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Sangu Delle: There's no shame in taking care of your mental health
桑谷 · 德尔: 关注你的心理健康并不可耻
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当企业家桑谷 · 德尔面临太大的压力时，他不得不面对自己内心一些根深蒂固的偏见：男人不应该照顾自己的心理健康。在这个演讲中，德尔分享了他如何在一个排斥情绪的社会中应对焦虑心理。正如他所说：“直面自我的感受并不会使我们变弱——它会使我们成为一个完整的人。”
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Last year ...
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过去的一年……
简直糟糕透了。
00:14
was hell.
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（笑声）
00:16
(Laughter)
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00:20
It was my first time eating
Nigerian "jollof."
Nigerian "jollof."
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我第一次尝试了尼日利亚的“辣椒鱼肉饭”。
（笑声）
00:24
(Laughter)
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00:26
Actually, in all seriousness,
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不过说正经的，
那时的我正经历着一系列个人危机。
00:29
I was going through a lot
of personal turmoil.
of personal turmoil.
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00:33
Faced with enormous stress,
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面临巨大的压力，
我经常会焦虑发作。
00:35
I suffered an anxiety attack.
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00:38
On some days, I could do no work.
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有的时候我甚至什么都做不了。
00:42
On other days,
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有的时候，
我只想躺在床上哭。
00:44
I just wanted to lay in my bed and cry.
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00:48
My doctor asked if I'd like to speak
with a mental health professional
with a mental health professional
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医生建议我和一名心理健康专家谈谈，
聊一聊我的压力和焦虑。
00:53
about my stress and anxiety.
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00:56
Mental health?
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心理健康？
00:58
I clammed up and violently
shook my head in protest.
shook my head in protest.
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我赌气地不说话，拼命摇头表示抗议。
01:05
I felt a profound sense of a shame.
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我感觉特别的羞耻。
01:10
I felt the weight of stigma.
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简直无地自容。
01:15
I have a loving, supportive family
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我有一个温馨互助的家庭，
极其忠诚的朋友，
01:17
and incredibly loyal friends,
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但我居然无法接受这种想法，
01:19
yet I could not entertain
the idea of speaking to anyone
the idea of speaking to anyone
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不愿和朋友聊聊我的痛苦。
01:24
about my feeling of pain.
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01:28
I felt suffocated
by the rigid architecture
by the rigid architecture
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我好像被所谓非洲男子
01:32
of our African masculinity.
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"刚毅的气概"死死扼住了喉咙。
01:35
"People have real problems, Sangu.
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“人们都会遇到各种问题，桑谷。
别再硬撑了。”
01:37
Get over yourself!"
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01:40
The first time I heard "mental health,"
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我第一次听到“心理健康”这个词的时候，
01:43
I was a boarding school student
fresh off the boat from Ghana,
fresh off the boat from Ghana,
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刚刚从加纳坐船来，成为新泽西州佩迪中学的
一名寄宿学生。
01:47
at the Peddie School in New Jersey.
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01:51
I had just gone through
the brutal experience
the brutal experience
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我刚刚历经了惨痛的悲剧，
01:54
of losing seven loved ones
in the same month.
in the same month.
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一个月内失去了七名挚爱之人。
01:58
The school nurse,
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当时的校医
很关心我的经历——愿上帝保佑她——
02:00
concerned about what I'd gone
through -- God bless her soul --
through -- God bless her soul --
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她仔细地询问了我的心理状况。
02:04
she inquired about my mental health.
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02:07
"Is she mental?" I thought.
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“她是不是脑子不好？”我暗想。
02:10
Does she not know I'm an African man?
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“她难道不知道我是非洲男人？”
（笑声）
02:12
(Laughter)
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就像《解体》的主人公奥贡喀沃，
02:13
Like Okonkwo in "Things Fall Apart,"
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我们非洲男人不在乎，
也不会倾诉自己的心情。
也不会倾诉自己的心情。
02:15
we African men neither process
nor express our emotions.
nor express our emotions.
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02:20
We deal with our problems.
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我们只解决问题。
（掌声）
02:22
(Applause)
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02:25
We deal with our problems.
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我们解决问题。
于是我叫来了哥哥，嘲笑了一番
奥伊博人——就是白人——
奥伊博人——就是白人——
02:27
I called my brother and laughed
about "Oyibo" people -- white people --
about "Oyibo" people -- white people --
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以及他们奇奇怪怪的毛病——
02:31
and their strange diseases --
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抑郁，注意力缺失症，以及各种“奇怪的症状”。
02:33
depression, ADD and those "weird things."
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02:38
Growing up in West Africa,
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我从小在西非长大，
当人们使用“mental”这个词时，
大多数指的是疯子，
大多数指的是疯子，
02:40
when people used the term "mental,"
what came to mind was a madman
what came to mind was a madman
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发辫很脏，
02:44
with dirty, dread-locked hair,
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02:47
bumbling around half-naked on the streets.
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半裸着在街上闲晃，步履蹒跚。
02:51
We all know this man.
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我们都知道这样的人。
我们的父母曾警告我们远离他们。
02:52
Our parents warned us about him.
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02:55
"Mommy, mommy, why is he mad?"
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“妈妈，为什么他疯了？”
“嗑药！
02:57
"Drugs!
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“哪怕你只瞥一眼毒品，你也会和他一样。”
02:58
If you even look at drugs,
you end up like him."
you end up like him."
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（笑声）
03:01
(Laughter)
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03:02
Come down with pneumonia,
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如果你得了肺炎，
妈妈会带你冲向最近的医院
03:05
and your mother will rush you
to the nearest hospital
to the nearest hospital
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接受治疗。
03:07
for medical treatment.
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03:10
But dare to declare depression,
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但如果你敢说有抑郁症，
03:13
and your local pastor
will be driving out demons
will be driving out demons
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当地的牧师就会赶来
在你们村子大兴法事、除妖降魔。
03:16
and blaming witches in your village.
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03:19
According to the World
Health Organization,
Health Organization,
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根据世界卫生组织的说法，
心理健康指的是能从容应对
03:22
mental health is about being able to cope
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日常生活中的压力，
03:25
with the normal stressors of life;
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03:27
to work productively and fruitfully;
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高效、有成果地工作；
可以为社区做出贡献。
03:31
and to be able to make
a contribution to your community.
a contribution to your community.
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03:35
Mental health includes our emotional,
psychological and social well-being.
psychological and social well-being.
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心理健康是指情绪、心理和
社会关系上的良好状态。
社会关系上的良好状态。
03:42
Globally, 75 percent
of all mental illness cases
of all mental illness cases
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全球约75%的精神疾病
03:47
can be found in low-income countries.
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都发生在低收入国家。
然而绝大多数非洲政府
03:50
Yet most African governments
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03:52
invest less than one percent
of their health care budget
of their health care budget
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在投给卫生保健的预算中，只有不到1%
03:56
in mental health.
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分配给了心理健康。
03:58
Even worse,
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更糟糕的是，
非洲的心理医生极其短缺。
03:59
we have a severe shortage
of psychiatrists in Africa.
of psychiatrists in Africa.
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04:04
Nigeria, for example,
is estimated to have 200 --
is estimated to have 200 --
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以尼日利亚为例，
全国大概只有200名心理医生，
全国大概只有200名心理医生，
04:09
in a country of almost 200 million.
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但却有2亿人口。
04:14
In all of Africa,
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非洲所有国家中，
04:15
90 percent of our people
lack access to treatment.
lack access to treatment.
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90%的人缺少寻求心理治疗的途径。
04:20
As a result,
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结果，
我们只能孤独地承受着，
04:22
we suffer in solitude,
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04:25
silenced by stigma.
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因感到耻辱而沉默不语。
04:29
We as Africans often respond
to mental health with distance,
to mental health with distance,
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我们非洲人对待心理健康的
态度常常是避讳，
态度常常是避讳，
04:34
ignorance,
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无视，
04:36
guilt,
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内疚，
04:38
fear
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害怕，
04:39
and anger.
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有时还有愤怒。
04:42
In a study conducted by Arboleda-Flórez,
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根据阿尔博莱达-弗洛雷斯的一项调查，
04:47
directly asking, "What is the cause
of mental illness?"
of mental illness?"
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当问到“心理疾病的成因是什么”，
04:51
34 percent of Nigerian respondents
cited drug misuse;
cited drug misuse;
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34%的尼日利亚受访者表示是药物滥用；
04:58
19 percent said divine wrath
and the will of God --
and the will of God --
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19%认为是神的愤怒和旨意——
（笑声）
05:03
(Laughter)
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05:05
12 percent,
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12%认为
05:08
witchcraft and spiritual possession.
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是巫术附身。
05:11
But few cited other known
causes of mental illness,
causes of mental illness,
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但是极少有人提到一些
已知的心理疾病的成因，
已知的心理疾病的成因，
如遗传原因，
05:16
like genetics,
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社会经济地位，
05:18
socioeconomic status,
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战争，
05:20
war,
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冲突，
05:21
conflict
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或者失去心爱的人。
05:23
or the loss of a loved one.
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05:26
The stigmatization against mental illness
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对心理疾病的污名化
05:28
often results in the ostracizing
and demonizing of sufferers.
and demonizing of sufferers.
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常常导致人们对患者的排斥和妖魔化。
05:34
Photojournalist Robin Hammond
has documented some of these abuses ...
has documented some of these abuses ...
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摄影记者罗宾 · 哈蒙德
记录了一些这样的场景，
记录了一些这样的场景，
在乌干达，
05:38
in Uganda,
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05:40
in Somalia,
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索马里，
05:43
and here in Nigeria.
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以及尼日利亚。
05:47
For me,
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对我来说，
05:50
the stigma is personal.
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这种耻辱深刻的影响了我。
05:54
In 2009,
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2009年，
05:56
I received a frantic call
in the middle of the night.
in the middle of the night.
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我在半夜接到了
一个令人惶恐的电话。
一个令人惶恐的电话。
06:01
My best friend in the world --
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我世界上最好的朋友——
一个睿智、深沉、迷人、时尚的小伙子——
06:03
a brilliant, philosophical,
charming, hip young man --
charming, hip young man --
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06:08
was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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被诊断为精神分裂症。
06:12
I witnessed some of the friends
we'd grown up with recoil.
we'd grown up with recoil.
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我看到那些曾经朝夕相处的发小们开始躲闪。
06:19
I heard the snickers.
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我听见了笑声。
06:21
I heard the whispers.
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我听见了窃窃私语。
06:24
"Did you hear he has gone mad?"
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“你听说他疯了吗？”
06:27
"He start torch o!"
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“他一定是脑子坏了！”
06:29
Derogatory, demeaning commentary
about his condition --
about his condition --
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各种关于他情况的难听的议论
06:34
words we would never say
about someone with cancer
about someone with cancer
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——那些我们从不会对癌症患者
或者疟疾患者说的话。
06:38
or someone with malaria.
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06:40
Somehow, when it comes to mental illness,
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不知怎的，当我们说起心理疾病时，
06:44
our ignorance eviscerates all empathy.
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我们的无知抹去了所有的同情心。
06:48
I stood by his side
as his community isolated him,
as his community isolated him,
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尽管他的社区孤立了他，
但我仍然站在了他那边，
但我仍然站在了他那边，
06:54
but our love never wavered.
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我们的心从未动摇。
06:57
Tacitly, I became passionate
about mental health.
about mental health.
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渐渐地，我开始关注心理健康。
07:01
Inspired by his plight,
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受到他窘境的启发，
07:04
I helped found the mental health
special interest alumni group
special interest alumni group
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我帮助自己所在的大学创立了
07:07
at my college.
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心理健康特别兴趣校友团。
07:09
And during my tenure as a resident
tutor in graduate school,
tutor in graduate school,
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在我担任研究生常驻导师的期间，
07:12
I supported many undergraduates
with their mental health challenges.
with their mental health challenges.
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我帮助了许多本科学生
渡过心理层面的难关。
渡过心理层面的难关。
07:17
I saw African students struggle
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我曾遇到过非洲学生忍受着内心的挣扎，
07:19
and unable to speak to anyone.
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却拒绝同任何人交流。
07:22
Even with this knowledge
and with their stories in tow,
and with their stories in tow,
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即使我已经有了一些认知
并了解了他们的故事，
并了解了他们的故事，
07:26
I, in turn, struggled,
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我反而也开始挣扎了，
07:28
and could not speak to anyone
when I faced my own anxiety,
when I faced my own anxiety,
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面对自己的焦虑时，同样地也拒绝交流。
我们太害怕成为疯子了。
07:33
so deep is our fear of being the madman.
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07:39
All of us --
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我们所有人——
07:41
but we Africans especially --
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不仅仅是我们非洲人——
07:44
need to realize that our mental struggles
do not detract from our virility,
do not detract from our virility,
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需要认识到，心理斗争
并不会削弱我们的力量，
并不会削弱我们的力量，
心理创伤也不会消磨我们的意志。
07:50
nor does our trauma taint our strength.
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07:54
We need to see mental health
as important as physical health.
as important as physical health.
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我们要对心理健康和
身体健康一视同仁。
身体健康一视同仁。
08:00
We need to stop suffering in silence.
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我们再不应该在沉默中受苦。
08:06
We must stop stigmatizing disease
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我们必须停止歧视心理疾病，
停止伤害已经饱受折磨的人。
08:09
and traumatizing the afflicted.
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08:13
Talk to your friends.
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请告诉你的朋友。
08:16
Talk to your loved ones.
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告诉你爱的人。
08:18
Talk to health professionals.
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去和健康专家谈谈。
08:21
Be vulnerable.
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做个不那么坚强的人，
08:23
Do so with the confidence
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并且相信，
08:26
that you are not alone.
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你并不孤单。
08:30
Speak up if you're struggling.
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大胆说出你内心的挣扎。
08:34
Being honest about how we feel
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直面内心的感受
并不会使我们变得虚弱；
08:38
does not make us weak;
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08:40
it makes us human.
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反而会使我们成为一个完整的人。
08:43
It is time to end the stigma
associated with mental illness.
associated with mental illness.
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是时候停止对心理疾病的污名化了。
08:49
So the next time your hear "mental,"
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当你下次听到“心理”这个词，
08:53
do not just think of the madman.
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不要仅仅想到那个疯子，
08:56
Think of me.
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也想想我吧。
08:57
(Applause)
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（掌声）
谢谢。
08:59
Thank you.
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（掌声）
09:01
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - EntrepreneurSangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.
Why you should listen
Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.
At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group.
Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma. GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.
Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference.
Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.
Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com