TEDWomen 2010
Joan Halifax: Compassion and the true meaning of empathy
琼・哈利法克斯：慈悲心与感同身受的真正涵义
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佛教徒琼・哈利法克斯从事的工作是为临终前的人们送行（无论是在安养院还是面对死刑犯）。她与我们分享在面对死亡时她对慈悲心的认识和她对感同身受的深刻体会。
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I want to address the issue of compassion.
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我想探讨慈悲心这个话题
00:18
Compassion has many faces.
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慈悲心有很多形态
00:21
Some of them are fierce; some of them are wrathful;
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有些是激烈的；有些是忿怒的
00:24
some of them are tender; some of them are wise.
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有些是温和的, 有些是智慧的
00:27
A line that the Dalai Lama once said,
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达赖喇嘛曾说过
00:30
he said, "Love and compassion are necessities.
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他说：“爱与慈悲是必需品
00:33
They are not luxuries.
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它们不是奢侈品
00:36
Without them,
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没有它们
00:38
humanity cannot survive."
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人性无法留存。”
00:40
And I would suggest,
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我想说的是
00:42
it is not only humanity that won't survive,
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不仅人性难以保全
00:45
but it is all species on the planet,
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我们今天所知道的
00:47
as we've heard today.
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地球上所有的物种都是
00:49
It is the big cats,
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不论是大型猫科动物
00:51
and it's the plankton.
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还是浮游生物
00:54
Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore in India.
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两周前，我在印度的班加罗尔
00:57
I was so privileged
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我很荣幸的
00:59
to be able to teach in a hospice
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在班加罗尔的郊区
01:02
on the outskirts of Bangalore.
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一个安养院教授临终关怀
01:04
And early in the morning,
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每天很早
01:06
I went into the ward.
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我就去病房
01:08
In that hospice,
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在那家安养院
01:10
there were 31 men and women
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有31个人
01:12
who were actively dying.
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处在濒死状态
01:14
And I walked up to the bedside
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我走到
01:16
of an old woman
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一个老年妇女的床前
01:18
who was breathing very rapidly, fragile,
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她的呼吸非常急促而微弱
01:21
obviously in the latter phase
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很明显
01:23
of active dying.
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她处于濒死的末期
01:26
I looked into her face.
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我看着她的脸
01:28
I looked into the face
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看着坐在她旁边
01:30
of her son sitting next to her,
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她儿子的脸
01:32
and his face was just riven
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他的脸
01:34
with grief and confusion.
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溢满了悲伤和困惑
01:37
And I remembered
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我记得
01:40
a line from the Mahabharata,
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摩诃婆罗多
01:43
the great Indian epic:
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伟大的印度史诗里有这么一段话：
01:46
"What is the most wondrous thing in the world, Yudhisthira?"
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“尤帝士提尔，什么是这世上最美妙的事情？”
01:51
And Yudhisthira replied,
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尤帝士提尔答道
01:53
"The most wondrous thing in the world
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“世上最美妙的事情
01:56
is that all around us
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就是我们所有人
01:59
people can be dying
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都将死去
02:01
and we don't realize
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而我们对此
02:03
it can happen to us."
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却一无所知。”
02:13
I looked up.
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我仰起头
02:17
Tending those 31 dying people
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照顾这31个濒死者的
02:20
were young women
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是来自
02:22
from villages around Bangalore.
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班加罗尔周边村子的年轻女性
02:24
I looked into the face of one of these women,
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我看着她们的脸
02:27
and I saw in her face
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在她们的脸上
02:30
the strength that arises
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我看到
02:32
when natural compassion is really present.
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慈悲显现时升起的力量
02:35
I watched her hands
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我看着她的手
02:37
as she bathed an old man.
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她在给一个老年男人沐浴
02:41
My gaze went to another young woman
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我转头望向另一个年轻女子
02:45
as she wiped the face
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她在擦拭
02:48
of another dying person.
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另一位临死的人的脸
02:50
And it reminded me
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这让我想起
02:52
of something that I had just been present for.
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我刚刚演讲提到的那些内容
02:54
Every year or so,
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差不多每一年
02:56
I have the privilege of taking clinicians
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我由此荣幸身负使命
02:58
into the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.
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进入喜马拉雅地区和西藏高原
03:01
And we run clinics
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我们在每一个遥远的区域
03:03
in these very remote regions
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开设诊所
03:05
where there's no medical care whatsoever.
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那里没有医疗护理此类
03:08
And on the first day at Simikot in Humla,
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我们在胡姆拉的Simikot的头一天
03:12
far west of Nepal,
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在尼泊尔的最西端
03:14
the most impoverished region of Nepal,
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全国最贫困的地区
03:17
an old man came in
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一个抱着一堆破烂布片的老人
03:19
clutching a bundle of rags.
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走进来
03:22
And he walked in, and somebody said something to him,
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他进了门，有人招呼他
03:25
we realized he was deaf,
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然后我们发现他是耳聋
03:27
and we looked into the rags,
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我们看看那堆布片
03:29
and there was this pair of eyes.
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里头露出一双眼睛来
03:32
The rags were unwrapped
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打开裹着的布片
03:34
from a little girl
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是一个
03:36
whose body was massively burned.
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重度烧伤的女孩
03:41
Again,
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再一次
03:43
the eyes and hands
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观世音的
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of Avalokiteshvara.
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眼睛和慈悲之手显现
03:47
It was the young women, the health aids,
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也就是那些年轻女性，援助者
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who cleaned the wounds of this baby
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清理孩子的伤口
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and dressed the wounds.
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并包扎上
03:55
I know those hands and eyes;
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我认识那些手和眼睛
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they touched me as well.
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它们也曾经抚慰过我
03:59
They touched me at that time.
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它们在过去抚慰过我
04:01
They have touched me throughout my 68 years.
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在我68年生命中抚慰了我
04:04
They touched me when I was four
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在我四岁失去视力
04:06
and I lost my eyesight
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几乎瘫痪的时候
04:08
and was partially paralyzed.
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它们抚慰了我
04:10
And my family brought in
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我的家人带来
04:12
a woman whose mother had been a slave
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一个女人，她的母亲曾经是个奴隶
04:14
to take care of me.
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她照顾我
04:17
And that woman
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这个女人
04:19
did not have sentimental compassion.
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并没有感性的慈悲心
04:21
She had phenomenal strength.
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她有的是非凡的力量
04:24
And it was really her strength, I believe,
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我相信,是她的力量
04:26
that became the kind of mudra and imprimatur
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成为一种启发与指引
04:29
that has been a guiding light in my life.
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是我生命中的指明灯
04:33
So we can ask:
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我们问道：
04:36
What is compassion comprised of?
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慈悲是什么构成的？
04:40
And there are various facets.
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答案包含很多方面
04:42
And there's referential and non-referential compassion.
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有指代性的和非指代性的
04:45
But first, compassion is comprised
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但首先，慈悲是
04:47
of that capacity
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透彻观照
04:49
to see clearly
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苦难之存在的
04:51
into the nature of suffering.
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能力构成
04:53
It is that ability
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这种能力
04:55
to really stand strong
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让我们保持坚强
04:57
and to recognize also
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并让我们意识到
04:59
that I'm not separate from this suffering.
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我是这苦难的一部分
05:01
But that is not enough,
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但这不够
05:03
because compassion,
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因为慈悲心
05:05
which activates the motor cortex,
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激发运动皮质层
05:07
means that we aspire,
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也就是说我们受到激励
05:10
we actually aspire to transform suffering.
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被激励着去化解苦难
05:13
And if we're so blessed,
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如果我们足够幸运的话
05:15
we engage in activities
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我们从事的活动
05:17
that transform suffering.
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能化解苦难
05:19
But compassion has another component,
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但慈悲心有另一个组成部分
05:21
and that component is really essential.
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这个部分非常重要
05:24
That component
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这就是
05:26
is that we cannot be attached to outcome.
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我们不应该耽于结果
05:29
Now I worked with dying people
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如今，我已为
05:32
for over 40 years.
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临死的人们工作了40余年
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I had the privilege of working on death row
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我曾有幸 在最大限度安全保证下
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in a maximum security [prison] for six years.
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为死刑犯工作了六个年头
05:41
And I realized so clearly
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我清楚的认识到
05:43
in bringing my own life experience,
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在我的个人生活经历中
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from working with dying people
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为临死之人工作
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and training caregivers,
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以及培训护理者的个人生活中
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that any attachment to outcome
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任何耽于结果的感情
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would distort deeply
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只会深深影响
05:54
my own capacity to be fully present
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我自己的
05:57
to the whole catastrophe.
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面对大苦难的能力
06:00
And when I worked in the prison system,
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在我为监狱系统工作时
06:02
it was so clear to me, this:
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我很清楚：
06:05
that many of us
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这个屋子里
06:07
in this room,
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很多人
06:09
and almost all of the men that I worked with on death row,
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还有几乎所有与我一起为死刑犯共事过的人
06:12
the seeds of their own compassion had never been watered.
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他们的慈悲之火种从未被扑灭
06:15
That compassion is actually
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这种慈悲
06:17
an inherent human quality.
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是人类内在的特质
06:20
It is there within every human being.
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存在于每个人之中
06:23
But the conditions
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但慈悲
06:25
for compassion to be activated,
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被触发
06:29
to be aroused,
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被鼓励的条件
06:31
are particular conditions.
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都是特殊情况
06:33
I had that condition, to a certain extent,
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某种程度上，我是
06:36
from my own childhood illness.
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深深受幼时疾患的影响
06:38
Eve Ensler, whom you'll hear later,
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伊娃･恩斯勒，一会儿她会演讲
06:41
has had that condition activated
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她是受她
06:43
amazingly in her
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经历过的
06:46
through the various waters of suffering
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汪洋般的苦难
06:49
that she has been through.
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所激发的
06:52
And what is fascinating
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神奇的是
06:54
is that compassion has enemies,
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慈悲是有敌人的
06:57
and those enemies are things like pity,
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那些敌人是怜悯
07:02
moral outrage,
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道德公愤
07:05
fear.
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恐惧
07:07
And you know, we have a society, a world,
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你知道，我们的社会，这个世界
07:10
that is paralyzed by fear.
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已经在恐惧中麻痹
07:13
And in that paralysis, of course,
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当然在这麻痹之中
07:15
our capacity for compassion
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我们的慈悲心
07:17
is also paralyzed.
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也受到麻痹
07:19
The very word terror
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恐怖
07:21
is global.
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是全球性的
07:23
The very feeling of terror is global.
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这种恐怖感是全球性的
07:26
So our work, in a certain way,
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某种程度上我们的工作
07:28
is to address this imago,
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是要阐明这种意象
07:30
this kind of archetype
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这种原型
07:32
that has pervaded the psyche
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这已经毒害了
07:34
of our entire globe.
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整个世界的心灵
07:38
Now we know from neuroscience
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我们从神经科学得知
07:41
that compassion has
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慈悲
07:43
some very extraordinary qualities.
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有些非凡的特性
07:45
For example:
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比如：
07:47
A person who is cultivating compassion,
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一个人正在修习慈悲
07:50
when they are in the presence of suffering,
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当他们身处苦难存在之处
07:53
they feel that suffering a lot more
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他们觉得
07:56
than many other people do.
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比别人受难更多
07:58
However,
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然而
08:00
they return to baseline a lot sooner.
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他们能很快恢复常态
08:03
This is called resilience.
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这是弹性
08:05
Many of us think that compassion drains us,
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很多人认为慈悲会让自己枯竭
08:08
but I promise you
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但我保证
08:10
it is something that truly enlivens us.
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它是真正启发我们的东西
08:13
Another thing about compassion
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另一个特性是
08:15
is that it really enhances what's called neural integration.
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它可以增强神经整合
08:18
It hooks up all parts of the brain.
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它使脑部的每个部分都联接起来
08:22
Another, which has been discovered
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另外，埃默里和戴维斯
08:24
by various researchers
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和其他一些研究者
08:26
at Emory and at Davis and so on,
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发现了
08:29
is that compassion enhances our immune system.
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慈悲会增强免疫力
08:34
Hey,
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嗨
08:36
we live in a very noxious world.
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我们生活在充满毒素的世界
08:38
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:40
Most of us are shrinking
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我们很多人
08:42
in the face of psycho-social and physical poisons,
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经历这个世界上的心理社会性的或肉体上的毒害
08:45
of the toxins of our world.
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于是渐渐凋零
08:48
But compassion, the generation of compassion,
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但慈悲，慈悲的产物
08:50
actually mobilizes
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却可以
08:53
our immunity.
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促进免疫能力
08:56
You know, if compassion is so good for us,
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如你所知，如果慈悲是有益的
08:59
I have a question.
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我有个问题
09:03
Why don't we train our children
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为什么我们不以慈悲
09:05
in compassion?
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教育我们的后代？
09:08
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
09:13
If compassion is so good for us,
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如果慈悲有益
09:16
why don't we train our health care providers in compassion
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为什么我们不以慈悲培训保健服务的提供者
09:20
so that they can do what they're supposed to do,
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这样他们各尽其职
09:23
which is to really transform suffering?
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去真正化解痛苦？
09:26
And if compassion is so good for us,
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如果慈悲有益
09:29
why don't we vote on compassion?
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为什么我们不为慈悲投上一票？
09:33
Why don't we vote for people in our government
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为什么我们不投票给政府里
09:37
based on compassion,
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以慈悲为政的人
09:39
so that we can have
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这样我们可以有一个
09:41
a more caring world?
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更关爱的世界
09:44
In Buddhism,
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佛教里
09:46
we say, "it takes a strong back and a soft front."
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我们说“强健于背而怀柔于胸”
09:49
It takes tremendous strength of the back
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强大的力量
09:52
to uphold yourself in the midst of conditions.
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才能在各种状况下支撑你
09:55
And that is the mental quality of equanimity.
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这是精神上的禅定
09:58
But it also takes a soft front --
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但你也需要有个温柔的心
10:01
the capacity to really be open to the world as it is,
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以如实地接受和拥抱这个世界
10:04
to have an undefended heart.
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不去设防
10:06
And the archetype of this in Buddhism
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这在佛教中的原型
10:09
is Avalokiteshvara, Kuan-Yin.
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就是千手观音
10:11
It's a female archetype:
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这是个女性原型
10:14
she who perceives
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她感知
10:16
the cries of suffering in the world.
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整个世界苦难的哭喊
10:23
She stands with 10,000 arms,
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她有一万个手臂
10:27
and in every hand,
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每个手上
10:29
there is an instrument of liberation,
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都持有一件法器
10:32
and in the palm of every hand, there are eyes,
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每个手掌上都是眼睛
10:35
and these are the eyes of wisdom.
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它们都是慧眼
10:38
I say that, for thousands of years,
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我说，在上千年的时间长河里
10:41
women have lived,
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女性与观音
10:43
exemplified, met in intimacy,
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有着密切的关系
10:47
the archetype of Avalokitesvara,
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她们是在世的观音
10:50
of Kuan-Yin,
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是观音的具现
10:52
she who perceives
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观音感知
10:54
the cries of suffering in the world.
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世上苦难的哭喊
10:57
Women have manifested for thousands of years
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女性已经在数千年里
11:00
the strength arising from compassion
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体现这种来自慈悲的力量
11:04
in an unfiltered, unmediated way
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并且是一种自然直接的方式
11:07
in perceiving suffering
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去如实地
11:09
as it is.
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感知苦难
11:13
They have infused societies with kindness,
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她们让世界充满善
11:16
and we have really felt that
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我们也确实
11:18
as woman after woman
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在这一天半的时间里
11:20
has stood on this stage
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通过演讲过的每一个女性
11:22
in the past day and a half.
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感受到了这一点
11:25
And they have actualized compassion
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她们通过直接行动
11:27
through direct action.
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具化了慈悲
11:29
Jody Williams called it:
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茱蒂·威廉斯说：
11:31
It's good to meditate.
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冥思有益
11:33
I'm sorry, you've got to do a little bit of that, Jody.
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不好意思，你是不是该这么做做了，茱蒂
11:36
Step back, give your mother a break, okay.
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等等，让我喘口气再说
11:39
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:41
But the other side of the equation
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但是公式的另一半
11:43
is you've got to come out of your cave.
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是你必须走出自己的洞穴
11:45
You have to come into the world
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融入这个世界
11:47
like Asanga did,
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如同无著（印度古代高僧）
11:49
who was looking to realize Maitreya Buddha
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它跟着弥勒菩萨修行
11:52
after 12 years sitting in the cave.
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在洞穴里坐了12年
11:55
He said, "I'm out of here."
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他说“我得走出这里”
11:57
He's going down the path.
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他走到小路上
11:59
He sees something in the path.
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看见了路上有什么
12:01
He looks, it's a dog, he drops to his knees.
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他定睛一看，是条狗，他跪了下来
12:04
He sees that the dog has this big wound on its leg.
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看见狗的腿上有个大伤口
12:08
The wound is just filled with maggots.
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里头化脓生蛆
12:11
He puts out his tongue
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他用舌头
12:14
in order to remove the maggots,
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弄出蛆
12:16
so as not to harm them.
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以免伤害到它们
12:19
And at that moment,
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那一刻
12:21
the dog transformed
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狗幻化成
12:23
into the Buddha of love and kindness.
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爱与善的佛
12:27
I believe
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我相信
12:29
that women and girls today
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今天的女人和女孩子
12:31
have to partner in a powerful way with men --
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要和男性成为伙伴
12:35
with their fathers,
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和她们的父亲
12:37
with their sons, with their brothers,
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她们的儿子，兄弟
12:40
with the plumbers, the road builders,
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和水管工，修路工人
12:42
the caregivers, the doctors, the lawyers,
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和护理人员，医生，律师
12:45
with our president,
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和我们的总统
12:47
and with all beings.
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和所有一切
12:49
The women in this room
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这个屋子里的女性
12:51
are lotuses in a sea of fire.
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是浴火而生的莲花
12:54
May we actualize that capacity
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让我们愿女性的力量
12:56
for women everywhere.
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在世界每一个角落实现
12:58
Thank you.
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谢谢
13:00
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priestKnown for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism.
Why you should listen
Activist, anthropologist, author, caregiver, ecologist, LSD researcher, teacher, and Zen Buddhism priest -- Joan Halifax is many things to many people. Yet they all seem to agree that no matter what role she plays, Halifax is consistently courageous and compassionate. Halifax runs the Upaya Zen Center in New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community she opened in 1990 after founding and leading the Ojai Foundation in California for ten years. Her practice focuses on socially engaged Buddhism, which aims to alleviate suffering through meditation, interfaith cooperation, and social service.
As director of the Project on Being With Dying, Halifax has helped caregivers cope with death and dying for more than three decades. Her book Being With Dying helps clergy, community activists, medical professionals, social workers and spiritual seekers remove fear from the end of life. Halifax is a distinguished invited scholar of the U.S. Library of Congress and the only woman and Buddhist on the Tony Blair Foundation’s Advisory Council.
Joan Halifax | Speaker | TED.com