Sabine Doebel: How your brain's executive function works -- and how to improve it
سيبين دويبل: كيف تعمل الوظيفة التنفيذية لعقلك .. وكيف تطوّرها
Sabine Doebel studies the developing mind to understand how experience shapes our thinking and executive control skills. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
when you first learned how to drive?
عندما تعلمتم القيادة لأول مرة؟
was so conscious and deliberate?
متعمدًا ومدروسًا للغاية؟
completely wiped out mentally.
عندما أنتهي من دروسي
I know that this is because I was using
كان بسبب استعمالي
called executive function.
to consciously control our thoughts,
على التحكم المسبق في أفكارنا،
to break away from habit,
إلى كسر الروتين،
when things go wrong.
poured orange juice on your cereal?
عصير البرتقال على حبوب الإفطار؟
you've missed a meeting?
on the way home from work
من العمل إلى البيت
instead on autopilot?
in executive function.
every day in all aspects of our lives.
في حياتنا يوميًا في شتى المجالات.
that it predicts all kinds of good things
الأشياء الجيدة
mental and physical health,
الأكاديمية، الصحة النفسية والجسدية،
are so interested in understanding it
a huge self-improvement buzzword.
شائعة في التنمية الذاتية.
through brain-training iPhone apps
تطبيقات الآيفون لتدريب العقل
like playing chess.
مثل لعب الشطرنج.
to train it in the lab
and other things related to it,
about executive function is all wrong.
التنفيذية خاطئة تمامًا.
executive function in a broad sense
التنفيذية بشكل عام
exercising it in a narrow way,
in which we actually use it.
الذي تستعمل فيه تلك الوظيفة.
function app on your phone,
المتعلق بالوظيفة التنفيذية على هاتفك،
pouring OJ on your Cheeerios twice a week.
على حبوب الإفطار مرتين في الأسبوع.
your executive function
how it's influenced by context.
that we use in the lab
in young children
cards in one way --
فرز البطاقات على مستوى واحد
keep sorting the cards in the old way
بفرز البطاقات وفق الطريقة الأولى
التي تذكّرهم فيها بما يجب القيام به.
them of what they should be doing.
إذا كانت حمراء، ضعيها هنا."
If it's red, put it here.
a different game.
the color game anymore.
and all the trucks go here, OK?
الشاحنات هنا، حسنًا؟
to use her executive function.
وظيفتها التنفيذية شديد الوضوح.
and others like it
وعلى مهام أخرى شبيهة،
her executive function outside of the lab?
دون اللجوء إلى المختبر؟
she'll need to use executive function
الوظيفة التنفيذية على أرض الواقع
between shape and color.
التبديل بين الشكل واللون.
from adding to multiplying
من الجمع إلى الضرب
to thinking about her friend.
إلى التفكير في صديق لها.
depends on things
and what your peers are doing.
وكذلك الأمور التي يقوم بها أقرانك.
on the strategies that you execute
in a particular situation.
في حالة معينة.
that context really matters.
from my research.
to do the classic marshmallow test,
وأجريت عليهم اختبار حلوى الخطمى،
of delay of gratification
a lot of executive function.
واحدة على الفور،
to go to the other room
حتى أقصد الغرفة المجاورة
that second marshmallow,
الحصول على قطعة ثانية،
How long can they wait?
لكم من الوقت يستطيعون الانتظار؟
to look at the effects of context.
بملاحظة تأثير السياق.
a green T-shirt to wear.
waited for two marshmallows,
على قطعتي حلوى الخطمى،
for two marshmallows
على قطعتي حلوى الخطمى
to see how long they waited.
لرؤية كم من الوقت سيصمد.
for two marshmallows
على قطعتي حلوى الخطمى
that they'd never even met.
لم يلتقوا به مسبقًا.
I still didn't know
or if it was something deeper than that.
أو أنه أمر يتعدّى ذلك.
I showed them pictures of pairs of kids,
لمجموعة من الأطفال،
likes to have things right away,
يحب أن يتحصّل على الأشياء فوريًا،
more of these things."
do you like more
who believed that their group waited
أن فريقهم انتظر
who liked to wait for things.
made them value waiting more.
جعلتهم يقّدرون الانتظار أكثر.
to help themselves wait,
or turning away from the marshmallow
عن حلوى الخطمى
is just how much context matters.
had good executive function or bad,
للأطفال جيدة أو سيئة،
helped them use it better.
على استعمالها بشكل أحسن.
for you and for your kids?
to learn Spanish.
with other people who also want to learn,
that you really like.
الذين تحبهم حقًا.
to use executive function.
لاستعمال الوظيفة التنفيذية.
your child do better on her math homework.
واجبها المنزلي بشكل أفضل.
to use executive function
لاستعمال الوظيفة التنفيذية
before she starts studying
قبل أن تشرع في المذاكرة
after studying for an hour.
بعد ساعة من المذاكرة.
like context is everything.
and it's shaped by numerous factors.
وهي تتأثر بعدّة عوامل.
your executive function
your goals matter more to you,
in that particular situation.
when they said, "Know thyself."
بقولهم: "اعرف نفسك."
how context shapes your behavior
فيها السياق على تصرفاتك
to change for the better.
من أجل التغيّر للأفضل.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sabine Doebel - Cognitive scientistSabine Doebel studies the developing mind to understand how experience shapes our thinking and executive control skills.
Why you should listen
Sabine Doebel conducts research with children in an effort to understand the nature of the mind, with much of her work focusing on how children develop the cognitive abilities that serve us so well as adults, like controlling impulses, thinking ahead, and staying on task.
Doebel is an incoming assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, where she will direct the brand new Developing Minds Lab. She earned her PhD from the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota and subsequently was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Colorado Boulder. Her research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health and published in Psychological Science, Cognition, Developmental Psychology and Child Development. A full list of her publications can be found here.
Doebel is also a passionate advocate of open science and has received funding from the National Science Foundation to help developmental scientists adopt transparency-enhancing practices that will allow them to build more easily on each other's work.
Sabine Doebel | Speaker | TED.com