Judith Heumann: Our fight for disability rights -- and why we're not done yet
주디스 휴먼(Judith Heumann): 장애인 인권을 위한 우리의 싸움, 그리고 아직 끝이 아닌 이유
Judith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
아주 오래 전이죠.
소아마비를 앓았습니다.
달고 있어야 했고
for three years.
in our Brooklyn neighborhood,
주변에 이웃들이 많았는데요.
very helpful for my parents.
큰 도움을 주셨습니다.
afraid of contagion,
너무 두려웠던 나머지
in front of our house.
지나가지도 않았습니다.
walk across the street.
when my family really began to realize
그때 깨닫게 되었던 것 같아요.
장애가 어떤 의미인지를요.
that I would live at home,
확실치 않았습니다.
until I was 36 years old.
되어서야 알았지만요.
with my father one night,
이야기를 나누는데
when you were two years old,
"있잖아, 네가 두 살 때
suggested to your mom and I
보내는 걸 추천했단다."
go ahead with their lives
본인들의 삶을 살면서
with all the disability-related things.
신경쓰지 않아도 되셨겠죠.
not because he was a liar,
아버지가 거짓말쟁이라서가 아니고
I was really surprised by this story,
그렇게 놀랐는지는 모르겠어요.
all across the United States,
저희 부모님도 저를 학교에 입학시키려고
in walking distance to our house,
집 근처 학교까지 밀어주셨고
up the steps into the school,
휠체어를 끌고 올라가서
no, I couldn't come to that school
불편하기 때문에
would send a teacher to my house.
걱정하지 말라고도 하셨죠.
in a real building
수업을 받게 된 건
only with disabled children
비장애학생인 학교에서
mainly nondisabled children.
수업을 들었죠.
21살이었어요.
called sheltered workshops
or below minimum wage.
못 받으며 지냈습니다.
who left in the 1930s,
피해서 떠나오셨죠.
and they lost parents.
their parents in the Holocaust.
홀로코스트로 돌아가셨고요.
가고 있는 걸 깨달으시고는
for me in my life.
I used a wheelchair,
부모님도 알게 되신 것들이 있는데요.
in New York City, in the entire city,
휠체어로 다닐 수 있는 학교는
back onto home instruction
with other parents.
다른 부모님들과 연대를 하셨어요.
make some of the high schools accessible.
만들어 달라고 요구하셨어요.
a regular high school,
일반 수업을 들을 수 있게 되었죠.
about what discrimination was,
that I needed to become my own advocate.
되어야 한다는 것도 배웠어요.
Long Island University,
and I took all the appropriate courses,
필요한 수업들은 모두 들었고
for me to go for my license,
inaccessible buildings,
보장되지 않은 건물이어서
up and down the steps
날라줘야 했습니다.
completely different.
the doctor asked me
how I went to the bathroom.
보여줄 수 있냐는 것이었어요.
for any kind of an interview,
of questions that people could ask you?
장애인 교사가 없다고 들었고
no disabled people using wheelchairs
I was expecting something bad.
힘들 거라는 건 예상했거든요.
that teachers show their students
화장실 사용하는 방법을
that I was denied my job
sequelae of -- I'm sorry.
아, 그게 아니고
sequelae of poliomyelitis.
하반신 마비였어요.
what the word "sequelae" meant,
단어를 몰라서 사전을 찾아봤더니
and it meant "because of."
because I couldn't walk.
자격증을 따지 못한 것이죠.
time in my life,
굉장히 중요한 시기였어요.
처음으로 도전해야 했거든요.
challenging the system, me,
of other friends who had disabilities
장애를 가진 친구들은
to move forward with this,
at Long Island University
"뉴욕 타임즈"에 비상근 통신원으로
at the "New York Times,"
about what had happened
잘못됐다고 생각하는지
what had happened was wrong.
in the "New York Times"
"Human v. The Board of Education"
제목의 글이 실렸고
came out in support
취득을 지지한다고 말했어요.
who was writing a book about civil rights.
변호사로부터 전화도 받았어요.
I want to sue the Board of Education."
교육위원회를 고소하려고 하는데요."
were aligned around this court case,
딱 맞아 떨어졌다고 전 말하고 다녀요.
female federal judge --
when she saw it.
차별이라는 걸 아셨죠.
강력히 권했고
to offer me a job,
and I started teaching that fall
마침내 발령을 받아서
하나 더 할 수 있긴 해요.
around the country,
저도 배우고 있었어요.
되어야만 한다는 것,
맞서 싸워야 한다는 것
you needed to be cured,
part of the equation.
등호가 아니라는 것을요.
from the Civil Rights Movement
about their activism
논의 방법뿐만 아니라
the Disability Rights Movement.
장애 인권 운동이 탄생했습니다.
a couple of riddles.
몇 문제 내려고 해요.
호송차가 없었기에
to stop a bus in New York City
because you're in a wheelchair?
멈추려면 몇 명이 필요할까요?
right in front of the steps
계단 바로 앞에 자리 잡은 다음에
to learn how to do that,
vetoed the Rehabilitation Act.
재활법을 기각시켰어요.
대통령은 서명했죠.
to be promulgated to implement that law
선포되어야 할 시행령은
시행령도 통과되었죠.
With Disabilities Act, the ADA,
in fact be passed in the House or Senate,
기미가 보이지 않자
the United States came together
기어 올라갔어요.
복지법을 통과시켰고요.
on the lawn of the White House.
위에서 복지법에 서명을 했어요.
statements he had in his speech
가장 유명한 말이 있는데요.
of exclusion finally come tumbling down."
드디어 무너집니다."
or maybe or even 40 or older,
there were no ramps on the streets,
bathrooms in shopping malls,
있는 화장실이 없던 시절
a sign language interpreter,
없던 때를 다들 기억하실 거예요.
or other kinds of supports.
want laws like we have,
장애인 복지법을 원하고
of Persons with Disabilities.
have joined this treaty.
이 조약에 동참했습니다.
human rights treaty
that we ratify the treaty.
사실이 너무 슬픕니다.
into force until ratification,
no president can ratify a treaty
to enable us as Americans
people and governments around the world
that we've been doing,
배울 수 있도록 해야 합니다.
have the same opportunities
공부하고, 일할 수 있는
don't have the same laws as we do
동일한 법을 갖고 있고
are more limited.
더 제한적일 수 밖에 없습니다.
violence and rape
these forms of violence
and people that they know,
지인들로부터 당했다고 합니다.
are not adjudicated.
경우도 많았습니다.
국가에서 살아서
where there's a quota system,
in the facility."
꼭 필요한 건 아니니까요."
the door of your vehicle,
in the community with appropriate supports
lives of despair.
사람들도 보았습니다.
needs to be doing more to correct.
더 열심히 일해야 할 것입니다.
be doing together?
일에는 어떤 게 있을까요?
you can join at any point in your life.
가족 같은 것입니다.
how many of you have ever broken a bone?
손을 한번 들어봐 주시겠어요?
you to maybe write a couple of sentences
그 시기가 여러분께 어땠는지
has been like for you,
말해주더라고요.
I couldn't do that.
되게 많았어요.
They acted differently towards me."
저를 대하는 태도가 달라졌어요."
and other disabled people see
and watching this TED Talk --
듣고 계신 분들
이만 버스 잡으러 가야겠네요.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Judith Heumann - Disability rights activistJudith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people.
Why you should listen
Judith (Judy) Heumann contracted polio in 1949 in Brooklyn, NY and began to experience discrimination at five years old when she was denied the right to attend school because she was a "fire hazard." Her parents played a strong role in fighting for her rights as a child. Heumann determined that she, working in collaboration with other disabled people, had to play an increasing advocacy role as she and others experienced continuous discrimination because of their disabilities. She is now an internationally recognized leader in the disability rights community and a lifelong civil rights advocate. As a Senior Fellow at the Ford Foundation, she is currently working to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work and is leading a project to advance the inclusion of disabled people in the media.
President Obama appointed Heumann as the first Special Advisor for International Disability Rights at the US Department of State, where she served from 2010-2017. Prior to this position, she served as the Director for the Department on Disability Services for the District of Columbia, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration.
From June 2002- 2006, Heumann served as the World Bank's first Adviser on Disability and Development. In this position, she led the World Bank's disability work to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the global conversation. From 1993 to 2001, Heumann served in the Clinton Administration as the Assistant Secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the Department of Education. She was also responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.
Heumann graduated from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY in 1969 and received her Master’s in Public Health from the University of California at Berkeley in 1975. Her goal in life is to continue to advance the rights and empowerment of ALL disabled people around the world. She is also currently building an online presence through The Heumann Perspective which can found on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter.
Judith Heumann | Speaker | TED.com