Judith Heumann: Our fight for disability rights -- and why we're not done yet
جودیت هئومان: مبارزه برای حقوق معلولان-- و این که چرا هنوز تحقق نیافته است
Judith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
به دنیا آمدم.
مبتلا به فلج اطفال شدم.
for three years.
در رفت و آمد بودم.
in our Brooklyn neighborhood,
very helpful for my parents.
خیلی کمک میکردند.
afraid of contagion,
این بیماری مسری باشد
in front of our house.
walk across the street.
از سمت دیگر خیابان بروند.
when my family really began to realize
خانوادهام متوجه شدند
that I would live at home,
من در خانه زندگی کنم،
until I was 36 years old.
این موضوع بیاطلاع بودم.
with my father one night,
when you were two years old,
suggested to your mom and I
go ahead with their lives
ادامه بدهند و بچههای
with all the disability-related things.
با مسائل مرتبط به "معلولیت" خلاص کنند.
not because he was a liar,
نه به خاطر این که او دروغ میگفت،
اینها را برایم بگوید.
I was really surprised by this story,
چرا تا این حد از این داستان تعجب کردم،
all across the United States,
در نقاط مختلف آمریکا،
in walking distance to our house,
up the steps into the school,
no, I couldn't come to that school
نه، من اجازه ندارم به آن مدرسه بروم
would send a teacher to my house.
معلمی را به خانهی ما میفرستد.
in a real building
در یک ساختمان واقعی نرفتم
only with disabled children
فقط کودکان معلول حضور داشتند،
mainly nondisabled children.
بیشتر بچهها غیرمعلول بودند.
called sheltered workshops
که ویژه معلولان بودند
or below minimum wage.
یا درآمدشان پایینتر از میانگین بود.
who left in the 1930s,
که در دههٔ سی میلادی آنجا را ترک کردند
and they lost parents.
والدین خود را از دست دادند.
their parents in the Holocaust.
در هولوکاست از دست دادند.
for me in my life.
I used a wheelchair,
آنها فهمیدند که
in New York City, in the entire city,
و در کل سطح شهر،
back onto home instruction
به سیستم آموزش در خانه برمیگشتم
with other parents.
والدین بچههای دیگر متحد شدند.
make some of the high schools accessible.
برای بعضی از مدارس فراهم کنند.
a regular high school,
یک دبیرستان معمولی،
about what discrimination was,
تبعیض چیست، میفهمیدم،
that I needed to become my own advocate.
من نیاز دارم به حامی خودم تبدیل شوم.
Long Island University,
دانشگاه «لانگ آیلند»،
and I took all the appropriate courses,
و همهی دورههای مرتبط به آن را گذراندم،
for me to go for my license,
شرکت میکردم،
inaccessible buildings,
برای استفاده از ویلچر برگزار میشد،
up and down the steps
من را از پلهها بالا و پایین میبردند
completely different.
the doctor asked me
how I went to the bathroom.
نشان بدهم چگونه به حمام میروم.
for any kind of an interview,
شرکت میکنید،
of questions that people could ask you?
فکر میکنید
no disabled people using wheelchairs
که از ویلچر استفاده کند
I was expecting something bad.
منتظر یک اتفاق بد بودم.
that teachers show their students
معلمان به دانشآموزان خود نشان دهند
میتوانم آن را انجام دهم.
that I was denied my job
sequelae of -- I'm sorry.
ببخشید.
sequelae of poliomyelitis.
what the word "sequelae" meant,
معنی آن کلمه چیست
and it meant "because of."
یعنی "به خاطر"
because I couldn't walk.
چون نمیتوانستم راه بروم
time in my life,
challenging the system, me,
به چالش میکشیدم، من،
of other friends who had disabilities
کار میکردم که معلولیت داشتند
to move forward with this,
که به جلو بروم
at Long Island University
در دانشگاه «لانگ آیلند» داشتم
at the "New York Times,"
در روزنامهی «نیویرک تایمز» هم بود.
about what had happened
دربارهٔ آنچه اتفاق افتاده بود
what had happened was wrong.
این اتفاق اشتباه است.
in the "New York Times"
روزنامهی «نیویورک تایمز» بود
"Human v. The Board of Education"
came out in support
از من حمایت کرد
who was writing a book about civil rights.
که کتابی دربارهٔ حقوق شهروندی مینوشت.
I want to sue the Board of Education."
میخواهم از «هیئت آموزش» شکایت کنم.
were aligned around this court case,
همراه ما در این پرونده قضایی بود
female federal judge --
when she saw it.
وقتی که آن را دید.
to offer me a job,
and I started teaching that fall
و تدریسم را همان پاییز شروع کردم
مثل دوستانم که یاد میگرفتند،
around the country,
در سراسر کشور،
با این دیدگاه جامعه مقابله کنیم
you needed to be cured,
نیاز دارید تا درمان شوید،
part of the equation.
بخشی از مسئله نبود
from the Civil Rights Movement
about their activism
یاد میگرفتیم
the Disability Rights Movement.
آن را جنبش حقوق معلولیت مینامیم
a couple of riddles.
برای شما تعریف کنم
خیلی کم باشد.
که مناسب ویلچر باشد،
یک معمای بامزه دیگر بپرسم.
to stop a bus in New York City
تا یک اتوبوس در نیویورک متوقف شود
because you're in a wheelchair?
چون از ویلچر استفاده میکنید؟
right in front of the steps
درست جلوی پلهها
نمیتواند حرکت کند
to learn how to do that,
چه طور این کار را انجام دهد بعد سخنرانی
vetoed the Rehabilitation Act.
قانون توانبخشی را وتو کرد
to be promulgated to implement that law
تا اجرای قانونی فراگیر شود
With Disabilities Act, the ADA,
با معلولیت (ADA)،
in fact be passed in the House or Senate,
در حقیقت در سنا یا کنگره تصویب شود،
the United States came together
گرد هم آمدند
سینهخیز بالا رفتند.
«آمریکاییهای معلول» را تصویب کردند.
on the lawn of the White House.
در محوطه کاخ سفید امضا کرد.
statements he had in his speech
در سخنرانیاش
of exclusion finally come tumbling down."
دیوار شرمآور محرومیت خراب شود.»
or maybe or even 40 or older,
یا شاید و حتی چهل سال به بالا،
there were no ramps on the streets,
هیچ «رمپی» در خیابانها وجود نداشت
bathrooms in shopping malls,
در مراکز خرید وجود نداشت،
a sign language interpreter,
or other kinds of supports.
یا انواع دیگر کمکها.
want laws like we have,
قوانینی میخواهند مانند آنچه ما داریم،
گفته میشود
of Persons with Disabilities.
در سال ۲۰۰۶ وضع شده بود.
have joined this treaty.
human rights treaty
سنای ایالات متحده
that we ratify the treaty.
شکست خورده تا ما آن را رسمی کنیم.
into force until ratification,
تا زمان رسمی شدن،
no president can ratify a treaty
هیچ رئیسجمهوری نمیتواند قانونی را
وظیفهاش را انجام دهد،
to enable us as Americans
به عنوان شهروندان آمریکا قادر سازد
people and governments around the world
دولتها در سراسر جهان کمک کنیم
that we've been doing,
ما در حال انجام آن هستیم،
have the same opportunities
تحصیل یا کار کنند
don't have the same laws as we do
قوانین مشابه ما ندارند
نمیتوانند آنها را عملی کنند،
are more limited.
سفر میکنم،
violence and rape
تجربه میکنند
these forms of violence
and people that they know,
یا آشنایان اتفاق میافتد.
با آنها کار میکنند
are not adjudicated.
اغلب، قابل پیگیری قضایی نیستند.
where there's a quota system,
زندگی میکردند،
in the facility."
the door of your vehicle,
in the community with appropriate supports
با حمایت مناسب زندگی کنند
lives of despair.
سپری میکنند.
needs to be doing more to correct.
که آمریکا نیاز دارد تا درستتر عمل کند.
be doing together?
you can join at any point in your life.
در هر دورهای از زندگی به آن بپیوندید.
how many of you have ever broken a bone?
چندنفر تا الآن شکستگی استخوان داشتهاند؟
you to maybe write a couple of sentences
میخواهم شما چند خطی بنویسید
has been like for you,
برای شما چگونه بود،
I couldn't do that.
یا آن کار را انجام دهم.
They acted differently towards me."
آنها طور دیگری با من رفتار میکردند.»
and other disabled people see
من و دیگر افراد معلول میبینیم
and watching this TED Talk --
گوش میدهند و میبینند…
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Judith Heumann - Disability rights activistJudith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people.
Why you should listen
Judith (Judy) Heumann contracted polio in 1949 in Brooklyn, NY and began to experience discrimination at five years old when she was denied the right to attend school because she was a "fire hazard." Her parents played a strong role in fighting for her rights as a child. Heumann determined that she, working in collaboration with other disabled people, had to play an increasing advocacy role as she and others experienced continuous discrimination because of their disabilities. She is now an internationally recognized leader in the disability rights community and a lifelong civil rights advocate. As a Senior Fellow at the Ford Foundation, she is currently working to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work and is leading a project to advance the inclusion of disabled people in the media.
President Obama appointed Heumann as the first Special Advisor for International Disability Rights at the US Department of State, where she served from 2010-2017. Prior to this position, she served as the Director for the Department on Disability Services for the District of Columbia, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration.
From June 2002- 2006, Heumann served as the World Bank's first Adviser on Disability and Development. In this position, she led the World Bank's disability work to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the global conversation. From 1993 to 2001, Heumann served in the Clinton Administration as the Assistant Secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the Department of Education. She was also responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.
Heumann graduated from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY in 1969 and received her Master’s in Public Health from the University of California at Berkeley in 1975. Her goal in life is to continue to advance the rights and empowerment of ALL disabled people around the world. She is also currently building an online presence through The Heumann Perspective which can found on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter.
Judith Heumann | Speaker | TED.com