TEDxSMU
Jessica Shortall: The US needs paid family leave -- for the sake of its future
Džesika Šortal (Jessica Shortall): Kako Amerika izneverava mlade roditelje i njihove bebe
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1,521,725 views
Potrebno nam je da žene rade i potrebno nam je da žene koje rade rađaju bebe. Pa, zašto je Amerika jedna od jedinih zemalja u svetu koje ne pružaju državno plaćeno odsustvo zaposlenim ženama koje su majke odnedavno? U ovom britkom govoru, Džesika Šortal strastveno iznosi da je stvarnost zaposlenih majki u Americi ujedno skrivena i grozna: milioni žena, svake godine, primorani su da se vrate na posao samo nekoliko nedelja nakon porođaja. Njena ideja vredna širenja: došlo je vreme da prihvatimo ekonomsku, fizičku i psihološku cenu našeg pristupa zaposlenim majkama i njihovim bebama i da osiguramo našu ekonomsku budućnost obezbeđivanjem plaćenog odsustva svim zaposlenim roditeljima.
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work. Full bio
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Kako izgleda zaposlena majka?
00:12
What does a working mother look like?
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Ako upitate internet, reći će vam ovo.
00:15
If you ask the Internet,
this is what you'll be told.
this is what you'll be told.
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Nema veze što ćete zapravo proizvesti ovo
00:18
Never mind that this is
what you'll actually produce
what you'll actually produce
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ako pokušate da radite za kompjuterom
sa bebom na svom krilu.
sa bebom na svom krilu.
00:22
if you attempt to work at a computer
with a baby on your lap.
with a baby on your lap.
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(Smeh)
00:25
(Laughter)
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Ipak, ne, ovo je zaposlena majka.
00:27
But no, this isn't a working mother.
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Primetićete temu na ovim slikama.
Videćemo mnogo njih.
Videćemo mnogo njih.
00:30
You'll notice a theme in these photos.
We'll look at a lot of them.
We'll look at a lot of them.
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Tu temu čini sjajno prirodno osvetljenje,
00:33
That theme is amazing natural lighting,
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00:36
which, as we all know,
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koje, kao što svi znamo,
predstavlja obeležje
svakog radnog mesta u Americi.
svakog radnog mesta u Americi.
00:39
is the hallmark
of every American workplace.
of every American workplace.
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Postoje hiljade ovakvih slika.
00:43
There are thousands of images like these.
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Samo unesite reči „zaposlena majka“
00:46
Just put the term "working mother"
into any Google image search engine,
into any Google image search engine,
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u Gugl pretraživač slika
ili sajt za komercijalne fotografije.
ili sajt za komercijalne fotografije.
00:50
stock photo site.
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00:51
They're all over the Internet,
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Ima ih svuda po internetu;
preplavljuju objavljene tekstove
na blogovima i vesti
na blogovima i vesti
00:53
they're topping
blog posts and news pieces,
blog posts and news pieces,
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i postala sam nekako opsednuta njima,
lažima koje nam govore
lažima koje nam govore
00:55
and I've become kind of obsessed with them
and the lie that they tell us
and the lie that they tell us
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00:59
and the comfort that they give us,
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i utehom koju nam daju
01:01
that when it comes
to new working motherhood in America,
to new working motherhood in America,
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da je, kada se radi o novim majkama
u Americi koje rade,
u Americi koje rade,
sve u redu.
01:05
everything's fine.
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Međutim, nije u redu.
01:07
But it's not fine.
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Kao zemlja, vraćamo milione žena na posao
01:08
As a country, we are sending
millions of women back to work
millions of women back to work
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01:12
every year, incredibly
and kind of horrifically soon
and kind of horrifically soon
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svake godine, neverovatno i užasno brzo
01:16
after they give birth.
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nakon porođaja.
01:17
That's a moral problem
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To je moralni problem,
ali danas ću vam takođe govoriti
i o tome zašto je to ekonomski problem.
i o tome zašto je to ekonomski problem.
01:19
but today I'm also going to tell you
why it's an economic problem.
why it's an economic problem.
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Postala sam tako iznervirana i opsednuta
nerealnošću ovih slika,
nerealnošću ovih slika,
01:23
I got so annoyed and obsessed
with the unreality of these images,
with the unreality of these images,
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koje nimalo ne liče na moj život,
01:27
which look nothing like my life,
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da sam nedavno rešila da uslikam
i budem glavni lik u nizu fotografija
i budem glavni lik u nizu fotografija
01:29
that I recently decided to shoot and star
in a parody series of stock photos
in a parody series of stock photos
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za koje se nadam da će svet
početi da ih koristi,
početi da ih koristi,
01:34
that I hoped the world would start to use
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01:36
just showing the really awkward reality
of going back to work
of going back to work
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koje pokazuju pravu nezgodnu stvarnost
vraćanja na posao
vraćanja na posao
kada vam je izvor hrane za bebu
prikačen za telo.
prikačen za telo.
01:40
when your baby's food source
is attached to your body.
is attached to your body.
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01:45
I'm just going to show you two of them.
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Pokazaću vam samo dve među njima.
01:47
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:49
Nothing says "Give that girl a promotion"
like leaking breast milk
like leaking breast milk
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Ništa ne govori
„dajte toj curi unapređenje“
„dajte toj curi unapređenje“
kao mleko koje curi iz dojki
kroz haljinu za vreme prezentacije.
kroz haljinu za vreme prezentacije.
01:52
through your dress during a presentation.
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01:55
You'll notice that there's
no baby in this photo,
no baby in this photo,
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Primetićete da nema bebe
na ovoj fotografiji
na ovoj fotografiji
jer to tako ne funkcioniše,
01:57
because that's not how this works,
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ne za većinu zaposlenih majki.
02:00
not for most working mothers.
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Da li ste znali,
a ovo će vam upropastiti dan,
a ovo će vam upropastiti dan,
02:02
Did you know, and this will ruin your day,
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da svaki put kada se pusti voda u toaletu,
njen sadržaj prelazi u aerosoli
njen sadržaj prelazi u aerosoli
02:04
that every time a toilet is flushed,
its contents are aerosolized
its contents are aerosolized
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02:07
and they'll stay airborne for hours?
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i prenosi se u vazduhu satima?
02:10
And yet, for many new working mothers,
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A ipak, za mnoge nove majke koje rade,
02:13
this is the only place during the day
that they can find to make food
that they can find to make food
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ovo je jedino mesto u toku dana
koje mogu naći da naprave hranu
koje mogu naći da naprave hranu
za svoje novorođene bebe.
02:16
for their newborn babies.
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02:18
I put these things,
a whole dozen of them, into the world.
a whole dozen of them, into the world.
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Izbacila sam desetinu ovih slika u svet.
Htela sam da istaknem poentu.
02:22
I wanted to make a point.
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02:24
I didn't know what I was also doing
was opening a door,
was opening a door,
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Nisam znala da sam time otvorila vrata,
jer sada mi potpuno nepoznati ljudi
iz svih kategorija stalno pišu
iz svih kategorija stalno pišu
02:27
because now, total strangers
from all walks of life
from all walks of life
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02:31
write to me all the time
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samo da bi mi rekli
kako za njih izgleda vraćanje na posao
kako za njih izgleda vraćanje na posao
02:32
just to tell me what it's like
for them to go back to work
for them to go back to work
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02:36
within days or weeks of having a baby.
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nekoliko dana ili nedelja
nakon što dobiju dete.
nakon što dobiju dete.
02:39
I'm going to share
10 of their stories with you today.
10 of their stories with you today.
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Danas ću podeliti
deset njihovih priča sa vama.
deset njihovih priča sa vama.
Potpuno su stvarne,
neke od njih vrlo grube,
neke od njih vrlo grube,
02:42
They are totally real,
some of them are very raw,
some of them are very raw,
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02:45
and not one of them
looks anything like this.
looks anything like this.
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a nijedna ne izgleda poput ovoga.
02:50
Here's the first.
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Evo prve.
02:52
"I was an active duty
service member at a federal prison.
service member at a federal prison.
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„Bila sam pripadnik aktivne službe
u federalnom zatvoru.
u federalnom zatvoru.
Vratila sam se na posao
02:55
I returned to work after the maximum
allowed eight weeks for my C-section.
allowed eight weeks for my C-section.
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nakon maksimalnih dozvoljenih
osam nedelja zbog carskog reza.
osam nedelja zbog carskog reza.
03:00
A male coworker was annoyed
that I had been out on 'vacation,'
that I had been out on 'vacation,'
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Kolega je bio iznerviran
što sam bila odsutna zbog „odmora“,
što sam bila odsutna zbog „odmora“,
03:04
so he intentionally opened the door on me
while I was pumping breast milk
while I was pumping breast milk
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pa mi je namerno otvorio vrata
dok sam ispumpavala mleko
dok sam ispumpavala mleko
i stajao na vratima
dok su zatvorenici bili u hodniku.“
dok su zatvorenici bili u hodniku.“
03:07
and stood in the doorway
with inmates in the hallway."
with inmates in the hallway."
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Većina priča koje mi ove žene,
potpuni neznanci, šalju danas,
potpuni neznanci, šalju danas,
03:11
Most of the stories that these women,
total strangers, send to me now,
total strangers, send to me now,
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čak se ni ne tiču dojenja.
03:15
are not actually even about breastfeeding.
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03:17
A woman wrote to me to say,
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Jedna žena mi je pisala da bi rekla:
03:19
"I gave birth to twins and went back
to work after seven unpaid weeks.
to work after seven unpaid weeks.
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„Rodila sam blizance i vratila se na posao
nakon sedam neplaćenih nedelja.
nakon sedam neplaćenih nedelja.
03:24
Emotionally, I was a wreck.
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Emocionalno, bila sam slomljena.
03:25
Physically, I had a severe hemorrhage
during labor, and major tearing,
during labor, and major tearing,
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Fizički sam imala ozbiljno krvarenje
tokom porođaja i veliko cepanje,
tokom porođaja i veliko cepanje,
03:30
so I could barely get up, sit or walk.
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tako da sam jedva mogla da ustanem,
sednem ili hodam.
sednem ili hodam.
03:33
My employer told me I wasn't allowed
to use my available vacation days
to use my available vacation days
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Poslodavac mi je rekao da ne mogu
da uzmem svoje neiskorišćene dane za odmor
da uzmem svoje neiskorišćene dane za odmor
03:36
because it was budget season."
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jer je sezona za planiranje budžeta.“
03:39
I've come to believe that we can't look
situations like these in the eye
situations like these in the eye
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Počela sam da verujem da ne možemo
da se direktno suočimo sa ovim situacijama
da se direktno suočimo sa ovim situacijama
03:44
because then we'd be horrified,
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jer bismo tada bili zaprepašćeni,
a ako se zaprepastimo, onda moramo
nešto da uradimo po tom pitanju.
nešto da uradimo po tom pitanju.
03:46
and if we get horrified
then we have to do something about it.
then we have to do something about it.
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03:49
So we choose to look at,
and believe, this image.
and believe, this image.
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Stoga biramo da gledamo ovu sliku
i verujemo u nju.
i verujemo u nju.
03:53
I don't really know
what's going on in this picture,
what's going on in this picture,
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Zaista ne znam
šta se dešava na ovoj slici,
šta se dešava na ovoj slici,
jer mislim da je čudna i pomalo jeziva.
03:55
because I find it weird
and slightly creepy.
and slightly creepy.
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03:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:59
Like, what is she doing?
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Mislim, šta ona radi?
04:01
But I know what it tells us.
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Međutim, znam šta nam slika poručuje.
04:05
It tells us that everything's fine.
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Poručuje nam da je sve u redu.
04:07
This working mother, all working mothers
and all of their babies, are fine.
and all of their babies, are fine.
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Ova zaposlena majka, sve zaposlene majke
i sve njihove bebe su dobro.
i sve njihove bebe su dobro.
04:11
There's nothing to see here.
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Nema tu šta da se vidi.
04:13
And anyway, women have made a choice,
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U svakom slučaju, žene su napravile izbor,
tako da ništa od toga nije naš problem.
04:16
so none of it's even our problem.
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Želim da razložim
to pitanje izbora na dva dela.
to pitanje izbora na dva dela.
04:19
I want to break this choice thing
down into two parts.
down into two parts.
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04:22
The first choice says
that women have chosen to work.
that women have chosen to work.
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Prvi izbor kaže
da su žene izabrale da rade.
da su žene izabrale da rade.
04:25
So, that's not true.
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Pa, to nije istina.
04:28
Today in America, women make up
47 percent of the workforce,
47 percent of the workforce,
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Danas u Americi,
žene čine 47 posto radne snage,
žene čine 47 posto radne snage,
a u 40 posto američkih domaćinstava,
04:33
and in 40 percent of American households
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04:35
a woman is the sole
or primary breadwinner.
or primary breadwinner.
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žena je jedini
i glavni hranitelj porodice.
i glavni hranitelj porodice.
04:38
Our paid work is a part, a huge part,
of the engine of this economy,
of the engine of this economy,
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Naš plaćeni rad je deo, veliki deo,
mehanizma ove ekonomije
mehanizma ove ekonomije
04:43
and it is essential
for the engines of our families.
for the engines of our families.
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i od suštinskog je značaja
za mehanizam naših porodica.
za mehanizam naših porodica.
04:46
On a national level,
our paid work is not optional.
our paid work is not optional.
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Na državnom nivou,
naš plaćeni rad nije opcija.
naš plaćeni rad nije opcija.
04:50
Choice number two says that women
are choosing to have babies,
are choosing to have babies,
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Izbor broj dva kaže
da žene biraju da imaju bebe,
da žene biraju da imaju bebe,
04:53
so women alone should bear
the consequences of those choices.
the consequences of those choices.
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tako da one same treba da snose
posledice svojih izbora.
posledice svojih izbora.
Znate, to je jedna od onih stvari koje,
04:58
You know, that's one of those things
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05:00
that when you hear it in passing,
can sound correct.
can sound correct.
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kada ih čujete u prolazu,
mogu da zvuče ispravno.
mogu da zvuče ispravno.
Nisam te naterala da imaš bebu.
05:02
I didn't make you have a baby.
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05:03
I certainly wasn't there
when that happened.
when that happened.
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Svakako nisam bila tu kad se to desilo.
05:06
But that stance
ignores a fundamental truth,
ignores a fundamental truth,
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Međutim, taj stav ignoriše bitnu istinu,
05:12
which is that our procreation
on a national scale is not optional.
on a national scale is not optional.
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a to je da naše rađanje
na nacionalnom nivou nije opcija.
na nacionalnom nivou nije opcija.
05:17
The babies that women, many of them
working women, are having today,
working women, are having today,
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Bebe koje danas rađaju žene,
od kojih mnoge rade,
od kojih mnoge rade,
05:21
will one day fill our workforce,
protect our shores,
protect our shores,
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jednog dana ispuniće naša radna mesta,
štititi naše obale,
štititi naše obale,
05:24
make up our tax base.
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činiti našu poresku osnovicu.
05:26
Our procreation
on a national scale is not optional.
on a national scale is not optional.
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Naše rađanje nije opcija
na nacionalnom nivou.
na nacionalnom nivou.
05:30
These aren't choices.
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To nisu izbori.
05:32
We need women to work.
We need working women to have babies.
We need working women to have babies.
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Potrebno nam je da žene rade.
Potrebno nam je da žene koje rade rađaju.
Potrebno nam je da žene koje rade rađaju.
Stoga treba da učinimo
istovremeno obavljanje tih stvari
istovremeno obavljanje tih stvari
05:36
So we should make
doing those things at the same time
doing those things at the same time
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05:38
at least palatable, right?
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barem prihvatljivim, zar ne?
05:40
OK, this is pop quiz time:
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U redu, vreme je za kviz pitanje:
05:43
what percentage of working
women in America do you think
women in America do you think
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šta mislite, koliki je procenat
žena koje rade u Americi
žena koje rade u Americi
05:46
have no access to paid maternity leave?
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koje nemaju na raspolaganju
plaćeno porodiljsko odsustvo?
plaćeno porodiljsko odsustvo?
05:51
88 percent.
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Osamdeset osam posto.
Osamdeset osam posto zaposlenih majki
neće dobiti ni minut plaćenog odsustva
neće dobiti ni minut plaćenog odsustva
05:53
88 percent of working mothers
will not get one minute of paid leave
will not get one minute of paid leave
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05:57
after they have a baby.
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nakon što dobiju bebu.
Sada razmišljate o neplaćenom odsustvu.
05:58
So now you're thinking about unpaid leave.
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06:02
It exists in America.
It's called FMLA. It does not work.
It's called FMLA. It does not work.
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To postoji u Americi.
Zove se FMLA. Ne funkcioniše.
Zove se FMLA. Ne funkcioniše.
06:05
Because of the way it's structured,
all kinds of exceptions,
all kinds of exceptions,
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Zbog načina na koji je strukturisan,
raznoraznih izuzetaka,
raznoraznih izuzetaka,
06:08
half of new mothers are ineligible for it.
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polovina žena koje su nedavno
postale majke se ne kvalifikuje.
postale majke se ne kvalifikuje.
Evo kako to izgleda.
06:12
Here's what that looks like.
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06:16
"We adopted our son.
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„Usvojili smo našeg sina.
06:18
When I got the call, the day he was born,
I had to take off work.
I had to take off work.
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Kada sam dobila poziv,
na dan njegovog rođenja,
na dan njegovog rođenja,
morala sam da izađem sa posla.
Nisam bila tamo dovoljno dugo
da bih se kvalifikovala za FMLA,
da bih se kvalifikovala za FMLA,
06:22
I had not been there long enough
to qualify for FMLA,
to qualify for FMLA,
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tako da nisam ispunjavala uslove
za neplaćeno odustvo.
za neplaćeno odustvo.
06:25
so I wasn't eligible for unpaid leave.
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Kada sam uzela slobodne dane
06:28
When I took time off
to meet my newborn son,
to meet my newborn son,
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da bih dočekala svog novorođenog sina,
izgubila sam posao.“
izgubila sam posao.“
06:30
I lost my job."
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06:33
These corporate stock photos
hide another reality, another layer.
hide another reality, another layer.
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Ove korporativne fotografije
skrivaju drugu stvarnost, drugi sloj.
skrivaju drugu stvarnost, drugi sloj.
06:38
Of those who do have access
to just that unpaid leave,
to just that unpaid leave,
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Od onih koje imaju na raspolaganju
samo to neplaćeno odsustvo,
samo to neplaćeno odsustvo,
06:42
most women can't afford
to take much of it at all.
to take much of it at all.
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većina žena ne može da priušti
da uzme njegov veći deo.
da uzme njegov veći deo.
Jedna bolničarka mi je rekla:
06:45
A nurse told me, "I didn't qualify
for short-term disability
for short-term disability
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„Nisam bila kvalifikovana
za kratkotrajnu sprečenost
za kratkotrajnu sprečenost
06:49
because my pregnancy
was considered a preexisting condition.
was considered a preexisting condition.
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jer se moja trudnoća smatrala
već postojećim stanjem.
već postojećim stanjem.
Iskoristili smo sav naš povraćaj poreza
i polovinu ušteđevine
i polovinu ušteđevine
06:53
We used up all of our tax returns
and half of our savings
and half of our savings
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06:55
during my six unpaid weeks.
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tokom mojih šest neplaćenih nedelja.
06:57
We just couldn't manage any longer.
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Jednostavno više nismo mogli.
Bilo je teško fizički,
ali emocionalno je bilo još gore.
ali emocionalno je bilo još gore.
06:59
Physically it was hard,
but emotionally it was worse.
but emotionally it was worse.
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07:02
I struggled for months
being away from my son."
being away from my son."
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Mučila sam se mesecima
zbog odvojenosti od svog sina.“
zbog odvojenosti od svog sina.“
07:05
So this decision
to go back to work so early,
to go back to work so early,
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Dakle, ta odluka
o tako ranom povratku na posao,
o tako ranom povratku na posao,
07:08
it's a rational economic decision
driven by family finances,
driven by family finances,
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to je racionalna ekonomska odluka
vođena finansijama porodice,
vođena finansijama porodice,
07:12
but it's often physically horrific
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ali je često fizički užasna
07:14
because putting a human
into the world is messy.
into the world is messy.
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jer je donošenje
ljudskog bića na svet složeno.
ljudskog bića na svet složeno.
07:18
A waitress told me,
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Jedna konobarica mi je rekla:
07:19
"With my first baby, I was back
at work five weeks postpartum.
at work five weeks postpartum.
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„Sa prvom bebom, bila sam ponovo na poslu
pet nedelja posle porođaja.
pet nedelja posle porođaja.
07:23
With my second, I had to have
major surgery after giving birth,
major surgery after giving birth,
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Sa drugom, morala sam na veću operaciju
nakon rođenja deteta,
nakon rođenja deteta,
07:26
so I waited until six weeks to go back.
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pa sam čekala do šeste nedelje
da bih se vratila.
da bih se vratila.
07:29
I had third degree tears."
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Imala sam porođajnu ranu trećeg stepena.“
Dvadeset tri posto majki koje su to
odnedavno postale zaposlenih u Americi
odnedavno postale zaposlenih u Americi
07:32
23 percent of new
working mothers in America
working mothers in America
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07:35
will be back on the job
within two weeks of giving birth.
within two weeks of giving birth.
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vratiće se na posao
dve nedelje nakon porođaja.
dve nedelje nakon porođaja.
07:42
"I worked as a bartender and cook,
average of 75 hours a week while pregnant.
average of 75 hours a week while pregnant.
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„Radila sam za šankom i kao kuvarica,
u proseku 75 sati nedeljno
za vreme trudnoće.
za vreme trudnoće.
Morala sam da se vratim na posao
07:47
I had to return to work
before my baby was a month old,
before my baby was a month old,
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pre nego što je moja beba napunila
mesec dana, radeći 60 sati nedeljno.
mesec dana, radeći 60 sati nedeljno.
07:49
working 60 hours a week.
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07:51
One of my coworkers was only able
to afford 10 days off with her baby."
to afford 10 days off with her baby."
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Jedna od mojih koleginica
je svega mogla da priušti
je svega mogla da priušti
10 slobodnih dana sa bebom.“
07:56
Of course, this isn't just a scenario
with economic and physical implications.
with economic and physical implications.
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Naravno, ovo nije samo scenario
sa ekonomskim i fizičkim posledicama.
sa ekonomskim i fizičkim posledicama.
08:00
Childbirth is, and always will be,
an enormous psychological event.
an enormous psychological event.
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Rođenje deteta je, i uvek će biti,
ogroman psihološki događaj.
ogroman psihološki događaj.
08:06
A teacher told me,
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Jedna nastavnica mi je rekla:
„Vratila sam se na posao osam nedelja
nakon što je moj sin rođen.
nakon što je moj sin rođen.
08:08
"I returned to work
eight weeks after my son was born.
eight weeks after my son was born.
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08:11
I already suffer from anxiety,
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Već sam patila od anksioznosti,
08:13
but the panic attacks I had prior
to returning to work were unbearable."
to returning to work were unbearable."
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ali napadi panike koje sam imala
pred povratak na posao
pred povratak na posao
bili su nepodnošljivi.“
08:18
Statistically speaking,
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Statistički govoreći,
što je kraće odsustvo žene
nakon rođenja bebe,
nakon rođenja bebe,
08:20
the shorter a woman's leave
after having a baby,
after having a baby,
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veća je verovatnoća da će patiti
od postporođajnih poremećaja raspoloženja
od postporođajnih poremećaja raspoloženja
08:23
the more likely she will be to suffer
from postpartum mood disorders
from postpartum mood disorders
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08:26
like depression and anxiety,
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poput depresije i anksioznosti,
08:28
and among many potential
consequences of those disorders,
consequences of those disorders,
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a među mnogim mogućim posledicama
tih poremećaja,
tih poremećaja,
08:32
suicide is the second
most common cause of death
most common cause of death
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samoubistvo je drugi najčešći uzrok smrti
08:35
in a woman's first year postpartum.
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kod žena u prvoj godini posle porođaja.
08:39
Heads up that this next story --
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Upozoravam na sledeću priču -
08:40
I've never met this woman,
but I find it hard to get through.
but I find it hard to get through.
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nikada nisam upoznala ovu ženu,
ali mislim da je teško čuti je.
ali mislim da je teško čuti je.
08:45
"I feel tremendous grief and rage
that I lost an essential,
that I lost an essential,
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„Osećam ogromnu tugu i bes
jer sam izgubila ključno,
jer sam izgubila ključno,
08:49
irreplaceable and formative
time with my son.
time with my son.
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nezamenljivo i formativno vreme
sa svojim sinom.
sa svojim sinom.
08:53
Labor and delivery
left me feeling absolutely broken.
left me feeling absolutely broken.
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Porođaj me je doveo
do osećaja potpune slomljenosti.
do osećaja potpune slomljenosti.
08:56
For months, all I remember
is the screaming: colic, they said.
is the screaming: colic, they said.
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Mesecima, jedino čega se sećam
je vrištanje; grčevi, govorili su.
je vrištanje; grčevi, govorili su.
09:01
On the inside, I was drowning.
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Tonula sam iznutra.
09:03
Every morning, I asked myself
how much longer I could do it.
how much longer I could do it.
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Svakoga jutra, pitala sam se
koliko još dugo ću moći da izdržim.
koliko još dugo ću moći da izdržim.
09:07
I was allowed to bring my baby to work.
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Bilo mi je dozvoljeno
da dovedem bebu na posao.
da dovedem bebu na posao.
09:10
I closed my office door
while I rocked and shushed
while I rocked and shushed
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Zatvarala sam vrata kancelarije
dok sam ga ljuljala, ućutkivala
dok sam ga ljuljala, ućutkivala
09:13
and begged him to stop screaming
so I wouldn't get in trouble.
so I wouldn't get in trouble.
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i molila da prestane da vrišti
da ne bih upala u nevolju.
da ne bih upala u nevolju.
Krila sam se iza tih vrata kancelarije
09:17
I hid behind that office door
every damn day
every damn day
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svakog prokletog dana
i plakala dok je on vrištao.
i plakala dok je on vrištao.
09:19
and cried while he screamed.
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09:21
I cried in the bathroom
while I washed out the pump equipment.
while I washed out the pump equipment.
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Plakala sam u kupatilu
dok sam ispirala opremu za ispumpavanje.
dok sam ispirala opremu za ispumpavanje.
Svakoga dana, plakala sam celim putem
do posla i ponovo celim putem do kuće.
do posla i ponovo celim putem do kuće.
09:25
Every day, I cried all the way to work
and all the way home again.
and all the way home again.
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09:28
I promised my boss that the work
I didn't get done during the day,
I didn't get done during the day,
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Obećala sam šefu da ću posao
koji ne završim tokom dana
koji ne završim tokom dana
nadoknaditi noću od kuće.
09:31
I'd make up at night from home.
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09:33
I thought, there's just something
wrong with me that I can't swing this."
wrong with me that I can't swing this."
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Mislila sam da mora da nešto nije u redu
sa mnom kada ne mogu da se nosim sa ovim.“
sa mnom kada ne mogu da se nosim sa ovim.“
09:38
So those are the mothers.
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Dakle, to su majke.
09:41
What of the babies?
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Šta je sa bebama?
09:42
As a country, do we care
about the millions of babies
about the millions of babies
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Kao zemlja, da li brinemo o milionima beba
koje svake godine rađaju zaposlene majke?
09:45
born every year to working mothers?
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09:47
I say we don't,
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Ja kažem da ne brinemo,
ne dok ne dostignu uzrast kada mogu
da rade, plaćaju porez i služe vojsku.
da rade, plaćaju porez i služe vojsku.
09:48
not until they're of working
and tax-paying and military-serving age.
and tax-paying and military-serving age.
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09:52
We tell them we'll see them in 18 years,
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Kažemo im da se vidimo za 18 godina,
09:54
and getting there is kind of on them.
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a kako će stići tamo je na njima.
Jedan od razloga zbog kojih to znam
jeste da bebe čije majke
jeste da bebe čije majke
09:57
One of the reasons I know this
is that babies whose mothers
is that babies whose mothers
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2762
10:00
have 12 or more weeks at home with them
190
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provedu 12 ili više nedelja
kod kuće sa njima
kod kuće sa njima
10:02
are more likely to get their vaccinations
and their well checks in their first year,
and their well checks in their first year,
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imaju veću šansu da budu vakcinisane
i da ih odvode na preglede u prvoj godini,
i da ih odvode na preglede u prvoj godini,
pa su te bebe zaštićenije od smrtonosnih
i onesposobljavajućih bolesti.
i onesposobljavajućih bolesti.
10:06
so those babies are more protected
from deadly and disabling diseases.
from deadly and disabling diseases.
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10:11
But those things are hidden
behind images like this.
behind images like this.
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Ipak, te stvari se prikrivaju
iza ovakvih slika.
iza ovakvih slika.
10:18
America has a message for new mothers
who work and for their babies.
who work and for their babies.
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Amerika ima poruku za zaposlene žene
koje su odnedavno majke i za njihove bebe.
koje su odnedavno majke i za njihove bebe.
10:23
Whatever time you get together,
you should be grateful for it,
you should be grateful for it,
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Koliko god vremena da dobijete zajedno,
treba da ste zahvalne zbog toga
treba da ste zahvalne zbog toga
10:27
and you're an inconvenience
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2736
i predstavljate neprijatnost
za ekonomiju i vaše poslodavce.
10:30
to the economy and to your employers.
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3016
10:33
That narrative of gratitude
runs through a lot of the stories I hear.
runs through a lot of the stories I hear.
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Ta priča o zahvalnosti
provlači se kroz mnogo priča koje čujem.
provlači se kroz mnogo priča koje čujem.
10:37
A woman told me,
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Jedna žena mi je rekla:
„Vratila sam se
8 nedelja posle carskog reza
8 nedelja posle carskog reza
10:39
"I went back at eight weeks
after my C-section
after my C-section
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jer je moj muž bio bez posla.
10:41
because my husband was out of work.
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1816
Bez mene, moja ćerka
nije uspevala da napreduje.
nije uspevala da napreduje.
10:43
Without me, my daughter
had failure to thrive.
had failure to thrive.
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Nije prihvatala flašicu.
10:46
She wouldn't take a bottle.
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Počela je da gubi na težini.
10:47
She started losing weight.
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Srećom, moj rukovodilac
je imao mnogo razumevanja.
je imao mnogo razumevanja.
10:49
Thankfully, my manager
was very understanding.
was very understanding.
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Dopustio je da moja mama donosi bebu,
10:52
He let my mom bring my baby,
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10:53
who was on oxygen and a monitor,
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2296
koja je bila na kiseoniku
i prikačena za monitor,
i prikačena za monitor,
10:56
four times a shift so I could nurse her."
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četiri puta za vreme smene
tako da mogu da je dojim.“
tako da mogu da je dojim.“
Postoji društvance zemalja u svetu
10:59
There's a little club
of countries in the world
of countries in the world
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3376
11:03
that offer no national
paid leave to new mothers.
paid leave to new mothers.
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3856
koje novim majkama ne daju
državno plaćeno odsustvo.
državno plaćeno odsustvo.
11:07
Care to guess who they are?
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Hoćete da pogađate koje su to zemlje?
11:09
The first eight make up eight million
in total population.
in total population.
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Prvih osam čini osam miliona
ukupnog stanovništva.
ukupnog stanovništva.
To su: Papua Nova Gvineja,
Surinam i male ostrvske države -
Surinam i male ostrvske države -
11:13
They are Papua New Guinea,
Suriname and the tiny island nations
Suriname and the tiny island nations
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3496
11:17
of Micronesia, Marshall Islands,
Nauru, Niue, Palau and Tonga.
Nauru, Niue, Palau and Tonga.
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6216
Mikronezija, Maršalska ostrva,
Nauru, Niue, Palau i Tonga.
Nauru, Niue, Palau i Tonga.
11:23
Number nine is
the United States of America,
the United States of America,
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Broj devet su Sjedinjene Američke Države,
11:25
with 320 million people.
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2080
sa 320 miliona ljudi.
11:29
Oh, that's it.
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2336
O, to je to.
11:31
That's the end of the list.
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2576
To je kraj spiska.
11:34
Every other economy on the planet
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Svaka druga ekonomija na planeti
je našla način da obezbedi neki nivo
državnog plaćenog odsustva sa posla
državnog plaćenog odsustva sa posla
11:35
has found a way to make some level
of national paid leave work
of national paid leave work
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3896
11:39
for the people doing the work
of the future of those countries,
of the future of those countries,
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2976
za ljude koji obavljaju posao
budućnosti tih zemalja,
budućnosti tih zemalja,
11:42
but we say,
"We couldn't possibly do that."
"We couldn't possibly do that."
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ali mi kažemo:
„Mi to nikako ne bismo mogli.“
„Mi to nikako ne bismo mogli.“
11:46
We say that the market
will solve this problem,
will solve this problem,
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2496
Kažemo da će tržište rešiti ovaj problem,
11:49
and then we cheer when corporations
offer even more paid leave to the women
offer even more paid leave to the women
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a onda aplaudiramo kada korporacije
nude čak i više plaćenog odsustva
nude čak i više plaćenog odsustva
ženama koje su već najobrazovanije
i najplaćenije među nama.
i najplaćenije među nama.
11:53
who are already the highest-educated
and highest-paid among us.
and highest-paid among us.
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11:57
Remember that 88 percent?
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1816
Sećate se onih 88 procenata?
11:58
Those middle- and low-income women
are not going to participate in that.
are not going to participate in that.
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3840
Te žene sa srednjom i niskom zaradom
neće učestvovati u tome.
neće učestvovati u tome.
12:03
We know that there are staggering
economic, financial, physical
economic, financial, physical
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Znamo da postoji
zapanjujuća ekonomska, finansijska,
zapanjujuća ekonomska, finansijska,
fizička i emocionalna cena ovog pristupa,
12:09
and emotional costs to this approach.
229
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2536
12:11
We have decided --
decided, not an accident,
decided, not an accident,
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4016
Odlučili smo -
odlučili, nije bilo slučajno -
odlučili, nije bilo slučajno -
12:15
to pass these costs directly
on to working mothers and their babies.
on to working mothers and their babies.
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3936
da direktno prebacimo tu cenu
na zaposlene majke i njihove bebe.
na zaposlene majke i njihove bebe.
12:19
We know the price tag is higher
for low-income women,
for low-income women,
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Znamo da je cena veća
za žene sa niskom zaradom,
za žene sa niskom zaradom,
12:22
therefore disproportionately
for women of color.
for women of color.
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prema tome, nesrazmerno za obojene žene.
12:25
We pass them on anyway.
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Prebacujemo je u svakom slučaju.
12:27
All of this is to America's shame.
235
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2616
Sve ovo ide Americi na sramotu,
12:30
But it's also to America's risk.
236
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3896
ali takođe je i rizik po Ameriku,
12:34
Because what would happen
237
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1896
jer šta bi se dogodilo
12:36
if all of these individual
so-called choices to have babies
so-called choices to have babies
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kad bi svi ti pojedinačni takozvani izbori
da se dobijaju bebe
da se dobijaju bebe
12:40
started to turn into individual choices
not to have babies.
not to have babies.
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počeli da se pretvaraju
u pojedinačne izbore da se nemaju bebe.
u pojedinačne izbore da se nemaju bebe.
12:45
One woman told me,
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Jedna žena mi je rekla:
12:47
"New motherhood is hard.
It shouldn't be traumatic.
It shouldn't be traumatic.
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„Teško je postati majka.
Ne bi trebalo da bude i traumatično.
Ne bi trebalo da bude i traumatično.
12:50
When we talk about expanding
our family now,
our family now,
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Kada sada govorimo o širenju porodice,
12:52
we focus on how much time I would have
to care for myself and a new baby.
to care for myself and a new baby.
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fokusiramo se na to
koliko bih imala vremena
koliko bih imala vremena
da se staram o sebi i novorođenčetu.
12:56
If we were to have to do it again
the same way as with our first,
the same way as with our first,
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Ako bismo morali da ponovo radimo
isto što i sa našim prvim detetom,
isto što i sa našim prvim detetom,
13:00
we might stick with one kid."
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možda ipak ostanemo pri jednom.“
Stopa nataliteta potrebna u Americi
da održi populaciju stabilnom
da održi populaciju stabilnom
13:03
The birthrate needed in America
to keep the population stable
to keep the population stable
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je 2,1 živorođena deteta po ženi.
13:06
is 2.1 live births per woman.
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U Americi danas, nalazimo se na 1,86.
13:08
In America today, we are at 1.86.
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13:12
We need women to have babies,
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Potrebno nam je da žene rađaju bebe,
13:15
and we are actively disincentivizing
working women from doing that.
working women from doing that.
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a aktivno ukidamo podsticaje
za to ženama koje rade.
za to ženama koje rade.
Šta bi se desilo sa radnom snagom,
inovacijama, bruto domaćim proizvodom,
inovacijama, bruto domaćim proizvodom,
13:19
What would happen to work force,
to innovation, to GDP,
to innovation, to GDP,
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13:23
if one by one, the working mothers
of this country were to decide
of this country were to decide
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kada bi jedna po jedna
zaposlena majka u ovoj zemlji rešila
zaposlena majka u ovoj zemlji rešila
13:27
that they can't bear
to do this thing more than once?
to do this thing more than once?
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da ne može to da izdrži više nego jednom?
13:31
I'm here today with only
one idea worth spreading,
one idea worth spreading,
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Danas sam ovde
sa samo jednom idejom vrednom širenja
13:35
and you've guessed what it is.
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i pogađate koja je.
13:37
It is long since time
for the most powerful country on Earth
for the most powerful country on Earth
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Krajnje je vreme
za najmoćniju zemlju na planeti
za najmoćniju zemlju na planeti
13:41
to offer national paid leave
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da obezbedi državno plaćeno odsustvo
13:43
to the people doing the work
of the future of this country
of the future of this country
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ljudima koji obavljaju
posao budućnosti ove zemlje
posao budućnosti ove zemlje
13:45
and to the babies
who represent that future.
who represent that future.
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i bebama koje predstavljaju tu budućnost.
13:48
Childbirth is a public good.
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Rođenje deteta je društveno dobro.
13:50
This leave should be state-subsidized.
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To odsustvo treba da subvencioniše država.
13:53
It should have no exceptions
for small businesses,
for small businesses,
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Ne bi trebalo da postoje izuzeci
za mala preduzeća,
za mala preduzeća,
13:56
length of employment or entrepreneurs.
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dužinu radnog odnosa ili preduzetnike.
13:58
It should be able
to be shared between partners.
to be shared between partners.
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Trebalo bi da može
da se raspodeli među partnerima.
da se raspodeli među partnerima.
14:00
I've talked today a lot about mothers,
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Danas sam dosta govorila o majkama,
14:02
but co-parents matter on so many levels.
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ali oba roditelja
su važna na toliko nivoa.
su važna na toliko nivoa.
14:07
Not one more woman
should have to go back to work
should have to go back to work
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Nijedna žena više ne bi trebalo
da se vrati na posao
da se vrati na posao
14:10
while she is hobbling and bleeding.
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dok hramlje i krvari.
14:13
Not one more family should have
to drain their savings account
to drain their savings account
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Nijedna više porodica ne bi trebalo
da mora da isprazni svoj štedni račun
da mora da isprazni svoj štedni račun
14:17
to buy a few days
of rest and recovery and bonding.
of rest and recovery and bonding.
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da bi kupila nekoliko dana odmora,
oporavka i povezivanja.
oporavka i povezivanja.
14:21
Not one more fragile infant
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Nijedno više nežno novorođenče
ne bi trebalo da direktno ide
iz inkubatora u dnevni boravak
iz inkubatora u dnevni boravak
14:23
should have to go directly
from the incubator to day care
from the incubator to day care
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jer su roditelji potpuno iskoristili
svoje oskudno vreme
svoje oskudno vreme
14:26
because his parents have used up
all of their meager time
all of their meager time
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sedeći na odeljenju
za intenzivnu negu odojčadi.
za intenzivnu negu odojčadi.
14:29
sitting in the NICU.
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14:30
Not one more working family
should be told that the collision
should be told that the collision
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Nijednoj više porodici koja radi
ne bi trebalo da kažu da je sukob
ne bi trebalo da kažu da je sukob
14:33
of their work, their needed work
and their needed parenthood,
and their needed parenthood,
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njihovog neophodnog posla
i njihovog neophodnog roditeljstva
i njihovog neophodnog roditeljstva
14:38
is their problem alone.
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samo njihov problem.
14:40
The catch is that when this is happening
to a new family, it is consuming,
to a new family, it is consuming,
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Caka je u tome što, kada se ovo dešava
u novostvorenoj porodici,
u novostvorenoj porodici,
to je potpuno obuzima,
14:45
and a family with a new baby
is more financially vulnerable
is more financially vulnerable
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a porodica sa novorođenom bebom
je finansijski ranjivija
je finansijski ranjivija
nego ikada ranije,
14:48
than they've ever been before,
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14:49
so that new mother cannot afford
to speak up on her own behalf.
to speak up on her own behalf.
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tako da ta žena koja je odnedavno majka
ne može da priušti da priča u svoje ime.
ne može da priušti da priča u svoje ime.
Međutim, svi mi imamo glas.
14:53
But all of us have voices.
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Ja sam završila sa rađanjem beba,
14:55
I am done, done having babies,
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14:59
and you might be pre-baby,
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a vi ćete možda tek imati bebu,
15:01
you might be post-baby,
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možda ste već dobili bebu,
15:02
you might be no baby.
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možda nećete imati bebu.
15:04
It should not matter.
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To ne treba da bude važno.
Moramo da prestanemo
da ovo zamišljamo kao problem majke,
da ovo zamišljamo kao problem majke,
15:06
We have to stop framing this
as a mother's issue,
as a mother's issue,
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15:08
or even a women's issue.
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ili čak i kao ženski problem.
15:10
This is an American issue.
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Ovo je problem Amerike.
15:14
We need to stop buying the lie
that these images tell us.
that these images tell us.
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Moramo da prestanemo da nasedamo
na laž koju nam ove slike govore.
na laž koju nam ove slike govore.
Moramo da prestanemo da se tešimo njima.
15:17
We need to stop being comforted by them.
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Moramo da se zapitamo zašto nam kažu
da ovo ne može da funkcioniše
da ovo ne može da funkcioniše
15:20
We need to question
why we're told that this can't work
why we're told that this can't work
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15:22
when we see it work
everywhere all over the world.
everywhere all over the world.
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kada vidimo da funkcioniše
svuda širom sveta.
svuda širom sveta.
15:26
We need to recognize
that this American reality
that this American reality
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Moramo da prihvatimo
da ova stvarnost Amerike
da ova stvarnost Amerike
15:29
is to our dishonor and to our peril.
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ide na našu sramotu i štetu.
15:33
Because this is not,
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Jer ovo nije,
15:35
this is not,
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ovo nije,
ni ovo nije onako kako izgleda
zaposlena majka.
zaposlena majka.
15:37
and this is not
what a working mother looks like.
what a working mother looks like.
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(Aplauz)
15:42
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and authorJessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work.
Why you should listen
What do breastfeeding and paid leave for working mothers, sustainable eye care, hunger, green investing, giving shoes and the business case for LGBT equality have in common?
For Jessica Shortall, they have all been opportunities to change the world: challenges that need sustainable solutions and require a deep understanding of market forces, audiences, and cultures. They all require an intense dive into data, and they all benefit from powerful storytelling.
Shortall has provided strategy consulting to dozens of businesses, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and campaigns in the US, UK and beyond. Her first book, Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Guide to Surviving Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work, was inspired by her own experiences of circumnavigating the globe with a breast pump. She interviewed hundreds of working mothers and dozens of HR professionals to create a practical, relatable, judgment-free guide for women who want to try to continue breastfeeding after they've returned to work.
Shortall started her adult life as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Uzbekistan, and she haven't stopped searching for ways to change the world since, across non-profit and for-profit worlds. In the early 2000s, she co-founded and franchised a non-profit organization that is now active in more than 40 communities. In 2006, she received an MBA with honors from the University of Oxford, as a Skoll Scholar in Social Entrepreneurship. She went on to spend three years providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs. From 2009 to 2014, she was the first Director of Giving at TOMS Shoes, hired to build out the now-iconic One for One giving mission and strategy.
She currently lives in Dallas, TX with her husband Clay and her two children.
Jessica Shortall | Speaker | TED.com