TED2015
Anand Giridharadas: A tale of two Americas. And the mini-mart where they collided
Anand Giridharadas: 两个美国的故事，他们在小店相撞
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9/11后的第10天，德克萨斯小店袭击案粉碎了2个男人的生活：受害者和袭击者。在这个精彩的演讲中，Anand Giridharadas,“真实的美国人”的作者，讲述了之后发生的故事。这是一个关于美国人走向两条不同道路的隐喻，也是对和谐共处的强有力的号召。
Anand Giridharadas - Writer
Anand Giridharadas writes about people and cultures caught amid the great forces of our time. Full bio
Anand Giridharadas writes about people and cultures caught amid the great forces of our time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
"Where are you from?"
said the pale, tattooed man.
said the pale, tattooed man.
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“你从哪儿来的？“
那个脸色苍白，带有纹身的男人问道。
那个脸色苍白，带有纹身的男人问道。
00:19
"Where are you from?"
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”你从哪儿来的？“
00:24
It's September 21, 2001,
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这是二零零一年，九月二十一日，
00:28
10 days after the worst attack
on America since World War II.
on America since World War II.
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是美国在二战后受到的最严重袭击之后的
第十天。
第十天。
00:34
Everyone wonders about the next plane.
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每个人都怀疑会不会有下一架飞机。
00:38
People are looking for scapegoats.
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人们在寻找替罪羊。
00:42
The president,
the night before, pledges to
the night before, pledges to
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总统在前一个晚上宣誓
00:46
"bring our enemies to justice
or bring justice to our enemies."
or bring justice to our enemies."
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“把我们的敌人绳之以法
或者用正义感召我们的敌人。“
或者用正义感召我们的敌人。“
00:52
And in the Dallas mini-mart,
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在达拉斯的一个小店，
00:58
a Dallas mini-part surrounded
by tire shops and strip joints
by tire shops and strip joints
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这个小店的周围
有车胎商店和脱衣舞厅。
有车胎商店和脱衣舞厅。
01:04
a Bangladeshi immigrant
works the register.
works the register.
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一个孟加拉国移民在
收款处工作，
收款处工作，
01:08
Back home, Raisuddin Bhuiyan
was a big man, an Air Force officer.
was a big man, an Air Force officer.
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在家乡，Raisuddin Bhuiyan 是一个
魁梧的男人，曾是一个空军军官，
魁梧的男人，曾是一个空军军官，
01:15
But he dreamed of a
fresh start in America.
fresh start in America.
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但他梦想在美国有一个新的开始。
01:18
If he had to work briefly in a mini-mart
to save up for I.T. classes
to save up for I.T. classes
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他只是想在小杂货店暂时工作，为I.T课程
01:24
and his wedding in two months, so be it.
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和两个月后的婚礼存下一些钱，就是这样。
01:27
Then, on September 21,
that tattooed man enters the mart.
that tattooed man enters the mart.
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然而，在九月二十一日，
那个纹身的男人走进了杂货店。
那个纹身的男人走进了杂货店。
01:32
He holds a shotgun.
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他举着一把猎枪。
01:36
Raisuddin knows the drill:
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Raisuddin知道该怎么做：
01:38
puts cash on the counter.
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他把现款放到了柜台上。
01:42
This time, the man doesn't
touch the money.
touch the money.
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这一次，这个男人对钱不感兴趣。
01:46
"Where are you from?" he asks.
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“你从哪儿来的？”他问道。
01:50
"Excuse me?" Raisuddin answers.
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“对不起？” Raisuddin 回答说。
01:56
His accent betrays him.
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他的口音出卖了他。
02:00
The tattooed man, a self-styled
true American vigilante,
true American vigilante,
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纹身的男人，自愿的
美国民间复仇者，
美国民间复仇者，
02:05
shoots Raisuddin in revenge for 9/11.
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为了911复仇而向Raisuddin射击。
02:10
Raisuddin feels millions of bees
stinging his face.
stinging his face.
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Raisuddin感觉有上百万个蜜蜂
在咬噬他的脸。
在咬噬他的脸。
02:15
In fact, dozens of scalding,
birdshot pellets puncture his head.
birdshot pellets puncture his head.
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事实上，是几十片滚烫的
弹珠粒射入了他的头里。
弹珠粒射入了他的头里。
02:22
Behind the counter, he lays in blood.
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在柜台后面，他倒入了血泊中。
02:25
He cups a hand over his forehead
to keep in the brains
to keep in the brains
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他的一只手罩在前额，
02:30
on which he'd gambled everything.
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想起他为之孤注一掷的一切。
02:34
He recites verses from the Koran,
begging his God to live.
begging his God to live.
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他背诵可兰经的片段，
祈求他的上帝让他活着。
祈求他的上帝让他活着。
02:40
He senses he is dying.
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他意识到自己正在死亡。
02:45
He didn't die.
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但他并没有死去。
02:47
His right eye left him.
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他失去了右眼，
02:51
His fiancée left him.
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他的未婚妻离开了他。
02:54
His landlord, the mini-mart owner,
kicked him out.
kicked him out.
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他的雇主，杂货店的主人
解雇了他。
解雇了他。
02:58
Soon he was homeless and
60,000 dollars in medical debt,
60,000 dollars in medical debt,
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不久他就变成一个无家可归的人
而且有6万美元的医疗债务，
而且有6万美元的医疗债务，
03:04
including a fee for dialing
for an ambulance.
for an ambulance.
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还包括叫救护车的费用。
03:09
But Raisuddin lived.
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但 Raisuddin活了下来。
03:12
And years later, he would ask
what he could do to repay his God
what he could do to repay his God
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几年以后，他开始问自己
怎样去回报他的上帝，
怎样去回报他的上帝，
03:18
and become worthy of this second chance.
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并且让这个重生的机会变得更有价值。
03:21
He would come to believe, in fact,
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事实上，他开始相信
03:23
that this chance called for him
to give a second chance
to give a second chance
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这个机会是让他
给另一个我们认为
给另一个我们认为
03:29
to a man we might think
deserved no chance at all.
deserved no chance at all.
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不值得再有机会的人一个重生的机会。
03:35
Twelve years ago, I was a fresh graduate
seeking my way in the world.
seeking my way in the world.
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十二年以后， 我是一个初出茅庐的
研究生，在这个世上寻找我的道路。
研究生，在这个世上寻找我的道路。
03:41
Born in Ohio to Indian immigrants,
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我在俄亥俄的印度移民中出生，
03:44
I settled on the ultimate rebellion
against my parents,
against my parents,
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我对父母的一套由衷地反感，
03:47
moving to the country they had worked
so damn hard to get out of.
so damn hard to get out of.
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搬到了他们劳心费力离开的国度。
03:52
What I thought might be a six-month stint
in Mumbai stretched to six years.
in Mumbai stretched to six years.
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我原以为只是在孟买六个月的暂留，
却延长到了六年。
却延长到了六年。
03:58
I became a writer and found myself
amid a magical story:
amid a magical story:
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我成为一个作家而且发现自己
置身于一个神奇的故事中：
置身于一个神奇的故事中：
04:02
the awakening of hope across much
of the so-called Third World.
of the so-called Third World.
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来唤醒被称为第三世界的希望。
04:07
Six years ago, I returned to America
and realized something:
and realized something:
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六年前，我回到美国并且意识道一些事：
04:12
The American Dream was thriving,
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美国梦非常兴旺，
04:15
but only in India.
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但只是在印度。
04:18
In America, not so much.
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在美国，却并非如此。
04:22
In fact, I observed that
America was fracturing
America was fracturing
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实际上，我观察到美国正在破裂
04:26
into two distinct societies:
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成两个显著的社团：
04:28
a republic of dreams
and a republic of fears.
and a republic of fears.
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一个梦想的共和国
和一个忧患的共和国。
和一个忧患的共和国。
04:32
And then, I stumbled onto this
incredible tale of two lives
incredible tale of two lives
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而后我碰巧遇上了这两个人
的令人不可思议的故事
的令人不可思议的故事
04:36
and of these two Americas that brutally
collided in that Dallas mini-mart.
collided in that Dallas mini-mart.
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这两个美国人在达拉斯小杂货店
残酷地相撞，
残酷地相撞，
04:43
I knew at once I wanted to learn more,
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我立刻知道我想了解更多的情形。
04:46
and eventually that I would write
a book about them,
a book about them,
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最终我会写一本有关于他们的书，
04:48
for their story was the story
of America's fracturing
of America's fracturing
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因为他们的故事是美国破裂的见证，
04:52
and of how it might be put back together.
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并且该如何在让它完整起来。
04:58
After he was shot, Raisuddin's life
grew no easier.
grew no easier.
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在Raisuddin被射击后，他的生活
更艰难了。
更艰难了。
05:02
The day after admitting him,
the hospital discharged him.
the hospital discharged him.
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医院在第二天就让他出去，
05:06
His right eye couldn't see.
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她的右眼看不见，
05:08
He couldn't speak.
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他还不能说话。
05:10
Metal peppered his face.
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金属灼烧了他的脸。
05:13
But he had no insurance,
so they bounced him.
so they bounced him.
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但他没有医疗保险，于是他们
拒绝了他。
拒绝了他。
05:17
His family in Bangladesh
begged him, "Come home."
begged him, "Come home."
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他的远在孟加拉国的家人求他“回家”
05:23
But he told them he had
a dream to see about.
a dream to see about.
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但他告诉他们他要实现他的梦想。
05:27
He found telemarketing work,
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他找到了电话营销工作，
05:29
then he became an Olive Garden waiter,
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后来他又做了橄榄花园餐厅的服务生，
05:32
because where better to get over his fear
of white people than the Olive Garden?
of white people than the Olive Garden?
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因为让他结束对白种人的恐惧，
还有比橄榄花园更好的地方吗？
还有比橄榄花园更好的地方吗？
05:37
(Laughter)
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（笑声）翻译解释：橄榄花园餐厅是
美国连锁意大利餐馆，以中产阶级白人为顾客。
美国连锁意大利餐馆，以中产阶级白人为顾客。
05:40
Now, as a devout Muslim,
he refused alcohol,
he refused alcohol,
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作为一个虔诚的穆斯林，他拒绝酒精饮品，
05:44
didn't touch the stuff.
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从不接触那玩意儿。
05:47
Then he learned that not selling it
would slash his pay.
would slash his pay.
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但他后来得知不卖酒会减少他的收入。
05:52
So he reasoned, like a budding
American pragmatist,
American pragmatist,
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于是他做了让步，像美国实用主义的萌芽，
05:56
"Well, God wouldn't want me
to starve, would he?"
to starve, would he?"
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“嗯，上帝不想让我挨饿，是吗？”
06:00
And before long, in some months,
Raisuddin was that Olive Garden's
Raisuddin was that Olive Garden's
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不久，在某些月份，Raisuddin
成为橄榄花园餐厅
成为橄榄花园餐厅
06:03
highest grossing alcohol pusher.
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酒精销售总额最高的服务生。
06:07
He found a man who taught him
database administration.
database administration.
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他找到了一个男人教他数据库管理。
06:11
He got part-time I.T. gigs.
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他有了一份I.T半工兼职。
06:13
Eventually, he landed a six-figure job
at a blue chip tech company in Dallas.
at a blue chip tech company in Dallas.
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最终，他在达拉斯一家蓝筹股
公司找到一份6位数字的工作。
公司找到一份6位数字的工作。
06:20
But as America began
to work for Raisuddin,
to work for Raisuddin,
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但是当美国开始成全Raisuddin时，
06:24
he avoided the classic
error of the fortunate:
error of the fortunate:
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他避免了幸运的古典错误：
06:28
assuming you're the rule,
not the exception.
not the exception.
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设想你就是规则，而不是例外。
06:32
In fact, he observed that many with
the fortune of being born American
the fortune of being born American
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事实上，他观察到
很多幸运的生而为美国人的人们
很多幸运的生而为美国人的人们
06:38
were nonetheless trapped in lives that
made second chances like his impossible.
made second chances like his impossible.
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尽管被困在生活中，但却
不可能取得像他一样的第二次机会。
不可能取得像他一样的第二次机会。
06:45
He saw it at the Olive Garden itself,
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他在橄榄花园餐厅看到了这种情况。
06:48
where so many of his colleagues had
childhood horror stories
childhood horror stories
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很多他一起工作的同事有着很可怕的童年
06:52
of family dysfunction, chaos,
addiction, crime.
addiction, crime.
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因为家庭的破灭，混乱，沉溺，犯罪。
06:56
He'd heard a similar tale about
the man who shot him
the man who shot him
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他参加审判的时候
07:01
back when he attended his trial.
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听到那个射击他的男人有相似的故事.
07:04
The closer Raisuddin got to the America
he had coveted from afar,
he had coveted from afar,
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Raisuddin 越接近到他从远方觊觎的美国，
07:09
the more he realized there was
another, equally real, America
another, equally real, America
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他越意识到一个同样真实的美国
07:13
that was stingier with second chances.
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吝啬给予它的第二次机会。
07:19
The man who shot Raisuddin grew up
in that stingier America.
in that stingier America.
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射击Raisuddin的男人
成长在一个单亲家庭。
成长在一个单亲家庭。
07:25
From a distance, Mark Stroman
was always the spark of parties,
was always the spark of parties,
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从外面看来，马克.斯托曼总是
派对上的闪光，
派对上的闪光，
07:30
always making girls feel pretty.
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总是让他的女孩们觉得自己很漂亮。
07:34
Always working, no matter what
drugs or fights he'd had the night before.
drugs or fights he'd had the night before.
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他总是在工作，不管在前一天晚上
用过什么药物或者打过架。
用过什么药物或者打过架。
07:39
But he'd always wrestled with demons.
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然而他总是跟魔鬼在赌博。
07:43
He entered the world through
the three gateways
the three gateways
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他走进了使很多年轻的
07:45
that doom so many young American men:
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美国人失败的三扇门：
07:48
bad parents, bad schools, bad prisons.
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不负责任的父母，坏学校，坏监狱。
07:53
His mother told him, regretfully, as a boy
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他的母亲很懊悔地告诉还是小男孩的他，
07:56
that she'd been just 50 dollars
short of aborting him.
short of aborting him.
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她只是缺少50块钱才没有打掉他。
08:02
Sometimes, that little boy
would be at school,
would be at school,
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有时，那个小男孩在学校
08:08
he'd suddenly pull a knife
on his fellow classmates.
on his fellow classmates.
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会突然对着他的同学抽出一把刀，
08:12
Sometimes that same little boy
would be at his grandparents',
would be at his grandparents',
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而有时同样的这个男孩
会在他的祖父母那里
会在他的祖父母那里
08:16
tenderly feeding horses.
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温柔地喂马。
08:18
He was getting arrested before he shaved,
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在他开始剔毛之前，
08:21
first juvenile, then prison.
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还是少年，就去了监狱
08:23
He became a casual white supremacist
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他变成了一个随意的白人至上主义者。
08:26
and, like so many around him,
a drug-addled and absent father.
a drug-addled and absent father.
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跟他周围的人一样，
没有父亲，滥用毒品。
没有父亲，滥用毒品。
08:32
And then, before long,
he found himself on death row,
he found himself on death row,
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不久，他发现他自己在死囚牢房。
08:37
for in his 2001 counter-jihad,
he had shot not one mini-mart clerk,
he had shot not one mini-mart clerk,
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因为他2001年的反异教徒，他
不是射杀了一个杂货店的收银员，
不是射杀了一个杂货店的收银员，
08:43
but three.
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而是三个。
08:45
Only Raisuddin survived.
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只有Raisuddin存活下来。
08:48
Strangely, death row was
the first institution
the first institution
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奇怪的是，死囚牢房是
08:53
that left Stroman better.
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让斯托曼变好的第一个学校。
08:57
His old influences quit him.
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旧有的影响离开了他，
08:59
The people entering his life
were virtuous and caring:
were virtuous and caring:
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善意和关心的人们进入了他的生命：
09:03
pastors, journalists, European pen-pals.
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牧师，杂志作家，欧洲的笔友，
09:07
They listened to him, prayed with him,
helped him question himself.
helped him question himself.
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他们听他诉说，与他一同祷告，
教他反思。
教他反思。
09:14
And sent him on a journey
of introspection and betterment.
of introspection and betterment.
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并且送给他反思和改造的杂志。
09:19
He finally faced the hatred
that had defined his life.
that had defined his life.
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他最终面对成就他一生的仇恨
09:24
He read Viktor Frankl,
the Holocaust survivor
the Holocaust survivor
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他读了维克托.弗兰克尔的
《大屠杀幸存者》
《大屠杀幸存者》
09:27
and regretted his swastika tattoos.
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并且悔恨他的卍纹身，
09:30
He found God.
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他找到了上帝。
09:32
Then one day in 2011,
10 years after his crimes,
10 years after his crimes,
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在2011年，在他犯罪的十年以后，
09:37
Stroman received news.
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斯托曼收到消息。
09:39
One of the men he'd shot, the survivor,
was fighting to save his life.
was fighting to save his life.
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一个被他射杀的男人，那名幸存者
在努力拯救他的生命。
在努力拯救他的生命。
09:47
You see, late in 2009,
eight years after that shooting,
eight years after that shooting,
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你看，在2009年，在射杀事件的八年之后，
09:53
Raisuddin had gone on his own journey,
a pilgrimage to Mecca.
a pilgrimage to Mecca.
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Raisuddin自己走上了去麦加朝圣的旅途。
09:59
Amid its crowds,
he felt immense gratitude,
he felt immense gratitude,
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置身于朝圣的人群中，他无比感激，
10:03
but also duty.
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而且也感到肩负重任。
10:05
He recalled promising God,
as he lay dying in 2001,
as he lay dying in 2001,
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他回想起2001年当他濒临死亡时
面对上帝许下的诺言，
面对上帝许下的诺言，
10:09
that if he lived, he would serve
humanity all his days.
humanity all his days.
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如果他活着，他一生要为人类服务。
10:14
Then, he'd gotten busy
relaying the bricks of a life.
relaying the bricks of a life.
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然后他忙于构建人生，
10:19
Now it was time to pay his debts.
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现在就是他向上帝付清他欠款的时候。
10:23
And he decided, upon reflection,
that his method of payment
that his method of payment
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经过深思熟虑，他决定他的付出方式
10:27
would be an intervention
in the cycle of vengeance
in the cycle of vengeance
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是介入穆斯林和西方之间
10:31
between the Muslim and Western worlds.
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复仇的怪圈。
10:33
And how would he intervene?
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他怎么做呢？
10:36
By forgiving Stroman publicly
in the name of Islam
in the name of Islam
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以以色列的名字和它的仁慈
10:40
and its doctrine of mercy.
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公开地宽恕斯托曼
10:42
And then suing the state of Texas
and its governor Rick Perry
and its governor Rick Perry
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然后起诉得克萨斯州及
州长里克·佩里
州长里克·佩里
10:49
to prevent them from executing Stroman,
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来阻止他们执行斯托曼死刑，
10:52
exactly like most people
shot in the face do.
shot in the face do.
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就像大多数的
在脸上遭到枪击的人一样。
在脸上遭到枪击的人一样。
10:56
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:58
Yet Raisuddin's mercy was inspired
not only by faith.
not only by faith.
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虽然Raisuddin的仁慈不只是
从上帝而来的启示，
从上帝而来的启示，
11:05
A newly minted American citizen,
he had come to believe that Stroman
he had come to believe that Stroman
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作为一个崭新的美国公民，
他已经开始相信斯托曼
他已经开始相信斯托曼
11:11
was the product of a hurting America that
couldn't just be lethally injected away.
couldn't just be lethally injected away.
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是美国创伤的产物，并非
一针致死注射能带走的。
一针致死注射能带走的。
11:18
That insight is what moved me
to write my book "The True American."
to write my book "The True American."
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他的慧眼感动了我，让我想写
“真正的美国人“ 一书。
“真正的美国人“ 一书。
11:23
This immigrant begging America
to be as merciful to a native son
to be as merciful to a native son
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这位移民恳求美国
11:27
as it had been to an adopted one.
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对待本国的孩子
要像对外来的移民一样仁慈。
要像对外来的移民一样仁慈。
11:32
In the mini-mart, all those years earlier,
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早在这些年以前，在小杂货店，
11:35
not just two men,
but two Americas collided.
but two Americas collided.
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不只是两个男人，而是两个美国的相撞。
11:40
An America that still dreams,
still strives,
still strives,
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一个美国依然有梦，依然努力，
11:42
still imagines that tomorrow
can build on today,
can build on today,
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依然想着明天能够建筑在今天之上，
11:47
and an America that has resigned to fate,
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而另一个美国却引咎于命运，
11:50
buckled under stress and chaos,
lowered expectations,
lowered expectations,
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在压力，混乱，无所期待的捆绑下，
11:53
an ducked into the oldest of refuges:
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躲进古老的避难所：
11:56
the tribal fellowship of one's
own narrow kind.
own narrow kind.
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部落联合的狭隘思想，
12:00
And it was Raisuddin, despite
being a newcomer,
being a newcomer,
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而Raisuddin，不只是一个新来者，
12:02
despite being attacked,
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尽管被攻击，
12:04
despite being homeless and traumatized,
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尽管是无家可归和心怀创伤的，
12:07
who belonged to that republic of dreams
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但他属于他那个共和的梦想，
12:10
and Stroman who belonged to that
other wounded country,
other wounded country,
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而斯托曼却属于另一个受伤的国度,
12:15
despite being born with the privilege
of a native white man.
of a native white man.
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尽管他来自具有优越感的本土白人。
12:20
I realized these men's stories formed
an urgent parable about America.
an urgent parable about America.
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我意识到这些男人的故事
形成了一个关于美国的比喻。
形成了一个关于美国的比喻。
12:26
The country I am so proud to call my own
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那个我如此自豪称为我自己的祖国
12:30
wasn't living through a
generalized decline
generalized decline
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没有经过一般
12:34
as seen in Spain or Greece,
where prospects were dimming for everyone.
where prospects were dimming for everyone.
176
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在西班牙和希腊所见到的萧条，
在那儿每个人都前景黯淡。
在那儿每个人都前景黯淡。
12:41
America is simultaneously the most
and the least successful country
and the least successful country
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美国在工业化的世界
12:46
in the industrialized world.
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是一个最成功，同时也是
最失败的国家。
最失败的国家。
12:49
Launching the world's best companies,
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具有世界上最好的公司，
12:51
even as record numbers
of children go hungry.
of children go hungry.
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同样有许多孩子在挨饿。
12:54
Seeing life-expectancy drop
for large groups,
for large groups,
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看得见预期寿命在广大群体的下降，
12:59
even as it polishes
the world's best hospitals.
the world's best hospitals.
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却也同样有标榜世界上最好的医院。
13:02
America today is a sprightly young body,
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美国的今天是活泼的年轻的身体，
13:07
hit by one of those strokes
that sucks the life from one side,
that sucks the life from one side,
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却遭受了一记重击，让生命从一边溜走，
13:12
while leaving the other
worryingly perfect.
worryingly perfect.
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从而留下另一边尽管完美，却让人忧虑。
13:17
On July 20, 2011, right after
a sobbing Raisuddin
a sobbing Raisuddin
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二 零一一年，七月二十日，
在哭诉之后，Raisuddin
在哭诉之后，Raisuddin
13:24
testified in defense of Stroman's life,
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作证为斯托曼的生命辩护，
13:26
Stroman was killed by lethal injection
by the state he so loved.
by the state he so loved.
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斯托曼在他热爱的州被执行了致死注射，
13:32
Hours earlier, when Raisuddin still
thought he could still save Stroman,
thought he could still save Stroman,
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几个小时之前，当Raisuddin 依然
在思考他能救下斯托曼，
在思考他能救下斯托曼，
13:37
the two men got to speak
for the second time ever.
for the second time ever.
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两个男人有了第二次的谈话。
13:40
Here is an excerpt from their phone call.
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这是他们电话的摘录。
13:43
Raisuddin: "Mark, you should know
that I am praying for God,
that I am praying for God,
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Raisuddin:“马克，你该知道
13:49
the most compassionate and gracious.
193
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我正在向最热忱和最荣耀的主祷告。
13:52
I forgive you and I do not hate you.
194
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我原谅你，我不恨你。
13:54
I never hated you."
195
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2991
我从来都没有恨过你。“
13:57
Stroman: "You are a remarkable person.
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斯托曼：“你是一个杰出的男人。
14:02
Thank you from my heart.
197
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我从心底感谢你，
14:04
I love you, bro."
198
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2887
我爱你，兄弟。”
14:07
Even more amazingly, after the execution,
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更令人惊奇的是，在死刑后，
14:11
Raisuddin reached out to Stroman's
eldest daughter, Amber,
eldest daughter, Amber,
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Raisuddin找到斯托曼的
14:15
an ex-convinct and an addict.
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有过定罪前科，而且是个瘾君子大女儿，安泊，
14:18
and offered his help.
202
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要求帮助她。
14:20
"You may have lost a father,"
he told her,
he told her,
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“你也许失去了一个父亲，” 他对她说，
14:23
"but you've gained an uncle."
204
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3542
“但是你得到了一个叔叔。”
14:26
He wanted her, too, to have
a second chance.
a second chance.
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他希望她也有第二次机会。
14:32
If human history were a parade,
206
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如果人类历史是一次游行，
14:37
America's float would be
a neon shrine to second chances.
a neon shrine to second chances.
207
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6707
美国的花车是一个
崭新闪亮的第二次机会。
崭新闪亮的第二次机会。
14:44
But America, generous with second chances
to the children of other lands,
to the children of other lands,
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但是美国，慷慨地把第二次机会
给了从其他国土来的孩子，
给了从其他国土来的孩子，
14:50
today grows miserly with first chances
to the children of its own.
to the children of its own.
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6216
但吝啬地只给他自己的孩子一次机会。
14:56
America still dazzles at allowing
anybody to become an American.
anybody to become an American.
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4927
美国还是招摇地允许任何人变成美国公民。
15:01
But it is losing its luster at allowing
every American to become a somebody.
every American to become a somebody.
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但他失去了让任何一个美国人都成功的光亮。
15:07
Over the last decade, seven million
foreigners gained American citizenship.
foreigners gained American citizenship.
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过去十年，七百万外国人获得了美国公民。
15:12
Remarkable.
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2024
非常好。
15:14
In the meanwhile, how many Americans
gained a place in the middle class?
gained a place in the middle class?
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而同时，有多少美国人
挤上了中产阶级的班车？
挤上了中产阶级的班车？
15:19
Actually, the net influx was negative.
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事实上，净流入是负值。
15:23
Go back further,
and it's even more striking:
and it's even more striking:
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再往前回顾一下会更
令人吃惊。
令人吃惊。
15:25
Since the 60s, the middle class
has shrunk by 20 percent,
has shrunk by 20 percent,
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5231
从六十年代起，中产阶级
缩小了百分之二十，
缩小了百分之二十，
15:31
mainly because of the people
tumbling out of it.
tumbling out of it.
218
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3352
主要是人们达不到那个水平
15:34
And my reporting around the country
tells me the problem is grimmer
tells me the problem is grimmer
219
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3662
我所有的关于这个国家的报告
告诉我
告诉我
15:38
than simple inequality.
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问题比简单的不平等更严峻。
15:40
What I observe is a pair of secessions
from the unifying center of American life.
from the unifying center of American life.
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我观察到的是美国生活的两个分裂体系，
15:46
An affluent secession of up, up and away,
222
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3528
一个是高高在上的富裕体系，
15:50
into elite enclaves of the educated
and into a global matrix
and into a global matrix
223
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3432
汇集了受过教育的精英阶层，
15:53
of work, money and connections,
224
941534
2783
进入全球的关于工作，金钱和人脉的矩阵，
15:56
and an impoverished secession
of down and out
of down and out
225
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4098
和一个贫穷的分裂
潦倒的体系
潦倒的体系
16:00
into disconnected, dead-end lives
226
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2744
在自生自灭，穷途末路的生活里
16:03
that the fortunate scarcely see.
227
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4024
看不到任何幸运。
16:07
And don't console yourself
that you are the 99 percent.
that you are the 99 percent.
228
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5285
不要安慰你自己你是那个百分之九十九。
16:13
If you live near a Whole Foods,
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4586
如果你住得离“大千超市”很近，
16:18
if no one in your family serves
in the military,
in the military,
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3663
如果你家没人在军队，
16:22
if you're paid by the year,
not the hour,
not the hour,
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5219
你不是按小时付薪而是按年付薪的话，
16:27
if most people you know finished college,
232
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3397
如果你认识的大多数人都完成了大学课程，
16:30
if no one you know uses meth,
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2322
如果你认识的人中没人使用甲基毒品，
16:33
if you married once and remain married,
234
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2180
如果你只结婚一次而且依然在婚姻之中，
16:35
if you're not one of 65 million Americans
with a criminal record --
with a criminal record --
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4342
如果你不是六千五百万的具有犯罪
记录的美国人之一－
记录的美国人之一－
16:39
if any or all of these things
describe you,
describe you,
236
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3782
如果上述所有的事情都符合你，
16:43
then accept the possibility that actually,
237
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2867
那么接受这样一种可能性，
16:46
you may not know what's going on
238
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2423
你实际上可能根本不知道到底发生了什么，
16:48
and you may be part of the problem.
239
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5889
你也许就是这问题中的一部分。
16:54
Other generations had to build
a fresh society after slavery,
a fresh society after slavery,
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5988
以前的几代人不得不
在奴隶之后建立一个新的社会，
在奴隶之后建立一个新的社会，
17:00
pull through a depression,
defeat fascism,
defeat fascism,
241
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4264
从萧条中走出，反击法西斯
17:04
freedom-ride in Mississippi.
242
1012840
2729
自由飘荡在密西西比。
17:07
The moral challenge of
my generation, I believe,
my generation, I believe,
243
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我相信在我这一代人中，道德的挑战
17:10
is to reacquaint these two Americas,
244
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3117
是重新融合这两种美国人，
17:13
to choose union over secession once again.
245
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5179
再一次选择联合而不是分裂。
17:18
This ins't a problem we can tax
or tax-cut away.
or tax-cut away.
246
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3945
这不是我们能够用税收
或者减少税收能解决的问题。
或者减少税收能解决的问题。
17:22
It won't be solved by tweeting harder,
building slicker apps,
building slicker apps,
247
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4190
它不能够以多用推特
或建立更完美的软件而解决，
或建立更完美的软件而解决，
17:26
or starting one more
artisanal coffee roasting service.
artisanal coffee roasting service.
248
1034527
4438
或启动一个
手工咖啡烘焙服务能解决的。
手工咖啡烘焙服务能解决的。
17:30
It is a moral challenge that begs
each of us in the flourishing America
each of us in the flourishing America
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这是一个道德挑战需要我们每个人
在美国的蓬勃发展中
在美国的蓬勃发展中
17:37
to take on the wilting America as our own,
250
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4095
像Raisuddin努力所做的一样
17:41
as Raisuddin tried to do.
251
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3015
把凋零的美国当作我们的责任。
17:44
Like him, we can make pilgrimages.
252
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2581
像他一样，我们能做一次朝圣。
17:46
And there, in Baltimore and Oregon
and Appalachia,
and Appalachia,
253
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3523
在巴尔的摩，俄勒冈
和阿巴拉契亚地区，
和阿巴拉契亚地区，
17:50
find new purpose, as he did.
254
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2492
发现新的目标，就像他一样
17:52
We can immerse ourselves
in that other country,
in that other country,
255
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3259
我们可以投身于那样的异国，
17:56
bear witness to its hopes and sorrows,
256
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3777
见证了它的希望和悲伤，
17:59
and, like Raisuddin, ask what we can do.
257
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6855
并且像Raisuddin一样，
问问我们自己能做什么。
问问我们自己能做什么。
18:06
What can you do?
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3126
你能做什么？
18:09
What can you do?
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你能做什么？
18:11
What can we do?
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我们能做什么？
18:13
How might we build
a more merciful country?
a more merciful country?
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我们如何建立一个更仁慈的国家？
18:18
We, the greatest inventors in the world,
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我们，世界最伟大的发明者，
18:22
can invent solutions to the problems
of that America, not only our own.
of that America, not only our own.
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能够发明解决美国问题的办法，
不只是对我们自己的。
不只是对我们自己的。
18:27
We, the writers and the journalists,
can cover that America's stories,
can cover that America's stories,
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我们这些作家和杂志作者
能够讲述美国的故事，
能够讲述美国的故事，
18:31
instead of shutting down
bureaus in its midst.
bureaus in its midst.
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而不是身在其中，却做个局外人。
18:34
We can finance that America's ideas,
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我们可以资助美国的梦想，
18:38
instead of ideas from New York
and San Francisco.
and San Francisco.
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而不必采纳纽约或旧金山的主意，
18:41
We can put our stethoscopes to its backs,
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我们就能够针砭时弊，
18:44
teach there, go to court there,
make there, live there, pray there.
make there, live there, pray there.
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说教，上法庭，在那儿居住，祈祷。
18:50
This, I believe, is the calling
of a generation.
of a generation.
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我相信，这就是召唤
18:55
An America whose two halves learn again
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美国两个分开的一代重组
18:58
to stride, to plow, to forge,
to dare together.
to dare together.
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去一起奋斗，耕耘，开拓，
冒险。
冒险。
19:06
A republic of chances, rewoven, renewed,
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一个重新编织，更新的共和的机会
19:12
begins with us.
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就从我们开始。
19:15
Thank you.
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感谢大家
19:17
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anand Giridharadas - WriterAnand Giridharadas writes about people and cultures caught amid the great forces of our time.
Why you should listen
Anand Giridharadas is a writer. He is a New York Times columnist, writing the biweekly "Letter from America." He is the author, most recently, of The True American: Murder and Mercy in Texas, about a Muslim immigrant’s campaign to spare from Death Row the white supremacist who tried to kill him. In 2011 he published India Calling: An Intimate Portrait of a Nation's Remaking, about returning to the India his parents left.
Giridharadas's datelines include Italy, India, China, Dubai, Norway, Japan, Haiti, Brazil, Colombia, Nigeria, Uruguay and the United States. He is an on-air contributor for NBC News and appears regularly on "Morning Joe." He has given talks on the main stage of TED and at Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, Yale, Princeton, the University of Michigan, the Aspen Institute, Summit at Sea, the Sydney Opera House, the United Nations, the Asia Society, PopTech and Google. He is a Henry Crown fellow of the Aspen Institute.
Giridharadas lives in Brooklyn, New York, with his wife, Priya Parker, and their son, Orion.
Anand Giridharadas | Speaker | TED.com