TED2015
Dame Ellen MacArthur: The surprising thing I learned sailing solo around the world
Dama Elen Makartur (Dame Ellen MacArthur): Iznenađujuća stvar koju sam naučila jedreći oko sveta sama
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Šta je to što naučite kada sami jedrite oko sveta? Kada je solo jedriličarka Elen Makartur obišla planetu - noseći sa sobom sve što joj je potrebno - vratila se sa novom spoznajom o funkcionisanju sveta, kao mesto isprepletenih ciklusa i ograničenih resursa, kada odluke koje donosimo danas utiču na ono ostavljeno za sutra. Ona zagovara odvažan novi način gledanja na svetske ekonomske sisteme: ne kao linearane, već kao kružne, u kojima se se vraća.
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocate
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate. Full bio
After setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When you're a child,
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Kada ste dete,
00:14
anything and everything is possible.
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sve je moguće.
00:18
The challenge, so often,
is hanging on to that as we grow up.
is hanging on to that as we grow up.
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Izazov je često,
držati se toga i kada odrastemo.
držati se toga i kada odrastemo.
00:22
And as a four-year-old,
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Kao četvorogodišnjakinja
00:24
I had the opportunity
to sail for the first time.
to sail for the first time.
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imala sam priliku
da jedrim po prvi put.
da jedrim po prvi put.
00:27
I will never forget
the excitement as we closed the coast.
the excitement as we closed the coast.
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Nikada neću zaboraviti
uzbuđenje dok smo prilazili obali.
uzbuđenje dok smo prilazili obali.
00:31
I will never forget
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Nikada neću zaboraviti
00:33
the feeling of adventure
as I climbed on board the boat
as I climbed on board the boat
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osećaj avanture
dok sam se ukrcavala na jedrilicu
dok sam se ukrcavala na jedrilicu
00:36
and stared into her tiny cabin
for the first time.
for the first time.
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i gledala u njenu malu kabinu
po prvi put.
po prvi put.
00:40
But the most amazing feeling
was the feeling of freedom,
was the feeling of freedom,
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Ali najbolji osećaj
bio je osećaj slobode,
bio je osećaj slobode,
00:43
the feeling that I felt
when we hoisted her sails.
when we hoisted her sails.
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ono što sam osetila
kada smo podigli njena jedra.
kada smo podigli njena jedra.
00:47
As a four-year-old child,
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Kao četvorogodišnje dete,
00:49
it was the greatest sense of freedom
that I could ever imagine.
that I could ever imagine.
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bio je to najveći osećaj slobode
koji sam ikada mogla da zamislim.
koji sam ikada mogla da zamislim.
00:53
I made my mind up there and then
that one day, somehow,
that one day, somehow,
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Donela sam odluku tamo i tada,
da ću jednog dana, nekako
da ću jednog dana, nekako
00:56
I was going to sail around the world.
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i ja jedriti oko sveta.
01:00
So I did what I could in my life
to get closer to that dream.
to get closer to that dream.
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I uradila sam šta sam mogla u životu
da se približim tom snu.
da se približim tom snu.
01:04
Age 10, it was saving my school
dinner money change.
dinner money change.
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Sa 10 godina, štedela sam
ostatak novca od užine.
ostatak novca od užine.
01:07
Every single day for eight years,
I had mashed potato and baked beans,
I had mashed potato and baked beans,
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Osam godina sam svaki dan
jela pire krompir i zapečeni pasulj,
jela pire krompir i zapečeni pasulj,
01:11
which cost 4p each, and gravy was free.
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za po 4 penija svaki,
a sos je bio besplatan.
a sos je bio besplatan.
01:13
Every day I would pile up the change
on the top of my money box,
on the top of my money box,
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Svaki dan sam slagala ušteđevinu
na vrhu svoje kutije za novac,
na vrhu svoje kutije za novac,
01:17
and when that pile reached a pound,
I would drop it in
I would drop it in
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a kada bih skupila funtu,
ubacila bih novac
ubacila bih novac
01:19
and cross off one of the 100 squares
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
I'd drawn on a piece of paper.
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i precrtala jedan od 100 kvadrata
koje sam nacrtala na parčetu papira.
koje sam nacrtala na parčetu papira.
01:24
Finally, I bought a tiny dinghy.
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Konačno, kupila sam mali čamac.
01:27
I spent hours sitting on it in the garden
dreaming of my goal.
dreaming of my goal.
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Provodila sam sate sedeći u njenu u bašti
sanjajući o mom cilju.
sanjajući o mom cilju.
01:31
I read every book I could on sailing,
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Pročitala sam sve knjige o jedrenju,
01:34
and then eventually,
having been told by my school
having been told by my school
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a onda sam konačno,
kada mi je rečeno od strane moje škole
kada mi je rečeno od strane moje škole
01:37
I wasn't clever enough to be a vet,
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da nisam dovoljno pametna
da budem veterinar
da budem veterinar
01:39
left school age 17 to begin
my apprenticeship in sailing.
my apprenticeship in sailing.
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napustila školu sa 17 godina
kako bih započela sa učenjem o jedrenju.
kako bih započela sa učenjem o jedrenju.
01:44
So imagine how it felt
just four years later
just four years later
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Zamislite kako sam se osećala
samo četiri godine kasnije
samo četiri godine kasnije
01:48
to be sitting in a boardroom
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sedeći u sali za sastanke
01:50
in front of someone who I knew
could make that dream come true.
could make that dream come true.
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pred nekim za koga sam znala
da može da ostvari moj san.
da može da ostvari moj san.
01:54
I felt like my life
depended on that moment,
depended on that moment,
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Osećala sam kao da moj život
zavisi od tog trenutka
zavisi od tog trenutka
01:58
and incredibly, he said yes.
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i neverovatno, on je rekao da.
02:00
And I could barely contain my excitement
as I sat in that first design meeting
as I sat in that first design meeting
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I jedva sam mogla da obuzdam uzbuđenje
na tom prvom sastanku o dizajnu
na tom prvom sastanku o dizajnu
02:04
designing a boat
on which I was going to sail
on which I was going to sail
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dizajnirajući jedrilicu
kojom ću jedriti ja
kojom ću jedriti ja
02:07
solo nonstop around the world.
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sama, bez zaustavljanja, oko sveta.
02:10
From that first meeting
to the finish line of the race,
to the finish line of the race,
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Od tog prvog sastanka
pa sve do cilja,
pa sve do cilja,
02:13
it was everything I'd ever imagined.
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sve je bilo kao što sam oduvek zamišljala.
02:15
Just like in my dreams, there were
amazing parts and tough parts.
amazing parts and tough parts.
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Isto kao i u mojim snovima, bilo je tu
neverovatnih delova ali i teških.
neverovatnih delova ali i teških.
02:19
We missed an iceberg by 20 feet.
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Mimoišle smo santu leda za 6 metara.
02:21
Nine times, I climbed to the top
of her 90-foot mast.
of her 90-foot mast.
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Devet puta sam se popela na njen jarbol
visok 27,5 metara.
visok 27,5 metara.
02:24
We were blown on our side
in the Southern Ocean.
in the Southern Ocean.
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Bile smo oborene na stranu
u Južnom okeanu.
u Južnom okeanu.
02:27
But the sunsets, the wildlife,
and the remoteness
and the remoteness
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Ali zalasci sunca, život u divljini
i sama udaljenost
i sama udaljenost
02:30
were absolutely breathtaking.
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apsolutno su oduzimali dah.
02:33
After three months at sea, age just 24,
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Nakon tri meseca na moru,
sa samo 24 godine
sa samo 24 godine
02:36
I finished in second position.
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završila sam na drugom mestu.
02:39
I'd loved it, so much so
that within six months
that within six months
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Dopalo mi se toliko, da sam
u narednih šest meseci
u narednih šest meseci
02:42
I decided to go around the world again,
but this time not in a race:
but this time not in a race:
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odlučila da ponovo obiđem svet,
ali ovoga puta ne u trci:
ali ovoga puta ne u trci:
02:47
to try to be the fastest person ever
to sail solo nonstop around the world.
to sail solo nonstop around the world.
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da pokušam da budem najbrža osoba na svetu
koja je sama, bez pauze jedrila oko sveta.
koja je sama, bez pauze jedrila oko sveta.
02:52
Now for this, I needed a different craft:
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E, za ovo mi je bila potrebna
drugačija plovilica:
drugačija plovilica:
02:55
bigger, wider, faster, more powerful.
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veća, šira, brža, moćnija.
02:59
Just to give that boat some scale,
I could climb inside her mast
I could climb inside her mast
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Da vam približim malo njene dimenzije,
mogla sam se popeti unutar jarbola
mogla sam se popeti unutar jarbola
03:02
all the way to the top.
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sve do vrha.
03:04
Seventy-five foot long, 60 foot wide.
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23 metra dugačka, 18 metara široka.
03:08
I affectionately called her Moby.
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Od milja sam je zvala Mobi.
03:10
She was a multihull.
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Imala je nekoliko trupova.
03:12
When we built her, no one had ever
made it solo nonstop
made it solo nonstop
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Kada smo je pravili, niko još nije
uspeo sam da oplovi svet
uspeo sam da oplovi svet
03:15
around the world in one,
though many had tried,
though many had tried,
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sam bez zaustavljanja,
a mnogi su pokušali,
a mnogi su pokušali,
03:18
but whilst we built her, a Frenchman
took a boat 25 percent bigger than her
took a boat 25 percent bigger than her
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ali dok smo je pravili, jedan Francuz
isplovio je jedrilicu 25 posto veću od nje
isplovio je jedrilicu 25 posto veću od nje
03:23
and not only did he make it,
but he took the record from 93 days
but he took the record from 93 days
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i ne samo da je uspeo,
nego je smanjio rekord sa 93 dana
nego je smanjio rekord sa 93 dana
03:26
right down to 72.
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na 72 dana.
03:29
The bar was now much, much higher.
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Standard je sad bio mnogo, mnogo veći.
03:32
And these boats were exciting to sail.
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Ove jedrilice su uzbudljive za plovidbu.
03:34
This was a training sail
off the French coast.
off the French coast.
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Bio je to trening jedrenja
uz francusku obalu.
uz francusku obalu.
03:37
This I know well because I was one
of the five crew members on board.
of the five crew members on board.
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To vrlo dobro znam jer sam bila
jedna od pet članova posade.
jedna od pet članova posade.
03:41
Five seconds is all it took
from everything being fine
from everything being fine
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Bilo je potrebno samo 5 sekundi
da sve što je bilo pod kontrolom
da sve što je bilo pod kontrolom
03:45
to our world going black
as the windows were thrust underwater,
as the windows were thrust underwater,
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krene naopako, zavijeno u crno
dok su nam prozori ponirali u vodu
dok su nam prozori ponirali u vodu
03:48
and that five seconds goes quickly.
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a tih pet sekundi brzo prođe.
03:50
Just see how far below
those guys the sea is.
those guys the sea is.
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Pogledajte koliko je more
daleko ispod tih ljudi.
daleko ispod tih ljudi.
03:53
Imagine that alone
in the Southern Ocean
in the Southern Ocean
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Zamislite da se nađete u toj situaciji
sami u Južnom okeanu
sami u Južnom okeanu
03:57
plunged into icy water,
thousands of miles away from land.
thousands of miles away from land.
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zagnjureni u ledeno hladnu vodu,
hiljadama kilometara daleko od kopna.
hiljadama kilometara daleko od kopna.
04:03
It was Christmas Day.
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Bio je Božić.
04:05
I was forging into the Southern Ocean
underneath Australia.
underneath Australia.
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Jurišala sam u Južni okean
ispod Australije.
ispod Australije.
04:08
The conditions were horrendous.
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Uslovi su bili zastračujući.
04:11
I was approaching a part in the ocean
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Približavala sam se delu okeana
04:13
which was 2,000 miles away
from the nearest town.
from the nearest town.
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koji je bio udaljem 3200 km
od najbližeg grada.
od najbližeg grada.
04:17
The nearest land was Antarctica,
and the nearest people
and the nearest people
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Najbliže kopno bilo je Antartik
a najbliži ljudi su bili
a najbliži ljudi su bili
04:20
would be those manning
the European Space Station above me.
the European Space Station above me.
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zapravo gore iznad mene
u Evropskoj svemirskoj stanici.
u Evropskoj svemirskoj stanici.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:24
You really are in the middle of nowhere.
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Zaista se nalazite usred ničega.
04:27
If you need help,
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Ako vam zatreba pomoć
04:29
and you're still alive,
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a živi ste i dalje,
04:30
it takes four days
for a ship to get to you
for a ship to get to you
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potrebno je četiri dana
da bi brod došao po vas
da bi brod došao po vas
04:33
and then four days for that ship
to get you back to port.
to get you back to port.
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a onda još četiri dana da vas taj brod
vrati nazad u luku.
vrati nazad u luku.
04:37
No helicopter can reach you out there,
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Nijedan helikopter
ne može da dopre do vas
ne može da dopre do vas
04:39
and no plane can land.
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nijedan avon nema gde da sleti.
04:41
We are forging ahead of a huge storm.
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Približavali smo se ogromnoj oluji.
04:44
Within it, there was 80 knots of wind,
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Unutar nje je brzina vetra bila 150 km/h,
04:47
which was far too much wind
for the boat and I to cope with.
for the boat and I to cope with.
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bio je to previše jak vetar
i za mene i za jedrilicu.
i za mene i za jedrilicu.
04:50
The waves were already 40 to 50 feet high,
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Talasi su vež dostigli visinu
od 12 do 15 metara
od 12 do 15 metara
04:53
and the spray from the breaking crests
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voda od talasa koji su nas zapljuskivali
04:55
was blown horizontally
like snow in a blizzard.
like snow in a blizzard.
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duvala je horizontalno na nas
kao sneg tokom mećave.
kao sneg tokom mećave.
04:58
If we didn't sail fast enough,
we'd be engulfed by that storm,
we'd be engulfed by that storm,
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Da nismo jedrile dovoljno brzo
oluja bi nas zahvatila
oluja bi nas zahvatila
05:02
and either capsized or smashed to pieces.
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i ili bi nas prevrnula
ili razbila u komadiće.
ili razbila u komadiće.
05:05
We were quite literally
hanging on for our lives
hanging on for our lives
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Doslovno smo se borile za živote
05:08
and doing so on a knife edge.
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koji su visili o koncu.
05:11
The speed I so desperately needed
brought with it danger.
brought with it danger.
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Brzina za kojom sam vapila
dovela je sa sobom opasnost.
dovela je sa sobom opasnost.
05:15
We all know what it's like driving a car
20 miles an hour, 30, 40.
20 miles an hour, 30, 40.
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Svi mi znamo kako je to voziti auto
30, 40 ili 50 km/h.
30, 40 ili 50 km/h.
05:19
It's not too stressful.
We can concentrate.
We can concentrate.
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Nije preterano stresno.
U stanju smo da se skoncentrišemo.
U stanju smo da se skoncentrišemo.
05:22
We can turn on the radio.
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Možemo da uključimo radio.
05:24
Take that 50, 60, 70, accelerate through
to 80, 90, 100 miles an hour.
to 80, 90, 100 miles an hour.
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Uzmite tih 80, 90, 100 km/h i ubrzajte
na 140, 150 ili 160 km/h.
na 140, 150 ili 160 km/h.
05:28
Now you have white knuckles
and you're gripping the steering wheel.
and you're gripping the steering wheel.
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Imate sada pobelele zglobove
i sve više stežete volan.
i sve više stežete volan.
05:31
Now take that car off road at night
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Hajde sada tom brzinom
skrenite sa puta usred noći
skrenite sa puta usred noći
05:34
and remove the windscreen wipers,
the windscreen,
the windscreen,
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i sklonite brisače,
šoferšajbnu
šoferšajbnu
05:36
the headlights and the brakes.
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svetla i kočnice.
05:38
That's what it's like
in the Southern Ocean.
in the Southern Ocean.
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E, tako to izgleda u Južnom okeanu.
05:40
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplauz)
05:45
You could imagine
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Možete zamisliti
05:46
it would be quite difficult
to sleep in that situation,
to sleep in that situation,
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bilo bi poprilično teško
spavati pod takvim okolnostima
spavati pod takvim okolnostima
05:48
even as a passenger.
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čak i kao putnik.
05:50
But you're not a passenger.
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Ali vi niste putnik.
05:52
You're alone on a boat
you can barely stand up in,
you can barely stand up in,
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Sami ste na brodu,
jedva možete da se uspravite
jedva možete da se uspravite
05:54
and you have to make
every single decision on board.
every single decision on board.
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I na vama je da donesete
sve i jednu odluku sami.
sve i jednu odluku sami.
05:57
I was absolutely exhausted,
physically and mentally.
physically and mentally.
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Bila sam potpuno iscrpljena
i fizički i mentalno.
i fizički i mentalno.
06:00
Eight sail changes in 12 hours.
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8 promena jedara u 12 sati.
06:02
The mainsail weighed
three times my body weight,
three times my body weight,
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Glavno jedro je bilo tri puta
teže od mene same,
teže od mene same,
06:05
and after each change,
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i posle svake promene,
06:06
I would collapse on the floor
soaked with sweat
soaked with sweat
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sručila bih se na pod
oblivena znojem
oblivena znojem
06:09
with this freezing Southern Ocean air
burning the back of my throat.
burning the back of my throat.
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dok snažan vazduh Južnog okeana
prži moje grlo.
prži moje grlo.
06:13
But out there, those lowest of the lows
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Ali tamo, posle tih najvećih padova
06:16
are so often contrasted
with the highest of the highs.
with the highest of the highs.
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najčešće slede najveći usponi.
06:19
A few days later, we came out
of the back of the low.
of the back of the low.
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Nekoliko dana kasnije,
digle smo se sa dna.
digle smo se sa dna.
06:23
Against all odds, we'd been able
to drive ahead of the record
to drive ahead of the record
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Uprkos svemu, bile smo u stanju
da jedrimo napred, rušeći rekord
da jedrimo napred, rušeći rekord
06:27
within that depression.
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usred te depresije.
06:29
The sky cleared, the rain stopped,
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Nebo se razvedrilo, kiša je stala,
06:32
and our heartbeat, the monstrous
seas around us were transformed
seas around us were transformed
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i puls, monstruozno more oko nas
pretvorilo se
pretvorilo se
06:36
into the most beautiful moonlit mountains.
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u najlepše planine obasjane
mesečevom svetlošću.
mesečevom svetlošću.
06:40
It's hard to explain, but you enter
a different mode when you head out there.
a different mode when you head out there.
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Teško je to objasniti, ali kada ste tamo
postanete druga osoba.
postanete druga osoba.
06:44
Your boat is your entire world,
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Vaš brod je vaš ceo svet,
06:46
and what you take with you
when you leave is all you have.
when you leave is all you have.
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i šta ponesete sa sobom na polasku
je sve što imate.
je sve što imate.
06:49
If I said to you all now,
"Go off into Vancouver
"Go off into Vancouver
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Kada bih vam sada rekla:
"Idite u Vankuver
"Idite u Vankuver
06:52
and find everything you will need for
your survival for the next three months,"
your survival for the next three months,"
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i nađite sve što će vam biti potrebno
za preživljavanje za naredna tri meseca"
za preživljavanje za naredna tri meseca"
06:56
that's quite a task.
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to nije ni malo lak zadatak.
06:58
That's food, fuel, clothes,
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To je hrana, gorivo, odeća
07:00
even toilet roll and toothpaste.
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čak i rolne toalet papira i pasta za zube.
07:02
That's what we do,
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To je ono što uradimo,
07:04
and when we leave we manage it
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a kada krenemo, snalazimo se
07:06
down to the last drop of diesel
and the last packet of food.
and the last packet of food.
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sve do zadnje kapi goriva
i zadnjeg pakovanja hrane.
i zadnjeg pakovanja hrane.
07:10
No experience in my life
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Ni jedno iskustvo u mom životu
07:11
could have given me a better understanding
of the definition of the word "finite."
of the definition of the word "finite."
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nije moglo da mi pruži bolje razumevanje
definicije reči "konačan."
definicije reči "konačan."
07:15
What we have out there is all we have.
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Šta imamo tamo sa sobom
je sve što imamo.
je sve što imamo.
07:17
There is no more.
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Nema više.
07:19
And never in my life had I ever
translated that definition of finite
translated that definition of finite
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I nikada do tada u životu
nisam primenila definiciju konačnog
nisam primenila definiciju konačnog
07:22
that I'd felt on board
to anything outside of sailing
to anything outside of sailing
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koji sam doživela na brodu
na bilo šta izvan jedrenja
na bilo šta izvan jedrenja
07:26
until I stepped off the boat at
the finish line having broken that record.
the finish line having broken that record.
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sve dok nisam sišla sa broda na cilju
obarajući taj rekord.
obarajući taj rekord.
07:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:36
Suddenly I connected the dots.
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Najzad sam sklopila kockice.
07:38
Our global economy is no different.
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Naša globalna ekonomija
nije ni malo drugačija.
nije ni malo drugačija.
07:41
It's entirely dependent
on finite materials
on finite materials
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U potpunosti je zavisna
o ograničenim materijalima
o ograničenim materijalima
07:44
we only have once
in the history of humanity.
in the history of humanity.
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koje imamo samo jednom
u istoriji čovečanstva.
u istoriji čovečanstva.
07:46
And it was a bit like seeing something
you weren't expecting under a stone
you weren't expecting under a stone
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Bilo je kao kada nađete nešto neočekivano
ispod kamena
ispod kamena
07:50
and having two choices:
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imajući samo dva izbora.
07:52
I either put that stone to one side
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Ili ću skloniti kamen sa strane
07:54
and learn more about it,
or I put that stone back
or I put that stone back
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i naučiću viče o tome,
ili ću vratiti kamen nazad
ili ću vratiti kamen nazad
07:58
and I carry on with my dream job
of sailing around the world.
of sailing around the world.
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i nastaviću sa svojim poslom iz snova
jedreći oko sveta.
jedreći oko sveta.
08:02
I chose the first.
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Izabrala sam ono prvo.
08:04
I put it to one side and I began
a new journey of learning,
a new journey of learning,
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Stavila sam ga sa strane i započela
novo putovanje učenja,
novo putovanje učenja,
08:07
speaking to chief executives,
experts, scientists, economists
experts, scientists, economists
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razgovori sa izvršnim direktorima,
stručnjacima, naučnicima i ekonomistima
stručnjacima, naučnicima i ekonomistima
08:11
to try to understand just how
our global economy works.
our global economy works.
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pomogli su mi da razumem kako
funkcioniše globalna ekonomija.
funkcioniše globalna ekonomija.
08:14
And my curiosity took me
to some extraordinary places.
to some extraordinary places.
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Moja radoznalost me je odvela
na neka izvanredna mesta.
na neka izvanredna mesta.
08:18
This photo was taken in the burner
of a coal-fired power station.
of a coal-fired power station.
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Ovo je uslikano
u gorioniku uglja u elektrani.
u gorioniku uglja u elektrani.
Ugalj kao fundamentalna potreba
globalne energije me je fascinirao,
globalne energije me je fascinirao,
08:23
I was fascinated by coal,
fundamental to our global energy needs,
fundamental to our global energy needs,
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08:26
but also very close to my family.
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a takođe je blizak mojoj porodici.
08:29
My great-grandfather was a coal miner,
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2006
Moj pradeda je bio rudar uglja,
08:31
and he spent 50 years
of his life underground.
of his life underground.
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proveo je 50 godina života
u podzemlju.
u podzemlju.
08:35
This is a photo of him,
and when you see that photo,
and when you see that photo,
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Ovo je njegova fotografija,
i kada je pogledate,
i kada je pogledate,
08:38
you see someone from another era.
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vidite nekoga iz drugog doba.
08:40
No one wears trousers
with a waistband quite that high
with a waistband quite that high
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Niko ne nosi pantalone
sa tako visokim strukom
sa tako visokim strukom
08:43
in this day and age. (Laughter)
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u današnje vreme. (Smeh)
08:46
But yet, that's me
with my great-grandfather,
with my great-grandfather,
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2670
Nego, ovo sam ja
sa mojim pradedom,
sa mojim pradedom,
08:48
and by the way, they are not
his real ears. (Laughter)
his real ears. (Laughter)
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4133
i uzgred, ovo nisu njegove
prave uši. (Smeh)
prave uši. (Smeh)
08:53
We were close. I remember sitting on
his knee listening to his mining stories.
his knee listening to his mining stories.
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Bili smo bliski. Sećam se da sam mu sedela
na kolenu, slučajući rudarske priče.
na kolenu, slučajući rudarske priče.
08:57
He talked of the camaraderie underground,
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2252
Govorio je o drugarstvu ispod zemlje,
08:59
and the fact that the miners used to save
the crusts of their sandwiches
the crusts of their sandwiches
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3437
i činjenici da su rudari obično čuvali
korice svojih sendviča
korice svojih sendviča
09:03
to give to the ponies
they worked with underground.
they worked with underground.
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kako bi je dali ponijima
sa kojima su radili u podzemlju.
sa kojima su radili u podzemlju.
09:06
It was like it was yesterday.
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2391
Kao da je juče bilo.
09:08
And on my journey of learning,
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1788
I na mom putovanju učenja,
09:10
I went to the World
Coal Association website,
Coal Association website,
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posetila sam sajt
Svetske organizacije za ugalj,
Svetske organizacije za ugalj,
09:12
and there in the middle
of the homepage, it said,
of the homepage, it said,
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2322
i na sredini početne stranice,
pisalo je:
pisalo je:
09:15
"We have about 118 years of coal left."
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3158
"Preostalo nam je još 118 godina uglja."
09:18
And I thought to myself, well,
that's well outside my lifetime,
that's well outside my lifetime,
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3134
I pomislila sam, pa,
ja to neću ni doživeti,
ja to neću ni doživeti,
09:21
and a much greater figure
than the predictions for oil.
than the predictions for oil.
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2879
i daleko je veća brojka u pitanju
od predviđanja za naftu.
od predviđanja za naftu.
09:24
But I did the math, and I realized
that my great-grandfather
that my great-grandfather
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3065
A onda sam se presabrala, i shvatila sam
da je moj pradeda
da je moj pradeda
09:27
had been born exactly 118 years
before that year,
before that year,
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4574
rođen pre tačno 118 godina
pre te godine
pre te godine
09:31
and I sat on his knee
until I was 11 years old,
until I was 11 years old,
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2763
sedela sam mu na kolenu
do svoje 11. godine,
do svoje 11. godine,
09:34
and I realized it's nothing
185
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1904
i shvatila sam da je to ništa
09:36
in time, nor in history.
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2322
u vremenu, niti u istoriji.
To me je nateralo da donesem odluku
za koju sam mislila da nikada neću,
za koju sam mislila da nikada neću,
09:38
And it made me make a decision
I never thought I would make:
I never thought I would make:
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3158
09:42
to leave the sport
of solo sailing behind me
of solo sailing behind me
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2345
da napustim sport
solo jedrenja iza sebe
solo jedrenja iza sebe
09:44
and focus on the greatest challenge
I'd ever come across:
I'd ever come across:
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3065
i da se fokusiram na najveći izazov
na koji ću ikada naići:
na koji ću ikada naići:
09:47
the future of our global economy.
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2330
budućnost naše globalne ekonomije.
09:49
And I quickly realized it wasn't
just about energy.
just about energy.
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Ubrzo sam shvatila da se ne radi
samo o energiji.
samo o energiji.
09:52
It was also materials.
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Nego i o sirovinama.
09:54
In 2008, I picked up a scientific study
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2159
2008. sam naišla na naučni rad
09:56
looking at how many years we have
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2044
koji proučava koliko još godina imamo
09:58
of valuable materials
to extract from the ground:
to extract from the ground:
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2716
na raspolaganju za vađenje
sirovina iz zemlje:
sirovina iz zemlje:
10:01
copper, 61; tin, zinc, 40; silver, 29.
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4389
bakar, 61; kalaj, cink, 40; srebro 29.
10:05
These figures couldn't be exact,
but we knew those materials were finite.
but we knew those materials were finite.
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4016
Ove cifre možda nisu precizne,
ali znamo da su te sirovine ograničene.
ali znamo da su te sirovine ograničene.
10:09
We only have them once.
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1737
Imamo ih samo jednom.
10:11
And yet, our speed that we've used
these materials has increased rapidly,
these materials has increased rapidly,
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3534
A opet, brzina kojom ih koristimo
povećava se veoma brzo,
povećava se veoma brzo,
10:15
exponentially.
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eksponencionalno.
10:16
With more people in the world
with more stuff,
with more stuff,
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Uz više ljudi na svetu
sa više stvari,
sa više stvari,
10:19
we've effectively seen
100 years of price declines
100 years of price declines
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2774
uspeli smo da vidimo
100 godina padanja cena
100 godina padanja cena
10:22
in those basic commodities
erased in just 10 years.
erased in just 10 years.
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2845
tih osnovnih udobnosti
izbrisanih za samo 10 godina.
izbrisanih za samo 10 godina.
10:25
And this affects all of us.
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1787
To utiče na sve nas.
10:27
It's brought huge volatility in prices,
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2020
Sa sobom donosi veliku nestabilnost cena,
10:29
so much so that in 2011,
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2849
toliko da je u 2011,
10:32
your average European car manufacturer
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2538
vaš prosečan evropski
proizvođač automobila
proizvođač automobila
10:34
saw a raw material price increase
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2554
doživeo porast cene sirovog materijala
10:37
of 500 million Euros,
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2206
od 500 miliona evra,
10:39
wiping away half their operating profits
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2322
noseći sa sobom polovinu njihovog profita
10:41
through something they have
absolutely no control over.
absolutely no control over.
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3559
kroz nešto na šta oni
apsolutno ne mogu da utiču.
apsolutno ne mogu da utiču.
10:45
And the more I learned, the more
I started to change my own life.
I started to change my own life.
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I što sam više učila, sve više sam
menjala svoj život.
menjala svoj život.
Putovala sam manje,
radila manje, koristila manje.
radila manje, koristila manje.
10:48
I started traveling less,
doing less, using less.
doing less, using less.
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2289
10:50
It felt like actually doing less
was what we had to do.
was what we had to do.
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3541
Činilo se da je zapravo potrebno
da radimo manje.
da radimo manje.
10:54
But it sat uneasy with me.
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2350
Međutim, to mi baš i nije leglo.
10:56
It didn't feel right.
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1122
Nisam se osećala dobro.
10:57
It felt like we were
buying ourselves time.
buying ourselves time.
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2496
Činilo se kao da kupujemo
još vremena.
još vremena.
11:00
We were eking things out a bit longer.
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1892
Iskorišćavali smo stvari još malo više.
11:02
Even if everybody changed,
it wouldn't solve the problem.
it wouldn't solve the problem.
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3227
Čak i kada bi svi radili drugačije,
to ne bi rešilo problem.
to ne bi rešilo problem.
11:05
It wouldn't fix the system.
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2044
To ne bi popravilo sistem.
11:07
It was vital in the transition,
but what fascinated me was,
but what fascinated me was,
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3041
Bilo je važno u tranziciji,
ali ono što je meni bilo fascinantno,
ali ono što je meni bilo fascinantno,
11:10
in the transition to what?
What could actually work?
What could actually work?
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4389
je u tranziciji u šta?
Šta bi zapravo moglo da funkcioniše?
Šta bi zapravo moglo da funkcioniše?
11:14
It struck me that the system itself,
the framework within which we live,
the framework within which we live,
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4295
Shvatila sam da je sistem sam po sebi,
okvir unutar kojeg mi živimo,
okvir unutar kojeg mi živimo,
11:19
is fundamentally flawed,
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2299
u osnovi pun mana,
11:21
and I realized ultimately
225
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3259
i konačno sam shvatila
11:24
that our operating system,
the way our economy functions,
the way our economy functions,
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3033
da naš operativni sistem,
način na koji ekonomija funkcioniše,
način na koji ekonomija funkcioniše,
11:27
the way our economy's been built,
is a system in itself.
is a system in itself.
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3483
kako je naša ekonomija izgrađena,
jeste sistem sam po sebi.
jeste sistem sam po sebi.
11:31
At sea, I had to understand
complex systems.
complex systems.
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2902
Na moru, morala sam da shvatim
složene sisteme.
složene sisteme.
11:34
I had to take multiple inputs,
229
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1878
Morala sam da primim
ulazne jedinice,
ulazne jedinice,
11:36
I had to process them,
230
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1512
morala sam da ih obradim,
11:37
and I had to understand the system to win.
231
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2888
i morala sam da shvatim sistem
kako bih pobedila.
kako bih pobedila.
11:40
I had to make sense of it.
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1733
Morala sam da nađem smisao u tome.
11:42
And as I looked at our global economy,
I realized it too is that system,
I realized it too is that system,
233
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4063
Posmatrajući naču globalnu ekonomiju,
takođe sam shvatila da je sistem,
takođe sam shvatila da je sistem,
11:46
but it's a system that effectively
can't run in the long term.
can't run in the long term.
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4412
ali sistem koji dugoročno ne može
da funkcioniše efektivno.
da funkcioniše efektivno.
11:50
And I realized we've been perfecting
what's effectively a linear economy
what's effectively a linear economy
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3761
I shvatila sam da smo usavršavali
ono što je efektivno linearna ekonomija
ono što je efektivno linearna ekonomija
11:54
for 150 years,
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1870
već 150 godina,
11:56
where we take a material
out of the ground,
out of the ground,
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2031
tokom kojih uzimamo materijal
iz zemlje,
iz zemlje,
11:58
we make something out of it,
and then ultimately
and then ultimately
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2508
napravimo nešto od njega,
a onda konačno
a onda konačno
12:00
that product gets thrown away,
and yes, we do recycle some of it,
and yes, we do recycle some of it,
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3274
taj proizvod biva bačen,
i da, recikliramo deo toga,
i da, recikliramo deo toga,
12:04
but more an attempt to get out
what we can at the end,
what we can at the end,
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2995
više kao pokušaj da iz toga izvučemo
šta možemo na kraju,
šta možemo na kraju,
12:07
not by design.
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2206
a ne jer to tako treba.
12:09
It's an economy that fundamentally
can't run in the long term,
can't run in the long term,
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3204
Ovo je ekonomija koja u osnovi,
ne može da funkcioniše na duge staze
ne može da funkcioniše na duge staze
12:12
and if we know that we
have finite materials,
have finite materials,
243
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3033
i ukoliko znamo da
imamo ograničenu količinu materijala
imamo ograničenu količinu materijala
12:15
why would we build an economy
that would effectively use things up,
that would effectively use things up,
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3329
zašto bismo onda izgradili ekonomiju
koja efektno iskorišćava stvari,
koja efektno iskorišćava stvari,
12:18
that would create waste?
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1858
koja stvara otpad?
12:20
Life itself has existed
for billions of years
for billions of years
246
728777
2925
Život sam po sebi postoji
već milijarde godina,
već milijarde godina,
12:23
and has continually adapted
to use materials effectively.
to use materials effectively.
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3622
i u kontinuitetu je adaptiran
da efektno koristi materijale.
da efektno koristi materijale.
12:27
It's a complex system,
but within it, there is no waste.
but within it, there is no waste.
248
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3321
To je kompleksan sistem,
ali unutar njega nema otpada.
ali unutar njega nema otpada.
12:30
Everything is metabolized.
249
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2229
Sve je u upotrebi.
12:33
It's not a linear economy
at all, but circular.
at all, but circular.
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3539
To nije linearna ekonomija, ni najmanje,
cirkularna je.
cirkularna je.
12:37
And I felt like the child in the garden.
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Osećala sam se kao dete u bašti.
12:40
For the first time on this new journey,
I could see exactly where we were headed.
I could see exactly where we were headed.
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Po prvi put na ovom novom putovanju,
tačno sam znala gde smo se uputili.
tačno sam znala gde smo se uputili.
12:45
If we could build an economy that would
use things rather than use them up,
use things rather than use them up,
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Ako možemo da izgradimo ekonomiju koja bi
koristila stvari, a ne iskorišćavala,
koristila stvari, a ne iskorišćavala,
12:49
we could build a future that really
could work in the long term.
could work in the long term.
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mogli bi da izgradimo budućnost
koja bi funkcionisala dugoročno.
koja bi funkcionisala dugoročno.
12:52
I was excited.
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Bila sam uzbuđena.
12:54
This was something to work towards.
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Ovo je bilo nešto ka čemu se stremi.
12:56
We knew exactly where we were headed.
We just had to work out how to get there,
We just had to work out how to get there,
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Tačno smo znali gde smo se uputili,
samo smo morali da izradimo put do toga,
samo smo morali da izradimo put do toga,
13:00
and it was exactly with this in mind
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i upravo smo sa tim na umu
13:02
that we created the Ellen MacArthur
Foundation in September 2010.
Foundation in September 2010.
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osnovali Fondaciju Elen Makartur
u septembru 2010.
u septembru 2010.
13:07
Many schools of thought fed our thinking
and pointed to this model:
and pointed to this model:
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Mnoge škole mišljenja su nas podržale
i uputile na ovaj model:
i uputile na ovaj model:
13:11
industrial symbiosis, performance economy,
sharing economy, biomimicry,
sharing economy, biomimicry,
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industrijska simbioza,
ekonomija performansi,
ekonomija performansi,
ekonomija deljenja,
13:15
and of course, cradle-to-cradle design.
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biomimikrija, i naravno,
C2C regenerativni pristup.
C2C regenerativni pristup.
13:18
Materials would be defined
as either technical or biological,
as either technical or biological,
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Materijali bi bili definisani
ili kao tehnički ili kao biološki,
ili kao tehnički ili kao biološki,
13:22
waste would be designed out entirely,
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ništa ne bi ostalo za otpad,
13:25
and we would have a system
that could function
that could function
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imali bi smo sistem
koji bi apsolutno mogao
koji bi apsolutno mogao
13:28
absolutely in the long term.
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da funkcioniše dugoročno.
13:30
So what could this economy look like?
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Dakle, kako bi ova ekonomija izgledala?
13:33
Maybe we wouldn't buy light fittings,
but we'd pay for the service of light,
but we'd pay for the service of light,
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Možda ne bi plaćali svetlosna tela,
ali bi plaćali uslugu svetla,
ali bi plaćali uslugu svetla,
13:37
and the manufacturers
would recover the materials
would recover the materials
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a proizviđači bi mogli
da nadoknade materijale
da nadoknade materijale
13:39
and change the light fittings
when we had more efficient products.
when we had more efficient products.
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i na promene svetlosna tela
kada se pojave efikasniji proizvodi.
kada se pojave efikasniji proizvodi.
13:42
What if packaging was so nontoxic
it could dissolve in water
it could dissolve in water
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Šta ako bi postojala netoksična
pakovanja rastvoriva u vodi
pakovanja rastvoriva u vodi
13:45
and we could ultimately drink it?
It would never become waste.
It would never become waste.
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koju na kraju možemo i da pijemo?
Nikada ne bi postojao otpad.
Nikada ne bi postojao otpad.
13:49
What if engines were re-manufacturable,
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Ako bi motori bili
prepravljeni u fabrikama,
prepravljeni u fabrikama,
13:51
and we could recover
the component materials
the component materials
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kada bi mogli da oporavimo
materijale komponenti
materijale komponenti
13:53
and significantly reduce energy demand.
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i znatno smanjimo energetsku potražnju.
13:55
What if we could recover components
from circuit boards, reutilize them,
from circuit boards, reutilize them,
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Šta ako bi mogli da oporavimo komponente
strujnih ploča, ponovo koristimo
strujnih ploča, ponovo koristimo
13:59
and then fundamentally recover
the materials within them
the materials within them
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i u osnovi, vratimo u upotrebu
materijale iz njih
materijale iz njih
14:01
through a second stage?
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kroz drugu fazu?
14:03
What if we could collect
food waste, human waste?
food waste, human waste?
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Šta ako bi skupili
ostatke hrane, sav otpad?
ostatke hrane, sav otpad?
14:05
What if we could turn that
into fertilizer, heat, energy,
into fertilizer, heat, energy,
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Šta ako bi to pretvorili
u đubrivo, toplotu, energiju,
u đubrivo, toplotu, energiju,
14:08
ultimately reconnecting nutrients systems
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konačno ponovo povezali
hranljive sisteme
hranljive sisteme
14:11
and rebuilding natural capital?
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i redizajnirali prirodni kapital?
14:14
And cars -- what we want
is to move around.
is to move around.
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I automobili - ono što želimo
je da se krećemo.
je da se krećemo.
14:17
We don't need to own
the materials within them.
the materials within them.
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Nije potrebno da posedujemo
materijale za to.
materijale za to.
14:20
Could cars become a service
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Da li bi automobili mogli da budu
14:21
and provide us with
mobility in the future?
mobility in the future?
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usluga, i pruže nam
mobilnost u budućnosti?
mobilnost u budućnosti?
14:25
All of this sounds amazing, but these
aren't just ideas, they're real today,
aren't just ideas, they're real today,
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Sve ovo zvuči super, ali to više
nisu samo ideje, danas su realne,
nisu samo ideje, danas su realne,
14:29
and these lie at the forefront
of the circular economy.
of the circular economy.
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i leže na pragu
kružne ekonomije.
kružne ekonomije.
14:31
What lies before us is to expand them
and scale them up.
and scale them up.
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A pred nama je da ih proširimo
i uvećamo.
i uvećamo.
14:36
So how would you shift
from linear to circular?
from linear to circular?
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Ok, kako bi ste se vi prebacili
sa linearnog na kružno?
sa linearnog na kružno?
14:39
Well, the team and I at the foundation
thought you might want to work
thought you might want to work
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Pa, naš tim je najpre mislio da je
najbolje da krenemo
najbolje da krenemo
14:43
with the top universities in the world,
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sa najboljim univerzitetima na svetu,
14:45
with leading businesses within the world,
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sa vodećim svetskim firmama,
14:47
with the biggest convening
platforms in the world,
platforms in the world,
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sa najvećim konvencijskim platformama
na svetu,
na svetu,
14:49
and with governments.
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1002
i sa vladama.
14:50
We thought you might want
to work with the best analysts
to work with the best analysts
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Mislili smo da biste radili
sa najboljim analitičarima
sa najboljim analitičarima
14:53
and ask them the question,
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i postavili im pitanje:
14:54
"Can the circular economy decouple
growth from resource constraints?
growth from resource constraints?
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"Da li kružna ekonomija može odvojiti
rast od ograničenja resursa?
rast od ograničenja resursa?
14:57
Is the circular economy able
to rebuild natural capital?
to rebuild natural capital?
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Da li je kružna ekonomija sposobna
da ponovo izgradi prirodni kapital?
da ponovo izgradi prirodni kapital?
15:01
Could the circular economy
replace current chemical fertilizer use?"
replace current chemical fertilizer use?"
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889136
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Da li kružna ekonomija može da zameni
upotrebu hemijskih đubriva?"
upotrebu hemijskih đubriva?"
15:04
Yes was the answer to the decoupling,
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Da je bio odgovor za odvajanje,
15:07
but also yes, we could replace
current fertilizer use
current fertilizer use
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i da, takođe bi mogli da zamenimo
trenutnu upotrebu đubriva
trenutnu upotrebu đubriva
15:10
by a staggering 2.7 times.
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za zapanjujućih 2,7 puta.
15:14
But what inspired me most
about the circular economy
about the circular economy
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Ali kod kružne ekonomije
najviše me je inspirisala
najviše me je inspirisala
15:17
was its ability to inspire young people.
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njena mogućnost da inspiriše mlade ljude.
15:20
When young people see the economy
through a circular lens,
through a circular lens,
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Kada mladi posmatraju ekonomiju
kroz kružni objektiv,
kroz kružni objektiv,
15:23
they see brand new opportunities
on exactly the same horizon.
on exactly the same horizon.
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4536
oni vide nove prilike
na potpuno istom horizontu.
na potpuno istom horizontu.
15:28
They can use their creativity
and knowledge
and knowledge
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Mogu da upotrebe
svoju kreativnost i znanje
svoju kreativnost i znanje
15:31
to rebuild the entire system,
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2387
da ponovo izgrade ceo sistem,
15:33
and it's there for the taking right now,
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2113
a tu je, dostupno upravo sada,
15:35
and the faster we do this, the better.
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2456
i što pre uradimo to,
tim bolje.
tim bolje.
15:38
So could we achieve this
in their lifetimes?
in their lifetimes?
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Dakle, da li možemo da postignemo
to za vreme njihovih života?
to za vreme njihovih života?
15:41
Is it actually possible?
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2136
Da li je to stvarno i moguće?
15:43
I believe yes.
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Ja verujem da jeste.
15:45
When you look at the lifetime of
my great-grandfather, anything's possible.
my great-grandfather, anything's possible.
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3839
Ako posmatrate životni vek mog pradede,
sve je moguće.
sve je moguće.
15:49
When he was born, there were only
25 cars in the world;
25 cars in the world;
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3736
Kada se rodio, postojalo je
samo 25 automobila na svetu;
samo 25 automobila na svetu;
15:53
they had only just been invented.
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2430
Tek što su ih izmislili.
15:55
When he was 14, we flew
for the first time in history.
for the first time in history.
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3931
Kada je imao 14, leteli smo
prvi put u istoriji.
prvi put u istoriji.
15:59
Now there are 100,000 charter flights
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Sada ima 100,000 čarter letova
16:02
every single day.
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1946
svakoga dana.
16:04
When he was 45, we built
the first computer.
the first computer.
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Kada je imao 45, napravili smo
prvi računar.
prvi računar.
16:08
Many said it wouldn't catch on,
but it did, and just 20 years later
but it did, and just 20 years later
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Mnogi su govorili da neće uspeti,
uspeo je, a samo 20 godina posle
uspeo je, a samo 20 godina posle
16:11
we turned it into a microchip
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2021
smo ga pretvorili u mikročip
16:13
of which there will be thousands
in this room here today.
in this room here today.
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kojih danas ima na hiljade
samo u ovoj prostoriji.
samo u ovoj prostoriji.
16:17
Ten years before he died,
we built the first mobile phone.
we built the first mobile phone.
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10 godina pre njegove smrti,
napravili prvi mobilni telefon.
napravili prvi mobilni telefon.
16:20
It wasn't that mobile, to be fair,
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968359
1974
Iskreno, nije baš bio mobilan,
16:22
but now it really is,
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1974
ali zato danas stvarno jeste,
16:24
and as my great-grandfather
left this Earth, the Internet arrived.
left this Earth, the Internet arrived.
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3970
a kako je moj pradeda napustio ovu Zemlju,
pojavio se internet.
pojavio se internet.
16:28
Now we can do anything,
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2113
Sada možemo da radimo sve,
16:30
but more importantly,
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ali još bitnije,
16:31
now we have a plan.
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sada imamo plan.
16:33
Thank you.
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981985
2005
Hvala vam.
16:36
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dame Ellen MacArthur - Circular economy advocateAfter setting a record for sailing around the world, Dame Ellen MacArthur has turned her attention toward creating a more "circular" economy -- where resources and power recirculate and regenerate.
Why you should listen
It's a tradition among British citizens: If you circumnavigate the globe by sail, you'll earn royal honors. Ellen MacArthur was made a dame in 2005 after the fastest solo sail around the world. But when you sail alone around the world, things come into focus. Dame Ellen, at the top of her sailing career, had become acutely aware of the finite nature of the resources our linear economy relies on.
In 2010, she launched the Ellen MacArthur Foundation, which works with education and business to accelerate the transition to a regenerative circular economy. She also runs the Ellen MacArthur Cancer Trust, using sailing to build confidence for kids following cancer treatment.
Dame Ellen MacArthur | Speaker | TED.com