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Sangu Delle: There's no shame in taking care of your mental health
桑谷·德爾: 關注自己的心理健康並不可恥
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當企業家桑谷·德爾的壓力過大時，他不得不直接面對自己深深的成見：即人們不應該改關注自己的心理健康。在一次私人談話中，德爾分享了自己在一個對感情感到不自在的社會裡是如何處理焦慮的。就像他說的：「誠實面對自己的感受並不會使我們弱小，反而讓我們更像個人。」
Sangu Delle - Entrepreneur
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Sangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Last year ...
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去年
糟透了。
00:14
was hell.
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（笑聲）
00:16
(Laughter)
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00:20
It was my first time eating
Nigerian "jollof."
Nigerian "jollof."
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我第一次品嘗了
奈及利亞的辣味大鍋飯。
奈及利亞的辣味大鍋飯。
（笑聲）
00:24
(Laughter)
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00:26
Actually, in all seriousness,
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實際上，嚴肅地說，
我經歷了太多的個人的困境。
00:29
I was going through a lot
of personal turmoil.
of personal turmoil.
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00:33
Faced with enormous stress,
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面對大量的壓力，
我感覺很焦慮。
00:35
I suffered an anxiety attack.
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00:38
On some days, I could do no work.
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有時候，我無法工作。
00:42
On other days,
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有時候，
我甚至只想躺在床上哭泣。
00:44
I just wanted to lay in my bed and cry.
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00:48
My doctor asked if I'd like to speak
with a mental health professional
with a mental health professional
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我的醫生問我是否願意
見一下心理健康專家，
見一下心理健康專家，
談談我的壓力和焦慮。
00:53
about my stress and anxiety.
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00:56
Mental health?
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心理健康？
00:58
I clammed up and violently
shook my head in protest.
shook my head in protest.
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我閉上嘴，瘋狂地搖頭以示抗議。
01:05
I felt a profound sense of a shame.
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一股深深的羞恥感襲上心頭。
01:10
I felt the weight of stigma.
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沉重的羞恥。
01:15
I have a loving, supportive family
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我有一個充滿愛和支持的家庭，
我有一群無比忠誠的朋友，
01:17
and incredibly loyal friends,
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然而我不能接受這樣的想法：
01:19
yet I could not entertain
the idea of speaking to anyone
the idea of speaking to anyone
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01:24
about my feeling of pain.
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與別人談談我痛苦的情感。
01:28
I felt suffocated
by the rigid architecture
by the rigid architecture
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我們非洲對於男子氣概嚴格的觀點
都要讓我窒息了。
01:32
of our African masculinity.
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01:35
"People have real problems, Sangu.
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「人們都有現實的問題，桑谷，
你得戰勝自己！」
01:37
Get over yourself!"
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01:40
The first time I heard "mental health,"
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我第一次聽說「心理健康」時，
01:43
I was a boarding school student
fresh off the boat from Ghana,
fresh off the boat from Ghana,
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我還是來自迦納的一名寄宿新生，
就讀於紐澤西州的佩蒂中學。
01:47
at the Peddie School in New Jersey.
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01:51
I had just gone through
the brutal experience
the brutal experience
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我剛剛經歷了一個月內失去
7 個親人的殘酷事實。
01:54
of losing seven loved ones
in the same month.
in the same month.
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01:58
The school nurse,
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學校的護士
關心我的經歷──上帝保佑她──
02:00
concerned about what I'd gone
through -- God bless her soul --
through -- God bless her soul --
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她詢問我的心理健康狀況。
02:04
she inquired about my mental health.
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02:07
"Is she mental?" I thought.
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「她心理不正常嗎？」我想。
02:10
Does she not know I'm an African man?
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她不知道我是非洲男人嗎？
（笑聲）
02:12
(Laughter)
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就像《生命中不可承受之重》
裡的奧康渥，
裡的奧康渥，
02:13
Like Okonkwo in "Things Fall Apart,"
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我們非洲男人既不處理
也不表達自己的感情。
也不表達自己的感情。
02:15
we African men neither process
nor express our emotions.
nor express our emotions.
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02:20
We deal with our problems.
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我們解決自己的問題。
（掌聲）
02:22
(Applause)
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02:25
We deal with our problems.
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我們解決自己的問題。
我打電話給我的哥哥，嘲笑白人，
02:27
I called my brother and laughed
about "Oyibo" people -- white people --
about "Oyibo" people -- white people --
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和他們奇怪的疾病，
02:31
and their strange diseases --
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比如憂鬱症、注意力缺乏症候群
這些奇怪的東西。
這些奇怪的東西。
02:33
depression, ADD and those "weird things."
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02:38
Growing up in West Africa,
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身為在西非長大的人，
提到「心理」這個名詞時，
進入腦海的是一個瘋子，
進入腦海的是一個瘋子，
02:40
when people used the term "mental,"
what came to mind was a madman
what came to mind was a madman
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頂著看起來髒兮兮的「髒辮頭」，
02:44
with dirty, dread-locked hair,
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半裸著身體在街上搖搖晃晃。
02:47
bumbling around half-naked on the streets.
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02:51
We all know this man.
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我們都認識這個人。
我們的父母用他來警告過我們。
02:52
Our parents warned us about him.
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02:55
"Mommy, mommy, why is he mad?"
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「媽媽，媽媽，他為什麼瘋了？」
「毒品！
02:57
"Drugs!
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就算你只看了一眼毒品，
下場也會和他一樣。」
下場也會和他一樣。」
02:58
If you even look at drugs,
you end up like him."
you end up like him."
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03:01
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:02
Come down with pneumonia,
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如果得了肺炎，
媽媽會帶你到最近的醫院治療。
03:05
and your mother will rush you
to the nearest hospital
to the nearest hospital
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03:07
for medical treatment.
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03:10
But dare to declare depression,
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但是，如果聲稱得了憂鬱症，
03:13
and your local pastor
will be driving out demons
will be driving out demons
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當地的牧師將會驅趕惡魔，
並且責備村子裡的女巫。
03:16
and blaming witches in your village.
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03:19
According to the World
Health Organization,
Health Organization,
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根據世界衛生組織，
心理健康是指能夠處理
03:22
mental health is about being able to cope
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生活中的正常壓力的能力；
03:25
with the normal stressors of life;
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03:27
to work productively and fruitfully;
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高效流暢地工作；
能對社區做出貢獻。
03:31
and to be able to make
a contribution to your community.
a contribution to your community.
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03:35
Mental health includes our emotional,
psychological and social well-being.
psychological and social well-being.
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心理健康包涵我們的情感、
心理和社會福祉。
心理和社會福祉。
03:42
Globally, 75 percent
of all mental illness cases
of all mental illness cases
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全球所有心理疾病案例中的 75%
都能在低收入國家中發現。
03:47
can be found in low-income countries.
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但是絕大多數非洲政府
03:50
Yet most African governments
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僅將其健康預算中不到 1% 的錢
03:52
invest less than one percent
of their health care budget
of their health care budget
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03:56
in mental health.
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投入到心理健康。
03:58
Even worse,
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更糟糕的是，
非洲的精神病醫生嚴重短缺。
03:59
we have a severe shortage
of psychiatrists in Africa.
of psychiatrists in Africa.
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04:04
Nigeria, for example,
is estimated to have 200 --
is estimated to have 200 --
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比如，奈及利亞，
一個兩億人口的國家，
一個兩億人口的國家，
04:09
in a country of almost 200 million.
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只有 200 名精神病醫生。
04:14
In all of Africa,
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整個非洲，
90% 的人缺乏治療。
04:15
90 percent of our people
lack access to treatment.
lack access to treatment.
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04:20
As a result,
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結果是，
我們孤獨地忍受著，
04:22
we suffer in solitude,
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羞恥地沉默著。
04:25
silenced by stigma.
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04:29
We as Africans often respond
to mental health with distance,
to mental health with distance,
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我們非洲人對心理健康的
回應是距離、
回應是距離、
04:34
ignorance,
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無知、
04:36
guilt,
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內疚、
04:38
fear
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恐懼
04:39
and anger.
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和憤怒。
04:42
In a study conducted by Arboleda-Flórez,
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在阿爾博萊達德—弗洛雷斯
指導的一項研究中，
指導的一項研究中，
他直接問道：
「心理疾病的起因是什麼？」
「心理疾病的起因是什麼？」
04:47
directly asking, "What is the cause
of mental illness?"
of mental illness?"
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04:51
34 percent of Nigerian respondents
cited drug misuse;
cited drug misuse;
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34% 的奈及利亞人
認為是濫用毒品；
認為是濫用毒品；
04:58
19 percent said divine wrath
and the will of God --
and the will of God --
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19% 的人歸因於
神的憤怒和上帝的旨意。
神的憤怒和上帝的旨意。
（笑聲）
05:03
(Laughter)
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05:05
12 percent,
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12% 的人則認為是
05:08
witchcraft and spiritual possession.
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巫術和邪靈附身。
05:11
But few cited other known
causes of mental illness,
causes of mental illness,
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但很少有人舉出
已知的精神疾病成因。
已知的精神疾病成因。
例如遺傳、
05:16
like genetics,
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社會經濟狀況、
05:18
socioeconomic status,
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05:20
war,
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戰爭、
衝突，
05:21
conflict
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或者失去親人。
05:23
or the loss of a loved one.
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05:26
The stigmatization against mental illness
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對心理疾病的污名化
常常導致對患者的排斥和妖魔化。
05:28
often results in the ostracizing
and demonizing of sufferers.
and demonizing of sufferers.
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05:34
Photojournalist Robin Hammond
has documented some of these abuses ...
has documented some of these abuses ...
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攝影記者羅賓哈蒙德
已經記錄下了這些行為。
已經記錄下了這些行為。
在烏干達，
05:38
in Uganda,
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05:40
in Somalia,
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在索馬里，
05:43
and here in Nigeria.
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以及這裡，奈及利亞。
05:47
For me,
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對我而言，
05:50
the stigma is personal.
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汙名化是親身的經歷。
05:54
In 2009,
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在 2009年，
05:56
I received a frantic call
in the middle of the night.
in the middle of the night.
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半夜我接到了一通瘋狂的電話，
06:01
My best friend in the world --
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我最好的朋友，
一個才華橫溢、明哲、
迷人、時髦的小伙子，
迷人、時髦的小伙子，
06:03
a brilliant, philosophical,
charming, hip young man --
charming, hip young man --
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被診斷為精神分裂症。
06:08
was diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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06:12
I witnessed some of the friends
we'd grown up with recoil.
we'd grown up with recoil.
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我親眼目睹了一些
一起長大的朋友的做法。
一起長大的朋友的做法。
06:19
I heard the snickers.
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我聽到了竊笑。
06:21
I heard the whispers.
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我聽到了竊竊私語。
06:24
"Did you hear he has gone mad?"
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「你聽說他瘋了的事嗎？」
06:27
"He start torch o!"
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「他開始發飆了！」
06:29
Derogatory, demeaning commentary
about his condition --
about his condition --
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關於他的狀況的
那些貶低、貶損的評論，
那些貶低、貶損的評論，
那些詞，從來不會
用於某個患了癌症的人，
用於某個患了癌症的人，
06:34
words we would never say
about someone with cancer
about someone with cancer
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或者某個得了痢疾的人。
06:38
or someone with malaria.
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06:40
Somehow, when it comes to mental illness,
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不知什麼原因，一談到心理疾病，
我們的無知就將
所有的同情剔除乾淨。
所有的同情剔除乾淨。
06:44
our ignorance eviscerates all empathy.
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06:48
I stood by his side
as his community isolated him,
as his community isolated him,
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當他被社區隔離時，
我站在他的旁邊，
我站在他的旁邊，
06:54
but our love never wavered.
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但我們的愛從未動搖。
06:57
Tacitly, I became passionate
about mental health.
about mental health.
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默默地，我開始關注心理健康。
07:01
Inspired by his plight,
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受到他的困境的啟發，
我在學校發現了一個心理健康
07:04
I helped found the mental health
special interest alumni group
special interest alumni group
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特別興趣校友小組。
07:07
at my college.
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07:09
And during my tenure as a resident
tutor in graduate school,
tutor in graduate school,
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在我擔任研究生宿舍導師期間，
我幫助了很多面臨
心理健康調整的大學生。
心理健康調整的大學生。
07:12
I supported many undergraduates
with their mental health challenges.
with their mental health challenges.
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07:17
I saw African students struggle
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我發現非洲學生在掙扎，
無法跟任何人溝通 。
07:19
and unable to speak to anyone.
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07:22
Even with this knowledge
and with their stories in tow,
and with their stories in tow,
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即使帶著這些知識和他們的故事，
在面對我自己的焦慮時，
07:26
I, in turn, struggled,
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我反而也在掙扎，
並且無法跟任何人溝通。
並且無法跟任何人溝通。
07:28
and could not speak to anyone
when I faced my own anxiety,
when I faced my own anxiety,
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所以深層次的原因
是我們害怕成為瘋子。
是我們害怕成為瘋子。
07:33
so deep is our fear of being the madman.
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07:39
All of us --
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我們所有人──
07:41
but we Africans especially --
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特別是非洲人──
07:44
need to realize that our mental struggles
do not detract from our virility,
do not detract from our virility,
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要意識到我們的心理掙扎
並不會減損我們的力量，
並不會減損我們的力量，
心理創傷也不會腐蝕我們的力量。
07:50
nor does our trauma taint our strength.
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07:54
We need to see mental health
as important as physical health.
as important as physical health.
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我們要意識到心理健康
和身體健康一樣重要。
和身體健康一樣重要。
08:00
We need to stop suffering in silence.
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不要在沉默中忍受。
08:06
We must stop stigmatizing disease
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我們必須停止汙名化疾病，
停止傷害患者。
08:09
and traumatizing the afflicted.
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08:13
Talk to your friends.
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和你的朋友談談，
08:16
Talk to your loved ones.
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和你的親人談談，
08:18
Talk to health professionals.
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和健康專業人士談談，
08:21
Be vulnerable.
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弱勢一點，
08:23
Do so with the confidence
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邁開這一步，並且相信
08:26
that you are not alone.
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你並不是一個人。
08:30
Speak up if you're struggling.
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如果你還在掙扎，大聲說出來。
08:34
Being honest about how we feel
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誠實面對自己的感受
並不會讓我們弱小；
08:38
does not make us weak;
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08:40
it makes us human.
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反而使我們成為人。
08:43
It is time to end the stigma
associated with mental illness.
associated with mental illness.
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是時候終止污名化心理疾病了。
08:49
So the next time your hear "mental,"
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所以，下一次，
當你聽到「心理」這個詞，
當你聽到「心理」這個詞，
08:53
do not just think of the madman.
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不要僅僅想到瘋子，
08:56
Think of me.
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想想我。
08:57
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
謝謝。
08:59
Thank you.
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（掌聲）
09:01
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sangu Delle - EntrepreneurSangu Delle is an entrepreneur and clean water activist. A TED Fellow who hails from Ghana, he sees incredible potential in the African economy.
Why you should listen
Born in Ghana, Sangu Delle's childhood home was a refuge for victims of torture and violence from neighboring Liberia and Sierra Leone. Delle graduated from Harvard College with highest honors in African Studies and Economics. He was awarded the Soros Fellowship and pursued a Juris Doctor of Law and MBA at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School, respectively.
At Harvard, enrolling in the Social Engagement Initiative program that bridged the academic study and practical service gap, Delle co-founded cleanacwa (formerly the African Development Initiative) in 2007, which today is currently working to bring clean water and sanitation to over 200,000 people in 160 villages in the Ayensuano, Suhum and Nandom districts in Ghana. Delle is also passionate about mental health and wellness, and was a founding member of Harvard University’s Mental Health Alumni Special Interest Group.
Delle has previously worked at Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Valiant Capital Partners. Convinced that the real needs of communities can best be met through entrepreneurship, in 2008 he founded an investment holding company, Golden Palm Investments(GPI) to fund promising start-ups that can have social impact and generate jobs. GPI has backed technology startups such as Andela, Flutterwave and mPharma. GPI has also built a portfolio of greenfield companies in healthcare, agriculture and financial services. Delle serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of GPI.
Delle has received several international accolades including being named a 2016 finalist for “Young CEO of the Year” by the Africa CEO Forum, Africa’s “Young Person of the Year” in 2014 by the Future Africa Awards, selected as a 2014 TEDGlobal Fellow, Forbes’ top 30 most promising entrepreneurs in Africa and Euromoney’s “Africa’s Rising Stars” award. Institut Choiseul and Forbes Afrique named Delle as one of the top “100 Economic Leaders in Africa” in 2015. Mic named Delle as one of 9 entrepreneurs in the millennial generation making a difference.
Delle is a Trustee of the Peddie School in NJ and serves on the Advisory Board and chairs the Leadership Council of Harvard University’s Center for African Studies. He also serves on the inaugural West Africa Advisory Group of the Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University.
Delle loves the outdoors and trekked Mount Everest in 2013 and summited Kilimanjaro during the summer of 2015.
Sangu Delle | Speaker | TED.com