TEDWomen 2010
Joan Halifax: Compassion and the true meaning of empathy
Joan Halifax: a compaixón e o verdadeiro significado da empatía.
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A budista roshi Joan Halifax traballa con persoas que están na derradeira etapa das súas vidas (en residencias ou no corredor da morte). Comparte o que aprendeu sobre a compaixón no rostro dos mortos e moribundos unha profunda visión do que é a empatía.
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priest
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Known for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I want to address the issue of compassion.
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Quero tratar o tema da compaixón.
00:18
Compassion has many faces.
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A compaixón ten moitos rostros.
00:21
Some of them are fierce; some of them are wrathful;
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Algúns son feros; outros irados;
00:24
some of them are tender; some of them are wise.
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algúns son tenros e outros sabios.
00:27
A line that the Dalai Lama once said,
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Unha vez o Dalai Lama recitou:
00:30
he said, "Love and compassion are necessities.
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"O amor e a compaixón son necesidades.
00:33
They are not luxuries.
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Non son luxos.
00:36
Without them,
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Sen eles,
00:38
humanity cannot survive."
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a humanidade non pode sobrevivir."
00:40
And I would suggest,
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E eu engadiríalle,
00:42
it is not only humanity that won't survive,
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que non só a humanidade non sobreviviría,
00:45
but it is all species on the planet,
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morrerían todas as especies do planeta,
00:47
as we've heard today.
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tal e coma hoxe escoitamos.
00:49
It is the big cats,
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Dende os grandes felinos,
00:51
and it's the plankton.
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ata o plancton.
00:54
Two weeks ago, I was in Bangalore in India.
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Hai dúas semanas
estiven en Bangalore, na India.
estiven en Bangalore, na India.
00:57
I was so privileged
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Tiven o grande privilexio
00:59
to be able to teach in a hospice
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de dar clases nun hospicio
01:02
on the outskirts of Bangalore.
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nos arredores de Bangalore.
01:04
And early in the morning,
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E á mañá cedo
01:06
I went into the ward.
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fun ao pavillón dos doentes.
01:08
In that hospice,
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Naquel hospicio,
01:10
there were 31 men and women
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había trinta e un homes e mulleres
01:12
who were actively dying.
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que estaban ao bordo da morte.
01:14
And I walked up to the bedside
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E achegueime á cabeceira
01:16
of an old woman
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dunha anciá
01:18
who was breathing very rapidly, fragile,
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que estaba a respirar
moi rápido e moi fráxil,
moi rápido e moi fráxil,
01:21
obviously in the latter phase
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era claro que estaba na última fase
01:23
of active dying.
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da súa agonía.
01:26
I looked into her face.
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Mirei a súa cara.
01:28
I looked into the face
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Mirei á cara
01:30
of her son sitting next to her,
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do seu fillo, sentado ao seu carón,
01:32
and his face was just riven
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e a súa cara estaba desgarrada
01:34
with grief and confusion.
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pola dor e a confusión.
01:37
And I remembered
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E lembrei
01:40
a line from the Mahabharata,
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unha pasaxe do Mahabharata,
01:43
the great Indian epic:
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a grande epopeia hindú.
01:46
"What is the most wondrous thing in the world, Yudhisthira?"
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"Que é o máis prodixioso do mundo,
Yudhisthira?"
Yudhisthira?"
01:51
And Yudhisthira replied,
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Ao que Yushisthira respondeu,
01:53
"The most wondrous thing in the world
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"O máis prodixioso do mundo
01:56
is that all around us
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é que ao noso redor
01:59
people can be dying
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a xente pode morrer
02:01
and we don't realize
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e non nos decatamos
02:03
it can happen to us."
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de que pode acontecernos a nós."
02:13
I looked up.
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Ollei cara arriba.
02:17
Tending those 31 dying people
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Atendendo a eses trinta e un moribundos
02:20
were young women
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había mozas
02:22
from villages around Bangalore.
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das aldeas próximas a Bangalore.
02:24
I looked into the face of one of these women,
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Ollei á cara a unha desas mulleres,
02:27
and I saw in her face
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e vin no seu rostro
02:30
the strength that arises
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a forza que xurde
02:32
when natural compassion is really present.
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cando a compaixón natural está presente.
02:35
I watched her hands
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Ollei as súas mans
02:37
as she bathed an old man.
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namentres bañaba a unha anciá.
02:41
My gaze went to another young woman
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A miña mirada fixouse noutra moza
02:45
as she wiped the face
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namentres esta limpaba a cara
02:48
of another dying person.
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doutro moribundo.
02:50
And it reminded me
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E iso fíxome lembrar
02:52
of something that I had just been present for.
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algo que viña de presenciar.
02:54
Every year or so,
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Cada ano ou así
02:56
I have the privilege of taking clinicians
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teño o privilexio de levar médicos
02:58
into the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau.
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ao Himalaia e ao Planalto do Tibet.
03:01
And we run clinics
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E instalamos clínicas
03:03
in these very remote regions
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nestas remotas rexións
03:05
where there's no medical care whatsoever.
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onde non hai asistencia médica
nin nada polo estilo.
nin nada polo estilo.
03:08
And on the first day at Simikot in Humla,
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E o primeiro día en Simikot en Humla,
03:12
far west of Nepal,
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ao oeste do Nepal,
03:14
the most impoverished region of Nepal,
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a rexión máis empobrecida do Nepal,
03:17
an old man came in
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achegouse un ancián
03:19
clutching a bundle of rags.
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suxeitando uns farrapos.
03:22
And he walked in, and somebody said something to him,
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Entrou e alguén lle dixo algo,
03:25
we realized he was deaf,
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e nos decatamos de que era xordo,
03:27
and we looked into the rags,
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e miramos entre os farrapos,
03:29
and there was this pair of eyes.
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e vimos un par de ollos.
03:32
The rags were unwrapped
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Os farrapos estaban envoltos
03:34
from a little girl
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sobre unha pequena
03:36
whose body was massively burned.
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que tiña todo o corpo queimado.
03:41
Again,
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Outra vez,
03:43
the eyes and hands
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os ollos e mans
03:45
of Avalokiteshvara.
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de Avalokiteshvara.
03:47
It was the young women, the health aids,
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Era a moza, a médica,
03:50
who cleaned the wounds of this baby
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quen limpou as feridas deste cativo
03:53
and dressed the wounds.
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e as tapou.
03:55
I know those hands and eyes;
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Coñezo esas mans e ollos;
03:57
they touched me as well.
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tamén me tocaron a min.
03:59
They touched me at that time.
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Tocáronme daquelas.
04:01
They have touched me throughout my 68 years.
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Tocáronme durante os meus 68 anos.
04:04
They touched me when I was four
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Tocáronme cando tiña catro anos
04:06
and I lost my eyesight
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e perdín a vista
04:08
and was partially paralyzed.
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e estaba parcialmente paralizada.
04:10
And my family brought in
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E a miña familia trouxo
04:12
a woman whose mother had been a slave
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a unha muller cuxa nai fora esclava
04:14
to take care of me.
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para que me coidase.
04:17
And that woman
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E aquela muller
04:19
did not have sentimental compassion.
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non tiña unha compaixón sentimental.
04:21
She had phenomenal strength.
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Tiña unha extraordinaria forza.
04:24
And it was really her strength, I believe,
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E era tal a sua forza, pensei,
04:26
that became the kind of mudra and imprimatur
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que se converteu
no tipo de mudra e imprimatur
no tipo de mudra e imprimatur
04:29
that has been a guiding light in my life.
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que guiou a miña vida.
04:33
So we can ask:
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Polo que podemos preguntar:
04:36
What is compassion comprised of?
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De que se compón a compaixón?
04:40
And there are various facets.
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Existen varias facetas.
04:42
And there's referential and non-referential compassion.
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Existe a compaixón referencial
e non referencial.
e non referencial.
04:45
But first, compassion is comprised
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Pero primeiro, a compaixón confórmase
04:47
of that capacity
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da capacidade
04:49
to see clearly
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de ollar con claridade
04:51
into the nature of suffering.
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nas orixes do sufrimento.
04:53
It is that ability
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É esa capacidade
04:55
to really stand strong
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de permanecer forte
04:57
and to recognize also
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e tamén de recoñecer
04:59
that I'm not separate from this suffering.
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que non son alleo a ese sufrimento.
05:01
But that is not enough,
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Pero non abonda,
05:03
because compassion,
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xa que a compaixón,
05:05
which activates the motor cortex,
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que activa o motor cortex,
05:07
means that we aspire,
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quere dicir que aspiramos
05:10
we actually aspire to transform suffering.
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a transformar o sufrimento.
05:13
And if we're so blessed,
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E se temos esa bendición,
05:15
we engage in activities
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involucrámonos en actividades
05:17
that transform suffering.
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que transformen o sufrimento.
05:19
But compassion has another component,
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Mais a compaixón ten outro compoñente,
05:21
and that component is really essential.
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un que é realmente esencial.
05:24
That component
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Ese compoñente
05:26
is that we cannot be attached to outcome.
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é que non podemos
suxeitarnos ao desenlace.
suxeitarnos ao desenlace.
05:29
Now I worked with dying people
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Traballei con moribundos
05:32
for over 40 years.
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durante máis de corenta anos.
05:35
I had the privilege of working on death row
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Traballei con condenados a morte
05:38
in a maximum security [prison] for six years.
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nun cárcere durante máis de seis anos.
05:41
And I realized so clearly
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E decateime
05:43
in bringing my own life experience,
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que achegar a miña experiencia
05:45
from working with dying people
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no traballo cos moribundos
05:47
and training caregivers,
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e entrenando aos coidadores,
05:50
that any attachment to outcome
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que calqueira suxeición ao desenlace
05:52
would distort deeply
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deformaría profundamente
05:54
my own capacity to be fully present
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a miña capacidade de estar presente
05:57
to the whole catastrophe.
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en toda a catástrofe.
06:00
And when I worked in the prison system,
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Cando traballei no sistema penitenciario
06:02
it was so clear to me, this:
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tiña isto ben claro:
06:05
that many of us
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que moitos de nós
06:07
in this room,
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nesta habitación,
06:09
and almost all of the men that I worked with on death row,
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e case tódolos sentenciados a morte
cos que traballei,
cos que traballei,
06:12
the seeds of their own compassion had never been watered.
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nunca experimentaran a compaixón antes.
06:15
That compassion is actually
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Esa compaixón é de feito
06:17
an inherent human quality.
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unha cualidade inherente humana.
06:20
It is there within every human being.
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Está presente en todo ser humano.
06:23
But the conditions
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Mais as condicións
06:25
for compassion to be activated,
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para activar a compaixón,
06:29
to be aroused,
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para despertala,
06:31
are particular conditions.
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son particulares.
06:33
I had that condition, to a certain extent,
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Eu reúno, en certa medida, esas condicións
06:36
from my own childhood illness.
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a partir da miña doenza cando era cativa.
06:38
Eve Ensler, whom you'll hear later,
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Eve Ensler, a quen logo escoitaredes,
06:41
has had that condition activated
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tamén ten esa condición
06:43
amazingly in her
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incriblemente
06:46
through the various waters of suffering
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por mor de varios tipos de sufrimento
06:49
that she has been through.
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polos que tivo que pasar.
06:52
And what is fascinating
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E o incrible
06:54
is that compassion has enemies,
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é que a compaixón teña inimigos,
06:57
and those enemies are things like pity,
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que son tales coma a piedade,
07:02
moral outrage,
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a indignación moral,
07:05
fear.
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o medo.
07:07
And you know, we have a society, a world,
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E vedes que a nosa sociedade, o mundo,
07:10
that is paralyzed by fear.
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está paralizado polo medo.
07:13
And in that paralysis, of course,
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E nesa parálise, de certo,
07:15
our capacity for compassion
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a nosa capacidade por sermos compasivos
07:17
is also paralyzed.
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tamén está paralizada.
07:19
The very word terror
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A palabra medo
07:21
is global.
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é universal.
07:23
The very feeling of terror is global.
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O sentimento de medo tamén.
07:26
So our work, in a certain way,
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O noso traballo, en certo modo,
07:28
is to address this imago,
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é atallar esta imaxe,
07:30
this kind of archetype
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este arquetipo
07:32
that has pervaded the psyche
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que invadiu a psique
07:34
of our entire globe.
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de todo o mundo.
07:38
Now we know from neuroscience
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A través da neurociencia sabemos
07:41
that compassion has
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que a compaixón
07:43
some very extraordinary qualities.
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ten algunhas extraordinarias cualidades.
07:45
For example:
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Por exemplo:
07:47
A person who is cultivating compassion,
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unha persoa que traballa a compaixón,
07:50
when they are in the presence of suffering,
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cando está en presenza de doentes,
07:53
they feel that suffering a lot more
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notan que sofren moito máis
07:56
than many other people do.
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có resto da xente.
07:58
However,
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Porén,
08:00
they return to baseline a lot sooner.
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retornan ao punto de partida axiña.
08:03
This is called resilience.
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A isto chámaselle elasticidade.
08:05
Many of us think that compassion drains us,
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Moitos de nós pensamos
que a compaixón nos baleira,
que a compaixón nos baleira,
08:08
but I promise you
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mais asegúrovos
08:10
it is something that truly enlivens us.
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que é algo que nos fortalece.
08:13
Another thing about compassion
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Outra cousa sobre a compaixón
08:15
is that it really enhances what's called neural integration.
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é que mellora a chamada
integración neural.
integración neural.
08:18
It hooks up all parts of the brain.
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Conecta todas as partes do cerebro.
08:22
Another, which has been discovered
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Outra que vén de ser descuberta
08:24
by various researchers
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por varios investigadores
08:26
at Emory and at Davis and so on,
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de Emory e Davis entre outros,
08:29
is that compassion enhances our immune system.
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é que a compaixón mellora
o noso sistema inmunitario.
o noso sistema inmunitario.
08:34
Hey,
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Eh,
08:36
we live in a very noxious world.
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vivimos nun mundo ben nocivo.
08:38
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
08:40
Most of us are shrinking
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A maioría de nós botámonos atrás
08:42
in the face of psycho-social and physical poisons,
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perante os velenos
psico-sociais e físicos
psico-sociais e físicos
08:45
of the toxins of our world.
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das toxinas do noso mundo.
08:48
But compassion, the generation of compassion,
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Pero a compaixón, a creación de compaixón,
08:50
actually mobilizes
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hoxe moviliza
08:53
our immunity.
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a nosa inmunidade.
08:56
You know, if compassion is so good for us,
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Saben, se a compaixón é tan boa para nós,
08:59
I have a question.
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teño unha pregunta.
09:03
Why don't we train our children
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Por que non lles inculcamos
aos nosos fillos
aos nosos fillos
09:05
in compassion?
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o sentido da compaixón?
09:08
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
09:13
If compassion is so good for us,
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Se a compaixón é tan boa para nós,
09:16
why don't we train our health care providers in compassion
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por que non inculcarlla
aos que nos achegan a sanidade
aos que nos achegan a sanidade
09:20
so that they can do what they're supposed to do,
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para que fagan o que se supón
que teñen que facer,
que teñen que facer,
09:23
which is to really transform suffering?
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que é transformar o sufrimento?
09:26
And if compassion is so good for us,
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Se a compaixón é tan boa para nós,
09:29
why don't we vote on compassion?
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por que non lle damos o noso voto?
09:33
Why don't we vote for people in our government
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Por que non votamos a gobernantes
09:37
based on compassion,
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que se baseen na compaixón,
09:39
so that we can have
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e así poidamos ter
09:41
a more caring world?
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un mundo máis afectuoso?
09:44
In Buddhism,
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No Budismo,
09:46
we say, "it takes a strong back and a soft front."
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dicimos, "precísase dunhas costas fortes
e dunha fronte suave".
e dunha fronte suave".
09:49
It takes tremendous strength of the back
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Cómpre dunha grande fortaleza nas costas
09:52
to uphold yourself in the midst of conditions.
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para mantérmonos na adversidade.
09:55
And that is the mental quality of equanimity.
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E esa é a cualidade mental
da ecuanimidade.
da ecuanimidade.
09:58
But it also takes a soft front --
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Mais tamén cómpre unha fronte suave...
10:01
the capacity to really be open to the world as it is,
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a capacidade de abrírmonos
a este mundo tal e coma é,
a este mundo tal e coma é,
10:04
to have an undefended heart.
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de termos un corazón aberto.
10:06
And the archetype of this in Buddhism
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E o arquetipo disto no budismo
10:09
is Avalokiteshvara, Kuan-Yin.
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é Avalokiteshvara, Kuan- Yin.
10:11
It's a female archetype:
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É un arquetipo feminino:
10:14
she who perceives
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ela que percibe
10:16
the cries of suffering in the world.
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os prantos de sufrimento no mundo.
10:23
She stands with 10,000 arms,
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Ela conta con dez mil brazos,
10:27
and in every hand,
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e en cada man,
10:29
there is an instrument of liberation,
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suxeita un instrumento de liberación,
10:32
and in the palm of every hand, there are eyes,
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e na palma de cada man ten ollos,
10:35
and these are the eyes of wisdom.
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e estes son os ollos da sabiduría.
10:38
I say that, for thousands of years,
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Digo que, durante miles de anos,
10:41
women have lived,
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as mulleres viviron,
10:43
exemplified, met in intimacy,
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exemplificaron, coñeceron na intimidade,
10:47
the archetype of Avalokitesvara,
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o arquetipo de Avalokitesvara,
10:50
of Kuan-Yin,
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de Kuan- Yin,
10:52
she who perceives
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aquela que percibe
10:54
the cries of suffering in the world.
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os prantos de sufrimento do mundo.
10:57
Women have manifested for thousands of years
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As mulleres manifestaron
durante miles de anos
durante miles de anos
11:00
the strength arising from compassion
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a forza procedente da compaixón
11:04
in an unfiltered, unmediated way
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de xeito inalterado, sen mediacións
11:07
in perceiving suffering
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percibindo o sufrimento
11:09
as it is.
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tal e como é.
11:13
They have infused societies with kindness,
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Déronlle bondade á sociedade,
11:16
and we have really felt that
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e decatámonos disto
11:18
as woman after woman
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a medida que unha muller tras outra
11:20
has stood on this stage
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subía a este escenario
11:22
in the past day and a half.
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no último día e medio.
11:25
And they have actualized compassion
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E describiron a compaixón
11:27
through direct action.
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mediante a acción directa.
11:29
Jody Williams called it:
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Jody Williams chamouno:
11:31
It's good to meditate.
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É bo meditar.
11:33
I'm sorry, you've got to do a little bit of that, Jody.
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Síntoo, tes que exercelo un pouco, Jody.
11:36
Step back, give your mother a break, okay.
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Retrocede, dálle un respiro á túa nai.
11:39
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
11:41
But the other side of the equation
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Pero o outro lado da ecuación
11:43
is you've got to come out of your cave.
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é que tes que saír da túa cova.
11:45
You have to come into the world
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Tes que entrar no mundo
11:47
like Asanga did,
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como fixo Asanga,
11:49
who was looking to realize Maitreya Buddha
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que quería acadar o Buda Maitreya
11:52
after 12 years sitting in the cave.
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logo de doce anos na cova.
11:55
He said, "I'm out of here."
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Dixo, "marcho de aquí".
11:57
He's going down the path.
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Baixou polo sendeiro.
11:59
He sees something in the path.
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Viu algo.
12:01
He looks, it's a dog, he drops to his knees.
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Viu un can e se pousou
sobre os seus xeonllos.
sobre os seus xeonllos.
12:04
He sees that the dog has this big wound on its leg.
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Viu que o can tiña
unha ferida grande nunha perna.
unha ferida grande nunha perna.
12:08
The wound is just filled with maggots.
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A ferida estaba chea de vermes.
12:11
He puts out his tongue
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Sacou a lingua
12:14
in order to remove the maggots,
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para quitar os vermes
12:16
so as not to harm them.
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e non lastimalos.
12:19
And at that moment,
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E nese momento,
12:21
the dog transformed
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o can transformouse
12:23
into the Buddha of love and kindness.
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no Buda do amor e da bondade.
12:27
I believe
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Penso
12:29
that women and girls today
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que as mulleres e rapazas de hoxe
12:31
have to partner in a powerful way with men --
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deben de unirse
de xeito poderoso aos homes...
de xeito poderoso aos homes...
12:35
with their fathers,
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cos seus pais,
12:37
with their sons, with their brothers,
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os seus fillos, os seus irmáns,
12:40
with the plumbers, the road builders,
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cos fontaneiros,
os constructores de estradas,
os constructores de estradas,
12:42
the caregivers, the doctors, the lawyers,
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cos coidadores, os médicos, os avogados,
12:45
with our president,
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co noso presidente,
12:47
and with all beings.
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e con todos os seres.
12:49
The women in this room
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As mulleres nesta habitación
12:51
are lotuses in a sea of fire.
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son flores de loto nun mar de lume.
12:54
May we actualize that capacity
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Renovemos esa capacidade
12:56
for women everywhere.
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para as mulleres de todo o mundo.
12:58
Thank you.
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Grazas.
13:00
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joan Halifax - Author, Zen priestKnown for her compassionate work with the terminally ill, Joan Halifax is a driving force of socially engaged Buddhism.
Why you should listen
Activist, anthropologist, author, caregiver, ecologist, LSD researcher, teacher, and Zen Buddhism priest -- Joan Halifax is many things to many people. Yet they all seem to agree that no matter what role she plays, Halifax is consistently courageous and compassionate. Halifax runs the Upaya Zen Center in New Mexico, a Zen Peacemaker community she opened in 1990 after founding and leading the Ojai Foundation in California for ten years. Her practice focuses on socially engaged Buddhism, which aims to alleviate suffering through meditation, interfaith cooperation, and social service.
As director of the Project on Being With Dying, Halifax has helped caregivers cope with death and dying for more than three decades. Her book Being With Dying helps clergy, community activists, medical professionals, social workers and spiritual seekers remove fear from the end of life. Halifax is a distinguished invited scholar of the U.S. Library of Congress and the only woman and Buddhist on the Tony Blair Foundation’s Advisory Council.
Joan Halifax | Speaker | TED.com