ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Devdutt Pattanaik - Mythologist
Devdutt Pattanaik looks at business and modern life through the lens of mythology.

Why you should listen

We all search for meaning in our work and lives. Devdutt Pattanaik suggests we try a tactic of our ancestors -- finding life lessons in myth, ritual and shared stories. When he was Chief Belief Officer at Future Group in Mumbai, he helped managers harness the power of myth to understand their employees, their companies and their customers. He's working to create a Retail Religion, to build deep, lasting ties between customers and brands.

Pattanaik is a self-taught mythologist, and the author (and often illustrator) of several works on aspects of myth, including the primer Myth = Mithya: A Handbook of Hindu Mythology and his most recent book, 7 Secrets from Hindu Calendar Art. He writes a column called "Management Mythos" for Economic Times that juxtaposes myth onto modern leadership challenges. His newest area of inquiry: How is traditional management, as expressed in old Indian cultural narratives, different from modern scientific management techniques?"

More profile about the speaker
Devdutt Pattanaik | Speaker | TED.com
TEDIndia 2009

Devdutt Pattanaik: East vs. West -- the myths that mystify

Filmed:
2,207,034 views

Devdutt Pattanaik takes an eye-opening look at the myths of India and of the West -- and shows how these two fundamentally different sets of beliefs about God, death and heaven help us consistently misunderstand one another.
- Mythologist
Devdutt Pattanaik looks at business and modern life through the lens of mythology. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:17
To understand the business of mythology
0
2000
3000
00:20
and what a Chief Belief Officer is supposed to do,
1
5000
4000
00:24
you have to hear a story
2
9000
2000
00:26
of Ganesha,
3
11000
2000
00:28
the elephant-headed god
4
13000
2000
00:30
who is the scribe of storytellers,
5
15000
3000
00:33
and his brother,
6
18000
1000
00:34
the athletic warlord of the gods,
7
19000
2000
00:36
Kartikeya.
8
21000
2000
00:38
The two brothers one day decided to go on a race,
9
23000
3000
00:41
three times around the world.
10
26000
3000
00:44
Kartikeya leapt on his peacock
11
29000
3000
00:47
and flew around the continents
12
32000
3000
00:50
and the mountains and the oceans.
13
35000
5000
00:55
He went around once,
14
40000
2000
00:57
he went around twice,
15
42000
2000
00:59
he went around thrice.
16
44000
3000
01:02
But his brother, Ganesha,
17
47000
3000
01:05
simply walked around his parents
18
50000
3000
01:08
once, twice, thrice,
19
53000
2000
01:10
and said, "I won."
20
55000
3000
01:13
"How come?" said Kartikeya.
21
58000
2000
01:15
And Ganesha said,
22
60000
1000
01:16
"You went around 'the world.'
23
61000
3000
01:19
I went around 'my world.'"
24
64000
3000
01:22
What matters more?
25
67000
3000
01:25
If you understand the difference between 'the world' and 'my world,'
26
70000
3000
01:28
you understand the difference between logos and mythos.
27
73000
4000
01:32
'The world' is objective,
28
77000
2000
01:34
logical, universal, factual,
29
79000
3000
01:37
scientific.
30
82000
2000
01:39
'My world' is subjective.
31
84000
3000
01:42
It's emotional. It's personal.
32
87000
3000
01:45
It's perceptions, thoughts, feelings, dreams.
33
90000
3000
01:48
It is the belief system that we carry.
34
93000
3000
01:51
It's the myth that we live in.
35
96000
3000
01:54
'The world' tells us how the world functions,
36
99000
3000
01:57
how the sun rises,
37
102000
3000
02:00
how we are born.
38
105000
3000
02:03
'My world' tells us why the sun rises,
39
108000
3000
02:06
why we were born.
40
111000
4000
02:10
Every culture is trying to understand itself:
41
115000
4000
02:14
"Why do we exist?"
42
119000
2000
02:16
And every culture comes up with its own understanding of life,
43
121000
3000
02:19
its own customized version of mythology.
44
124000
5000
02:24
Culture is a reaction to nature,
45
129000
3000
02:27
and this understanding of our ancestors
46
132000
2000
02:29
is transmitted generation from generation
47
134000
3000
02:32
in the form of stories, symbols and rituals,
48
137000
3000
02:35
which are always indifferent to rationality.
49
140000
6000
02:41
And so, when you study it, you realize
50
146000
2000
02:43
that different people of the world
51
148000
2000
02:45
have a different understanding of the world.
52
150000
3000
02:48
Different people see things differently --
53
153000
2000
02:50
different viewpoints.
54
155000
2000
02:52
There is my world and there is your world,
55
157000
2000
02:54
and my world is always better than your world,
56
159000
3000
02:57
because my world, you see, is rational
57
162000
3000
03:00
and yours is superstition.
58
165000
2000
03:02
Yours is faith.
59
167000
2000
03:04
Yours is illogical.
60
169000
3000
03:07
This is the root of the clash of civilizations.
61
172000
3000
03:10
It took place, once, in 326 B.C.
62
175000
4000
03:14
on the banks of a river called the Indus,
63
179000
3000
03:17
now in Pakistan.
64
182000
2000
03:19
This river lends itself to India's name.
65
184000
3000
03:22
India. Indus.
66
187000
2000
03:27
Alexander, a young Macedonian,
67
192000
3000
03:30
met there what he called a "gymnosophist,"
68
195000
4000
03:34
which means "the naked, wise man."
69
199000
3000
03:37
We don't know who he was.
70
202000
2000
03:39
Perhaps he was a Jain monk,
71
204000
2000
03:41
like Bahubali over here,
72
206000
2000
03:43
the Gomateshwara Bahubali
73
208000
1000
03:44
whose image is not far from Mysore.
74
209000
2000
03:46
Or perhaps he was just a yogi
75
211000
2000
03:48
who was sitting on a rock, staring at the sky
76
213000
2000
03:50
and the sun and the moon.
77
215000
2000
03:52
Alexander asked, "What are you doing?"
78
217000
3000
03:55
and the gymnosophist answered,
79
220000
2000
03:57
"I'm experiencing nothingness."
80
222000
3000
04:00
Then the gymnosophist asked,
81
225000
3000
04:03
"What are you doing?"
82
228000
2000
04:05
and Alexander said, "I am conquering the world."
83
230000
3000
04:08
And they both laughed.
84
233000
3000
04:11
Each one thought that the other was a fool.
85
236000
4000
04:15
The gymnosophist said, "Why is he conquering the world?
86
240000
4000
04:19
It's pointless."
87
244000
3000
04:22
And Alexander thought,
88
247000
2000
04:24
"Why is he sitting around, doing nothing?
89
249000
2000
04:26
What a waste of a life."
90
251000
2000
04:28
To understand this difference in viewpoints,
91
253000
4000
04:32
we have to understand
92
257000
3000
04:35
the subjective truth of Alexander --
93
260000
3000
04:38
his myth, and the mythology that constructed it.
94
263000
5000
04:43
Alexander's mother, his parents, his teacher Aristotle
95
268000
3000
04:46
told him the story of Homer's "Iliad."
96
271000
3000
04:49
They told him of a great hero called Achilles,
97
274000
3000
04:52
who, when he participated in battle, victory was assured,
98
277000
3000
04:55
but when he withdrew from the battle,
99
280000
3000
04:58
defeat was inevitable.
100
283000
3000
05:01
"Achilles was a man who could shape history,
101
286000
3000
05:04
a man of destiny,
102
289000
3000
05:07
and this is what you should be, Alexander."
103
292000
3000
05:10
That's what he heard.
104
295000
2000
05:12
"What should you not be?
105
297000
3000
05:15
You should not be Sisyphus,
106
300000
3000
05:18
who rolls a rock up a mountain all day
107
303000
2000
05:20
only to find the boulder rolled down at night.
108
305000
5000
05:25
Don't live a life which is monotonous,
109
310000
3000
05:28
mediocre, meaningless.
110
313000
2000
05:30
Be spectacular! --
111
315000
3000
05:33
like the Greek heroes,
112
318000
2000
05:35
like Jason, who went across the sea
113
320000
2000
05:37
with the Argonauts and fetched the Golden Fleece.
114
322000
4000
05:41
Be spectacular like Theseus,
115
326000
3000
05:44
who entered the labyrinth and killed the bull-headed Minotaur.
116
329000
6000
05:50
When you play in a race, win! --
117
335000
4000
05:54
because when you win, the exhilaration of victory
118
339000
3000
05:57
is the closest you will come to the ambrosia of the gods."
119
342000
5000
06:02
Because, you see, the Greeks believed
120
347000
3000
06:05
you live only once,
121
350000
2000
06:07
and when you die, you have to cross the River Styx.
122
352000
4000
06:11
And if you have lived an extraordinary life,
123
356000
3000
06:14
you will be welcomed to Elysium,
124
359000
3000
06:17
or what the French call "Champs-Élysées" --
125
362000
4000
06:21
(Laughter) --
126
366000
1000
06:22
the heaven of the heroes.
127
367000
3000
06:28
But these are not the stories that the gymnosophist heard.
128
373000
4000
06:32
He heard a very different story.
129
377000
3000
06:35
He heard of a man called Bharat,
130
380000
3000
06:38
after whom India is called Bhārata.
131
383000
3000
06:41
Bharat also conquered the world.
132
386000
3000
06:44
And then he went to the top-most peak
133
389000
3000
06:47
of the greatest mountain of the center of the world
134
392000
3000
06:50
called Meru.
135
395000
1000
06:51
And he wanted to hoist his flag to say,
136
396000
3000
06:54
"I was here first."
137
399000
3000
06:57
But when he reached the mountain peak,
138
402000
2000
06:59
he found the peak covered with countless flags
139
404000
5000
07:04
of world-conquerors before him,
140
409000
3000
07:07
each one claiming "'I was here first' ...
141
412000
4000
07:11
that's what I thought until I came here."
142
416000
4000
07:15
And suddenly, in this canvas of infinity,
143
420000
3000
07:18
Bharat felt insignificant.
144
423000
4000
07:22
This was the mythology of the gymnosophist.
145
427000
4000
07:26
You see, he had heroes, like Ram -- Raghupati Ram
146
431000
5000
07:31
and Krishna, Govinda Hari.
147
436000
2000
07:33
But they were not two characters on two different adventures.
148
438000
4000
07:37
They were two lifetimes of the same hero.
149
442000
4000
07:41
When the Ramayana ends the Mahabharata begins.
150
446000
4000
07:45
When Ram dies, Krishna is born.
151
450000
2000
07:47
When Krishna dies, eventually he will be back as Ram.
152
452000
3000
07:50
You see, the Indians also had a river
153
455000
3000
07:53
that separates the land of the living from the land of the dead.
154
458000
3000
07:56
But you don't cross it once.
155
461000
2000
07:58
You go to and fro endlessly.
156
463000
3000
08:01
It was called the Vaitarani.
157
466000
3000
08:04
You go again and again and again.
158
469000
3000
08:07
Because, you see,
159
472000
1000
08:08
nothing lasts forever in India, not even death.
160
473000
3000
08:11
And so, you have these grand rituals
161
476000
3000
08:14
where great images of mother goddesses are built
162
479000
3000
08:17
and worshiped for 10 days ...
163
482000
2000
08:19
And what do you do at the end of 10 days?
164
484000
2000
08:21
You dunk it in the river.
165
486000
3000
08:24
Because it has to end.
166
489000
2000
08:26
And next year, she will come back.
167
491000
3000
08:29
What goes around always comes around,
168
494000
2000
08:31
and this rule applies not just to man,
169
496000
3000
08:34
but also the gods.
170
499000
2000
08:36
You see, the gods
171
501000
3000
08:39
have to come back again and again and again
172
504000
2000
08:41
as Ram, as Krishna.
173
506000
2000
08:43
Not only do they live infinite lives,
174
508000
3000
08:46
but the same life is lived infinite times
175
511000
3000
08:49
till you get to the point of it all.
176
514000
5000
08:54
"Groundhog Day."
177
519000
2000
08:56
(Laughter)
178
521000
3000
09:01
Two different mythologies.
179
526000
3000
09:04
Which is right?
180
529000
2000
09:06
Two different mythologies, two different ways of looking at the world.
181
531000
3000
09:09
One linear, one cyclical.
182
534000
2000
09:11
One believes this is the one and only life.
183
536000
2000
09:13
The other believes this is one of many lives.
184
538000
5000
09:18
And so, the denominator of Alexander's life was one.
185
543000
4000
09:22
So, the value of his life was the sum total
186
547000
3000
09:25
of his achievements.
187
550000
2000
09:27
The denominator of the gymnosophist's life was infinity.
188
552000
4000
09:31
So, no matter what he did,
189
556000
3000
09:34
it was always zero.
190
559000
2000
09:36
And I believe it is this mythological paradigm
191
561000
3000
09:39
that inspired Indian mathematicians
192
564000
3000
09:42
to discover the number zero.
193
567000
2000
09:44
Who knows?
194
569000
2000
09:46
And that brings us to the mythology of business.
195
571000
3000
09:49
If Alexander's belief influenced his behavior,
196
574000
3000
09:52
if the gymnosophist's belief influences his behavior,
197
577000
4000
09:56
then it was bound to influence the business they were in.
198
581000
5000
10:01
You see, what is business
199
586000
2000
10:03
but the result of how the market behaves
200
588000
2000
10:05
and how the organization behaves?
201
590000
3000
10:08
And if you look at cultures around the world,
202
593000
3000
10:11
all you have to do is understand the mythology
203
596000
2000
10:13
and you will see how they behave and how they do business.
204
598000
3000
10:16
Take a look.
205
601000
4000
10:20
If you live only once, in one-life cultures around the world,
206
605000
3000
10:23
you will see an obsession with binary logic,
207
608000
2000
10:25
absolute truth, standardization,
208
610000
3000
10:28
absoluteness, linear patterns in design.
209
613000
3000
10:31
But if you look at cultures which have cyclical
210
616000
3000
10:34
and based on infinite lives, you will see a comfort with fuzzy logic,
211
619000
5000
10:39
with opinion,
212
624000
2000
10:41
with contextual thinking,
213
626000
2000
10:43
with everything is relative, sort of --
214
628000
3000
10:46
(Laughter)
215
631000
1000
10:47
mostly.
216
632000
2000
10:49
(Laughter)
217
634000
1000
10:50
You look at art. Look at the ballerina,
218
635000
3000
10:53
how linear she is in her performance.
219
638000
2000
10:55
And then look at the Indian classical dancer,
220
640000
2000
10:57
the Kuchipudi dancer, the Bharatanatyam dancer,
221
642000
2000
10:59
curvaceous.
222
644000
2000
11:01
(Laughter)
223
646000
3000
11:04
And then look at business.
224
649000
2000
11:06
Standard business model:
225
651000
2000
11:08
vision, mission, values, processes.
226
653000
4000
11:12
Sounds very much like the journey through
227
657000
2000
11:14
the wilderness to the promised land,
228
659000
2000
11:16
with the commandments held by the leader.
229
661000
2000
11:18
And if you comply, you will go to heaven.
230
663000
5000
11:23
But in India there is no "the" promised land.
231
668000
2000
11:25
There are many promised lands,
232
670000
3000
11:28
depending on your station in society,
233
673000
3000
11:31
depending on your stage of life.
234
676000
2000
11:33
You see, businesses are not run as institutions,
235
678000
4000
11:37
by the idiosyncrasies of individuals.
236
682000
3000
11:40
It's always about taste.
237
685000
3000
11:43
It's always about my taste.
238
688000
4000
11:47
You see, Indian music, for example,
239
692000
2000
11:49
does not have the concept of harmony.
240
694000
2000
11:51
There is no orchestra conductor.
241
696000
4000
11:55
There is one performer standing there, and everybody follows.
242
700000
3000
11:58
And you can never replicate that performance twice.
243
703000
4000
12:02
It is not about documentation and contract.
244
707000
2000
12:04
It's about conversation and faith.
245
709000
4000
12:08
It's not about compliance. It's about setting,
246
713000
4000
12:12
getting the job done, by bending or breaking the rules --
247
717000
4000
12:16
just look at your Indian people around here,
248
721000
2000
12:18
you'll see them smile; they know what it is.
249
723000
2000
12:20
(Laughter)
250
725000
1000
12:21
And then look at people who have done business in India,
251
726000
2000
12:23
you'll see the exasperation on their faces.
252
728000
2000
12:25
(Laughter)
253
730000
1000
12:26
(Applause)
254
731000
4000
12:30
You see, this is what India is today. The ground reality
255
735000
2000
12:32
is based on a cyclical world view.
256
737000
2000
12:34
So, it's rapidly changing, highly diverse,
257
739000
3000
12:37
chaotic, ambiguous, unpredictable.
258
742000
3000
12:40
And people are okay with it.
259
745000
3000
12:43
And then globalization is taking place.
260
748000
2000
12:45
The demands of modern institutional thinking is coming in.
261
750000
4000
12:49
Which is rooted in one-life culture.
262
754000
4000
12:53
And a clash is going to take place,
263
758000
2000
12:55
like on the banks of the Indus.
264
760000
3000
12:58
It is bound to happen.
265
763000
3000
13:01
I have personally experienced it. I'm trained as a medical doctor.
266
766000
3000
13:04
I did not want to study surgery. Don't ask me why.
267
769000
3000
13:07
I love mythology too much.
268
772000
2000
13:09
I wanted to learn mythology. But there is nowhere you can study.
269
774000
2000
13:11
So, I had to teach it to myself.
270
776000
2000
13:13
And mythology does not pay, well, until now.
271
778000
3000
13:16
(Laughter)
272
781000
4000
13:20
So, I had to take up a job. And I worked in the pharma industry.
273
785000
3000
13:23
And I worked in the healthcare industry.
274
788000
2000
13:25
And I worked as a marketing guy, and a sales guy,
275
790000
2000
13:27
and a knowledge guy, and a content guy, and a training guy.
276
792000
3000
13:30
I even was a business consultant, doing strategies and tactics.
277
795000
3000
13:33
And I would see the exasperation
278
798000
2000
13:35
between my American and European colleagues,
279
800000
3000
13:38
when they were dealing with India.
280
803000
2000
13:40
Example: Please tell us the process
281
805000
3000
13:43
to invoice hospitals.
282
808000
3000
13:46
Step A. Step B. Step C. Mostly.
283
811000
4000
13:50
(Laughter)
284
815000
2000
13:52
How do you parameterize "mostly"?
285
817000
2000
13:54
How do you put it in a nice little software? You can't.
286
819000
4000
13:58
I would give my viewpoints to people.
287
823000
2000
14:00
But nobody was interested in listening to it,
288
825000
2000
14:02
you see, until I met Kishore Biyani of the Future group.
289
827000
4000
14:06
You see, he has established the largest retail chain, called Big Bazaar.
290
831000
5000
14:11
And there are more than 200 formats,
291
836000
2000
14:13
across 50 cities and towns of India.
292
838000
2000
14:15
And he was dealing with diverse and dynamic markets.
293
840000
4000
14:19
And he knew very intuitively,
294
844000
2000
14:21
that best practices,
295
846000
2000
14:23
developed in Japan and China and Europe and America
296
848000
3000
14:26
will not work in India.
297
851000
3000
14:29
He knew that institutional thinking doesn't work in India. Individual thinking does.
298
854000
4000
14:33
He had an intuitive understanding of the mythic structure of India.
299
858000
4000
14:37
So, he had asked me to be the Chief Belief Officer, and said,
300
862000
2000
14:39
"All I want to do is align belief."
301
864000
3000
14:42
Sounds so simple.
302
867000
2000
14:44
But belief is not measurable.
303
869000
2000
14:46
You can't measure it. You can't manage it.
304
871000
2000
14:48
So, how do you construct belief?
305
873000
2000
14:50
How do you enhance the sensitivity of people to Indian-ness.
306
875000
4000
14:54
Even if you are Indian, it is not very explicit, it is not very obvious.
307
879000
4000
14:58
So, I tried to work on the standard model of culture,
308
883000
4000
15:02
which is, develop stories, symbols and rituals.
309
887000
2000
15:04
And I will share one of the rituals with you.
310
889000
3000
15:07
You see it is based on the Hindu ritual of Darshan.
311
892000
3000
15:10
Hindus don't have the concept of commandments.
312
895000
2000
15:12
So, there is nothing right or wrong in what you do in life.
313
897000
2000
15:14
So, you're not really sure how you stand in front of God.
314
899000
3000
15:17
So, when you go to the temple, all you seek is an audience with God.
315
902000
3000
15:20
You want to see God.
316
905000
2000
15:22
And you want God to see you, and hence the gods have very large eyes,
317
907000
4000
15:26
large unblinking eyes,
318
911000
2000
15:28
sometimes made of silver,
319
913000
3000
15:31
so they look at you.
320
916000
2000
15:33
Because you don't know whether you're right or wrong, and so all you seek
321
918000
2000
15:35
is divine empathy.
322
920000
4000
15:39
"Just know where I came from, why I did the Jugaad."
323
924000
3000
15:42
(Laughter)
324
927000
1000
15:43
"Why did I do the setting,
325
928000
2000
15:45
why I don't care for the processes. Just understand me, please."
326
930000
5000
15:50
And based on this, we created a ritual for leaders.
327
935000
3000
15:53
After a leader completes his training and is about to take over the store,
328
938000
4000
15:57
we blindfold him, we surround him with the stakeholders,
329
942000
4000
16:01
the customer, his family, his team, his boss.
330
946000
4000
16:05
You read out his KRA, his KPI, you give him the keys,
331
950000
3000
16:08
and then you remove the blindfold.
332
953000
2000
16:10
And invariably, you see a tear,
333
955000
3000
16:13
because the penny has dropped.
334
958000
2000
16:15
He realizes that to succeed,
335
960000
4000
16:19
he does not have to be a "professional,"
336
964000
3000
16:22
he does not have to cut out his emotions,
337
967000
3000
16:25
he has to include all these people
338
970000
3000
16:28
in his world to succeed, to make them happy,
339
973000
4000
16:32
to make the boss happy, to make everyone happy.
340
977000
2000
16:34
The customer is happy, because the customer is God.
341
979000
3000
16:37
That sensitivity is what we need. Once this belief enters,
342
982000
3000
16:40
behavior will happen, business will happen.
343
985000
3000
16:43
And it has.
344
988000
3000
16:46
So, then we come back to Alexander
345
991000
3000
16:49
and to the gymnosophist.
346
994000
2000
16:51
And everybody asks me, "Which is the better way, this way or that way?"
347
996000
4000
16:55
And it's a very dangerous question,
348
1000000
2000
16:57
because it leads you to the path of fundamentalism and violence.
349
1002000
4000
17:01
So, I will not answer the question.
350
1006000
2000
17:03
What I will give you is an Indian answer,
351
1008000
2000
17:05
the Indian head-shake.
352
1010000
2000
17:07
(Laughter)
353
1012000
2000
17:09
(Applause)
354
1014000
4000
17:13
Depending on the context,
355
1018000
2000
17:15
depending on the outcome,
356
1020000
2000
17:17
choose your paradigm.
357
1022000
3000
17:20
You see, because both the paradigms are human constructions.
358
1025000
3000
17:23
They are cultural creations,
359
1028000
3000
17:26
not natural phenomena.
360
1031000
3000
17:29
And so the next time you meet someone, a stranger,
361
1034000
3000
17:32
one request:
362
1037000
2000
17:34
Understand that you live in the subjective truth,
363
1039000
3000
17:37
and so does he.
364
1042000
2000
17:39
Understand it.
365
1044000
2000
17:41
And when you understand it you will discover something spectacular.
366
1046000
5000
17:46
You will discover that within infinite myths
367
1051000
2000
17:48
lies the eternal truth.
368
1053000
2000
17:50
Who sees it all?
369
1055000
2000
17:52
Varuna has but a thousand eyes.
370
1057000
2000
17:54
Indra, a hundred.
371
1059000
3000
17:57
You and I, only two.
372
1062000
2000
17:59
Thank you. Namaste.
373
1064000
3000
18:02
(Applause)
374
1067000
18000

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Devdutt Pattanaik - Mythologist
Devdutt Pattanaik looks at business and modern life through the lens of mythology.

Why you should listen

We all search for meaning in our work and lives. Devdutt Pattanaik suggests we try a tactic of our ancestors -- finding life lessons in myth, ritual and shared stories. When he was Chief Belief Officer at Future Group in Mumbai, he helped managers harness the power of myth to understand their employees, their companies and their customers. He's working to create a Retail Religion, to build deep, lasting ties between customers and brands.

Pattanaik is a self-taught mythologist, and the author (and often illustrator) of several works on aspects of myth, including the primer Myth = Mithya: A Handbook of Hindu Mythology and his most recent book, 7 Secrets from Hindu Calendar Art. He writes a column called "Management Mythos" for Economic Times that juxtaposes myth onto modern leadership challenges. His newest area of inquiry: How is traditional management, as expressed in old Indian cultural narratives, different from modern scientific management techniques?"

More profile about the speaker
Devdutt Pattanaik | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee