuje
07:25
that if you're feeling fear and despair,
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da ako se plašite ili očajavate,
07:29
your mind narrows down
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vaš um se sužava
07:30
to very safe and conservative ways of thinking.
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na uljuljkan i konzervativan
način razmišljanja.
način razmišljanja.
Ako želite da istražite rizične putanje
07:32
If you'd like to explore the risky paths
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koje su neophodne
za izlazak iz oblaka,
za izlazak iz oblaka,
07:34
needed to get out of the cloud,
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07:35
you need other emotions --
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potrebna su vam drugačija osećanja -
07:37
solidarity, support, hope —
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solidarnost, podrška, nada -
koji dolaze iz odnosa
sa nekim drugim,
sa nekim drugim,
07:39
that come with your connection from somebody else,
176
447853
1737
07:41
so like in improvisation theater,
177
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1550
stoga kao i
u improvizacionom pozorištu,
u improvizacionom pozorištu,
07:43
in science, it's best to walk into the unknown
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2301
u nauci, najbolje je ići ka nepoznatom
07:45
together.
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1969
zajedno.
07:47
So knowing about the cloud,
180
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2442
Dakle, znajući o oblaku,
07:49
you also learn from improvisation theater
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3324
iz improvacionog pozorišta može se naučiti
07:53
a very effective way to have conversations
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2602
veoma dobar način za komunikaciju
07:55
inside the cloud.
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1760
unutar oblaka.
07:57
It's based on the central principle
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465538
1977
Zasnovan je na centralnom principu
07:59
of improvisation theater,
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1767
improvizacionog pozorišta,
08:01
so here improvisation theater
186
469282
1093
koje mi je opet
08:02
came to my help again.
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1296
pomoglo s ovim.
08:03
It's called saying "Yes, and"
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2291
Treba reći: "Da, i"
08:05
to the offers made by other actors.
189
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3465
ponudama koje dolaze
od strane drugih glumaca.
od strane drugih glumaca.
08:16
That means accepting the offers
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2894
To znači prihvatiti ponude
08:19
and building on them, saying, "Yes, and."
191
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2511
i nadgraditi ih rekavši "Da, i".
Na primer, ako jedan glumac kaže:
08:21
For example, if one actor says,
192
489702
1239
08:22
"Here is a pool of water,"
193
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1155
"Ovde se nalazi bazen",
08:24
and the other actor says,
194
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1045
a drugi glumac kaže:
08:25
"No, that's just a stage,"
195
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1869
"Ne, to je samo pozornica",
08:27
the improvisation is over.
196
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1738
improvizacija se završava.
08:28
It's dead, and everybody feels frustrated.
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3772
Improvizacija je gotova
i svi se osećaju isfrustrirano.
i svi se osećaju isfrustrirano.
08:32
That's called blocking.
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1348
To se zove blokiranje.
08:33
If you're not mindful of communications,
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1607
Ako niste obazrivi u komunikaciji,
08:35
scientific conversations can have a lot of blocking.
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2937
naučni razgovori
mogu biti puni blokiranja.
mogu biti puni blokiranja.
08:38
Saying "Yes, and" sounds like this.
201
506412
2236
Reći "Da, i" bi zvučalo ovako.
08:40
"Here is a pool of water."
"Yeah, let's jump in."
"Yeah, let's jump in."
202
508648
2508
"Evo bazena."
"Da, hajde da uskočimo."
"Da, hajde da uskočimo."
08:43
"Look, there's a whale! Let's grab it by its tail.
203
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3009
"Vidi, kit! Hajde da ga uhvatimo za rep.
08:46
It's pulling us to the moon!"
204
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2101
Odvući će nas na mesec!"
08:48
So saying "Yes, and" bypasses our inner critic.
205
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3020
Dakle rekavši "Da, i" prevazilazimo
unutarnjeg kritičara.
unutarnjeg kritičara.
08:51
We all have an inner critic
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519286
1694
Svi imamo unutarnjeg kritičara
koji kao da pazi na
sve što govorimo,
sve što govorimo,
08:52
that kind of guards what we say,
207
520980
1241
08:54
so people don't think that we're obscene
208
522221
1923
da ljudi ne misle da smo nepristojni
08:56
or crazy or unoriginal,
209
524144
1115
ili ludi ili neoriginalni,
08:57
and science is full of the fear
210
525259
1260
a nauka je puna straha
08:58
of appearing unoriginal.
211
526519
1557
od neoriginalnosti.
09:00
Saying "Yes, and" bypasses the critic
212
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2167
Rekavši "Da, i" prevazilazimo kritičara
09:02
and unlocks hidden voices of creativity
213
530243
2612
i otvaramo skrivena vrata kreativnosti
09:04
you didn't even know that you had,
214
532855
1525
za koja nismo ni znali da su u nama,
09:06
and they often carry the answer
215
534380
2030
i koja često nose odgovor
09:08
about the cloud.
216
536410
2405
o oblaku.
09:10
So you see, knowing about the cloud
217
538815
2601
Vidite, znajući za oblak
09:13
and about saying "Yes, and"
218
541416
1404
i rekavši "Da, i"
09:14
made my lab very creative.
219
542820
2859
učinilo je moju laboratoriju
veoma kreativnom.
veoma kreativnom.
09:17
Students started playing off of each others' ideas,
220
545679
2528
Studenti su počeli da testiraju
ideje jedni drugih
ideje jedni drugih
09:20
and we made surprising discoveries
221
548207
2114
i došli smo do iznenađujućih otkrića
09:22
in the interface between physics and biology.
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2869
u interakciji fizike i biologije.
09:25
For example, we were stuck for a year
223
553190
2950
Na primer, zaglavili smo se
godinu dana pokušavajući
godinu dana pokušavajući
09:28
trying to understand the intricate
224
556140
1149
da razumemo složenost
09:29
biochemical networks inside our cells,
225
557289
2693
biohemijskih veza unutar ćelija
09:31
and we said, "We are deeply in the cloud,"
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559982
2457
i rekli smo: "Duboko smo u oblaku,"
09:34
and we had a playful conversation
227
562439
1980
i pričali smo kroz šalu
09:36
where my student Shai Shen Orr said,
228
564419
1788
kada je moj student Šaj Šen Or rekao:
09:38
"Let's just draw this on a
piece of paper, this network,"
piece of paper, this network,"
229
566207
2843
"Hajde da to sve nacrtamo, te veze,"
09:41
and instead of saying,
230
569050
1453
i umesto da kažemo:
09:42
"But we've done that so many times
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570503
2151
"Ali ovo smo već toliko puta uradili
09:44
and it doesn't work,"
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1034
i nije upalilo,"
09:45
I said, "Yes, and
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573688
2943
rekao sam "Hajde, i
09:48
let's use a very big piece of paper,"
234
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2041
hajde da to radimo na ogromnom papiru,"
09:50
and then Ron Milo said,
235
578672
1092
i onda je Ron Milo rekao:
09:51
"Let's use a gigantic architect's
236
579764
2220
"Hajde da koristimo ogroman papir
za arhitektonski dizajn,
znam gde se to štampa,"
znam gde se to štampa,"
09:53
blueprint kind of paper, and I know where to print it,"
237
581984
1796
09:55
and we printed out the network and looked at it,
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2500
odštampali smo veze, pogledali ih,
09:58
and that's where we made
our most important discovery,
our most important discovery,
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586280
2509
i tada smo došli do našeg
najbitnijeg otkrića,
najbitnijeg otkrića,
da je ovaj komplikovani sistem
zapravo sastavljen
zapravo sastavljen
10:00
that this complicated network is just made
240
588789
2201
10:02
of a handful of simple, repeating interaction patterns
241
590990
3463
od šačice jednostavnih, interaktivnih
šablona koji se ponavljaju,
šablona koji se ponavljaju,
10:06
like motifs in a stained glass window.
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3163
kao motivi na vitražu.
10:09
We call them network motifs,
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2048
Zovemo ih motivima mreže,
10:11
and they're the elementary circuits
244
599664
2152
i to su osnovna kola
10:13
that help us understand
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601816
1385
koja nam pomažu da razumemo
10:15
the logic of the way cells make decisions
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603201
2700
način na koji ćelije donose odluke
10:17
in all organisms, including our body.
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2849
u svim organizmima, uključujući naše telo.
10:20
Soon enough, after this,
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1925
Nedugo potom,
10:22
I started being invited to give talks
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1620
pozvan sam da držim govore
10:24
to thousands of scientists across the world,
250
612295
3011
hiljadama naučnika širom sveta,
10:27
but the knowledge about the cloud
251
615306
1833
ali znanje o oblaku
i navika da se kaže "Da, i"
10:29
and saying "Yes, and"
252
617139
1132
10:30
just stayed within my own lab,
253
618271
1839
ostali su samo u mojoj laboratoriji,
10:32
because you see, in science,
we don't talk about the process,
we don't talk about the process,
254
620110
2131
jer vidite, u nauci ne pričamo o procesu,
10:34
anything subjective or emotional.
255
622241
2433
nečemu subjektivnom ili emotivnom.
10:36
We talk about the results.
256
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1863
Pričamo o rezultatima.
10:38
So there was no way to talk about it in conferences.
257
626537
2069
Tako da se o tome ne može
pričati na konferencijama.
pričati na konferencijama.
10:40
That was unthinkable.
258
628606
1924
Bilo je nezamislivo.
10:42
And I saw scientists in other groups get stuck
259
630530
2076
I viđao sam kako se naučnici
u drugim grupama
u drugim grupama
10:44
without even having a word to describe
260
632606
1774
zaglavljuju se bez i reči opisa
10:46
what they're seeing,
261
634380
1321
o tome šta vide,
10:47
and their ways of thinking
262
635701
1355
i na koji način razmišljaju,
10:49
narrowed down to very safe paths,
263
637056
1528
svedeni su na sigurne staze
10:50
their science didn't reach its full potential,
264
638584
1660
i njihova nauka nije ostvarila
pun potencijal
pun potencijal
10:52
and they were miserable.
265
640244
1753
i bili su veoma nezadovoljni.
10:53
I thought, that's the way it is.
266
641997
1939
I pomislio sam, tako to ide.
Pokušaću da učinim svoju laboratoriju
što kreativnijom
što kreativnijom
10:55
I'll try to make my lab as creative as possible,
267
643936
2021
10:57
and if everybody else does the same,
268
645957
1680
i ako svi budu to isto radili,
10:59
science will eventually become
269
647637
2190
nauka će vremenom postati
11:01
more and more better and better.
270
649827
2214
sve bolja i bolja.
11:04
That way of thinking got turned on its head
271
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2920
Taj način razmišljanja se okončao
11:06
when by chance I went to hear Evelyn Fox Keller
272
654961
2339
kada sam slučajno otišao
da čujem Evelin Foks Keler
da čujem Evelin Foks Keler
11:09
give a talk about her experiences
273
657300
1358
kako govori o svom iskustvu
11:10
as a woman in science.
274
658658
1691
žene u svetu nauke.
11:12
And she asked,
275
660349
1823
Pitala je:
11:14
"Why is it that we don't talk about the subjective
276
662172
1948
"Zašto ne pročamo o subjektivnim
11:16
and emotional aspects of doing science?
277
664120
2186
i emotivnim aspektima bavljenja naukom?
11:18
It's not by chance. It's a matter of values."
278
666306
3992
To nije slučajno. Stvar je u vrednostima."
11:22
You see, science seeks knowledge
279
670298
2178
Vidite, nauka teži ka znanju
11:24
that's objective and rational.
280
672476
1795
koje je objektivno i racionalno.
11:26
That's the beautiful thing about science.
281
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2198
To je predivna stvar u nauci.
11:28
But we also have a cultural myth
282
676469
1956
Ali sa druge strane
imamo kulturološki mit
imamo kulturološki mit
11:30
that the doing of science,
283
678425
1254
da je bavljenje naukom,
11:31
what we do every day to get that knowledge,
284
679679
2300
ono što radimo na dnevnoj bazi
da dođemo do tog znanja,
da dođemo do tog znanja,
11:33
is also only objective and rational,
285
681979
2440
takođe objektivno i racionalno,
11:36
like Mr. Spock.
286
684419
2432
kao gospodin Spok.
11:38
And when you label something
287
686851
1414
A kada obeležite nešto
11:40
as objective and rational,
288
688265
1813
kao objektivno i racionalno,
11:42
automatically, the other side,
289
690078
1642
automatski, sa druge strane,
11:43
the subjective and emotional,
290
691720
1457
subjektivno i emotivno
11:45
become labeled as non-science
291
693177
2102
postaje obeleženo kao nenaučno
11:47
or anti-science or threatening to science,
292
695279
1971
ili kao pretnja nauci,
11:49
and we just don't talk about it.
293
697250
1811
i o tome se prosto ne priča.
11:51
And when I heard that,
294
699061
1954
I kada sam to čuo,
11:53
that science has a culture,
295
701015
2167
da nauku prati kultura,
11:55
everything clicked into place for me,
296
703182
1547
sve je došlo na svoje mesto,
11:56
because if science has a culture,
297
704729
1664
jer ako nauku prati kultura,
11:58
culture can be changed,
298
706393
1256
kultura može biti promenjena,
11:59
and I can be a change agent
299
707649
1593
i ja mogu biti agent promene
12:01
working to change the culture
of science wherever I could.
of science wherever I could.
300
709242
2712
radeći na tome da promenim kulturu
nauke na koji god mogu način.
nauke na koji god mogu način.
12:03
And so the very next lecture I gave in a conference,
301
711954
3069
I na prvom sledećem predavanju
pričao sam o svom pogledu na nauku,
12:07
I talked about my science,
302
715023
1612
12:08
and then I talked about the importance
303
716635
1512
a onda o važnosti
12:10
of the subjective and emotional
aspects of doing science
aspects of doing science
304
718147
2182
subjektivnih i emotivnih aspekta nauke
i kako bi trebalo pričati o tome,
12:12
and how we should talk about them,
305
720329
1120
12:13
and I looked at the audience,
306
721449
1234
i pogledao sam publiku,
12:14
and they were cold.
307
722683
2360
i bili su hladni.
12:17
They couldn't hear what I was saying
308
725043
3291
Nisu mogli da čuju šta govorim
12:20
in the context of a 10 back-to-back
309
728334
1251
u kontekstu 10 uzastopnih
12:21
PowerPoint presentation conference.
310
729585
1839
PowerPoint prezentacija.
I nastavio sam da pokušavam,
konferenciju za konferencijom,
konferenciju za konferencijom,
12:23
And I tried again and again,
conference after conference,
conference after conference,
311
731424
2482
12:25
but I wasn't getting through.
312
733906
2373
ali nisam dopirao do njih.
12:28
I was in the cloud.
313
736279
2906
Bio sam u oblaku.
12:31
And eventually I managed to get out the cloud
314
739185
3514
Na kraju sam uspeo da izađem iz oblaka
12:34
using improvisation and music.
315
742699
2811
koristeći improvizaciju i muziku.
12:37
Since then, every conference I go to,
316
745510
2739
Od tada, na svakom predavanju,
12:40
I give a science talk and a second, special talk
317
748249
2862
održim naučno predavanje i još jedno,
specijalno predavanje
specijalno predavanje
12:43
called "Love and fear in the lab,"
318
751111
1993
sa imenom "Ljubav i strah u laboratoriji"
12:45
and I start it off by doing a song
319
753104
2217
i počinjem sa pesmom
12:47
about scientists' greatest fear,
320
755321
2572
o najvećem strahu naučnika,
12:49
which is that we work hard,
321
757893
2912
a to je da vredno radimo,
12:52
we discover something new,
322
760805
2342
otkrijemo nešto novo
12:55
and somebody else publishes it before we do.
323
763147
3357
a neko drugi to objavi pre nas.
12:58
We call it being scooped,
324
766504
2616
To zovemo krađom,
13:01
and being scooped feels horrible.
325
769120
3214
a krađa je užasna.
13:04
It makes us afraid to talk to each other,
326
772334
2213
Čini da se plašimo da pričamo
jedan sa drugim
jedan sa drugim
13:06
which is no fun,
327
774547
833
što je bezveze,
13:07
because we came to science to share our ideas
328
775380
2760
jer smo počeli da se bavimo naukom
da bismo delili ideje
da bismo delili ideje
13:10
and to learn from each other,
329
778140
1311
i da bismo učili jedni od drugih,
13:11
and so I do a blues song,
330
779451
3489
i onda otpevam bluz pesmu,
13:17
which — (Applause) —
331
785040
5504
koja - (Aplauz) -
13:22
called "Scooped Again,"
332
790544
3223
se zove "Ponovo pokraden,"
13:25
and I ask the audience to be my backup singers,
333
793767
2658
i tražim od publike da mi budu
pomoćni vokali,
pomoćni vokali,
13:28
and I tell them, "Your text is 'Scoop, Scoop.'"
334
796425
3980
i kažem im, "Vaš tekst je "Krađa, krađa."
13:32
It sounds like this: "Scoop, scoop!"
335
800405
2645
Zvuči ovako : "Krađa, krađa"
13:35
Sounds like this.
336
803050
963
Ide ovako.
13:36
♪ I've been scooped again ♪
337
804013
2219
♪ Ponovo sam pokraden ♪
13:38
♪ Scoop! Scoop! ♪
338
806232
1743
♪ Krađa, krađa! ♪
13:39
And then we go for it.
339
807975
1278
I onda krenemo.
13:41
♪ I've been scooped again ♪
340
809253
2045
♪ Ponovo sam pokraden ♪
13:43
♪ Scoop! Scoop! ♪
341
811298
1286
♪ Krađa, krađa! ♪
13:44
♪ I've been scooped again ♪
342
812584
1895
♪Ponovo sam pokraden♪
13:46
♪ Scoop! Scoop! ♪
343
814479
1306
♪ Krađa, krađa! ♪
13:47
♪ I've been scooped again ♪
344
815785
1783
♪ Ponovo sam pokraden ♪
13:49
♪ Scoop! Scoop! ♪
345
817568
1639
♪ Krađa, krađa! ♪
13:51
♪ I've been scooped again ♪
346
819207
1668
♪ Ponovo sam pokraden ♪
13:52
♪ Scoop! Scoop! ♪
347
820875
1762
♪ Krađa, krađa! ♪
13:54
♪ Oh mama, can't you feel my pain ♪
348
822637
3275
♪ O mama, zar ne osećaš moj bol ♪
13:57
♪ Heavens help me, I've been scooped again ♪
349
825912
3786
♪ Nebesa, pomozite,
ponovo sam pokraden ♪
ponovo sam pokraden ♪
14:02
(Applause)
350
830925
6391
(Aplauz)
14:09
Thank you.
351
837735
1230
Hvala.
14:10
Thank you for your backup singing.
352
838965
1499
Hvala na pomoćnim vokalima.
14:12
So everybody starts laughing, starts breathing,
353
840464
2084
I svi se smeju, počnu da dišu,
14:14
notices that there's other scientists around them
354
842548
2012
primećuju druge naučnike oko njih
14:16
with shared issues,
355
844560
1307
sa istim problemima,
14:17
and we start talking about the emotional
356
845867
1805
i počnemo da pričamo o emotivnim
i subjektivnim stvarima u istraživanju.
14:19
and subjective things that go on in research.
357
847672
1850
14:21
It feels like a huge taboo has been lifted.
358
849522
2184
I čini se kao da je ogroman tabu nestao.
14:23
Finally, we can talk about
this in a scientific conference.
this in a scientific conference.
359
851706
2799
Napokon, možemo pričati
o tome na naučnoj konferenciji.
o tome na naučnoj konferenciji.
14:26
And scientists have gone on to form peer groups
360
854505
2186
I naučnici su počeli da formiraju grupe
14:28
where they meet regularly
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koje se redovno sreću i daju prostora
14:30
and create a space to talk about the emotional
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da se priča o emotivnim i subjektivnim
14:31
and subjective things that
happen as they're mentoring,
happen as they're mentoring,
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stvarima koje se dešavaju mentorima
14:34
as they're going into the unknown,
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dok idu u nepoznato
14:35
and even started courses
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i čak su započeli kurseve
14:37
about the process of doing science,
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o procesu bavljenja naukom,
14:38
about going into the unknown together,
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o zajedničkom odlasku u nepoznato,
14:40
and many other things.
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i mnogim drugim stvarima.
14:42
So my vision is that,
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Stoga je moja vizija da,
14:43
just like every scientist knows the word "atom,"
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kao što svaki naučnik zna za reč "atom,"
14:46
that matter is made out of atoms,
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da je materija sastavljena od atoma,
14:48
every scientist would know the words
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svaki naučnik na svetu zna
14:50
like "the cloud," saying "Yes, and,"
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reči "oblak" i "Da, i"
14:52
and science will become much more creative,
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i nauka će postati mnogo kreativnija,
14:55
make many, many more unexpected discoveries
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doći će se do mnogo neočekivanih otkrića
14:58
for the benefit of us all,
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u korist svih nas,
15:01
and would also be much more playful.
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i bila bi mnogo zabavnija.
15:03
And what I might ask you to remember from this talk
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I ono što bih zatražio da zapamtite
iz ovog predavanja
iz ovog predavanja
15:06
is that next time you face
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je da kada se sledeći put sretnete
15:08
a problem you can't solve
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sa nerešivim problemom
15:10
in work or in life,
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na poslu ili u životu,
15:13
there's a word for what you're going to see:
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postoji reč za to što vidite.
15:15
the cloud.
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Oblak.
15:16
And you can go through the cloud
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I možete proći kroz taj oblak
15:17
not alone but together
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ne sami, već zajedno
15:19
with someone who is your source of support
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sa nekim ko vas podržava
15:21
to say "Yes, and" to your ideas,
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rekavši "Da, i" vašim idejama,
15:23
to help you say "Yes, and" to your own ideas,
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da vam pomogne da kažete
"Da, i" sopstvenim idejama
"Da, i" sopstvenim idejama
15:25
to increase the chance that,
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i poveća šansu da
15:27
through the wisps of the cloud,
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kroz pramenove oblaka
15:29
you'll find that moment of calmness
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nađete momenat mira
15:30
where you get your first glimpse
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u kome po prvi put nazrete
15:32
of your unexpected discovery,
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vaše neočekivano otkriće,
15:35
your C.
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vaše C.
15:38
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
15:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Uri Alon - Systems biologistUri Alon studies how cells work, using an array of tools (including improv theater) to understand the biological circuits that perform the functions of life.
Why you should listen
First trained as a physicist, Uri Alon found a passion for biological systems. At the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, he and his lab investigate the protein circuits within a cell (they focus on E. coli), looking for basic interaction patterns that recur throughout biological networks. It's a field full of cross-disciplinary thinking habits and interesting problems. And in fact, Alon is the author of a classic paper on lab behavior called "How to Choose a Good Scientific Problem," which takes a step back from the rush to get grants and publish papers to ask: How can a good lab foster growth and self-motivated research?
In Alon's lab, students use tools from physics, neurobiology and computer science -- and concepts from improv theatre -- to study basic principles of interactions. Using a theater practice called the "mirror game," they showed that two people can create complex novel motion together without a designated leader or follower. He also works on an addicting site called BioNumbers -- all the measurements you need to know about biology. The characteristic heart rate of a pond mussel? Why it's 4-6 beats per minute.
More profile about the speakerIn Alon's lab, students use tools from physics, neurobiology and computer science -- and concepts from improv theatre -- to study basic principles of interactions. Using a theater practice called the "mirror game," they showed that two people can create complex novel motion together without a designated leader or follower. He also works on an addicting site called BioNumbers -- all the measurements you need to know about biology. The characteristic heart rate of a pond mussel? Why it's 4-6 beats per minute.
Uri Alon | Speaker | TED.com