Mark Tyndall: The harm reduction model of drug addiction treatment
مارك تيندال: برنامج الحد من الضرر لعلاج إدمان المخدرات
Mark Tyndall has dedicated his career to studying HIV, poverty and drug use in multiple places around the world, starting with Nairobi, and now in Vancouver. Full bio
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أشخاصًا يحقنون المخدرات.
that I saw people injecting drugs.
to lead a research project
لقيادة مشروع بحث
infamous Downtown East Side.
بالجانب الشرقي من وسط البلد.
project that gave rooms
people in the city,
standing on the stairs
and screaming,
state of affairs, the drug use,
the soaring rates of HIV,
بفيروس نقص المناعة البشرية،
health emergency in 1997.
expanding harm reduction services,
خدمات الحد من الضرر،
a supervised injection site.
drugs less hazardous.
as some sort of radical concept.
كمفهوم متطرف.
to carry a clean needle.
من غير القانوني حمل محقن نظيفة.
to be arrested
supervised injection sites
لمراكز الحقن تحت الإشراف
Baltimore and New York
و (بالتيمور)، و (نيويورك)
everything we know about addiction.
that any drug use will not be tolerated?
وأن تعاطي أي مخدر لا يمكن السماح به؟
countless personal stories
من القصص الشخصية،
reduction doesn't stop people
من الضرر لا يمنع الناس
and far too many die.
ويموت منهم الكثير.
we are giving up on people
on treatment and recovery.
is ever going to happen
or a safe place to inject
treatment and recovery.
our children about drug users.
these drug users are our children.
المدمنين وجدتهم أطفالنا.
is that while drugs can hurt you,
أن المخدرات فعلا مؤذية،
people who are addicted.
advertisement for drug use.
لترويج تعاطي المخدرات.
or a supervised injection site.
ومراكز الحقن تحت الإشراف.
people sick and hurting,
injection sites, for example.
health intervention ever.
التي يساء فهمها مطلقًا.
with fresh needles,
وباستخدام محاقن جديدة،
injecting in a dingy alley,
يفعلوا ذلك في زقاق حقير،
and hiding out from police.
ويتخفون من الشرطة.
in Vancouver was at 327 Carol Street,
في (فانكوفر) يقع في 327 شارع (كارول)،
a few chairs and a box of clean needles.
بها القليل من الكراسي وعلبة محاقن نظيفة.
mysteriously reopened,
for people who were injecting drugs.
لمن يتعاطون المخدرات.
commitment and compassion
and used the site.
unimaginable trauma,
that things would get better.
they'd stop using drugs altogether.
يقلعون عن المخدرات يومًا ما.
to North America's
supervised injection site, called INSITE.
في أمريكا الشمالية، ويدعى (إنسايت).
as a three-year research project.
كمشروع بحثي لمدة ثلاث سنوات.
closing it down at the end of the study.
على إغلاقه بانتهاء مدة الدراسة.
the battle to close INSITE
وصلت معركة إغلاق (إنسايت)
Canada's Supreme Court.
long history of drug use
بشكل مباشر، وهما:
of keeping INSITE open by nine to zero.
بفارق تسعة آراء مقابل صفر.
their response to the government's case.
of INSITE to the population that it serves
of death and disease
is grossly disproportionate to any benefit
لا يتناسب كثيرًا مع أي فائدة
on the possession of narcotics."
for harm reduction.
from the Supreme Court,
القوية من المحكمة العليا,
any new sites in Canada.
that happened in December of 2016,
the opening of overdose prevention sites.
بافتتاح مراكز الوقاية من الجرعة الزائدة.
federal approval process,
about 22 of these de facto illegal
نحو 22 مركزغير قانوني
across the province.
use drugs under supervision.
استخدام المخدرات تحت الإشراف.
by Naloxone, and nobody died.
باستخدام (النالوكسون)، ولم يمت أحد.
at INSITE over the last 14 years:
طوال السنوات ال14 الماضية:
have injected illegal drugs
and successes from needle exchanges
compassionate approaches to drug use
للتعامل مع تعاطي المخدرات
programs taken off?
that drug use is law enforcement issue?
ردع تعاطي المخدرات بالقانون؟
drug users goes very deep.
وتعاطيها مبالغ فيه.
images and media stories
that bring down drug dealers.
التي تقضي على تجار المخدرات.
by building more jails
only crime is using drugs.
of incarceration, violence and poverty
and not the drugs themselves.
وليس المخدرات نفسها.
that drug users deserve care and support
يستحقون الاهتمام، والدعم،
and handcuffs and jail cells?
والقيود، والسجون؟
to institutionalize stigma.
to stop people from using them.
لا يمنع الناس من تعاطيها.
false narrative about drug use.
عن تعاطي المخدرات.
that drug users
want to get high,
own personal failings
of crime and poverty,
and, ultimately, their lives.
يملك كل مدمن قصة خاصة،
sexual abuse, mental illness
انتهاك جنسي، مرض عقلي
as we approach people with so much trauma.
من أشخاص يعانون بشدة.
are really a social justice issue.
تجاه المخدرات مسألة عدالة اجتماعية.
deaths like Prince and Michael Jackson,
بجرعة زائدة مثل (برنس) و (مايكل جاكسون)،
living on the margins,
drug use is highly stigmatized.
يعد تعاطي المخدرات وصمة عار.
the health care system.
engaged in clinical care
they will be treated poorly.
cocaine or crystal meth
أو الكوكايين أو الميث الكريستال
a barrage of questions
to expose their losses and shame.
living on the street?"
don't you stop using drugs?"
approach to drug use is upside down.
التي نتبعها مع مدمني المخدرات خاطئة.
is the best way to treat this.
you may get into a detox program.
دمجك في برنامج لإزالة السموم.
with Suboxone or methadone,
(السب اوكسون) أو (الميثادون)،
what they desperately need to survive:
like asking a new diabetic to quit sugar
السكر الجديد التوقف عن تناول السكر.
to start running marathons
the most extreme option.
as complex as addiction?
غير المتعمدة ليست جديدة،
crisis is unprecedented.
of a drug overdose in 2016,
بجرعات زائدة في عام 2016،
the leading cause of death
بالمخدرات السبب الرئيسي للوفاة
20 and 50 years old in North America
إلى 50 عامًا في أمريكا الشمالية،
storm around opioids.
حول هذه المواد المخذرة،
Percocet and Dilaudid
و (بيركوسيت)، و (دايلوديد)
for decades for all kinds of pain.
Americans are daily opioid users,
يستخدمون المواد الأفيونية يوميًا،
for opioids last year.
في وصفة طبية العام الماضي.
prescription drugs into communities
for people wanting to self-medicate.
للراغبين في العلاج الذاتي.
has greatly reduced the street supply
على نطاق واسع،
a steady supply of prescription drugs
على مخدرات الوصفات الطبية
has tragically switched
غير القانونية بشكل مأساوي
وبشكل أساسي (الفنتانيل).
potent and extremely hard to dose.
وقوية ويصعب تحديد جرعاتها.
any other kind of poisoning epidemic?
لو كان التسمم لأسباب أخرى؟
or baby formula or coffee?
this as a true emergency.
supplying safer alternatives.
the victims and their families.
and the people who use them
into law enforcement.
fund and scale up
across North America.
lifeline to care and treatment.
without harm reduction.
of people who are alive today
ممن هم على قيد الحياة الآن
an impact on this drug crisis,
على أزمة المخدرات هذه،
conversation about prohibition
first and foremost a public health issue
هو أولًا وأخيرًا مشكلة صحية عامة،
and health solutions.
for how this can work.
having its own drug crisis.
من أزمة المخدرات.
drugs, high crime rates
وارتفاع معدلات الجريمة،
and decriminalized all drug possession.
وألغوا حيازة جميع المخدرات.
and rehabilitation programs.
الصحية وإعادة التأهيل.
given their lives back.
of prohibition, punishment and prejudice
المنع، والعقاب، والتحيز،
indifferent to the suffering
most vulnerable people in our society.
ضعفًا في المجتمع.
people will get caught up
that their mother or father
has died of a drug overdose.
بسبب جرعة مخدر زائدة.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Tyndall - Epidemiologist, physician, public health expertMark Tyndall has dedicated his career to studying HIV, poverty and drug use in multiple places around the world, starting with Nairobi, and now in Vancouver.
Why you should listen
Mark Tyndall is an epidemiologist, physician and public health expert. An early advocate for harm reduction programs, Tyndall was at the forefront of North America's first legally sanctioned supervised injection facility, INSITE, established in Vancouver in 2003. Since then, studies have shown that safe injection sites save lives, reduce transmission of disease and help people access addiction treatment and other medical services. A proponent of evidence-based public health policy and interventions, Tyndall has authored more than 250 academic papers and has received multiple honors for his work. He is currently the Director of the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control and a professor at the School of Population and Public Health at the University of British Columbia.
Mark Tyndall | Speaker | TED.com