TEDGlobal 2014
Bruno Torturra: Got a smartphone? Start broadcasting
布魯諾·托圖拉: 有智慧型手機嗎？那開始直播吧
Filmed:
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2011年的時候，記者布魯諾·托圖拉報導了聖保羅一次事態惡化的抗議活動。他受到了催淚瓦斯的攻擊，這份經歷對他的工作產生的重要的影響，他辭了職，並開始專注於在網上直播原始的、未經剪輯的實錄影片。在這個精彩的演講中，他分享了一些他試驗過的網上直播的方法，並在這一過程中，幫助建立了一個非常現代的媒體網絡。
Bruno Torturra - Livestreaming activist
Journalist and photographer Bruno Torturra is the face of Media Ninja, a Brazilian digital collective making headlines for its ability to cover big news as it happens. Full bio
Journalist and photographer Bruno Torturra is the face of Media Ninja, a Brazilian digital collective making headlines for its ability to cover big news as it happens. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Has anyone among you
ever been exposed to tear gas?
ever been exposed to tear gas?
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在座有人曾經接觸過催淚瓦斯嗎？
00:17
Tear gas? Anyone?
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催淚瓦斯？有人接觸過嗎？
00:20
I'm sorry to hear that, so you might know
that it's a very toxic substance,
that it's a very toxic substance,
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我很抱歉聽到有人接觸過，
如你所知那是種毒性很強的物質，
如你所知那是種毒性很強的物質，
00:25
but you might not know
that it's a very simple molecule
that it's a very simple molecule
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但你可能不知道它是一個非常簡單的分子，
00:28
with an unpronouncable name:
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名字很難唸，
叫做「chlorobenzalmalononitrile 」。
00:30
it's called chlorobenzalmalononitrile.
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我成功了。
00:33
I made it.
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00:35
It's decades old, but it's becoming
very trendy among police forces
very trendy among police forces
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它有幾十年歷史，但最近
00:41
around the planet lately, it seems,
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似乎開始流行於全球的警察機關。
以我本人經驗，作為一個非自願的吸入者，
00:44
and according to my experience
as a non-voluntary breather of it,
as a non-voluntary breather of it,
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00:48
tear gas has two main
but quite opposite effects.
but quite opposite effects.
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催淚瓦斯有兩個非常不同的效果。
00:53
One, it can really burn your eyes,
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一，它能嚴重灼傷你的眼睛，
00:56
and two, it can also
help you to open them.
help you to open them.
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二，它也能讓你睜大眼睛、開拓眼界。
催淚瓦斯確實讓我看到一些事情，
01:00
Tear gas definitely helped
to open mine to something
to open mine to something
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今天下午我想和你們分享：
01:04
that I want to share
with you this afternoon:
with you this afternoon:
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就是「直播串流」在網路獨立廣播的力量。
01:07
that livestreaming the power
of independent broadcasts through the web
of independent broadcasts through the web
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01:13
can be a game-changer in journalism,
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它可以成為改變新聞報導的利器，
01:16
in activism, and as I see it,
in the political discourse as well.
in the political discourse as well.
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實踐主義，以我之見，也可用於政治論述。
01:22
That idea started
to dawn on me in early 2011
to dawn on me in early 2011
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這個想法於2011年初開始萌芽，
01:27
when I was covering
a protest in São Paulo.
a protest in São Paulo.
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那時我在報導聖保羅的抗議活動。
01:31
It was the marijuana march,
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那是一次關於大麻的遊行，
01:33
a gathering of people asking
for the legalization of cannabis.
for the legalization of cannabis.
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人群聚集起來，要求將大麻合法化。
01:37
When that group started to move,
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當示威隊伍開始移動時，
01:39
the riot police came from the back
with rubber bullets, bombs,
with rubber bullets, bombs,
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鎮暴警察帶著橡膠子彈、炸彈和催淚彈，
從隊伍後面出現。
01:43
and then the gas.
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01:46
But to make a long story short,
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長話短說，
01:48
I had entered that protest
as the editor-in-chief
as the editor-in-chief
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我參加了那次示威遊行，作為一本
知名印刷雜誌的總編，
而我已為雜誌社工作了11年。
而我已為雜誌社工作了11年。
01:52
of a well-established printed magazine
where I'd worked for 11 years,
where I'd worked for 11 years,
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01:56
and thanks to this unsolicited
effects of tear gas,
effects of tear gas,
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多虧催淚瓦斯帶來的霸道效果，
我離開了那家雜誌社，並以一名記者的身分，
02:01
I left it as a journalist that was now
committed to new ways
committed to new ways
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致力於以新的方式分享我在其中的粗淺經驗。
02:06
of sharing the raw experience
of what it's like to be there, actually.
of what it's like to be there, actually.
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02:12
So in the following week,
I was back in the streets,
I was back in the streets,
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在後來的一個星期，我回到街頭，
02:16
but that time, I wasn't a member
of any media outlet anymore.
of any media outlet anymore.
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但這次，我不再是任何傳媒機構的一員。
02:20
I was there as an independent
livestreamer, and all I had with me
livestreamer, and all I had with me
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而是一個獨立的現場流式傳播者，
身上帶的設備全是借來的。
02:25
was basically borrowed equipment.
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02:27
I had a very simple camera
and a backpack with 3G modems.
and a backpack with 3G modems.
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我有一個簡單的攝像機，
一個裝著3G數據機的背包，
一個裝著3G數據機的背包，
02:33
And I had this weblink
that could be shared through social media,
that could be shared through social media,
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還有一個可以分享到社群網站的網路連結，
02:38
could be put in any website,
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這個網路連結可以放入任何網站。
02:41
and that time,
the protest went along fine.
the protest went along fine.
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那時，示威進行得相當不錯，
02:44
There was no violence.
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沒有暴力、
02:46
There was no action scenes.
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沒有動作場面。
02:48
But there was something really exciting,
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但還是有些令人興奮的事情。
02:51
because I could see at a distance
the TV channels covering it,
the TV channels covering it,
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我看到遠處有一些電視臺在做報導，
02:56
and they had these big vans
and the teams and the cameras,
and the teams and the cameras,
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他們有很大的轉播車、採訪隊和許多攝像機。
03:00
and I was basically doing the same thing
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我基本上和他們做的是一樣的，
03:02
and all I had was a backpack.
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而我有的只是一個背包。
03:05
And that was really
exciting to a journalist,
exciting to a journalist,
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對新聞記者來說那是真的很令人興奮。
03:08
but the most interesting part
was when I got back home, actually,
was when I got back home, actually,
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實際上，但是最有趣的是當我回到家，
03:13
because I learned that I had been watched
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我聽說有
9萬多人看了我的報導。
03:15
by more than 90,000 people,
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03:18
and I got hundreds of emails and messages
of people asking me, basically,
of people asking me, basically,
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我收到數百封的電郵和短訊，許多人問我，
我是怎麼做的，
03:23
how did I do it,
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03:25
how it was possible to do such a thing.
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我如何能夠做這樣一件事。
03:28
And I learned something else,
that that was actually the first time
that that was actually the first time
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我也得知，那是第一次
03:31
that somebody had ever done
a livestreaming in a street protest
a livestreaming in a street protest
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有人為一個街頭示威做「現場流式傳播」，
在這個國家里是第一次。
03:37
in the country.
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03:39
And that really shocked me,
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那令我非常驚訝，
03:41
because I was no geek,
I was no technology guy,
I was no technology guy,
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因為我不是極客，也不是科技宅，
03:45
and all the equipment needed
was already there,
was already there,
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所有需要的設備就是那些，
03:48
was easily available.
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幾乎隨手可得。
03:50
And I realized that
we had a frontier here,
we had a frontier here,
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然後我意識到，這裡有一個待開發的領域。
03:53
a very important one,
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一個很重要的領域，
03:55
that it was just a matter
of changing the perspective,
of changing the perspective,
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而那只是改變視野而已。
03:58
and the web could be actually used,
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網路真正可以，
04:00
already used, as a colossal
and uncontrollable
and uncontrollable
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也已經被用來作為一個巨大的，
04:03
and highly anarchical TV channel,
TV network,
TV network,
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且無法控制的電視頻道和電視網，
04:07
and anyone with very basic skills
and very basic equipment,
and very basic equipment,
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任何有基本技能和基本設備的人，
04:12
even someone like me who had this
little stuttering issue,
little stuttering issue,
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甚至像我有輕微口吃的人。
04:18
so if it happens, bear with me please,
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如果有磕巴的地方請多包涵。
04:22
even someone like me
could become a broadcaster.
could become a broadcaster.
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甚至像我這樣的人都能成為一個傳播者。
04:27
And that sounded revolutionary in my mind.
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在我心裏那聽起來很具革命性。
04:29
So for the next couple of years,
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在接下來的幾年，
04:31
I started to experiment with
livestreaming in different ways,
livestreaming in different ways,
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我開始實驗用不同的方式做即時流式傳播，
04:35
not only in the streets
but mostly in studios and in homes,
but mostly in studios and in homes,
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不只是在街上，而是大多在工作室內和房子裏，
04:38
until the beginning of 2013, last year,
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直到去年，2013年初，
04:42
when I became the cofounder of a group
called Mídia NINJA.
called Mídia NINJA.
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我成為一個叫做「媒體隱者」
（Mídia NINJA） 的團體的共同創辦人。
（Mídia NINJA） 的團體的共同創辦人。
04:46
NINJA is an acronym
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NINJA 是縮寫，
04:47
that stands for Narrativas Independentes
Jornalismo e Ação,
Jornalismo e Ação,
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代表（葡萄牙文）Narrativas Independentes
Jornalismo e Ação。
Jornalismo e Ação。
04:51
or in English, independent narratives,
journalism, and action.
journalism, and action.
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英文的意思是獨立敘事、
新聞報導、和行動。
新聞報導、和行動。
04:55
It was a media group
that had little media plan.
that had little media plan.
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那是一個沒有媒體計劃的媒體團體。
04:59
We didn't have any financial structure.
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我們沒有任何財政結構。
05:01
We were not planning
to make money out of this,
to make money out of this,
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我們沒有計劃要以此賺錢，
05:04
which was wise, because you shouldn't
try to make money out of journalism now.
try to make money out of journalism now.
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因為你不應嘗試從新聞報導獲利，
所以那是明智之舉。
所以那是明智之舉。
05:10
But we had a very solid
and clear conviction,
and clear conviction,
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但是我們有非常堅定和清楚的信念，
05:13
that we knew that the hyperconnected
environment of social media
environment of social media
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我們知道社會媒體的超級連結，
05:18
could maybe allow us to consolidate
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可能容許我們鞏固成一個
05:20
a network of experimental journalists
throughout the country.
throughout the country.
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遍及全國的一個實驗性的新聞記者的廣播網。
05:26
So we launched a Facebook page first,
and then a manifesto,
and then a manifesto,
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因此我們就先開始了一個臉書網頁，
然後一個宣言，
然後一個宣言，
05:31
and started to cover the streets
in a very simple way.
in a very simple way.
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然後以一個非常簡單的方式，
從街道開始報導。
從街道開始報導。
05:34
But then something happened,
something that wasn't predicted,
something that wasn't predicted,
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然而，我們沒預料的事情發生了，
05:39
that no one could have anticipated.
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沒人曾預想到的。
05:41
Street protests started
to erupt in São Paulo.
to erupt in São Paulo.
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聖保羅的街道上的示威者開始爆發。
05:44
They began as very local and specific.
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開始時是小小的和一些特定的範圍的。
05:46
They were against the bus fare hike
that had just happened in the city.
that had just happened in the city.
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他們反對那時剛開始實施的
市區公車票漲價。
市區公車票漲價。
05:52
This is a bus.
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那是一輛公車。
05:54
It's written there, "Theft."
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上面寫著「偷盜」。
05:57
But those kind of manifestations
started to grow,
started to grow,
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但是那類的示威開始擴大，
06:02
and they kept happening.
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且不斷在發生。
06:03
So the police violence against them
started to grow as well.
started to grow as well.
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警察對他們的暴力鎮壓也開始增強。
06:08
But there was another conflict,
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但是又有另一個衝突，
06:10
the one I believe that's
more important here
more important here
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這個我相信對於強調我的觀點，
06:13
to make my point that
it was a narrative conflict.
it was a narrative conflict.
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是更重要的。
那是一個敘事觀點的衝突。
那是一個敘事觀點的衝突。
06:16
There was this mainstream media
version of the facts
version of the facts
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那時主流媒體對這些事件的版本是，
06:20
that anyone who was on the streets
could easily challenge
could easily challenge
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任何一個街上的人可以挑戰的。
06:24
if they presented their own vision
of what was actually happening there.
of what was actually happening there.
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他們代表他們自己對於那裏正在發生的
事情的版本。
事情的版本。
06:30
And it was this clash of visions,
this clash of narratives,
this clash of narratives,
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而正是這些互相抵觸的版本，
和互相抵觸的敘事觀點，
和互相抵觸的敘事觀點，
06:33
that I think turned those protests
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將那些示威轉化成，
06:36
into a long period in the country
of political reckoning
of political reckoning
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這個國家的長期的政治醞釀。
06:40
where hundreds of thousands of people,
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那時數十萬人，
06:44
probably more than a million people
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甚至可能一百多萬人，
06:46
took to the streets in the whole country.
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在全國各地走上街頭。
06:49
But it wasn't about
the bus fare hike anymore.
the bus fare hike anymore.
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那時已經不只是關於公車票的漲價。
06:52
It was about everything.
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而是對所有事情的示威。
06:55
The people's demands, their expectations,
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大家的要求，大家的期待，
06:58
the reasons why they were on the streets
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他們走上街頭的理由，
07:00
could be as diverse as they could
be contradictory in many cases.
be contradictory in many cases.
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各自不同，甚至互相矛盾。
07:05
If you could read it,
you would understand me.
you would understand me.
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你們若是讀的懂，
你們就會了解我。
你們就會了解我。
07:09
But it was in this environment
of political catharsis
of political catharsis
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但就在這個警察清除示威者的環境裏，
07:13
that the country was going through
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在這個國家正在發生的，
07:16
that it had to do with politics, indeed,
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肯定與政治有關。
07:19
but it had to do also
with a new way of organizing,
with a new way of organizing,
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但也因為新的組織的方式，
07:24
through a new way of communicating.
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一種溝通的新方式。
07:26
It was in that environment
that Mídia NINJA emerged
that Mídia NINJA emerged
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「媒體隱者」就在那個環境裏出現了。
07:29
from almost anonymity
to become a national phenomenon,
to become a national phenomenon,
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從幾乎沒沒無名，成為一個國家現象，
07:34
because we did have the right equipment.
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主要是因為我們有對的設備。
07:37
We are not using big cameras.
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我們沒有大照相機。
07:39
We are using basically this.
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我們基本上只用這個。
07:42
We are using smartphones.
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我們使用智慧手機。
07:44
And that, actually, allowed us to become
invisible in the middle of the protests,
invisible in the middle of the protests,
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那些實際上讓我們在示威者中成為隱形，
07:49
but it allowed us to do something else:
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它使我們做不同的事：
07:51
to show what it was like
to be in the protests,
to be in the protests,
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透過展現在示威者中的樣子，
07:55
to present to people at home
a subjective perspective.
a subjective perspective.
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向在家觀看的人們呈現一個主觀的觀點。
08:01
But there was something
that is more important,
that is more important,
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但更重要的是，
08:03
I think, than the equipment.
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我想，比設備更重要的，
08:04
It was our mindset,
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是我們的心態，
08:07
because we are not behaving
as a media outlet.
as a media outlet.
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因為我們不代表媒體機構。
08:10
We are not competing for news.
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我們不是在為新聞競爭。
08:12
We are trying to encourage people,
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我們嘗試鼓勵大家，
08:15
to invite people,
and to actually teach people
and to actually teach people
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邀請大家，
事實上，也教導大家。
事實上，也教導大家。
08:17
how to do this, how they also
could become broadcasters.
could become broadcasters.
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教他們如何做同樣的事，
也可以成為傳播者。
也可以成為傳播者。
08:22
And that was crucial to turn Mídia NINJA
from a small group of people,
from a small group of people,
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關鍵的是對於將「媒體隱者」從
少數人的團體，
少數人的團體，
08:28
and in a matter of weeks,
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在數週內，
08:29
we multiplied and we grew
exponentially throughout the country.
exponentially throughout the country.
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我們倍增，我們在國內以
指數的倍數成長。
指數的倍數成長。
08:34
So in a matter of a week or two,
as the protests kept happening,
as the protests kept happening,
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在以兩週內，
當示威不斷的在發生。
當示威不斷的在發生。
08:39
we were hundreds of young people
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我們數百個年輕人，
08:41
connected in this network
throughout the country.
throughout the country.
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在全國各地以這個網路連接在一起。
08:44
We were covering more than
50 cities at the same time.
50 cities at the same time.
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我們同時報導五十多個城市。
08:47
That's something that
no TV channel could ever do.
no TV channel could ever do.
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那時沒有任何電視頻道可能做到的。
08:50
That was responsible
for turning us suddenly, actually,
for turning us suddenly, actually,
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實際上，那是我們突然
08:54
into kind of the mainstream
media of social media.
media of social media.
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成為類似主流的主因。
08:59
So we had a couple of thousands
of followers on our Facebook page,
of followers on our Facebook page,
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在我們的臉書從約有兩千多的追隨者，
09:03
and soon we had a quarter
of a million followers.
of a million followers.
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很快的成長為五十萬追隨者。
09:06
Our posts and our videos
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我們的帖子和我們的影片，
09:08
were being seen by more than
11 million timelines a week.
11 million timelines a week.
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一週被一千一百萬人所觀看。
09:12
It was way more than any newspaper
or any magazine could ever do.
or any magazine could ever do.
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那是比觀看任何報章雜誌的人超出太多。
09:17
And that turned Mídia NINJA
into something else,
into something else,
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那使「媒體隱者」
09:21
more than a media outlet,
than a media project.
than a media project.
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超越媒體機構或任何媒體專案。
09:24
It became almost like a public service
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它幾乎成為像一個
09:27
to the citizen, to the protester,
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為市民、為示威者、
09:29
to the activist,
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為行動主義者的公共服務。
09:31
because they had a very simple
and efficient and peaceful tool
and efficient and peaceful tool
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因為他們有一個簡單、有效率
且和平的工具，
且和平的工具，
09:35
to confront both police
and media authority.
and media authority.
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來對抗警察和媒體權威。
09:41
Many of our images started
to be used in regular TV channels.
to be used in regular TV channels.
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許多我們的影像開始被
一般電視頻道所採用。
一般電視頻道所採用。
09:45
Our livestreams started to be broadcast
even in regular televisions
even in regular televisions
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當整個事件開始變得非常暴力，
09:50
when things got really rough.
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我們的現場流式傳播甚至開始被
一般電視廣播。
一般電視廣播。
09:52
Some our images were responsible
to take some people out of jail,
to take some people out of jail,
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因為一些我們的影像讓一些人得以
從監牢釋放出來，
從監牢釋放出來，
09:57
people who were being arrested unfairly
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許多人以無理的舉控，
10:00
under false accusations,
and we could prove them innocent.
and we could prove them innocent.
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被不公平的逮捕，
我們證明他們的清白。
我們證明他們的清白。
10:04
And that also turned Mídia NINJA very soon
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很不幸的，那使「媒體隱者」很快的
10:07
to be seen as almost
an enemy of cops, unfortunately,
an enemy of cops, unfortunately,
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幾乎被視為警察的敵人。
10:11
and we started to be severely beaten,
and eventually arrested on the streets.
and eventually arrested on the streets.
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我們開始嚴重的被打，
最後在街上被逮捕。
最後在街上被逮捕。
10:16
It happened in many cases.
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有許多那樣的案例發生。
10:18
But that was also useful,
because we were still at the web,
because we were still at the web,
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但那也很有用，
因為我們仍然在網路上，
因為我們仍然在網路上，
10:22
so that helped to trigger
an important debate in the country
an important debate in the country
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以至於有助於導致在國內
10:28
on the role of the media itself
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關於媒體的角色，
10:30
and the state of the freedom
of the press in the country.
of the press in the country.
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以及媒體自由的現狀一個重要的辯論。
10:34
So Mídia NINJA now evolved
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那時「媒體隱者」又更發展了，
10:36
and finally consolidated itself
in what we hoped it would become:
in what we hoped it would become:
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最後自己鞏固成我們原來所希望成為的，
10:42
a national network
of hundreds of young people,
of hundreds of young people,
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一個全國性的數百個年輕人的網絡。
10:45
self-organizing themselves locally
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他們在各地自行組織，
10:49
to cover social, human rights issues,
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報導社會的、人權的話題。
10:53
and expressing themselves
not only politically
not only politically
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以及表達他們自己對政治、
10:55
but journalistically.
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和新聞報導的立場。
11:00
What I started to do
in the beginning of this year,
in the beginning of this year,
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因為「媒體隱者」已是一個自我組織的網路，
11:05
as Mídia NINJA is already
a self-organizing network,
a self-organizing network,
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我在今年初開始，
11:09
I'm dedicating myself to another project.
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致力於另一個專案。
11:12
It's called Fluxo,
which is Portuguese for "stream."
which is Portuguese for "stream."
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名為「富拉索」（Fluxo），
那是「流」的葡萄牙文。
那是「流」的葡萄牙文。
11:15
It's a journalism studio
in São Paulo downtown,
in São Paulo downtown,
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那是位於聖保羅市中心的
一個新聞報導的工作室。
一個新聞報導的工作室。
11:18
where I used livestream to experiment
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我以現場流式傳播實驗，
11:21
with what I call post-television formats.
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我名之為「電視後格式」。
11:25
But I'm also trying to come up with ways
to finance independent journalism
to finance independent journalism
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我也要嘗試要籌錢來資助獨立新聞報導，
11:30
through a direct relationship
with an audience,
with an audience,
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透過一種與聽眾的直接關係，
11:33
with an active audience,
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與那些主動的聽眾。
11:35
because now I really want
to try to make a living
to try to make a living
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因為現在我真的想要，
11:38
out of my tear gas resolution back then.
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藉著我以前因催淚瓦斯下的決心賺錢生活。
11:42
But there's something
more significant here,
more significant here,
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但還有更重要的事情，
11:44
something that I believe is more important
and more crucial than my personal example.
and more crucial than my personal example.
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我相信是比我個人的例子更重要和更決定性的。
11:49
I said that livestream could turn the web
into a colossal TV network,
into a colossal TV network,
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我說過，現場流式傳播可能將網路變成
巨大的電視網絡。
巨大的電視網絡。
11:54
but I believe it does something else,
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但我相信它也有其他作用。
11:56
because after watching people using it,
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因為看了其他人使用它以後，
11:59
not only to cover things but to express,
to organize themselves politically,
to organize themselves politically,
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他們不只是報導，
也表達和政治性地將自己組織起來。
也表達和政治性地將自己組織起來。
12:05
I believe livestream can turn cyberspace
into a global political arena
into a global political arena
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我相信「現場流式傳播」可以將電子世界
轉化成一個世界政治場所。
轉化成一個世界政治場所。
12:12
where everyone might have a voice,
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藉著它，每一個人可以表達自己，
12:14
a proper voice,
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以適當的聲音表達。
12:16
because livestream takes the monopoly
of the broadcast political discourse,
of the broadcast political discourse,
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因為「現場流式傳播」將廣播政治演講、
12:21
of the verbal aspect
of the political dialogue
of the political dialogue
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語言方面、
和政治對話的壟斷，
和政治對話的壟斷，
12:24
out of the mouths of just politicians
and political pundits alone,
and political pundits alone,
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從政客與政治權威的嘴裡拿出來。
12:30
and it empowers the citizen
through this direct and non-mediated power
through this direct and non-mediated power
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它透過這種直接、沒有中間者的力量，
12:35
of exchanging experiences and dialogue,
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經由相互交換經驗和對話，
12:38
empowers them to question
and to influence authorities
and to influence authorities
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以我們將要看到的方法，
12:42
in ways in which we are about to see.
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讓他們可以對權威質疑和影響權威。
12:46
And I believe it does something else
that might be even more important,
that might be even more important,
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我相信它有其他可能更重要的作用，
12:50
that the simplicity of the technology
can merge objectivity and subjectivity
can merge objectivity and subjectivity
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科技的簡單，以我所見，可以融合政治的
12:57
in a very political way, as I see it,
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主觀和客觀，
13:00
because it really helps the audience,
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因為它真正幫助聽眾，
13:05
the citizen, to see the world
through somebody else's eye,
through somebody else's eye,
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公民們，透過別人的眼睛看到世界，
13:09
so it helps the citizen
to put him- or herself
to put him- or herself
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它也幫助公民們對他人
13:13
in other people's place.
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產生同理心。
13:15
And that idea, I think,
should be the intention,
should be the intention,
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我認為那個想法應該是目的，
13:19
should be the goal of any good journalism,
any good activism,
any good activism,
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應該是任何好的的新聞報導和
好的實踐主義的目標，
好的實踐主義的目標，
13:23
but most of all, any good politics.
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但最重要的，任何好的政治。
13:26
Thank you very much. It was an honor.
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非常感謝。 這是我的榮幸。
13:29
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bruno Torturra - Livestreaming activistJournalist and photographer Bruno Torturra is the face of Media Ninja, a Brazilian digital collective making headlines for its ability to cover big news as it happens.
Why you should listen
After 11 years as a correspondent and chief editor for Trip Magazine (“Dedicated to the exploration of psychedelic and visionary drug subculture”), São Paolo writer and photographer Bruno Torturra founded two experimental livestreaming networks: first PosTV, then Media Ninja. The latter drew global attention for its collective coverage of the 2013 protests in Brazil, and the questions it raises about the role of traditional journalism and the power of livestreaming technology.
More profile about the speakerBruno Torturra | Speaker | TED.com