ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism.

Why you should listen

Activist, anthropologist, author, caregiver, ecologist, LSD researcher, teacher, and Zen Buddhism priest -- Joan Halifax is many things to many people. Yet they all seem to agree that no matter what role she plays, Halifax is consistently courageous and compassionate. Halifax runs the Upaya Zen Center in New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community she opened in 1990 after founding and leading the Ojai Foundation in California for ten years. Her practice focuses on socially engaged Buddhism, which aims to alleviate suffering through meditation, interfaith cooperation, and social service.

As director of the Project on Being With Dying, Halifax has helped caregivers cope with death and dying for more than three decades. Her book Being With Dying helps clergy, community activists, medical professionals, social workers and spiritual seekers remove fear from the end of life. Halifax is a distinguished invited scholar of the U.S. Library of Congress and the only woman and Buddhist on the Tony Blair Foundation’s Advisory Council.

More profile about the speaker
Joan Halifax | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2010

Joan Halifax: Compassion and the true meaning of empathy

喬安‧荷里法斯︰同情心和同理心的真正意義

Filmed:
1,810,433 views

佛學老師喬安‧荷里法斯與許多安寧照護中心裡的人與死刑犯共事,這些人多走在人生的最後階段。她與我們分享同情心和同理心的真正意義,這是她在面對死亡時所學到的。
- Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I want to address地址 the issue問題 of compassion同情.
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我想要談談同情心
00:18
Compassion同情 has many許多 faces面孔.
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同情心有很多面相。
00:21
Some of them are fierce激烈; some of them are wrathful憤怒的;
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這些面相中有些是激烈的,有些是憤怒的,
00:24
some of them are tender投標; some of them are wise明智的.
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有些是溫柔的,有些是有智慧的。
00:27
A line that the Dalai達賴 Lama喇嘛 once一旦 said,
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達賴喇嘛曾說:
00:30
he said, "Love and compassion同情 are necessities必需品.
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「愛與同情是必須的。
00:33
They are not luxuries奢侈品.
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他們不是奢侈品。
00:36
Without沒有 them,
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沒有他們,
00:38
humanity人性 cannot不能 survive生存."
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人類無法存活。」
00:40
And I would suggest建議,
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而我認為
00:42
it is not only humanity人性 that won't慣於 survive生存,
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不只是人類不能存活,
00:45
but it is all species種類 on the planet行星,
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地球上的所有的物種,
00:47
as we've我們已經 heard聽說 today今天.
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都無法存活。
00:49
It is the big cats,
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不論是大型貓科動物
00:51
and it's the plankton浮游生物.
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或是小浮游生物
00:54
Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore班加羅爾 in India印度.
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我兩周前在印度的班家羅爾
00:57
I was so privileged特權
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很榮幸能
00:59
to be able能夠 to teach in a hospice臨終關懷
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在班家羅爾郊區的一所
01:02
on the outskirts郊區 of Bangalore班加羅爾.
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安寧照護中心教學
01:04
And early in the morning早上,
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我在清晨
01:06
I went into the ward病房.
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進入安寧房
01:08
In that hospice臨終關懷,
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在那安寧照護中心
01:10
there were 31 men男人 and women婦女
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有31名男女
01:12
who were actively積極地 dying垂死.
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正在面臨死亡
01:14
And I walked up to the bedside床頭
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我走到一名年老女的女性
01:16
of an old woman女人
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床邊
01:18
who was breathing呼吸 very rapidly急速, fragile脆弱,
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她的呼吸非常急促、虛弱
01:21
obviously明顯 in the latter後者 phase
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我看得出來
01:23
of active活性 dying垂死.
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她的時間不多了
01:26
I looked看著 into her face面對.
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我看了她的臉。
01:28
I looked看著 into the face面對
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及她身旁
01:30
of her son兒子 sitting坐在 next下一個 to her,
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兒子的臉
01:32
and his face面對 was just riven四分五裂
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她兒子臉上
01:34
with grief哀思 and confusion混亂.
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滿是憂傷與迷惘
01:37
And I remembered記得
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然後我想起
01:40
a line from the Mahabharata摩訶婆羅多,
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印度史詩摩訶婆羅多中
01:43
the great Indian印度人 epic史詩:
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的一段對話
01:46
"What is the most wondrous奇妙 thing in the world世界, Yudhisthira育滴提拉?"
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「尤迪斯帝拉,世上什麼最奇妙?」
01:51
And Yudhisthira育滴提拉 replied回答,
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尤迪斯帝拉答道:
01:53
"The most wondrous奇妙 thing in the world世界
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「這世上最奇妙的是
01:56
is that all around us
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我們知道周遭所有人
01:59
people can be dying垂死
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都可能死亡
02:01
and we don't realize實現
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但我們卻沒有意識到
02:03
it can happen發生 to us."
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自己也可能死亡。」
02:13
I looked看著 up.
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我看了看
02:17
Tending撫育 those 31 dying垂死 people
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照顧這些面臨死亡的31人是
02:20
were young年輕 women婦女
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來自班家羅爾村莊的
02:22
from villages村莊 around Bangalore班加羅爾.
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年輕女士
02:24
I looked看著 into the face面對 of one of these women婦女,
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我看了這些女士的臉
02:27
and I saw in her face面對
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我在她們臉上看到
02:30
the strength強度 that arises出現
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自然的同情心顯現時
02:32
when natural自然 compassion同情 is really present當下.
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所顯露的能量
02:35
I watched看著 her hands
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當她在為老人洗澡時
02:37
as she bathed沐浴 an old man.
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的雙手
02:41
My gaze凝視 went to another另一個 young年輕 woman女人
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我又看了另外一名女士的雙手
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as she wiped the face面對
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她正擦拭著
02:48
of another另一個 dying垂死 person.
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即將死亡的人的臉
02:50
And it reminded提醒 me
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這提醒了我
02:52
of something that I had just been present當下 for.
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一件我才剛遇到的事
02:54
Every一切 year or so,
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大約每隔一年
02:56
I have the privilege特權 of taking服用 clinicians臨床醫生
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我都有榮幸帶領一些醫生
02:58
into the Himalayas喜馬拉雅山 and the Tibetan Plateau高原.
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到喜馬拉雅和西藏台地
03:01
And we run clinics診所
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然後我們在這些
03:03
in these very remote遠程 regions地區
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沒有任何醫療機制的深山
03:05
where there's no medical care關心 whatsoever任何.
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進行診療
03:08
And on the first day at Simikot錫米科特 in Humla胡姆拉,
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在尼泊爾的席米哥的前幾天
03:12
far west西 of Nepal尼泊爾,
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在拿博遙遠的西邊
03:14
the most impoverished貧困 region地區 of Nepal尼泊爾,
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也就是拿博最落後的地方
03:17
an old man came來了 in
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有一名老人緊抓著一堆破布
03:19
clutching抓著 a bundle of rags碎布.
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走進來了診所
03:22
And he walked in, and somebody said something to him,
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他進來後有人跟他說了話
03:25
we realized實現 he was deaf,
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但我們發現他是聾的
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and we looked看著 into the rags碎布,
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然後我們看了那些破布
03:29
and there was this pair of eyes眼睛.
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我又看到了那滿是同情心的眼神
03:32
The rags碎布 were unwrapped展開
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那堆破布是從
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from a little girl女孩
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一為全身嚴重灼傷的女孩
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whose誰的 body身體 was massively大規模 burned.
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身上取下來的
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Again,
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我又看見了
03:43
the eyes眼睛 and hands
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那屬於觀世音菩薩的
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of Avalokiteshvara觀世音菩薩.
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眼神和手
03:47
It was the young年輕 women婦女, the health健康 aids艾滋病,
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這是一位年輕的女醫護人員眼神和手
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who cleaned清洗 the wounds傷口 of this baby寶寶
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她清洗了這名嬰兒身上的傷口
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and dressed連衣裙的 the wounds傷口.
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並為傷口包紮
03:55
I know those hands and eyes眼睛;
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我認識這雙手和眼睛
03:57
they touched感動 me as well.
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他們也感動過我
03:59
They touched感動 me at that time.
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不只在當時感動了我
04:01
They have touched感動 me throughout始終 my 68 years年份.
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他們在過去的68年間不斷地感動著我
04:04
They touched感動 me when I was four
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他們在我四歲失去視力
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and I lost丟失 my eyesight眼力
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且半身癱瘓的時候
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and was partially部分 paralyzed.
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感動著我
04:10
And my family家庭 brought in
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當時我的家人帶來一位女士
04:12
a woman女人 whose誰的 mother母親 had been a slave奴隸
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她母親曾是奴隸,而她是來
04:14
to take care關心 of me.
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照顧我的
04:17
And that woman女人
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那位女士
04:19
did not have sentimental感傷 compassion同情.
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的同情心不是來自感傷
04:21
She had phenomenal非凡的 strength強度.
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她有非凡的力量
04:24
And it was really her strength強度, I believe,
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而我相信她那強大的力量
04:26
that became成為 the kind of mudra手印 and imprimatur首肯
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成為一種啓發
04:29
that has been a guiding主導 light in my life.
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成為我生命中的明燈
04:33
So we can ask:
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所以我們可以問:
04:36
What is compassion同情 comprised of?
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同情心是什麼組成的?
04:40
And there are various各個 facets.
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而那有非常多面向
04:42
And there's referential參考 and non-referential非指涉 compassion同情.
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同情心有來自經驗及非經驗的
04:45
But first, compassion同情 is comprised
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但首先,同情心是由
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of that capacity容量
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能夠洞悉
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to see clearly明確地
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受苦的意義
04:51
into the nature性質 of suffering痛苦.
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的能力而來
04:53
It is that ability能力
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這個能力
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to really stand strong強大
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讓我們能堅強得
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and to recognize認識 also
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瞭解到
04:59
that I'm not separate分離 from this suffering痛苦.
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我們夜身處這些苦難中
05:01
But that is not enough足夠,
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但光這些是不夠的
05:03
because compassion同情,
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因為同情心
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which哪一個 activates激活 the motor發動機 cortex皮質,
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會激發運動皮質區
05:07
means手段 that we aspire立志,
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表示我們會想去改變
05:10
we actually其實 aspire立志 to transform轉變 suffering痛苦.
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我們真的會去改變這些苦難
05:13
And if we're so blessed幸福,
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然後如果我們是蒙神祝福的
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we engage從事 in activities活動
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我們會身體力行
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that transform轉變 suffering痛苦.
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來化解苦難
05:19
But compassion同情 has another另一個 component零件,
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但同情心還有另一個要件
05:21
and that component零件 is really essential必要.
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而且這要件很重要
05:24
That component零件
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這個要件是
05:26
is that we cannot不能 be attached to outcome結果.
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我們不能有情感上的依附
05:29
Now I worked工作 with dying垂死 people
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我和這些走在生命最後階段的人
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for over 40 years年份.
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相處超過40年了
05:35
I had the privilege特權 of working加工 on death死亡 row
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我有幸在戒備最深嚴的地方
05:38
in a maximum最大值 security安全 [prison監獄] for six years年份.
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與死囚們共事了六年
05:41
And I realized實現 so clearly明確地
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我很清楚得瞭解到
05:43
in bringing使 my own擁有 life experience經驗,
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而這是我經驗之談
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from working加工 with dying垂死 people
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與面臨死亡的人相處
05:47
and training訓練 caregivers護理人員,
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和訓練照護人員時
05:50
that any attachment附件 to outcome結果
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若對結果有情感的依附
05:52
would distort歪曲 deeply
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會嚴重影響
05:54
my own擁有 capacity容量 to be fully充分 present當下
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我面對悲劇
05:57
to the whole整個 catastrophe災難.
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的能力
06:00
And when I worked工作 in the prison監獄 system系統,
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當我在監牢裡工作時
06:02
it was so clear明確 to me, this:
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我更瞭解到
06:05
that many許多 of us
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在我們當中
06:07
in this room房間,
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有很多人
06:09
and almost幾乎 all of the men男人 that I worked工作 with on death死亡 row,
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和多數的死刑犯
06:12
the seeds種子 of their own擁有 compassion同情 had never been watered澆水.
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心中同情心的種子從未被灌溉過
06:15
That compassion同情 is actually其實
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同情心事實上是
06:17
an inherent固有 human人的 quality質量.
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人類與生俱來
06:20
It is there within every一切 human人的 being存在.
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每一個人都有的
06:23
But the conditions條件
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但能夠促使
06:25
for compassion同情 to be activated活性,
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同情心萌芽
06:29
to be aroused引起,
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的狀況,
06:31
are particular特定 conditions條件.
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是很特殊的
06:33
I had that condition條件, to a certain某些 extent程度,
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在某種程度上,我小時候的一場大病
06:36
from my own擁有 childhood童年 illness疾病.
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給了我這樣的狀況
06:38
Eve前夕 Ensler恩斯勒, whom you'll你會 hear later後來,
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等下我來告訴你們依夫‧恩斯勒
06:41
has had that condition條件 activated活性
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她那驚人的同情心
06:43
amazingly令人驚訝 in her
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如何在一連串
06:46
through通過 the various各個 waters水域 of suffering痛苦
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的痛苦中
06:49
that she has been through通過.
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被啓發的
06:52
And what is fascinating迷人
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更驚人的是
06:54
is that compassion同情 has enemies敵人,
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同情心是有敵人的
06:57
and those enemies敵人 are things like pity可憐,
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敵人的名字就叫做遺憾
07:02
moral道德 outrage暴行,
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憤怒
07:05
fear恐懼.
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與害怕
07:07
And you know, we have a society社會, a world世界,
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如你們所知,我們的社會
07:10
that is paralyzed by fear恐懼.
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被恐懼癱瘓了
07:13
And in that paralysis麻痺, of course課程,
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在這樣的狀況下,當然的
07:15
our capacity容量 for compassion同情
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我們同情的能力
07:17
is also paralyzed.
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也被癱瘓了
07:19
The very word terror恐怖
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恐怖這個辭
07:21
is global全球.
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存於全世界
07:23
The very feeling感覺 of terror恐怖 is global全球.
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恐怖這個感覺是全世界都有的
07:26
So our work, in a certain某些 way,
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所以我們的工作,在某些程度上
07:28
is to address地址 this imago成蟲,
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就是解決這樣的意象
07:30
this kind of archetype原型
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這樣的原始的意念
07:32
that has pervaded彌散著 the psyche精神
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這已經滲入全人類
07:34
of our entire整個 globe地球.
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思想中了
07:38
Now we know from neuroscience神經科學
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我們從神經科學中瞭解到
07:41
that compassion同情 has
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同情心
07:43
some very extraordinary非凡 qualities氣質.
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有其與眾不同的特質
07:45
For example:
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舉例來說
07:47
A person who is cultivating培育 compassion同情,
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一個正在培養同情心的人
07:50
when they are in the presence存在 of suffering痛苦,
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當他正在面對苦痛時
07:53
they feel that suffering痛苦 a lot more
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他會比其他人
07:56
than many許多 other people do.
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更能感受到這些痛苦
07:58
However然而,
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但是
08:00
they return返回 to baseline底線 a lot sooner.
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他們也可以更快復原
08:03
This is called resilience彈性.
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這叫做復原力
08:05
Many許多 of us think that compassion同情 drains水渠 us,
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我們之中很多人認為同情心會讓我們枯乾
08:08
but I promise諾言 you
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但我向你們保證
08:10
it is something that truly enlivens堆高 us.
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同情心絕對會讓我們充滿生命力
08:13
Another另一個 thing about compassion同情
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在來是
08:15
is that it really enhances提高 what's called neural神經 integration積分.
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同情心會促進神經整合
08:18
It hooks掛鉤 up all parts部分 of the brain.
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將腦部的各個部份連接在一起
08:22
Another另一個, which哪一個 has been discovered發現
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還有就是,艾默理大學的研究人員
08:24
by various各個 researchers研究人員
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及加州大學的研究人員
08:26
at Emory埃默里 and at Davis戴維斯 and so on,
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發現
08:29
is that compassion同情 enhances提高 our immune免疫的 system系統.
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慈悲心會增加免疫力
08:34
Hey,
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這很棒耶!
08:36
we live生活 in a very noxious world世界.
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因為我們處在一個很毒的世界
08:38
(Laughter笑聲)
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【笑聲】
08:40
Most of us are shrinking萎縮
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多數人面對
08:42
in the face面對 of psycho-social社會心理 and physical物理 poisons毒藥,
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心理和生理的毒物時
08:45
of the toxins毒素 of our world世界.
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不斷得在萎縮
08:48
But compassion同情, the generation of compassion同情,
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但同情心,及慈悲心的產生
08:50
actually其實 mobilizes動員
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其實能活化我們的
08:53
our immunity免疫.
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免疫力
08:56
You know, if compassion同情 is so good for us,
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既然大家都知道同情心這麼好了
08:59
I have a question.
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讓我問你們一個問題
09:03
Why don't we train培養 our children孩子
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為何不訓練我們的孩子
09:05
in compassion同情?
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擁有同情心?
09:08
(Applause掌聲)
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【掌聲】
09:13
If compassion同情 is so good for us,
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如果同情心這麼好,
09:16
why don't we train培養 our health健康 care關心 providers供應商 in compassion同情
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為何不訓練我們的醫護人員慈悲心
09:20
so that they can do what they're supposed應該 to do,
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如此他們就能把該做的事做好
09:23
which哪一個 is to really transform轉變 suffering痛苦?
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他們的工作不就是化解苦難嗎?
09:26
And if compassion同情 is so good for us,
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而且如果同情心這麼好
09:29
why don't we vote投票 on compassion同情?
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何不投票給同情心?
09:33
Why don't we vote投票 for people in our government政府
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何不在選舉時
09:37
based基於 on compassion同情,
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投票給有同情心的人呢?
09:39
so that we can have
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如此我們就能
09:41
a more caring愛心 world世界?
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擁有一個充滿關懷的世界
09:44
In Buddhism佛教,
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在佛教中,
09:46
we say, "it takes a strong強大 back and a soft柔軟的 front面前."
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我們說:「需要一個強壯的背脊,但柔軟的顏面。」
09:49
It takes tremendous巨大 strength強度 of the back
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我們背後需要有強大的力量
09:52
to uphold堅持 yourself你自己 in the midst中間 of conditions條件.
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來讓我們立足於各種狀況
09:55
And that is the mental心理 quality質量 of equanimity泰然處之.
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那也是能人處世泰然的能力
09:58
But it also takes a soft柔軟的 front面前 --
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但我們需要柔軟的顏面
10:01
the capacity容量 to really be open打開 to the world世界 as it is,
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需要能夠敞開心胸接受這世界
10:04
to have an undefended不設防 heart.
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能夠有個不俱防備的心靈
10:06
And the archetype原型 of this in Buddhism佛教
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而在佛教中這樣的榜樣
10:09
is Avalokiteshvara觀世音菩薩, Kuan-Yin觀音.
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就是觀世音菩薩
10:11
It's a female archetype原型:
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這是個女性的典型
10:14
she who perceives察覺
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她是個接受
10:16
the cries哭聲 of suffering痛苦 in the world世界.
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全世界苦難的人
10:23
She stands站立 with 10,000 arms武器,
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她有一萬隻手
10:27
and in every一切 hand,
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每隻手上
10:29
there is an instrument儀器 of liberation解放,
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都有一個用以解放的工具
10:32
and in the palm棕櫚 of every一切 hand, there are eyes眼睛,
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每一隻手掌上都有眼睛
10:35
and these are the eyes眼睛 of wisdom智慧.
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而這些眼睛是智慧之眼
10:38
I say that, for thousands數千 of years年份,
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數幾千年來
10:41
women婦女 have lived生活,
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所有存在過的女性們
10:43
exemplified例證, met會見 in intimacy親密關係,
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都是例子,也親身接觸過
10:47
the archetype原型 of Avalokitesvara千手觀音,
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觀世音菩薩
10:50
of Kuan-Yin觀音,
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的典型
10:52
she who perceives察覺
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觀音感受著
10:54
the cries哭聲 of suffering痛苦 in the world世界.
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全世界的苦難
10:57
Women婦女 have manifested表現 for thousands數千 of years年份
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女性數千年來展現著
11:00
the strength強度 arising產生 from compassion同情
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由同情心而來的力量
11:04
in an unfiltered未經過濾, unmediated非中介 way
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她們毫不逃避及掩飾的
11:07
in perceiving感知 suffering痛苦
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感受著
11:09
as it is.
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苦難
11:13
They have infused輸注 societies社會 with kindness善良,
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他們將慈愛注入社會
11:16
and we have really felt that
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而我們可以確實在
11:18
as woman女人 after woman女人
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這過去一天半裡
11:20
has stood站在 on this stage階段
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從接連上講台的女性
11:22
in the past過去 day and a half.
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深深得感受到。
11:25
And they have actualized現實化 compassion同情
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而她們也將同情心
11:27
through通過 direct直接 action行動.
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化為實際行動
11:29
Jody喬迪 Williams威廉姆斯 called it:
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喬迪·威廉斯說過
11:31
It's good to meditate幽思.
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冥想是件好事
11:33
I'm sorry, you've got to do a little bit of that, Jody喬迪.
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但我想對喬迪說,你也必須做點別的
11:36
Step back, give your mother母親 a break打破, okay.
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讓一步,讓你媽媽休息一下。好嗎?
11:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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【笑聲】
11:41
But the other side of the equation方程
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但這件事的另外一面是
11:43
is you've got to come out of your cave洞穴.
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你必須走出你的洞穴
11:45
You have to come into the world世界
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你必須走進這個世界
11:47
like Asanga無著 did,
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像無著菩薩那樣
11:49
who was looking to realize實現 Maitreya彌勒 Buddha
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在洞穴中坐禪12年
11:52
after 12 years年份 sitting坐在 in the cave洞穴.
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希望可以看見彌勒佛
11:55
He said, "I'm out of here."
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他最後說:「我要出關了。」
11:57
He's going down the path路徑.
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他沿著路往下走
11:59
He sees看到 something in the path路徑.
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他看到路上有東西
12:01
He looks容貌, it's a dog, he drops滴劑 to his knees膝蓋.
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原來是隻狗,他跪下看看
12:04
He sees看到 that the dog has this big wound傷口 on its leg.
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看到這狗的腿上有一個大傷口
12:08
The wound傷口 is just filled填充 with maggots.
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上面爬滿了蛆
12:11
He puts看跌期權 out his tongue
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他伸出了舌頭
12:14
in order訂購 to remove去掉 the maggots,
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為狗清除傷口上的蛆
12:16
so as not to harm危害 them.
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以免傷著了蛆
12:19
And at that moment時刻,
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在那一刻
12:21
the dog transformed改造
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狗變身成
12:23
into the Buddha of love and kindness善良.
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代表愛與慈祥的菩薩
12:27
I believe
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我認為
12:29
that women婦女 and girls女孩 today今天
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現代的婦女和女孩
12:31
have to partner夥伴 in a powerful強大 way with men男人 --
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必須以充滿力量的方式於男性合作
12:35
with their fathers父親,
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與父親合作
12:37
with their sons兒子, with their brothers兄弟,
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與兒子與兄弟合作
12:40
with the plumbers管道工, the road builders建設者,
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與水電工、建造道路的工人
12:42
the caregivers護理人員, the doctors醫生, the lawyers律師,
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與醫護人員、醫生、律師
12:45
with our president主席,
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與國家元首
12:47
and with all beings眾生.
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與所有人合作
12:49
The women婦女 in this room房間
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在場的所有婦女
12:51
are lotuses蓮花 in a sea of fire.
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是火海中的蓮花
12:54
May可能 we actualize實現 that capacity容量
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讓我們把這樣的能力
12:56
for women婦女 everywhere到處.
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帶給各地的女性
12:58
Thank you.
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謝謝各位
13:00
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Joan Liu
Reviewed by Ching-Yuan Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism.

Why you should listen

Activist, anthropologist, author, caregiver, ecologist, LSD researcher, teacher, and Zen Buddhism priest -- Joan Halifax is many things to many people. Yet they all seem to agree that no matter what role she plays, Halifax is consistently courageous and compassionate. Halifax runs the Upaya Zen Center in New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community she opened in 1990 after founding and leading the Ojai Foundation in California for ten years. Her practice focuses on socially engaged Buddhism, which aims to alleviate suffering through meditation, interfaith cooperation, and social service.

As director of the Project on Being With Dying, Halifax has helped caregivers cope with death and dying for more than three decades. Her book Being With Dying helps clergy, community activists, medical professionals, social workers and spiritual seekers remove fear from the end of life. Halifax is a distinguished invited scholar of the U.S. Library of Congress and the only woman and Buddhist on the Tony Blair Foundation’s Advisory Council.

More profile about the speaker
Joan Halifax | Speaker | TED.com

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