TEDxSMU
Jessica Shortall: The US needs paid family leave -- for the sake of its future
杰西卡•肖托尔: 美国是如何辜负新晋父母和他们的宝宝的
Filmed:
Readability: 3.5
1,521,725 views
我们要求女性去工作，我们还要求工作的女性生孩子。那为什么美国不给工作的妈妈提供带薪产假呢？这样的国家可是少之又少了。在这次发人深省的演讲中，杰西卡•肖托尔揭露了美国职场新晋妈妈们面临的现实，这种现实不为人知而且非常可怕：每年有数百万女性，在刚生完孩子短短几周后，就被迫重返工作岗位。她认为，我们应该意识到，照顾工作的妈妈和她们的宝宝，需要付出经济、生理和心理代价，要保护我们未来的经济安全，就必须为工作的父母提供带薪产假。
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and author
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work. Full bio
Jessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What does a working mother look like?
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职场妈妈是什么样的？
00:15
If you ask the Internet,
this is what you'll be told.
this is what you'll be told.
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如果你在网上搜索，
得到的图片可能是这样的。
得到的图片可能是这样的。
00:18
Never mind that this is
what you'll actually produce
what you'll actually produce
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尽管你在屏幕上
敲出来的是这些东西，
敲出来的是这些东西，
00:22
if you attempt to work at a computer
with a baby on your lap.
with a baby on your lap.
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这就是当你抱着孩子
在电脑前工作的结果。
在电脑前工作的结果。
00:25
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:27
But no, this isn't a working mother.
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但是，这并不是一个
职场妈妈真正的样子。
职场妈妈真正的样子。
00:30
You'll notice a theme in these photos.
We'll look at a lot of them.
We'll look at a lot of them.
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一会儿我们还会展示一些照片，
你会发现一个共同点。
你会发现一个共同点。
那就是绝美的自然光线，
00:33
That theme is amazing natural lighting,
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00:36
which, as we all know,
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这一点，众所周知，
00:39
is the hallmark
of every American workplace.
of every American workplace.
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是美国办公场所的标志。
00:43
There are thousands of images like these.
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这样的照片有数千张之多。
00:46
Just put the term "working mother"
into any Google image search engine,
into any Google image search engine,
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只要将“职场妈妈”，
输入谷歌图片搜索引擎，
输入谷歌图片搜索引擎，
00:50
stock photo site.
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或者图片素材网站，就能找到。
00:51
They're all over the Internet,
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网上到处都是这样的照片，
无论是在知名博客中，
还是在新闻报道里，
还是在新闻报道里，
00:53
they're topping
blog posts and news pieces,
blog posts and news pieces,
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00:55
and I've become kind of obsessed with them
and the lie that they tell us
and the lie that they tell us
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这些照片让我感到不安，
因为它们在说谎，
因为它们在说谎，
00:59
and the comfort that they give us,
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它们在安慰我们，
01:01
that when it comes
to new working motherhood in America,
to new working motherhood in America,
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说美国那些返回工作岗位的妈妈们，
01:05
everything's fine.
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一切都很顺利。
01:07
But it's not fine.
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但事实并非如此。
01:08
As a country, we are sending
millions of women back to work
millions of women back to work
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美国每年让数百万
刚刚生完小孩的女性
刚刚生完小孩的女性
01:12
every year, incredibly
and kind of horrifically soon
and kind of horrifically soon
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立刻开始上班，
速度之快，令人震惊，
速度之快，令人震惊，
01:16
after they give birth.
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甚至有点可怕。
01:17
That's a moral problem
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这是一个道德问题，
01:19
but today I'm also going to tell you
why it's an economic problem.
why it's an economic problem.
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但今天我想讲讲
为什么这还是个经济问题。
为什么这还是个经济问题。
01:23
I got so annoyed and obsessed
with the unreality of these images,
with the unreality of these images,
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这些虚假的照片让我感觉很难受，
01:27
which look nothing like my life,
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因为它跟我的生活一点都不像，
01:29
that I recently decided to shoot and star
in a parody series of stock photos
in a parody series of stock photos
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于是我最近决定
自己来拍一组素材照片，
自己来拍一组素材照片，
01:34
that I hoped the world would start to use
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希望大家能开始使用，
01:36
just showing the really awkward reality
of going back to work
of going back to work
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我展示的都是新妈妈们
确实会遇到的尴尬情况，
确实会遇到的尴尬情况，
01:40
when your baby's food source
is attached to your body.
is attached to your body.
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因为婴儿的食物来源
是固定在妈妈身上的。
是固定在妈妈身上的。
01:45
I'm just going to show you two of them.
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下面我放其中的两张给大家看。
01:47
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
01:49
Nothing says "Give that girl a promotion"
like leaking breast milk
like leaking breast milk
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这个姑娘在做产品说明，
奶水透过裙子渗出来了，
奶水透过裙子渗出来了，
01:52
through your dress during a presentation.
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不会有人说，“让她升职吧”。
01:55
You'll notice that there's
no baby in this photo,
no baby in this photo,
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这张照片里并没有婴儿，
01:57
because that's not how this works,
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因为这才是现实，
02:00
not for most working mothers.
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大多数妈妈都不会带孩子去上班。
02:02
Did you know, and this will ruin your day,
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还有一件事，你们听了也许会疯掉，
02:04
that every time a toilet is flushed,
its contents are aerosolized
its contents are aerosolized
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每冲一次厕所，
脏东西会呈气雾化散开，
脏东西会呈气雾化散开，
02:07
and they'll stay airborne for hours?
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并在空气中悬浮几个小时。
02:10
And yet, for many new working mothers,
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而对于许多开始上班的新妈妈们而言，
02:13
this is the only place during the day
that they can find to make food
that they can find to make food
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厕所是她们白天唯一能找到的地方，
02:16
for their newborn babies.
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来为自己的宝宝准备食物。
02:18
I put these things,
a whole dozen of them, into the world.
a whole dozen of them, into the world.
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我拍了很多这样的照片，
好几十张，发到网上。
好几十张，发到网上。
02:22
I wanted to make a point.
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我原本只想表明一种态度。
02:24
I didn't know what I was also doing
was opening a door,
was opening a door,
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但没想到这件事引起了很大的反响，
02:27
because now, total strangers
from all walks of life
from all walks of life
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现在，来自各行各业的陌生人，
02:31
write to me all the time
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会不停地给我发邮件，
02:32
just to tell me what it's like
for them to go back to work
for them to go back to work
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与我分享自己
生完孩子数天或者数周后，
生完孩子数天或者数周后，
02:36
within days or weeks of having a baby.
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重返工作岗位的感受。
02:39
I'm going to share
10 of their stories with you today.
10 of their stories with you today.
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今天我想与大家分享其中的10个故事。
02:42
They are totally real,
some of them are very raw,
some of them are very raw,
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这些故事都是真实的，
有些还很残酷，
有些还很残酷，
02:45
and not one of them
looks anything like this.
looks anything like this.
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完全不像这张照片这么美好。
02:50
Here's the first.
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这是第一个。
02:52
"I was an active duty
service member at a federal prison.
service member at a federal prison.
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“我是联邦监狱一名现役狱警。
02:55
I returned to work after the maximum
allowed eight weeks for my C-section.
allowed eight weeks for my C-section.
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我在剖腹产后八周开始上班，
这是我能拿到的最长假期。
这是我能拿到的最长假期。
03:00
A male coworker was annoyed
that I had been out on 'vacation,'
that I had been out on 'vacation,'
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一名男同事对于我
“休了个长假”很不满意，
“休了个长假”很不满意，
03:04
so he intentionally opened the door on me
while I was pumping breast milk
while I was pumping breast milk
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于是他故意在我挤奶的时候打开门，
03:07
and stood in the doorway
with inmates in the hallway."
with inmates in the hallway."
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站在门口，身后还站着犯人。”
而大部分给我发邮件的女性，
完全陌生的女性，
完全陌生的女性，
03:11
Most of the stories that these women,
total strangers, send to me now,
total strangers, send to me now,
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甚至都没提到母乳喂养的事。
03:15
are not actually even about breastfeeding.
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03:17
A woman wrote to me to say,
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其中一个写到，
03:19
"I gave birth to twins and went back
to work after seven unpaid weeks.
to work after seven unpaid weeks.
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“我生了一对双胞胎，
在7周无薪假期后开始上班。
在7周无薪假期后开始上班。
03:24
Emotionally, I was a wreck.
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精神上，我的情绪崩溃了。
03:25
Physically, I had a severe hemorrhage
during labor, and major tearing,
during labor, and major tearing,
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生理上，我在生产过程中大出血，
还有严重撕裂伤，
还有严重撕裂伤，
03:30
so I could barely get up, sit or walk.
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我几乎起不来床，
也无法坐立或行走。
也无法坐立或行走。
03:33
My employer told me I wasn't allowed
to use my available vacation days
to use my available vacation days
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我老板告诉我，
我不能用自己的假期，
我不能用自己的假期，
03:36
because it was budget season."
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因为正赶上做预算的时期。”
03:39
I've come to believe that we can't look
situations like these in the eye
situations like these in the eye
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我开始相信，我们
无法接受这些情况，
无法接受这些情况，
03:44
because then we'd be horrified,
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因为这太可怕了，
03:46
and if we get horrified
then we have to do something about it.
then we have to do something about it.
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而当我们感到害怕时，
总会做点什么来避免。
总会做点什么来避免。
03:49
So we choose to look at,
and believe, this image.
and believe, this image.
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于是我们选择去浏览
并且相信这样的照片。
并且相信这样的照片。
03:53
I don't really know
what's going on in this picture,
what's going on in this picture,
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说实话，我看不懂这张照片，
总感觉哪里怪怪的，
甚至有点让我心里发毛。
甚至有点让我心里发毛。
03:55
because I find it weird
and slightly creepy.
and slightly creepy.
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03:58
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:59
Like, what is she doing?
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这女的到底在干嘛？
04:01
But I know what it tells us.
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但是我明白它的目的。
04:05
It tells us that everything's fine.
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它想告诉我们，一切都好。
04:07
This working mother, all working mothers
and all of their babies, are fine.
and all of their babies, are fine.
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这位职场妈妈，所有职场妈妈，
所有的婴儿，一切都好。
所有的婴儿，一切都好。
04:11
There's nothing to see here.
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没什么需要关注的。
04:13
And anyway, women have made a choice,
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而且，这是女性们自己做出的选择，
04:16
so none of it's even our problem.
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因此跟我们没什么关系。
04:19
I want to break this choice thing
down into two parts.
down into two parts.
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我想把这里的“选择”分成两部分。
04:22
The first choice says
that women have chosen to work.
that women have chosen to work.
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第一，是女性自己选择了去工作。
04:25
So, that's not true.
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然而并非如此。
04:28
Today in America, women make up
47 percent of the workforce,
47 percent of the workforce,
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如今的美国，47%的劳动力是女性，
04:33
and in 40 percent of American households
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在40%的美国家庭中间，
04:35
a woman is the sole
or primary breadwinner.
or primary breadwinner.
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女性是唯一的或者主要的经济来源。
04:38
Our paid work is a part, a huge part,
of the engine of this economy,
of the engine of this economy,
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女性的有偿劳动是美国经济引擎的
一个零件，很重要的零件，
一个零件，很重要的零件，
04:43
and it is essential
for the engines of our families.
for the engines of our families.
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也是我们家庭经济引擎的必要零件。
04:46
On a national level,
our paid work is not optional.
our paid work is not optional.
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从国家层面来说，女性的
有偿劳动是必须的。
有偿劳动是必须的。
04:50
Choice number two says that women
are choosing to have babies,
are choosing to have babies,
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第二，是女性自己选择了生孩子，
04:53
so women alone should bear
the consequences of those choices.
the consequences of those choices.
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因此女性应该独自承担后果。
04:58
You know, that's one of those things
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这话乍一听，
05:00
that when you hear it in passing,
can sound correct.
can sound correct.
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似乎还有点道理。
05:02
I didn't make you have a baby.
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“我又没强迫你生孩子。
05:03
I certainly wasn't there
when that happened.
when that happened.
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这事儿跟我没关系。”
05:06
But that stance
ignores a fundamental truth,
ignores a fundamental truth,
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但是这种态度忽略了一个基本事实，
05:12
which is that our procreation
on a national scale is not optional.
on a national scale is not optional.
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就是生育这件事，
从国家层面来说是必须的。
从国家层面来说是必须的。
05:17
The babies that women, many of them
working women, are having today,
working women, are having today,
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女性们——其中很多是职场女性
——今天生下的孩子，
——今天生下的孩子，
05:21
will one day fill our workforce,
protect our shores,
protect our shores,
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将来会成为劳动力，成为军人，
05:24
make up our tax base.
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成为纳税人。
05:26
Our procreation
on a national scale is not optional.
on a national scale is not optional.
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因此，从国家层面来说，
生育是必须的。
生育是必须的。
05:30
These aren't choices.
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没法进行选择。
05:32
We need women to work.
We need working women to have babies.
We need working women to have babies.
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我们需要女性去工作。
我们还需要工作的女性生孩子。
我们还需要工作的女性生孩子。
这两件事我们同时需要，
那我们至少要保证
那我们至少要保证
05:36
So we should make
doing those things at the same time
doing those things at the same time
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05:38
at least palatable, right?
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这是可行的，对吧？
05:40
OK, this is pop quiz time:
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好，下面是小测验时间：
05:43
what percentage of working
women in America do you think
women in America do you think
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你们觉得在美国，
有多少比例的职场女性
有多少比例的职场女性
05:46
have no access to paid maternity leave?
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没办法取得带薪产假？
05:51
88 percent.
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88%。
05:53
88 percent of working mothers
will not get one minute of paid leave
will not get one minute of paid leave
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88%的职场女性在生完孩子后
05:57
after they have a baby.
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得不到带薪产假。
05:58
So now you're thinking about unpaid leave.
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你也许会问，那不带薪的产假呢？
06:02
It exists in America.
It's called FMLA. It does not work.
It's called FMLA. It does not work.
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这在美国是有的，叫做
《家庭与医疗休假法案》。但是没什么用。
《家庭与医疗休假法案》。但是没什么用。
06:05
Because of the way it's structured,
all kinds of exceptions,
all kinds of exceptions,
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因为它的规定里有很多限制，
06:08
half of new mothers are ineligible for it.
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有一半的新妈妈根本达不到标准。
06:12
Here's what that looks like.
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比如有下面这样的情况。
06:16
"We adopted our son.
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“我们的儿子是收养的。
06:18
When I got the call, the day he was born,
I had to take off work.
I had to take off work.
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他出生那天，我接到电话，需要请假。
06:22
I had not been there long enough
to qualify for FMLA,
to qualify for FMLA,
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我在公司工作的时间还不够长，
不适用《家庭与医疗休假法案》，
不适用《家庭与医疗休假法案》，
06:25
so I wasn't eligible for unpaid leave.
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因此无法享受不带薪休假。
06:28
When I took time off
to meet my newborn son,
to meet my newborn son,
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当我去见完我刚出生的儿子后，
06:30
I lost my job."
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我被开除了。”
06:33
These corporate stock photos
hide another reality, another layer.
hide another reality, another layer.
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这些素材照片还隐藏了
另一件事实，
另一件事实，
06:38
Of those who do have access
to just that unpaid leave,
to just that unpaid leave,
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那些按规定可以享受
不带薪假期的女性，
不带薪假期的女性，
06:42
most women can't afford
to take much of it at all.
to take much of it at all.
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却又无法承受长时间的休假。
06:45
A nurse told me, "I didn't qualify
for short-term disability
for short-term disability
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一位护士对我讲，“我不符合
短期无劳动能力的标准，
短期无劳动能力的标准，
06:49
because my pregnancy
was considered a preexisting condition.
was considered a preexisting condition.
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因为我怀孕这件事发生在前。
06:53
We used up all of our tax returns
and half of our savings
and half of our savings
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我花光了所有的退还税款
和一半的积蓄，
和一半的积蓄，
06:55
during my six unpaid weeks.
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用来支付我6周无薪假期的支出。
06:57
We just couldn't manage any longer.
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时间再长我们就撑不住了。
06:59
Physically it was hard,
but emotionally it was worse.
but emotionally it was worse.
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首先身体就吃不消，
精神压力也让我濒临崩溃。
精神压力也让我濒临崩溃。
07:02
I struggled for months
being away from my son."
being away from my son."
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离开我儿子（去上班）
让我难受了好几个月。”
让我难受了好几个月。”
07:05
So this decision
to go back to work so early,
to go back to work so early,
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因此，早些返回工作岗位，
07:08
it's a rational economic decision
driven by family finances,
driven by family finances,
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是由家庭经济状况决定的，
看起来合情合理，
看起来合情合理，
07:12
but it's often physically horrific
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但对于（产后妇女的）
身体而言太可怕了，
身体而言太可怕了，
07:14
because putting a human
into the world is messy.
into the world is messy.
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因为她们还没有完全恢复。
07:18
A waitress told me,
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一位女服务员告诉我，
07:19
"With my first baby, I was back
at work five weeks postpartum.
at work five weeks postpartum.
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“生完第一个小孩，
我5周后回去上班。
我5周后回去上班。
07:23
With my second, I had to have
major surgery after giving birth,
major surgery after giving birth,
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而生完第二个，
我在产后动了个大手术，
我在产后动了个大手术，
07:26
so I waited until six weeks to go back.
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我休息了6周才重新开始上班。
07:29
I had third degree tears."
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我当时有三度撕裂。”
07:32
23 percent of new
working mothers in America
working mothers in America
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在美国，有23%的母亲
07:35
will be back on the job
within two weeks of giving birth.
within two weeks of giving birth.
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生完孩子后2周内就开始上班。
07:42
"I worked as a bartender and cook,
average of 75 hours a week while pregnant.
average of 75 hours a week while pregnant.
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“我是一名酒吧招待和厨师，
怀孕期间平均每周工作75小时，
怀孕期间平均每周工作75小时，
07:47
I had to return to work
before my baby was a month old,
before my baby was a month old,
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我不得不在孩子满月前回去上班，
07:49
working 60 hours a week.
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每周工作60小时。
07:51
One of my coworkers was only able
to afford 10 days off with her baby."
to afford 10 days off with her baby."
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而我的一个同事只能拿到10天的产假。”
07:56
Of course, this isn't just a scenario
with economic and physical implications.
with economic and physical implications.
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毫无疑问，（生孩子）不仅仅会影响
经济状况和身体健康。
经济状况和身体健康。
08:00
Childbirth is, and always will be,
an enormous psychological event.
an enormous psychological event.
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同时，无论是现在还是将来，
它也会对心理造成巨大影响。
它也会对心理造成巨大影响。
08:06
A teacher told me,
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一位老师告诉我，
08:08
"I returned to work
eight weeks after my son was born.
eight weeks after my son was born.
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“我是在儿子出生后8周开始上班的。
08:11
I already suffer from anxiety,
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本来我就够焦虑了，
08:13
but the panic attacks I had prior
to returning to work were unbearable."
to returning to work were unbearable."
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但重返工作岗位的恐慌
简直让我难以承受。”
简直让我难以承受。”
08:18
Statistically speaking,
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从统计学角度来讲，
08:20
the shorter a woman's leave
after having a baby,
after having a baby,
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妇女的产假越短，
08:23
the more likely she will be to suffer
from postpartum mood disorders
from postpartum mood disorders
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她出现产后情绪失调的
可能性就越大，
可能性就越大，
08:26
like depression and anxiety,
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比如抑郁和焦虑，
08:28
and among many potential
consequences of those disorders,
consequences of those disorders,
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而在情绪失调
可能带来的诸多后果中，
可能带来的诸多后果中，
08:32
suicide is the second
most common cause of death
most common cause of death
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自杀的比例很高，
它在妇女产后一年内死亡原因中
它在妇女产后一年内死亡原因中
08:35
in a woman's first year postpartum.
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排在第二。
08:39
Heads up that this next story --
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请注意听下面这个故事——
08:40
I've never met this woman,
but I find it hard to get through.
but I find it hard to get through.
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我没见过这位女士，
但她的故事让我难以释怀。
但她的故事让我难以释怀。
08:45
"I feel tremendous grief and rage
that I lost an essential,
that I lost an essential,
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“我感到强烈的悲伤和愤怒，
因为我失去了
因为我失去了
08:49
irreplaceable and formative
time with my son.
time with my son.
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与我儿子相处的关键的成长时期，
这段时间是无法弥补的。
这段时间是无法弥补的。
08:53
Labor and delivery
left me feeling absolutely broken.
left me feeling absolutely broken.
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分娩和生育的过程
让我筋疲力竭。
让我筋疲力竭。
08:56
For months, all I remember
is the screaming: colic, they said.
is the screaming: colic, they said.
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几个月来，我一直忍不住因为腹痛
而大声呻吟，他们说这是疝气。
而大声呻吟，他们说这是疝气。
09:01
On the inside, I was drowning.
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我的内心已经濒临崩溃。
09:03
Every morning, I asked myself
how much longer I could do it.
how much longer I could do it.
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每天早晨，我都问自己还能坚持多久。
09:07
I was allowed to bring my baby to work.
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我可以带着宝宝去上班。
09:10
I closed my office door
while I rocked and shushed
while I rocked and shushed
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当他哭闹时，我别无他法，
只能关上办公室的门，
只能关上办公室的门，
09:13
and begged him to stop screaming
so I wouldn't get in trouble.
so I wouldn't get in trouble.
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求他停止哭闹，免得我丢了工作。
09:17
I hid behind that office door
every damn day
every damn day
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我每天都躲在那扇该死的门背后，
09:19
and cried while he screamed.
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一边哭泣一边听他哭闹。
09:21
I cried in the bathroom
while I washed out the pump equipment.
while I washed out the pump equipment.
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我在洗手间
清洗挤奶器的时候也在流泪。
清洗挤奶器的时候也在流泪。
09:25
Every day, I cried all the way to work
and all the way home again.
and all the way home again.
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每一天，无论上班还是在家
我都只能以泪洗面。
我都只能以泪洗面。
09:28
I promised my boss that the work
I didn't get done during the day,
I didn't get done during the day,
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我向老板保证，
白天没干完的工作，
白天没干完的工作，
晚上我会在家里补上。
09:31
I'd make up at night from home.
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09:33
I thought, there's just something
wrong with me that I can't swing this."
wrong with me that I can't swing this."
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我想，自己肯定出什么问题了，
而且我自己无法解决。”
而且我自己无法解决。”
09:38
So those are the mothers.
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妈妈们是这种情况。
09:41
What of the babies?
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那宝宝们呢？
09:42
As a country, do we care
about the millions of babies
about the millions of babies
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作为一个国家，我们对于
职场女性每年生育的
职场女性每年生育的
09:45
born every year to working mothers?
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数百万婴儿是否关心呢？
09:47
I say we don't,
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我认为做得不够，
09:48
not until they're of working
and tax-paying and military-serving age.
and tax-paying and military-serving age.
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3456
我们的关心是从他们可以
工作，纳税，服役时才开始的。
工作，纳税，服役时才开始的。
09:52
We tell them we'll see them in 18 years,
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我们对孩子们说，
等你们满18岁再说吧，
等你们满18岁再说吧，
09:54
and getting there is kind of on them.
188
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1762
在那之前你们得靠自己。
09:57
One of the reasons I know this
is that babies whose mothers
is that babies whose mothers
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2762
为什么说这些，原因之一是，
那些可以在家陪伴宝宝
那些可以在家陪伴宝宝
10:00
have 12 or more weeks at home with them
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12周或者更久的妈妈们，
10:02
are more likely to get their vaccinations
and their well checks in their first year,
and their well checks in their first year,
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3976
在孩子一岁前，会更倾向于给宝宝打疫苗，
并且更关注宝宝的健康，
并且更关注宝宝的健康，
10:06
so those babies are more protected
from deadly and disabling diseases.
from deadly and disabling diseases.
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因此这些宝宝们被保护得更好，
不易夭折，也不易患病致残。
不易夭折，也不易患病致残。
10:11
But those things are hidden
behind images like this.
behind images like this.
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但这些事实都被隐藏在
类似这样的照片背后。
类似这样的照片背后。
10:18
America has a message for new mothers
who work and for their babies.
who work and for their babies.
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美国对当了妈妈的职场女性
以及她们的宝宝传递这样的信息。
以及她们的宝宝传递这样的信息。
10:23
Whatever time you get together,
you should be grateful for it,
you should be grateful for it,
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无论你的产假是长是短，
都应该心怀感激，
都应该心怀感激，
10:27
and you're an inconvenience
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2736
而且你要意识到，你休产假
10:30
to the economy and to your employers.
197
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3016
给经济发展和你的雇主带来了不便。
10:33
That narrative of gratitude
runs through a lot of the stories I hear.
runs through a lot of the stories I hear.
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这种满怀谢意的话，
我在许多故事中都能听到。
我在许多故事中都能听到。
10:37
A woman told me,
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一位女士告诉我，
10:39
"I went back at eight weeks
after my C-section
after my C-section
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2176
“我在剖腹产后休息了8周就上班了，
10:41
because my husband was out of work.
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1816
因为我丈夫没有工作。
10:43
Without me, my daughter
had failure to thrive.
had failure to thrive.
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我不在身边，女儿过得很不好。
10:46
She wouldn't take a bottle.
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1296
她不愿意喝奶粉。
10:47
She started losing weight.
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1616
体重开始下降。
10:49
Thankfully, my manager
was very understanding.
was very understanding.
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2816
好在我的经理非常理解我。
10:52
He let my mom bring my baby,
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1536
他让我母亲带着宝宝来公司，
10:53
who was on oxygen and a monitor,
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2296
当时宝宝还输着氧，带着监视器，
10:56
four times a shift so I could nurse her."
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这样我在上班期间能照顾她。”
10:59
There's a little club
of countries in the world
of countries in the world
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3376
世界上只有少数几个国家，
11:03
that offer no national
paid leave to new mothers.
paid leave to new mothers.
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3856
没有实行全民带薪产假。
11:07
Care to guess who they are?
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能猜到都有哪些国家吗？
11:09
The first eight make up eight million
in total population.
in total population.
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3936
前8个国家加起来只有800万人口。
11:13
They are Papua New Guinea,
Suriname and the tiny island nations
Suriname and the tiny island nations
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3496
有巴布亚新几内亚，苏里南
和几个小的岛国，
和几个小的岛国，
11:17
of Micronesia, Marshall Islands,
Nauru, Niue, Palau and Tonga.
Nauru, Niue, Palau and Tonga.
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包括密克罗尼西亚，马绍尔群岛，
还有瑙鲁，纽埃，帕劳和汤加。
还有瑙鲁，纽埃，帕劳和汤加。
11:23
Number nine is
the United States of America,
the United States of America,
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第9个就是美利坚合众国，
11:25
with 320 million people.
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2080
拥有3亿2千万人口。
11:29
Oh, that's it.
217
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哦，后面没有了。
11:31
That's the end of the list.
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美国是名单上最后一个。
11:34
Every other economy on the planet
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1616
这个星球上所有其他国家，
11:35
has found a way to make some level
of national paid leave work
of national paid leave work
220
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3896
都有全民带薪产假，时间有长有短，
11:39
for the people doing the work
of the future of those countries,
of the future of those countries,
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来照顾那些为了国家的未来
在工作，在生育的人们，
在工作，在生育的人们，
11:42
but we say,
"We couldn't possibly do that."
"We couldn't possibly do that."
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而我们却说，“我们可能办不到。”
11:46
We say that the market
will solve this problem,
will solve this problem,
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我们认为市场可以解决这个问题，
11:49
and then we cheer when corporations
offer even more paid leave to the women
offer even more paid leave to the women
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4336
大公司们给女士们更多带薪产假，
我们欢欣鼓舞，
我们欢欣鼓舞，
11:53
who are already the highest-educated
and highest-paid among us.
and highest-paid among us.
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这些女士们原本
就接受了最好的教育，拿着最高的薪水。
就接受了最好的教育，拿着最高的薪水。
11:57
Remember that 88 percent?
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还记得之前说的88%吗？
11:58
Those middle- and low-income women
are not going to participate in that.
are not going to participate in that.
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3840
那些中低收入的女性
根本无法享受这些。
根本无法享受这些。
12:03
We know that there are staggering
economic, financial, physical
economic, financial, physical
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我们明白，要改变这一点，
需要我们从经济、财政、生理和心理
需要我们从经济、财政、生理和心理
12:09
and emotional costs to this approach.
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各方面都做好充分的准备。
12:11
We have decided --
decided, not an accident,
decided, not an accident,
230
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于是我们决定——是决定，
不是意外发生的，
不是意外发生的，
12:15
to pass these costs directly
on to working mothers and their babies.
on to working mothers and their babies.
231
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将这些负担直接转移到
职场女性和她们的宝宝身上。
职场女性和她们的宝宝身上。
12:19
We know the price tag is higher
for low-income women,
for low-income women,
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我们知道这些负担对那些
低收入的女性们更加沉重，
低收入的女性们更加沉重，
12:22
therefore disproportionately
for women of color.
for women of color.
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对于非白人女性更是如此。
12:25
We pass them on anyway.
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2456
但我们依然这样做了。
12:27
All of this is to America's shame.
235
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2616
这一切是美国的耻辱。
12:30
But it's also to America's risk.
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3896
但同时也让美国陷入了巨大的风险。
12:34
Because what would happen
237
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1896
因为，如果有一天，
12:36
if all of these individual
so-called choices to have babies
so-called choices to have babies
238
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所有这些“选择”要孩子的人
12:40
started to turn into individual choices
not to have babies.
not to have babies.
239
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4000
开始选择不要孩子，会怎么样呢？
12:45
One woman told me,
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1696
一位女士对我说，
12:47
"New motherhood is hard.
It shouldn't be traumatic.
It shouldn't be traumatic.
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“新时代的妈妈不好当。
本不应如此痛苦的。
本不应如此痛苦的。
12:50
When we talk about expanding
our family now,
our family now,
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当我们计划再要一个小孩时，
12:52
we focus on how much time I would have
to care for myself and a new baby.
to care for myself and a new baby.
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考虑得最多的是我能有
多少时间来照顾自己和宝宝。
多少时间来照顾自己和宝宝。
12:56
If we were to have to do it again
the same way as with our first,
the same way as with our first,
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如果还跟生老大的时候一样，
13:00
we might stick with one kid."
245
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1640
那我们宁愿只生一个。”
13:03
The birthrate needed in America
to keep the population stable
to keep the population stable
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2896
如果要保持美国的人口稳定，
每位女性平均要生2.1个孩子。
13:06
is 2.1 live births per woman.
247
774720
2136
13:08
In America today, we are at 1.86.
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3976
而美国现在的数字是1.86。
13:12
We need women to have babies,
249
780880
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我们需要女性生育孩子，
13:15
and we are actively disincentivizing
working women from doing that.
working women from doing that.
250
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而我们却没有为她们
创造充分的条件来实现它。
创造充分的条件来实现它。
13:19
What would happen to work force,
to innovation, to GDP,
to innovation, to GDP,
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如果职场女性一个个都觉得
13:23
if one by one, the working mothers
of this country were to decide
of this country were to decide
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自己无法承受再要一个孩子，
13:27
that they can't bear
to do this thing more than once?
to do this thing more than once?
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这对劳动力、创新、
国内生产总值意味着什么？
国内生产总值意味着什么？
13:31
I'm here today with only
one idea worth spreading,
one idea worth spreading,
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我今天就想表达一个观点，
13:35
and you've guessed what it is.
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你们应该已经猜到了。
13:37
It is long since time
for the most powerful country on Earth
for the most powerful country on Earth
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作为地球上最强大的国家，
13:41
to offer national paid leave
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美国早就应该推行全民带薪产假了，
13:43
to the people doing the work
of the future of this country
of the future of this country
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这不单是为了
在为美国的未来拼搏的妈妈们，
在为美国的未来拼搏的妈妈们，
13:45
and to the babies
who represent that future.
who represent that future.
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也为了代表美国未来的宝宝们。
13:48
Childbirth is a public good.
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生育是一项公益事业。
13:50
This leave should be state-subsidized.
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产假应由国家来补贴。
13:53
It should have no exceptions
for small businesses,
for small businesses,
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应一视同仁，无论公司大小，
13:56
length of employment or entrepreneurs.
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工作年限长短或者老板是谁。
13:58
It should be able
to be shared between partners.
to be shared between partners.
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应该能由伴侣双方共享。
14:00
I've talked today a lot about mothers,
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我今天讲的大部分都是妈妈，
14:02
but co-parents matter on so many levels.
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但是伴侣中的另一半同样非常重要。
14:07
Not one more woman
should have to go back to work
should have to go back to work
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不要再让任何女性
一瘸一拐，还流着血
一瘸一拐，还流着血
14:10
while she is hobbling and bleeding.
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就去上班了。
14:13
Not one more family should have
to drain their savings account
to drain their savings account
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不要再让任何家庭花光积蓄，
14:17
to buy a few days
of rest and recovery and bonding.
of rest and recovery and bonding.
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仅仅为了能多休息几天，调养身体。
14:21
Not one more fragile infant
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不要再让任何脆弱的婴儿
14:23
should have to go directly
from the incubator to day care
from the incubator to day care
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直接从保温箱转到托儿所，
14:26
because his parents have used up
all of their meager time
all of their meager time
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仅仅因为他的父母
将仅有的那一点点假期都用于
将仅有的那一点点假期都用于
14:29
sitting in the NICU.
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守候在新生儿重症监护室。
14:30
Not one more working family
should be told that the collision
should be told that the collision
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不要再对任何家庭说，
14:33
of their work, their needed work
and their needed parenthood,
and their needed parenthood,
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他们作为员工和父母
这两种身份的矛盾，
这两种身份的矛盾，
14:38
is their problem alone.
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只能由他们自己解决。
14:40
The catch is that when this is happening
to a new family, it is consuming,
to a new family, it is consuming,
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问题在于当这一切发生在
一个新家庭时，会很让人伤脑筋，
一个新家庭时，会很让人伤脑筋，
14:45
and a family with a new baby
is more financially vulnerable
is more financially vulnerable
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有新生儿的家庭的财政状况
14:48
than they've ever been before,
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比以往任何时候都脆弱，
14:49
so that new mother cannot afford
to speak up on her own behalf.
to speak up on her own behalf.
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因此新妈妈没办法站出来
为自己的利益发声。
为自己的利益发声。
14:53
But all of us have voices.
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但我们可以发声。
14:55
I am done, done having babies,
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我已经生完孩子了，不想再要了，
14:59
and you might be pre-baby,
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你可能准备要孩子，
15:01
you might be post-baby,
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你可能要完孩子了，
15:02
you might be no baby.
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你可能不打算要孩子。
15:04
It should not matter.
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这都没关系。
15:06
We have to stop framing this
as a mother's issue,
as a mother's issue,
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我们不该仅仅把它看作是妈妈的事，
15:08
or even a women's issue.
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或者女性的事。
15:10
This is an American issue.
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这是全美国的事。
15:14
We need to stop buying the lie
that these images tell us.
that these images tell us.
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我们应该停止相信这些骗人的照片。
15:17
We need to stop being comforted by them.
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我们应该停止从中获得安慰。
15:20
We need to question
why we're told that this can't work
why we're told that this can't work
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我们应该质疑，为什么美国做不到，
15:22
when we see it work
everywhere all over the world.
everywhere all over the world.
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而其他国家都能做到。
15:26
We need to recognize
that this American reality
that this American reality
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我们应该意识到，美国的这一现实，
15:29
is to our dishonor and to our peril.
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对我们而言是耻辱和危险。
15:33
Because this is not,
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因为这不是，
15:35
this is not,
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这也不是，
15:37
and this is not
what a working mother looks like.
what a working mother looks like.
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这些都不是，职场妈妈真实的样子。
15:42
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Shortall - Strategy consultant, social entrepreneur and authorJessica Shortall is a working mom of two and author of Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work.
Why you should listen
What do breastfeeding and paid leave for working mothers, sustainable eye care, hunger, green investing, giving shoes and the business case for LGBT equality have in common?
For Jessica Shortall, they have all been opportunities to change the world: challenges that need sustainable solutions and require a deep understanding of market forces, audiences, and cultures. They all require an intense dive into data, and they all benefit from powerful storytelling.
Shortall has provided strategy consulting to dozens of businesses, social enterprises, non-profit organizations and campaigns in the US, UK and beyond. Her first book, Work. Pump. Repeat: The New Mom's Guide to Surviving Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work, was inspired by her own experiences of circumnavigating the globe with a breast pump. She interviewed hundreds of working mothers and dozens of HR professionals to create a practical, relatable, judgment-free guide for women who want to try to continue breastfeeding after they've returned to work.
Shortall started her adult life as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Uzbekistan, and she haven't stopped searching for ways to change the world since, across non-profit and for-profit worlds. In the early 2000s, she co-founded and franchised a non-profit organization that is now active in more than 40 communities. In 2006, she received an MBA with honors from the University of Oxford, as a Skoll Scholar in Social Entrepreneurship. She went on to spend three years providing consulting services to social entrepreneurs. From 2009 to 2014, she was the first Director of Giving at TOMS Shoes, hired to build out the now-iconic One for One giving mission and strategy.
She currently lives in Dallas, TX with her husband Clay and her two children.
Jessica Shortall | Speaker | TED.com