TEDSalon NY2013
Paola Antonelli: Why I brought Pac-Man to MoMA
Paola Antonelli: 为什么我把«小精灵»带到现代艺术博物馆
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,000,810 views
当现代艺术博物馆的建筑设计部资深馆长宣布在2012年收藏了14部电子游戏，“全乱套了”。在这个范围宽广，寓教于乐，极有见地的讲话中，Paola Antonelli解释了为什么她乐于挑战关于艺术和画廊的先入为主的想法，并描述了她热切希望帮助更广泛地理解设计。
Paola Antonelli - Design curator
Paola Antonelli is on a mission to introduce -- and explain -- design to the world. With her shows at New York's Museum of Modern Art, she celebrates design's presence in every part of life. Full bio
Paola Antonelli is on a mission to introduce -- and explain -- design to the world. With her shows at New York's Museum of Modern Art, she celebrates design's presence in every part of life. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm almost like a crazy evangelical.
0
392
2194
我几乎像一个疯狂的福音派信徒，
00:14
I've always known that the age of design is upon us,
1
2586
2745
一直深信设计时代来临，
00:17
almost like a rapture.
2
5331
2081
几乎像狂喜一般。
00:19
If the day is sunny, I think,
3
7412
1535
如果晴天，我就会想，
00:20
"Oh, the gods have had a good design day."
4
8947
2525
“哦，众神设计日快乐。”
00:23
Or, I go to a show and I see a beautiful piece by an artist,
5
11472
4316
如果我去看展览，看到一件艺术家展示的精美作品，
00:27
particularly beautiful, I say
6
15788
1302
特别的漂亮，我就会说，
00:29
he's so good because he clearly looked to design
7
17090
3000
他如此优秀是因为他清楚地希望设计ˎ
00:32
to understand what he needed to do.
8
20090
1723
理解他需要做什么。
00:33
So I really do believe that design
9
21813
2701
因此我真确实相信，
00:36
is the highest form of creative expression.
10
24514
2762
设计是创造性表达的最高形式。
00:39
That's why I'm talking to you today about the age of design,
11
27276
3710
这就是为什么今天我和你们谈论设计时代。
00:42
and the age of design is the age in which design
12
30986
2195
设计时代是这样的，
00:45
is still cute furniture, is still posters,
13
33181
3839
其设计仍然是可爱的家具ˎ海报
00:49
is still fast cars, what you see at MoMA today.
14
37020
2858
和快车，就是你们今天在现代艺术博物馆(MoMa)看到的东西。
00:51
But in truth, what I really would like to explain
15
39878
3825
但事实上，我确实想要向公众，
00:55
to the public and to the audiences of MoMA is that
16
43703
2302
向现代艺术博物馆的听众解释的是
00:58
the most interesting chairs are the ones
17
46005
2663
这些最有意思的椅子
01:00
that are actually made by a robot,
18
48668
2877
实际上是由机器人制造的。
01:03
like this beautiful chair by Dirk Vander Kooij,
19
51545
2781
比如说这张漂亮的椅子是Dirk Vander Kooij设计的。
01:06
where a robot deposits a toothpaste-like slur
20
54326
3732
机器人将回收的冰箱部件上的牙膏状污物
01:10
of recycled refrigerator parts,
21
58058
2856
储存在那里，
01:12
as if he were a big candy, and makes a chair out of it.
22
60914
4468
仿佛是一粒大糖果，然后造出了一把椅子。
01:17
Or good design is digital fonts that we use all the time
23
65382
3635
好的设计就像我们一直使用的数字字体一样，
01:21
and that become part of our identity.
24
69017
2129
成为我们身份的一部分。
01:23
I want people to understand
25
71146
1720
我想让人们理解
01:24
that design is so much more than cute chairs,
26
72866
3215
设计远远不止是可爱的椅子。
01:28
that it is first and foremost everything that is around us
27
76081
3467
设计是我们生活中
01:31
in our life.
28
79548
1589
周围首要的一切。
01:33
And it's interesting how so much of what we're talking about
29
81137
2833
有趣的是，
01:35
tonight is not simply design but interaction design.
30
83970
3176
我们今晚谈论的不是简单的设计，而是交互设计。
01:39
And in fact, interaction design is what I've been trying
31
87146
3877
实际上，几年来我一直在努力尝试把交互设计
01:43
to insert in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art
32
91023
2378
引入到现代艺术博物馆的收藏品中。
01:45
for a few years, starting not very timidly
33
93401
2964
开始时并不很胆怯，
01:48
but just pointedly with works, for instance,
34
96365
2774
但是只针对作品，例如，
01:51
by Martin Wattenberg -- the way a machine
35
99139
2561
由Martin Wattenberg设计的一个机器人自己下棋的方式，
01:53
plays chess with itself, that you see here,
36
101700
2944
你这里看到的。
01:56
or Lisa Strausfeld and her partners, the Sugar interface
37
104644
3464
或者是Lisa Strausfeld和她的同伴设计的Sugar界面
02:00
for One Laptop Per Child,
38
108108
2110
用于儿童笔记本电脑。
02:02
Toshio Iwai's Tenori-On musical instruments,
39
110218
3854
Toshio Iwai设计的酷炫电子乐器，
02:06
and Philip Worthington's Shadow Monsters,
40
114072
3212
Philip Worthington设计的«Shadow Monsters»，
02:09
and John Maeda's Reactive Books,
41
117284
2456
John Maeda的«Reactive Books»，
02:11
and also Jonathan Harris and Sep Kamvar's I Want You To Want Me.
42
119740
4165
还有Jonathan Harris和Sep Kamvar合作的«I Want You To Want Me»。
02:15
These were some of the first acquisitions that really
43
123905
2691
这些是部分最先收购的设计品，
02:18
introduced the idea of interaction design to the public.
44
126596
3184
它们确实把交互设计的理念带给了大众。
02:21
But more recently, I've been trying really to go even deeper
45
129780
4239
但最近，我一直在尝试真正
02:26
into interaction design with examples
46
134019
2233
用实例更加深入交互设计，
02:28
that are emotionally really suggestive
47
136252
2743
这些实例在感情上真的暗示，
02:30
and that really explain interaction design at a level
48
138995
2705
在一定的水平上真正解释了交互设计。
02:33
that is almost undeniable.
49
141700
2071
这几乎是无可否认的。
02:35
The Wind Map, by Wattenberg and Fernanda Viégas,
50
143771
3080
Wattenberg和Fernanda Viégas制作的«实时风地图»，
02:38
I don't know if you've ever seen it -- it's really fantastic.
51
146851
2416
我不知道你们是否曾经见过，确实非常的奇妙。
02:41
It looks at the territory of the United States
52
149267
2522
这地图是根据美国版图做的。
02:43
as if it were a wheat field that is procured by the winds
53
151789
5725
仿佛它又像被风吹拂的小麦田。
02:49
and that is really giving you a pictorial image
54
157514
3173
不过它确实展现给你一幅图案形象，
02:52
of what's going on with the winds in the United States.
55
160687
3224
关于美国的风正在吹向哪里。
02:55
But also, more recently, we started acquiring video games,
56
163911
4619
另外近来我们开始收购一些电子游戏，
03:00
and that's where all hell broke loose
57
168530
2543
至此全乱套了，
03:03
in a really interesting way. (Laughter)
58
171073
2168
以一种非常有趣的方式乱了。（笑声）
03:05
There are still people that believe that there's a high and there's a low.
59
173241
2680
仍然有人确信有高雅有低俗，
03:07
And that's really what I find so intriguing
60
175921
2974
这真的是令我感到有趣的地方，
03:10
about the reactions that we've had to the anointment
61
178895
4549
对于在现代艺术博物馆收藏品中
03:15
of video games in the MoMA collection.
62
183444
2236
收购的电子游戏的反应。
03:17
We've -- No, first of all, New York Magazine always gets it.
63
185680
3287
我们，不，首先，纽约杂志总是最先得到。
03:20
I love them. So we are in the right quadrant.
64
188967
2145
我爱他们。所以我们是在右边的象限。
03:23
We are in the Highbrow -- that's daring, that's courageous --
65
191112
4234
我们是知识分子，有胆量，有勇气，
03:27
and Brilliant, which is great.
66
195346
1423
并且有智慧，这相当的棒。
03:28
Timidly, we've been higher on the diagonal in other situations,
67
196769
3336
缺乏自信地说，我们在其它情况下的对角线上的位置也更高。
03:32
but it's okay. It's good. It's good. It's good. (Laughter)
68
200105
3367
但是没关系。这很好，很好，很好。（笑声）
03:35
But here comes the art critic. Oh, that was fantastic.
69
203472
3128
但是接着出现了艺术评论家。噢，那是奇妙的。
03:38
So the first was Jonathan Jones from The Guardian.
70
206600
2216
首先是来自«卫报»的Jonathan Jones。
03:40
"Sorry, MoMA, video games are not art."
71
208816
2668
“抱歉，现代艺术博物馆，电子游戏不是艺术。”
03:43
Did I ever say they were art? I was talking about interaction design. Excuse me.
72
211484
4285
对不起，我说过它们是艺术吗？我在谈论交互设计。
03:47
"Exhibiting Pac-Man and Tetris alongside Picasso and Van Gogh" --
73
215769
3807
“在Picasso和Van Gogh的作品旁边展示Pac-Man和俄罗斯方块游戏”
03:51
They're two floors away. (Laughter) —
74
219576
3160
他们相隔有两层楼远。（笑声）
03:54
"will mean game over for any real understanding of art."
75
222736
4668
“将意味着游戏结束就会对艺术有任何真正理解。”
03:59
I'm bringing in the end of the world. You know?
76
227404
3975
我将带来世界的尽头，你们知道吗？
04:03
We were talking about the rapture? It's coming.
77
231379
1837
我们正在谈论狂喜是吧？它就要来了。
04:05
And Jonathan Jones is making it happen.
78
233216
2737
Jonathan Jones正在使其发生。
04:07
So the same Guardian rebuts,
79
235953
2774
同样的«卫报»反驳说，
04:10
"Are video games art: the debate that shouldn't be.
80
238727
2739
“电子游戏是艺术吗？不该有的辩论。”
04:13
Last week, Guardian art critic blah blah suggested
81
241466
2589
上周，«卫报»艺术评论家的瞎说表明
04:16
that games cannot qualify as art. But is he right?
82
244055
3314
游戏不可能有艺术资格。但他对吗？
04:19
And does it matter?" Thank you. Does it matter?
83
247369
2475
这重要吗？谢谢。重要吗？
04:21
You know, it's like once again there's this whole problem
84
249844
2741
你们知道，就像再次有这样的设计的整体问题，
04:24
of design being often misunderstood for art,
85
252585
2952
即设计经常会被误解为艺术，
04:27
or the idea that is so diffuse that designers want to
86
255537
3867
或者普遍流传着这种观点，
04:31
aspire to, would like to be called, artists.
87
259404
3325
设计师想要ˎ渴望ˎ喜欢被人叫做艺术家。
04:34
No. Designers aspire to be really great designers.
88
262729
3312
不。设计师渴望成为真正伟大的设计师。
04:38
Thank you very much. And that's more than enough.
89
266041
1913
非常感谢。这就足够了。
04:39
So my knight in shining armor, John Maeda,
90
267954
3487
因此我的白马王子，John Maeda，
04:43
without any prompt, came out with this big declaration
91
271441
3502
没有任何的提示，发出了这个大宣言，
04:46
on why video games belong in the MoMA.
92
274943
2370
为什么电子游戏属于现代艺术博物馆。
04:49
And that was fantastic. And I thought that was it.
93
277313
2160
这是极了不起的。至少我是这么认为的。
04:51
But then there was another wonderfully pretentious article
94
279473
3656
不过又有另一篇极其自命不凡的文章，
04:55
that came out in The New Republic, so pretentious,
95
283129
3048
刊登在«新共和杂志»上，真的非常自命不凡。
04:58
by Liel Leibovitz, and it said, "MoMA has mistaken video games for art." Again.
96
286177
3960
是Liel Leibovitz写的，文章说，“现代艺术博物馆居然把电子游戏误以为是艺术”，再一次出现否定的声音。
05:02
"The museum is putting Pac-Man alongside Picasso." Again.
97
290137
3420
“博物馆正在把«小精灵»置于Picasso旁边”，又一次如是说。
05:05
"That misses the point."
98
293557
1119
“这样忽略了重点。”
05:06
Excuse me. You're missing the point.
99
294676
1858
抱歉，你们正在忽略重点内容。
05:08
And here, look, the above question is put bluntly:
100
296534
4048
这儿，看，上述问题被直截了当地提出来了：
05:12
"Are video games art? No. Video games aren't art
101
300582
3350
“电子游戏是艺术吗？不，电子游戏不是艺术，
05:15
because they are quite thoroughly something else: code."
102
303932
4521
因为它们是相当彻底的别的东西：代码。”
05:20
Oh, so Picasso is not art because it's oil paint. Right?
103
308453
3551
噢，所以Picasso不是艺术因为它是油漆，对吗？
05:24
So it's so fantastic to see
104
312004
2230
因此如此美妙地看到
05:26
how these feathers that were ruffled,
105
314234
3196
这些羽毛是如何被激惹起来，
05:29
and these reactions, were so vehement.
106
317430
2066
这些反应是多么的激烈。
05:31
And you know what?
107
319496
1059
你知道吗？
05:32
The International Cat Video Film Festival
108
320555
2517
国际猫的视频电影节
05:35
didn't have that much of a reaction. (Laughter)
109
323072
2433
并没有引起如此多的反应。（笑声）
05:37
I think this was truly fantastic.
110
325505
1739
我认为这是十分棒的。
05:39
We were talking about dancing ponies, but I was really jealous
111
327244
2975
我们谈论跳舞的小马，
05:42
of the Walker Arts Center for putting up this festival,
112
330219
3316
但我真的很嫉妒沃克艺术中心支持设置这个节日，
05:45
because it's very, very wonderful.
113
333535
2384
因为它真的非常非常精彩。
05:47
And there's this Flaubert quote that I love:
114
335919
2940
引用一句我所钟爱的Flaubert的话，
05:50
"I have always tried to live in an ivory tower,
115
338859
1945
“我一直尝试着住在一座象牙塔里，
05:52
but a tide of shit is beating at its walls,
116
340804
2360
但是一股胡说八道的言论在敲打它的墙壁，
05:55
threatening to undermine it."
117
343164
1946
威胁着要破坏它。”
05:57
I consider myself the tide of shit.
118
345110
2145
我认为我自己就是那一股胡说八道的言论。
05:59
(Laughter) (Applause)
119
347255
5644
（笑声）（掌声）
06:04
You know, we have to go through that.
120
352899
1690
你们知道，我们必须穿越它。
06:06
Even in the 1930s, my colleagues
121
354589
2776
即使在十九世纪30年代，我的同行们
06:09
that were trying to put together an abstract art show
122
357365
2525
准备举办一个抽象艺术展，把这些类型的作品都汇集起来，
06:11
had all of these works stopped by the customs officers
123
359890
2997
但是被海关工作人员阻止了，
06:14
that decided they were not art.
124
362887
2004
这些人决定着这些作品不是艺术。
06:16
So it's happened before, and it will happen in the future,
125
364891
2568
这样的事情在以前发生过，在将来还会发生，
06:19
but right now I can tell you that I am so, so proud
126
367459
4280
但是现在，我能告诉你们我是如此地骄傲，
06:23
to be able to call Pac-Man part of the MoMA collection.
127
371739
4224
能把«小精灵»称为现代艺术博物馆藏品的一部分。
06:27
And the same with, for instance, Tetris, original version, the Soviet one.
128
375963
5393
同样地，例如，«俄罗斯方块»，苏联的原始版本
06:33
And you know, the amount of work --
129
381356
2526
你们知道，这个工作量…
06:35
yeah, Alexey Pajitnov was working for the Soviet government
130
383882
3589
好吧，Alexey Pajitnov那时正为苏联政府工作，
06:39
and that's how he developed Tetris,
131
387471
1854
这也是他如何开发了«俄罗斯方块»。
06:41
and Alexey himself reconstructed the whole game
132
389325
3886
Alexey自己又重建了整个游戏，
06:45
and even gave us a simulation of the cathode ray tube
133
393211
3738
甚至给了我们一个模拟的阴极射线管，
06:48
that makes it look slightly bombed.
134
396949
3511
使它看上去有点像遭轰炸的。
06:52
And it's fantastic.
135
400460
1504
这是多么令人惊叹啊。
06:53
So behind these acquisitions is an enormous amount of work,
136
401964
3164
在这些收购品的背后是无比巨大的工作量，
06:57
because we're still the Museum of Modern Art,
137
405128
1403
因为我们仍然是现代艺术博物馆，
06:58
so even when we tackle popular culture,
138
406531
1707
所以纵使我们正视通俗文化，
07:00
we tackle it as a form of interaction design
139
408238
3129
我们视它为交互设计的一种形式，
07:03
and as something that has to go into the collection at MoMA,
140
411367
2150
现代艺术博物馆必须收藏的藏品。
07:05
therefore, has to be researched.
141
413517
2064
因此，它必须被研究。
07:07
So to get to choosing Eric Chahi's
142
415581
2950
让我们从众多电子游戏中，
07:10
wonderful Another World, amongst others,
143
418531
2648
选择Eric Chahi的美好的«另一个世界»来看，
07:13
we put together a panel of experts,
144
421179
1680
我们组织了一个专家小组，
07:14
and we worked on this acquisition,
145
422859
1510
为这个收购而努力，
07:16
and it's mostly myself and Kate Carmody and Paul Galloway.
146
424369
3507
主要是我自己、Kate Carmody和Paul Galloway
07:19
We worked on it for a year and a half.
147
427876
2249
为此我们工作了一年半，
07:22
So many people helped us — designers of games,
148
430125
2973
有很多人帮助了我们，游戏的设计师们，
07:25
you might know Jamin Warren
149
433098
2170
你们可能知道Jamin Warren，
07:27
and his collaborators at Kill Screen magazine,
150
435268
2488
和他的«Kill Screen»杂志的合作者们。
07:29
and you know, Kevin Slavin. You name it.
151
437756
1732
你知道，还有Kevin Slavin，只要你能想到的，
07:31
We bugged everybody, because we knew that we were ignorant.
152
439488
3264
我们烦扰了每一个人，因为我们了解自己是多么无知。
07:34
We were not real gamers enough,
153
442752
2146
我们还不足以是真正的游戏玩家，
07:36
so we had to really talk to them.
154
444898
2056
所以我们必须真正与他们交谈。
07:38
And so we decided, of course, to have Sim City 2000,
155
446954
3561
所以我们决定拥有«模拟城市2000»，
07:42
not the other Sim City, that one in particular,
156
450515
2928
当然不是其它版本的«模拟城市»，尤其是那一版，
07:45
so the criteria that we developed along the way
157
453443
2999
在我们发展的道路上建立起来的标准十分强大。
07:48
were really strong, and were not only criteria of selection.
158
456442
3249
而且不单是选拔标准，
07:51
They were also criteria of exhibition and of preservation.
159
459691
4184
还包括展示和保存的标准。
07:55
That's what makes this acquisition more than a little game
160
463875
3303
这也使得这个收购超越了一个小小的游戏，
07:59
or a little joke. It's truly a way to think of how to preserve
161
467178
3891
或开个小玩笑，这真的是一种思路考虑如何保存
08:03
and show artifacts that will more and more
162
471069
2815
和展示文物，
08:05
become part of our lives in the future.
163
473884
1963
这些东西将越来越成为我们未来生活的一部分。
08:07
We live today, as you know very well, not in the digital,
164
475847
3052
我们生活在当下，正如你很清楚的那样，不是在数字中，
08:10
not in the physical, but in the kind of minestrone
165
478899
3216
也不是在物质中，而是在那种通心粉里。
08:14
that our mind makes of the two.
166
482115
2040
我们的思想中融合了这两种。
08:16
And that's really where interaction lies,
167
484155
3129
这确实是交互作用之所在，
08:19
and that's the importance of interaction.
168
487284
2255
是交互作用的重要性。
08:21
And in order to explain interaction, we need to really
169
489539
3144
为了解释交互作用，
08:24
bring people in and make them realize
170
492683
2641
我们确实需要把人们带进，
08:27
how interaction is part of their lives.
171
495324
1706
并且让他们意识到交互作用如何组成了他们生活中的一部分。
08:29
So when I talk about it, I don't talk only about video games,
172
497030
2829
当我谈论它的时候，我不会只说电子游戏，
08:31
which are in a way the purest form of interaction,
173
499859
2513
某种程度上它们是交互作用最纯粹的形式，
08:34
unadulterated by any kind of function or finality.
174
502372
3472
不掺杂某种功能或结果。
08:37
I also talk about the MetroCard vending machine,
175
505844
3147
我还会讲捷运卡自动售货机，
08:40
which I consider a masterpiece of interaction.
176
508991
2126
我认为它是交互作用的杰作。
08:43
I mean, that interface is beautiful.
177
511117
2311
我的意思是，它的界面是很漂亮的。
08:45
It looks like a burly MTA guy coming out of the tunnel.
178
513428
3577
它看上去像一个魁梧的地铁男走出隧道。
08:49
You know, with your mitt you can actually paw
179
517005
3559
你们知道，带着手套你依然可以笨拙去拿捷运卡。
08:52
the MetroCard, and I talk about how bad
180
520564
3269
我想说
08:55
ATM machines usually are.
181
523833
3061
自动柜员机通常是多么的差劲。
08:58
So I let people understand that it's up to them
182
526894
2829
所以我想让人们明白，
09:01
to know how to judge interaction
183
529723
2242
由他们自己决定该如何评判交互作用，
09:03
so as to know when it's good or when it's bad.
184
531965
2027
以便知道何时好何时坏。
09:05
So when I show The Sims,
185
533992
1653
当我展出«模拟人生»时，
09:07
I try to make people really feel what it meant
186
535645
3477
我努力想让人们真正地感受到，
09:11
to have an interaction with The Sims,
187
539122
1899
与«模拟人生»交互到底意味着什么，
09:13
not only the fun but also the responsibility
188
541021
2357
除了乐趣还有责任，
09:15
that came with the Tamagotchi.
189
543378
1875
这也是«电子鸡»所带给我们的。
09:17
You know, video games can be truly deep
190
545253
1880
你们知道，电子游戏可以非常地深入，
09:19
even when they're completely mindless.
191
547133
1744
甚至当它们完全盲目时。
09:20
I'm sure that all of you know Katamari Damacy.
192
548877
2528
我确信在座的各位都知道«块魂»，
09:23
It's about rolling a ball and picking up as many objects as you can
193
551405
3721
它是一种在有限的时间里滚动一个球，
09:27
in a finite amount of time
194
555126
1831
并抓住尽量多的物品的游戏，
09:28
and hopefully you'll be able to make it into a planet.
195
556957
2363
希望你将能使它成为一个星球。
09:31
I've never made it into a planet, but that's it.
196
559320
2245
我从没使它成为一个星球，但仅此而已。
09:33
Or, you know, Vib-Ribbon was not distributed here in the United States.
197
561565
3168
你们知道，«线条兔»并没有在美国发行，
09:36
It was a PlayStation game, but mostly for Japan.
198
564733
2192
它是一个PS游戏，但主要是在日本。
09:38
And it was one of the first video games
199
566925
1669
它是最早的电子游戏之一，
09:40
in which you could choose your own music.
200
568594
1701
游戏里你可以选用自己的音乐，
09:42
So you would put into the PlayStation,
201
570295
2322
你可以在PS机里
09:44
you would put your own CD,
202
572617
1805
放你自己的CD，
09:46
and then the game would change alongside your music. So really fantastic.
203
574422
4762
然后游戏就会随着你的音乐而改变。所以真是奇妙。
09:51
Not to mention Eve Online.
204
579184
1411
更不用说«星战前夜»了。
09:52
Eve Online is an artificial universe, if you wish,
205
580595
3081
如果你想的话，«星战前夜»是一个人造宇宙，
09:55
but one of the diplomats that was killed in Benghazi,
206
583676
2553
一位外交官在Benghazi被害，
09:58
not Ambassador Stevens, but one of his collaborators,
207
586229
2608
不是Ambassador Stevens，而是他的合作者之一，
10:00
was a really big shot in Eve Online,
208
588837
1868
在«星战前夜»里真是个大人物。
10:02
so here you have a diplomat in the real world
209
590705
2620
所以这里在现实世界中你有一个外交官，
10:05
that spends his time in Eve Online
210
593325
2488
他把自己的时间都花在玩«星战前夜»这个游戏上，
10:07
to kind of test, maybe, all of his ideas about diplomacy
211
595813
4169
可能有点考验他所有的想法关于外交ˎ
10:11
and about universe-building, and to the point that
212
599982
2957
宇宙建设，到如此地步，
10:14
the first announcement of the bombing
213
602939
2010
第一次宣布轰炸
10:16
was actually given on Eve Online,
214
604949
2416
实际上是在«星战前夜»发出的。
10:19
and after his death, several parts of the universe
215
607365
2384
在他死后，
10:21
were named after him.
216
609749
1460
宇宙的几部分将以他的名字命名。
10:23
And I was just recently at the Eve Online fan festival
217
611209
3834
我最近去了Reykjavík参加了«星战前夜»迷们的聚会，
10:27
in Reykjavík that was quite amazing.
218
615043
2138
相当的令人惊叹。
10:29
I mean, we're talking about an experience
219
617181
2552
我指，我们谈起某一次体验，
10:31
that of course can seem weird to many,
220
619733
2792
当然在许多人看来可能会是怪异的，
10:34
but that is very educational.
221
622525
1898
但它是极有教育意义的。
10:36
Of course, there are games that are even more educational.
222
624423
2873
当然，有更加有教育意义的游戏。
10:39
Dwarf Fortress is like the holy grail
223
627296
2692
«矮人要塞»就像这种
10:41
of this kind of massive multiplayer online game,
224
629988
2389
大型多人在线游戏的圣杯。
10:44
and in fact the two Adams brothers were in Reykjavík,
225
632377
2546
事实上，Adams俩兄弟也在Reykjavík，
10:46
and they were greeted
226
634923
2634
迎接他们的是
10:49
by a standing ovation by all the Eve Online fans.
227
637557
3208
全场«星战前夜»迷们的起立鼓掌。
10:52
It was amazing to see. And it's a beautiful game.
228
640765
2592
看上去相当的神奇，其本身就是一个漂亮的游戏。
10:55
So you start seeing here that
229
643357
2544
你可以从这儿看起，
10:57
the aesthetics that are so important
230
645901
1760
对于像现代艺术博物馆这样的博物馆藏品来说，
10:59
to a museum collection like MoMA's
231
647661
1843
美学是十分重要的。
11:01
are kept alive also by the selection of these games.
232
649504
3661
选择这些游戏使美学依然有其影响。
11:05
And you know, Valve -- you know, Portal --
233
653165
1960
你们知道，Valve开发的«传送门»，
11:07
is an example of a video game in which
234
655125
2123
是电子游戏的一个例子。
11:09
you have a certain type of violence
235
657248
2314
在游戏里你有某种暴力行为，
11:11
which also leads me to talk about
236
659562
2099
这也导致我谈谈
11:13
one of the biggest issues that we had to discuss
237
661661
2346
我们一定要讨论的其中一个最大的问题，
11:16
when we acquired the video games, what to do with violence.
238
664007
2260
当我们收购电子游戏时，该如何对待暴力呢？
11:18
Right? We had to make decisions.
239
666267
2404
是吧？我们必须做出一个决定。
11:20
At MoMA, interestingly, there's a lot of violence
240
668671
3558
有趣的是，在现代艺术博物馆，
11:24
depicted in the art part of the collection,
241
672229
2904
艺术部分的藏品描绘了许多暴力。
11:27
but when I came to MoMA 19 years ago, and as an Italian,
242
675133
3216
但是当我19年前来到现代艺术博物馆的时候，作为一个意大利人，
11:30
I said, "You know what, we need a Beretta."
243
678349
1551
我说，“你知道，我们需要一个枪支制造商。”
11:31
And I was told, "No. No guns in the design collection."
244
679900
3113
有人对我说，“不，设计收藏中没有枪支。”
11:35
And I was like, "Why?"
245
683013
932
我就问，“为什么？”
11:35
Interestingly, I learned that it's considered
246
683945
3516
有趣的是，我才知道需要考虑
11:39
that in design and in the design collection,
247
687461
1750
在设计和设计收藏品中，
11:41
what you see is what you get.
248
689211
1237
你看到的就是你得到的。
11:42
So when you see a gun, it's an instrument for killing in the design collection.
249
690448
3890
当你看到一把枪的时候，它是一个设计收藏品中的杀人工具。
11:46
If it's in the art collection,
250
694338
1613
如果它在艺术收集品中，
11:47
it might be a critique of the killing instrument.
251
695951
3744
它可能是批判杀人工具。
11:51
So it's very interesting.
252
699695
1706
因此这是非常有趣的。
11:53
But we are acquiring our critical dimension also in design,
253
701401
2639
但是我们也从设计中得到批判性的视角，
11:56
so maybe one day we'll be able to acquire also the guns.
254
704040
2491
因此可能有一天，我们也将会收购手枪。
11:58
But here, in this particular case, we decided,
255
706531
3264
但是这里，在此个别情况下，我们
12:01
you know, with Kate and Paul,
256
709795
1283
和Kate 与Paul决定，
12:03
that we would have no gratuitous violence.
257
711078
2259
我们将摒弃无端的暴力。
12:05
So we have Portal because you shoot walls
258
713337
2752
所以我们收藏了«传送门»，因为你们向墙壁射击
12:08
in order to create new spaces.
259
716089
1320
是为了创造新的空间。
12:09
We have Street Fighter II, because martial arts are good.
260
717409
3105
我们收藏了«街头霸王 II»，因为武术是好的。
12:12
(Laughter)
261
720514
1516
（笑声）
12:14
But we don't have GTA because,
262
722030
4102
但我们没有收藏«侠盗猎车手»，因为，
12:18
maybe it's my own reflection,
263
726132
1607
可能是我自己的反思，
12:19
I've never been able to do anything but crashing cars
264
727739
2383
我从不会做任何事情除了撞毁汽车，
12:22
and shooting prostitutes and pimps.
265
730122
1960
枪击妓女及皮条客们。
12:24
So it was not very constructive. (Laughter)
266
732082
3541
所以它并不是非常有建设性的。（笑声）
12:27
So, I'm making fun of it, but we discussed this
267
735623
4246
好吧，我在嘲笑它，但是我们讨论这件事
12:31
for so many days. You have no idea.
268
739869
3087
有许多天了。你一点主意也没有。
12:34
And to this day, I am ambivalent,
269
742956
2327
至今我仍然在矛盾着。
12:37
but when you have instead games like Flow, there's no doubt.
270
745283
3416
但是当你有替代的游戏像«浮游世界»，当然毫无疑问。
12:40
It's like, it's about serenity and it's about sublime.
271
748699
3200
它有点像是关于宁静和崇高的。
12:43
It's about experiencing what it means to be a sea creature.
272
751899
4286
它是关于体验变成海洋生物意味着什么。
12:48
Then we have a few also side-scrollers -- classical ones.
273
756185
3825
我们也有少量像«横向卷轴»等的经典游戏。
12:52
So it's quite a hefty collection.
274
760010
1834
这的确是一个巨大的收藏。
12:53
And right now, we started with the first 14,
275
761844
2258
现在，让我们从最初的14个开始，
12:56
but we have several that are coming up,
276
764102
1893
我们还有数个即将收购的游戏，
12:57
and the reason why we haven't acquired them yet
277
765995
1912
为什么我们还没有收购它们呢？
12:59
is because you don't acquire just the game.
278
767907
2428
因为你不会只收购游戏，
13:02
You acquire the relationship with the company.
279
770335
2074
你还收购与公司之间的关系。
13:04
What we want, what we aspire to, is the code.
280
772409
3098
我们想要，渴望得到的是代码。
13:07
It's very hard to get, of course.
281
775507
1397
当然，这是很难得到的。
13:08
But that's what would enable us to preserve
282
776904
1873
不过这也使我们能够
13:10
the video games for a really long time,
283
778777
1989
>在一段很长的时间里保存游戏。
13:12
and that's what museums do.
284
780766
1273
这也是博物馆所做的。
13:14
They also preserve artifacts for posterity.
285
782039
2601
当然他们也为后人保存文物。
13:16
In absence of the code, because, you know,
286
784640
2620
因为，你们知道，如果没有代码，
13:19
video game companies are not very forthcoming in some cases,
287
787260
3767
电子游戏公司在某些情况下不是很愿意，
13:23
in absence of that, we acquire the relationship with the company.
288
791027
3496
在没有代码的情况下，我们收购与公司的关系。
13:26
We're going to stay with them forever.
289
794523
1280
我们将永远和它们在一起，
13:27
They're not going to get rid of us.
290
795803
1233
他们不会摆脱我们。
13:29
And one day, we'll get that code. (Laughter)
291
797036
3471
总有一天，我们会得到那个代码。（笑声）
13:32
But I want to explain to you the criteria that we chose
292
800507
3168
但是我想向你们解释我们选择交互设计的准则，
13:35
for interaction design. Aesthetics are really important.
293
803675
3022
美学是非常重要的。
13:38
And I'm showing you Core War here,
294
806697
2041
在这儿我想向你们展示«磁芯大战»，
13:40
which is an early game that takes advantage aesthetically
295
808738
3315
它是一种早期的游戏，
13:44
of the limitations of the processor.
296
812053
1821
从美学上利用处理器的局限性。
13:45
So the kind of interferences that you see here
297
813874
3249
你在这里看到的这种干扰，
13:49
that look like beautiful barriers in the game
298
817123
2644
看起来像游戏中的美丽屏障，
13:51
are actually a consequence of the processor's limitedness,
299
819767
4347
事实上是处理器局限性的后果，
13:56
which is fantastic. So aesthetics is always important.
300
824114
3080
真是很奇妙。所以美学始终是非常重要的。
13:59
And so is space, the spatial aspect of games.
301
827194
4004
游戏的空间方面也是如此。
14:03
You know, I feel that the best video games
302
831198
2144
我觉得最好的电子游戏是那些
14:05
are the ones that have really savvy architects
303
833342
3536
在幕后由真正资深的设计师制作的。
14:08
that are behind them, and if they're not architects,
304
836878
2623
如果他们不是受过良好训练的架构师，
14:11
bona fide trained in architecture, they have that feeling.
305
839501
2638
他们就不会有这种感觉。
14:14
But the spatial evolution in video games is extremely important.
306
842139
4088
但空间演变在电子游戏中是极其重要的。
14:18
Time. The way we experience time in video games,
307
846227
2960
时间，我们在电子游戏中度过时间的方式，
14:21
as in other forms of interaction design,
308
849187
2782
像在其它形式的交互设计中一样，
14:23
is really quite amazing.
309
851969
1259
确实是令人惊叹的。
14:25
It can be real time or it can be the time within the game,
310
853228
3005
它可以是真实的时间，也可以是游戏中的时间。
14:28
as is in Animal Crossing, where seasons
311
856233
2216
例如在«动物之森»中，
14:30
follow each other at their own pace.
312
858449
2592
季节以各自的节奏更替。
14:33
So time, space, aesthetics,
313
861041
3279
所以时间ˎ空间ˎ美学，
14:36
and then, most important, behavior.
314
864320
2369
然后，最重要的行为。
14:38
The real core issue of interaction design is behavior.
315
866689
4120
交互设计的真正的核心问题是行为。
14:42
Designers that deal with interaction design behaviors
316
870809
3477
设计师们处理交互设计行为。
14:46
that go to influence the rest of our lives.
317
874286
2315
这些行为去影响我们生活的其它部分。
14:48
They're not just limited to our interaction with the screen.
318
876601
2535
它们并不局限于我们与屏幕的互动。
14:51
In this case, I'm showing you Marble Madness,
319
879136
2049
在这个例子中，我将给你们展示«疯狂石头»。
14:53
which is a beautiful game
320
881185
1201
这是一个美丽的游戏。
14:54
in which the controller is a big sphere that vibrates with you,
321
882386
3271
控制者是一个大球体和你一起颤动，
14:57
so you have a sphere that's moving in this landscape,
322
885657
2433
所以在这种风景下你有一个运动的球体。
15:00
and the sphere, the controller itself, gives you a sense of the movement.
323
888090
4532
这个球体，控制者本身，给了你运动的感觉。
15:04
In a way, you can see how video games
324
892622
2355
某种程度上，你可以看到电子游戏
15:06
are the purest aspect of interaction design
325
894977
2712
怎样是最纯净的交互设计方面，
15:09
and are very useful to explain what interaction is.
326
897689
4619
以及在解释交互设计是什么时是如此的有用。
15:14
We don't want to show the video games
327
902308
2085
我们不想使用一些设备来展示电子游戏，
15:16
with the paraphernalia. No arcade nostalgia.
328
904393
2942
没有怀旧街机游戏。
15:19
If anything, we want to show the code,
329
907335
1682
如果可以的话，我们想展示代码。
15:21
and here you see Ben Fry's distellamap of Pac-Man,
330
909017
3014
这里你看到Ben Fry的«小精灵»游戏的
15:24
of the Pac-Man code.
331
912031
1489
操作代码与图形的混合。
15:25
So the way we acquired the games is very interesting
332
913520
4339
我们收购游戏的方式是十分有趣的，
15:29
and very unorthodox. You see them here
333
917859
2196
也是极不寻常的。你看在这里，
15:32
displayed alongside other examples of design,
334
920055
4008
它们陈列在其它设计样品的旁边，
15:36
furniture and other parts,
335
924063
1610
家具和其他的部分，
15:37
but there's no paraphernalia, no nostalagia,
336
925673
3228
但是这儿没有游戏设备，没有怀旧街机，
15:40
only the screen and a little shelf with the controllers.
337
928901
2949
只有屏幕和带控制器的小架子。
15:43
The controllers are, of course, part of the experience,
338
931850
2144
当然，控制器是这种体验的一部分，
15:45
so you cannot do away with it.
339
933994
2449
因而你不可以没有它。
15:48
But interestingly, this choice was not condemned
340
936443
4498
有趣的是，这个选择并没有被游戏者们
15:52
too vehemently by gamers.
341
940941
1345
太过强烈地谴责。
15:54
I was afraid that they would kill us,
342
942286
1307
我以前曾担心他们会杀了我们，
15:55
and instead they understood, especially
343
943593
2066
相反，他们理解了我们，
15:57
when I told them that I was trying to apply the same stratagem
344
945659
2704
特别是当我告诉他们我正尝试
16:00
that Philip Johnson applied in 1934
345
948363
3142
应用Philip Johnson在1934年使用的相同的攻略。
16:03
when he wanted to make people understand
346
951505
2042
他当时想让人们理解设计的重要性，
16:05
the importance of design, and he took propeller blades
347
953547
2312
他采用了螺旋桨推进器，
16:07
and pieces of machinery and
348
955859
2280
一些机器的零件，
16:10
in the MoMA galleries he put them on white pedestals
349
958139
3127
他把它们放在现代艺术博物馆走廊里的白色底座上，
16:13
against white walls, as if they were Brancusi sculptures.
350
961266
3217
紧靠着白色的墙壁，就好像它们是Brancusi的雕塑。
16:16
He created this strange distance, this shock,
351
964483
3728
他创造了这个怪异的间隔，这种冲击，
16:20
that made people realize how gorgeous formally,
352
968211
3658
使人们认识到是这些设计零件是
16:23
and also important functionally, design pieces were.
353
971869
3768
多么华丽而又庄重并且有着重要的功能。
16:27
I would like to do the same with video games.
354
975637
2254
我也想这样来介绍电子游戏。
16:29
By getting rid of the sticky carpets and the cigarette butts
355
977891
3080
摆脱了黏地毯和烟蒂
16:32
and everything else that we might remember from our childhood,
356
980971
2608
以及任何可能回忆起我们童年的东西。
16:35
I want people to understand
357
983579
4571
我想让人们明白
16:40
that those are important forms of design.
358
988150
1869
这些是设计的重要形式。
16:42
And in a way, the video games, the fonts and everything else
359
990019
3178
某种程度上，电子游戏、字体以及其它任何东西，
16:45
lead us to make people understand
360
993197
2684
都引导我们使人们理解
16:47
a wider meaning for design.
361
995881
2342
设计的更广泛的含义。
16:50
One of my dream acquisitions,
362
998223
2053
我梦想的收购品之一，
16:52
which has been on hold for a few years
363
1000276
1915
已经搁置了好几年，
16:54
but now will come back on the front burner,
364
1002191
3002
不过现在将要回到首要位置的，
16:57
is a 747.
365
1005193
1432
是一架747。
16:58
I would like to acquire it, but without owning it.
366
1006625
2938
我想要收购它，但不想拥有它。
17:01
I don't want it to be at MoMA and possessed by MoMA.
367
1009563
3311
我不想要它出现并被现代艺术博物馆所拥有，
17:04
I want it to keep flying.
368
1012874
1384
我想要它继续飞翔。
17:06
So it's an acquisition where MoMA makes an arrangement
369
1014258
3540
这是一个收藏品，现代艺术博物馆与航空公司达成了一个协议，
17:09
with an airline and keeps the Boeing 747 flying.
370
1017798
4767
让波音747继续飞翔。
17:14
And the same with the "@" sign that we acquired a few years ago.
371
1022565
3118
同样，我们几年前收购的"@"符号 ，
17:17
It was the first example of an acquisition of something
372
1025683
2182
它是公共领域收藏品的
17:19
that is in the public domain.
373
1027865
1405
第一个例子。
17:21
And what I say to people, it's almost as if
374
1029270
1760
我想对人们说的是，这几乎就像是
17:23
a butterfly were flying by
375
1031030
1974
一只蝴蝶在飞舞，
17:25
and we captured the shadow on the wall,
376
1033004
3149
我们抓住了它在墙壁上的影子，
17:28
and just we're showing the shadow.
377
1036153
1457
而我们只是在展示这个影子。
17:29
So in a way, we're showing a manifestation
378
1037610
2208
换言之，我们正在展示一种
17:31
of something that is truly important
379
1039818
2513
非常重要东西的表现，
17:34
and that is part of our identity but that nobody can have.
380
1042331
3631
这是我们身份的一部分，没人可以拥有。
17:37
And it's too long to explain the acquisition,
381
1045962
1936
要解释收购实在是需要太多的言语了。
17:39
but if you want to go on the MoMA blog,
382
1047898
2506
不过如果你想上现代艺术博物馆的博客，
17:42
there's a long post where I explain why
383
1050404
2094
有一篇很长的帖子里我解释了为什么
17:44
it's such a great example of design.
384
1052498
2288
它是这样一个设计很好的例子。
17:46
Along the way, I've had to burn a few chairs. You know?
385
1054786
3361
在这个过程中，我不得不烧掉几把椅子。你们知道吗？
17:50
I've had to do away with a few concepts of design past.
386
1058147
4319
我不得不废除过去设计的一些概念。
17:54
But I see that people are coming along,
387
1062466
2816
然而我看到人们正在进步，
17:57
that the audiences, paradoxically,
388
1065282
1750
相反的是，相比我的一些同事们而言，听众们
17:59
are much more responsive and much more understanding
389
1067032
2826
更加积极响应而且更加理解
18:01
of this expansion of design than some of my colleagues are.
390
1069858
4058
这种设计的扩展。
18:05
Design is truly everywhere,
391
1073916
1527
设计是真的无处不在。
18:07
and design is as important as anything,
392
1075443
2968
设计和任何事情一样重要。
18:10
and I'm so glad that, because of its diversity
393
1078411
2460
我很欣慰，由于它的多样性，
18:12
and because of its centrality to our lives,
394
1080871
2315
由于它是我们生活中的中心，
18:15
many more people are coming to it
395
1083186
1713
越来越多的人们正在认识它，
18:16
as a profession, as a passion,
396
1084914
2089
作为一个专业，或者一种激情，
18:19
and as, very simply, part of their own culture.
397
1087003
2974
或者简单地作为自己修养的一部分。
18:21
Thank you very much.
398
1089977
1143
非常感谢。
18:23
(Applause)
399
1091120
4095
（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paola Antonelli - Design curatorPaola Antonelli is on a mission to introduce -- and explain -- design to the world. With her shows at New York's Museum of Modern Art, she celebrates design's presence in every part of life.
Why you should listen
Since she stepped back from practicing architecture in order to focus on writing about design, teaching and curating gallery exhibitions, Italian native Paola Antonelli has become a force to be reckoned with in the design world. Working at the Museum of Modern Art in New York since 1994, she is senior curator of the gallery's Architecture and Design department and, as of 2012, the museum's first ever director of research and development. Antonelli has worked on shows such as "Humble Masterpieces," which celebrated traditionally unheralded design icons such as the paperclip; "Design and the Elastic Mind," considering the relationship of design and technology, and "Talk to Me ," which looked at design and the communication of people and objects.
Ever mindful that the majority of visitors to MOMA are attracted by artists such as Picasso and Matisse, Antonelli works to ensure that if they do stumble across a design-related show, they'll be both entertained and enlightened. In 2012, she led a move to acquire 14 video games for the museum's permanent collection.
Paola Antonelli | Speaker | TED.com