ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Buettner - Longevity coach, explorer
National Geographic writer and explorer Dan Buettner studies the world's longest-lived peoples, distilling their secrets into a single plan for health and long life.

Why you should listen

What do Seventh-Day Adventists in California, the residents of Sardinia, Italy and the inhabitants of the islands of Okinawa, Japan have in common? They enjoy the longest, healthiest lives on the planet. Dan Buettner assembled a team of researchers to seek out these "hotspots of human health and vitality," which he calls Blue Zones, and to figure out what they do that helps them live so long.

Buettner, a world-renowned explorer and a writer for National Geographic, travels the world seeking out new Blue Zones (he's found five, to date) and speaking at seminars and on TV, sharing the habits that lead to long life. He is the founder of Quest Network, and has set three world records for endurance cycling.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Buettner | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxTC

Dan Buettner: How to live to be 100+

Dan Buettner: Como vivir para chegar ós 100 anos

Filmed:
4,070,934 views

Para atopar o camiño para unha vida longa e saudable, Dan Buettner e o seu equipo estudaron as "zonas azuis" no mundo, as comunidades nas que os anciáns viven con gran forza e vigor ata unha idade récord. En TEDxTC comenta os 9 hábitos máis comúns na dieta e estilo de vida que os manteñen en plena actividade máis alá dos 100 anos.
- Longevity coach, explorer
National Geographic writer and explorer Dan Buettner studies the world's longest-lived peoples, distilling their secrets into a single plan for health and long life. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Something called the Danish Twin Study
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Algo chamado o "estudo dos xemelgos dinamarqueses"
00:18
established that only about 10 percent
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constatou que só preto dun 10%
00:20
of how long the average person lives,
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da vida media dunha persoa
00:23
within certain biological limits, is dictated by our genes.
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dentro de certos límites biolóxicos, é determinado polos xenes.
00:26
The other 90 percent is dictated by our lifestyle.
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O outro 90% é ditado polo noso estilo de vida.
00:31
So the premise of Blue Zones: if we can find the
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Polo tanto, esta é a premisa de Zonas Azuis: se é que podemos atopar
00:33
optimal lifestyle of longevity
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o estilo de vida ideal para a lonxevidade,
00:35
we can come up with a de facto formula
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podemos chegar a unha fórmula de feito
00:38
for longevity.
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para a lonxevidade.
00:40
But if you ask the average American what the optimal formula
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Pero se preguntamos ó estadounidense medio cal é a fórmula ideal
00:42
of longevity is, they probably couldn't tell you.
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para a lonxevidade, probablemente non saberá dicirche.
00:45
They've probably heard of the South Beach Diet, or the Atkins Diet.
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Posiblemente escoitou falar da dieta de South Beach ou a dieta Atkins.
00:48
You have the USDA food pyramid.
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Tamén coñeceredes a pirámide alimentaria do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos.
00:50
There is what Oprah tells us.
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E o que Oprah di.
00:52
There is what Doctor Oz tells us.
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E o que di o Dr Oz.
00:54
The fact of the matter is there is a lot of confusion
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A realidade é que hai moita confusión
00:57
around what really helps us live longer better.
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sobre o que realmente nos axuda a vivir máis e mellor.
01:00
Should you be running marathons or doing yoga?
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Debemos correr maratóns ou facer ioga?
01:05
Should you eat organic meats
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Debemos comer carne orgánica
01:07
or should you be eating tofu?
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ou debemos comer tofu?
01:09
When it comes to supplements, should you be taking them?
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No que se refire os suplementos vitamínicos debemos tomalos?
01:12
How about these hormones or resveratrol?
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E que dicir de tomar hormonas ou Resveratrol?
01:15
And does purpose play into it?
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E ter un propósito tamén inflúe?
01:17
Spirituality? And how about how we socialize?
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A espiritualidade? E as nosas relacións sociais?
01:20
Well, our approach to finding longevity
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Así, a nosa visión na busca da lonxevidade
01:22
was to team up with National Geographic,
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foi formar un equipo coa National Geographic
01:24
and the National Institute on Aging,
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e co Instituto Nacional do Envellecemento,
01:26
to find the four demographically confirmed areas
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para atopar catro zonas con datos demográficos confirmados
01:30
that are geographically defined.
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que estiveran xeograficamente definidas.
01:32
And then bring a team of experts in there
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E logo levar alí un equipo de expertos
01:34
to methodically go through exactly what these people do,
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para analizar metodicamente o que fan exactamente estas persoas,
01:37
to distill down the cross-cultural distillation.
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e mostrar así unha revelación de carácter transcultural.
01:41
And at the end of this I'm going to tell you what that distillation is.
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E ó final direivos cal é esa revelación.
01:44
But first I'd like to debunk some common myths
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Pero primeiro gustaríame refutar algúns mitos comúns
01:47
when it comes to longevity.
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en relación coa lonxevidade.
01:49
And the first myth is if you try really hard
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E o primeiro mito é que se pos todo da túa parte,
01:52
you can live to be 100.
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entón podes vivir 100 anos.
01:54
False.
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Falso.
01:56
The problem is, only about one out of 5,000 people
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A cuestión é que só unha de cada 5.000 persoas
01:59
in America live to be 100.
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nos Estados Unidos pode vivir ata os 100 anos.
02:02
Your chances are very low.
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As vosas posibilidades son moi baixas.
02:04
Even though it's the fastest growing demographic in America,
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A pesar de ser o grupo da poboación que está a crecer máis rápido nos Estados Unidos
02:07
it's hard to reach 100.
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é difícil chegar ós 100 anos.
02:09
The problem is
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O problema é
02:11
that we're not programmed for longevity.
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que non estamos programados para a lonxevidade.
02:15
We are programmed for something called
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Estamos programados para algo chamado
02:17
procreative success.
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"éxito reprodutivo".
02:20
I love that word.
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Encántame esta palabra.
02:22
It reminds me of my college days.
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Lémbrame dos meus días na facultade.
02:25
Biologists term procreative success to mean
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Co termo “éxito reprodutivo” os biólogos
02:27
the age where you have children
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refírense á idade na que tes fillos
02:30
and then another generation, the age when your children have children.
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e, a continuación, nunha xeración, á idade na que os teus fillos teñen fillos.
02:33
After that the effect of evolution
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Despois diso, o efecto da evolución
02:35
completely dissipates.
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disípase por completo.
02:38
If you're a mammal, if you're a rat
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Se es un mamífero, se es un rato
02:41
or an elephant, or a human, in between, it's the same story.
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ou un elefante ou un ser humano, é a mesma historia.
02:45
So to make it to age 100, you not only have to have
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Entón, para chegar a 100 anos, non só debes ter
02:48
had a very good lifestyle, you also have to have won
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un estilo de vida moi bo, tamén tivo que tocarche
02:51
the genetic lottery.
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a lotería xenética.
02:53
The second myth is,
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O segundo mito é
02:55
there are treatments that can help slow,
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que hai tratamentos que poden axudar a retardar,
02:58
reverse, or even stop aging.
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impedir ou mesmo deter o envellecemento.
03:00
False.
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Falso.
03:02
When you think of it, there is 99 things that can age us.
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Se o pensades ben, existen 99 cousas que poden avellentarnos.
03:06
Deprive your brain of oxygen for just a few minutes,
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Se privades o cerebro de osíxeno durante varios minutos,
03:08
those brain cells die, they never come back.
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as células cerebrais morren, pérdense para sempre.
03:11
Play tennis too hard, on your knees, ruin your cartilage,
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Se xogades ó tenis con moita intensidade, deteriórase a cartilaxe nos xeonllos,
03:14
the cartilage never comes back.
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E a cartilaxe non se recupera.
03:16
Our arteries can clog. Our brains can gunk up with plaque,
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As nosas arterias poden bloquearse. Os nosos cerebros poden dexenerar coa placa arterial
03:19
and we can get Alzheimer's.
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e podemos ter Alzheimer.
03:21
There is just too many things to go wrong.
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Moitas cousas poden saír mal.
03:23
Our bodies have 35 trillion cells,
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O noso corpo ten 35 trillóns de células,
03:29
trillion with a "T." We're talking national debt numbers here.
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un trillón con "T". Estamos a falar de valores equivalentes á débeda nacional.
03:33
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
03:34
Those cells turn themselves over once every eight years.
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Estas células substitúense cada oito anos.
03:37
And every time they turn themselves over
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E cada vez que o fan
03:39
there is some damage. And that damage builds up.
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prodúcese algún dano. E este dano acumúlase.
03:41
And it builds up exponentially.
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E acumúlase exponencialmente.
03:43
It's a little bit like the days when we all had
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É un pouco coma cando todos nós tiñamos
03:45
Beatles albums or Eagles albums
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os álbums dos Beatles ou dos Eagles
03:48
and we'd make a copy of that on a cassette tape,
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e faciamos unha copia en cinta casete,
03:50
and let our friends copy that cassette tape,
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para que os nosos amigos copiasen a cinta e,
03:52
and pretty soon, with successive generations
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en breve, despois de varias copias
03:54
that tape sounds like garbage.
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a cinta soaba fatal.
03:57
Well, the same things happen to our cells.
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Ben, o mesmo acontece coas nosas células.
03:59
That's why a 65-year-old person
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É por iso polo que unha persoa de 65 anos
04:01
is aging at a rate of about
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envellece a un ritmo
04:03
125 times faster
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125 veces máis rápido
04:06
than a 12-year-old person.
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que unha persoa de 12 anos.
04:08
So, if there is nothing you can do
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Entón, se non se pode facer nada
04:10
to slow your aging or stop your aging,
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para diminuír ou deter o envellecemento,
04:13
what am I doing here?
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que estou facendo aquí?
04:15
Well, the fact of the matter is
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Ben, en realidade
04:17
the best science tells us that the capacity of the human body,
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a ciencia máis avanzada dinos que a capacidade do corpo humano,
04:21
my body, your body,
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o meu corpo, o voso corpo
04:23
is about 90 years,
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é de aproximadamente 90 anos,
04:25
a little bit more for women.
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un pouco máis para as mulleres.
04:27
But life expectancy in this country
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Pero a esperanza de vida neste país
04:29
is only 78.
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é só de 78.
04:31
So somewhere along the line,
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Entón, nalgún lugar no medio da estrada,
04:33
we're leaving about 12 good years on the table.
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deixámonos uns bos 12 anos.
04:38
These are years that we could get.
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Estes son anos que poderiamos vivir.
04:40
And research shows that they would be years largely free of chronic disease,
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E os estudos amosan que serían anos en gran parte libres de enfermidades crónicas,
04:46
heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
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enfermidades cardíacas, cancro e diabete.
04:50
We think the best way to get these missing years
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Cremos que a mellor maneira de obter estes anos perdidos
04:53
is to look at the cultures around the world
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é observar as culturas de todo o mundo
04:55
that are actually experiencing them,
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que os están vivindo,
04:57
areas where people are living to age 100
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áreas onde as persoas viven ata os 100 anos
05:00
at rates up to 10 times greater than we are,
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nunha proporción 10 veces maior cá nosa,
05:02
areas where the life expectancy
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áreas onde a esperanza de vida
05:04
is an extra dozen years,
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é de doce anos mais,
05:06
the rate of middle age mortality is a fraction
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a taxa de mortalidade a mediana idade é unha fracción
05:08
of what it is in this country.
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do que é neste país.
05:11
We found our first Blue Zone about 125 miles
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Atopamos a nosa primeira Zona Azul a uns 200 km
05:14
off the coast of Italy, on the island of Sardinia.
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da costa de Italia, na illa de Sardeña.
05:17
And not the entire island, the island is about 1.4 million people,
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E non toda a illa, a illa ten preto de 1,4 millóns de persoas,
05:20
but only up in the highlands, an area called the Nuoro province.
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pero só nas terras altas, nunha área coñecida como a provincia de Nuoro.
05:23
And here we have this area where men live the longest,
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E aquí atopamos a área onde os homes viven máis tempo,
05:26
about 10 times more centenarians than we have here in America.
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case 10 veces máis centenarios dos que hai aquí en Estados Unidos.
05:29
And this is a place where people not only reach age 100,
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É un lugar onde a xente non só chega ós 100 anos,
05:32
they do so with extraordinary vigor.
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senón que o fan cunha forza extraordinaria.
05:34
Places where 102 year olds still ride their bike to work,
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Lugares onde persoas de 102 anos aínda van ó traballo en moto,
05:37
chop wood, and can beat a guy 60 years younger than them.
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cortan madeira, e poden derrotar a un home 60 anos máis novo ca eles.
05:42
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:44
Their history actually goes back to about the time of Christ.
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A súa historia, en realidade, remóntase ó tempo de Cristo.
05:47
It's actually a Bronze Age culture that's been isolated.
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É de feito unha cultura da Idade do Bronce que foi illada.
05:49
Because the land is so infertile,
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Como a terra é tan estéril
05:51
they largely are shepherds,
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son principalmente pastores,
05:53
which occasions regular, low-intensity physical activity.
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que fan regularmente actividade física de baixa intensidade.
05:56
Their diet is mostly plant-based,
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A súa dieta está baseada principalmente en plantas,
05:59
accentuated with foods that they can carry into the fields.
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complementada con alimentos que poden levar ó campo.
06:02
They came up with an unleavened whole wheat bread
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Eles desenvolveron un pan de trigo sen fermento
06:05
called carta musica made out of durum wheat,
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chamado "notamusica" e feito de trigo duro,
06:07
a type of cheese made from grass-fed animals
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tamén un tipo de queixo a partir de animais alimentados con pasto
06:10
so the cheese is high in Omega-3 fatty acids
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polo que o queixo é rico en ácidos graxos omega-3,
06:15
instead of Omega-6 fatty acids from corn-fed animals,
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en vez de Omega-6 a partir de animais alimentados con millo,
06:18
and a type of wine that has three times the level
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e un tipo de viño que ten tres veces
06:22
of polyphenols than any known wine in the world.
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o nivel de polifenois que calquera outro viño coñecido en todo o mundo.
06:24
It's called Cannonau.
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Chámase "Cannonau".
06:26
But the real secret I think lies more
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Pero eu creo que o verdadeiro segredo está
06:28
in the way that they organize their society.
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en como organizan súa sociedade.
06:30
And one of the most salient elements of the Sardinian society
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E un dos elementos máis sobresaíntes da sociedade da Sardeña
06:34
is how they treat older people.
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é a forma na que tratan os anciáns.
06:37
You ever notice here in America, social equity
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Decatástesvos que aquí nos Estados unidos o valor social
06:39
seems to peak at about age 24?
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parece chegar ó seu punto máis alto en torno ós 24 anos?
06:42
Just look at the advertisements.
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Basta con ollar os anuncios.
06:44
Here in Sardinia, the older you get
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Aquí, na Sardeña, canto máis vello es
06:46
the more equity you have,
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máis valor social tes,
06:48
the more wisdom you're celebrated for.
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alaban a túa maior sabedoría.
06:50
You go into the bars in Sardinia,
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Se vas ós bares na Sardeña,
06:52
instead of seeing the Sports Illustrated swimsuit calendar,
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en vez de ver o calendario de maio de Sports Illustrated,
06:54
you see the centenarian of the month calendar.
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verás o calendario do centenario do mes.
06:58
This, as it turns out, is not only good for your aging parents
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Isto é moi bo para o envellecemento dos pais,
07:02
to keep them close to the family --
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o mantelos máis preto da familia,
07:04
it imparts about four to six years of extra life expectancy --
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engádelles de catro a seis anos de esperanza de vida adicional,
07:07
research shows it's also good for the children of those families,
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e algúns estudos mostran que tamén é bo para os nenos destas familias,
07:10
who have lower rates of mortality and lower rates of disease.
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que teñen taxas máis baixas de mortalidade e enfermidades.
07:13
That's called the grandmother effect.
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É o chamado "efecto avoa".
07:16
We found our second Blue Zone
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Atopamos a nosa segunda Zona Azul,
07:18
on the other side of the planet,
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do outro lado do planeta,
07:20
about 800 miles south of Tokyo,
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aproximadamente 1.300 km ó sur de Tokio,
07:23
on the archipelago of Okinawa.
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no arquipélago de Okinawa.
07:26
Okinawa is actually 161 small islands.
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Okinawa é en realidade un conxunto de 161 pequenas illas.
07:30
And in the northern part of the main island,
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E na parte norte da illa principal,
07:32
this is ground zero for world longevity.
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está o punto focal da lonxevidade do mundo.
07:34
This is a place where the oldest living female population is found.
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Aquí atópase a poboación de mulleres máis vellas do mundo.
07:40
It's a place where people have the longest disability-free
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É o lugar onde as persoas teñen a maior esperanza de vida sen incapacidade
07:42
life expectancy in the world.
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no mundo.
07:44
They have what we want.
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Eles teñen o que nós queremos.
07:46
They live a long time, and tend to die in their sleep,
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Viven por moito tempo, e tenden a morrer mentres dormen,
07:48
very quickly,
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moi rapidamente
07:50
and often, I can tell you, after sex.
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e a miúdo despois de ter sexo, asegúrovolo.
07:53
They live about seven good years longer than the average American.
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Eles viven preto de sete anos de boa calidade máis que o estadounidense medio.
07:56
Five times as many centenarians as we have in America.
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Hai cinco veces máis centenarios dos que hai aquí nos Estados Unidos.
08:00
One fifth the rate of colon and breast cancer,
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Un quinto da taxa de cancro de colon e de mama,
08:03
big killers here in America.
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as principais causas de morte nos Estados Unidos.
08:05
And one sixth the rate of cardiovascular disease.
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E un sexto da taxa de enfermidade cardiovascular.
08:08
And the fact that this culture has yielded these numbers
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E o feito de que esta cultura produza estes números
08:11
suggests strongly they have something to teach us.
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suxire fortemente que teñen algo que nos ensinar.
08:14
What do they do?
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Que é o que fan?
08:16
Once again, a plant-based diet,
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De novo, unha dieta baseada en plantas,
08:18
full of vegetables with lots of color in them.
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chea de vexetais de cores.
08:21
And they eat about eight times as much tofu
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E comen unhas oito veces máis tofu
08:24
as Americans do.
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que os estadounidenses.
08:26
More significant than what they eat is how they eat it.
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Máis importante que o que comen é como o comen.
08:30
They have all kinds of little strategies
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Teñen todo tipo de estratexias
08:32
to keep from overeating,
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para evitar comer en exceso,
08:34
which, as you know, is a big problem here in America.
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que, como saberán, é un gran problema aquí nos Estados Unidos.
08:37
A few of the strategies we observed:
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Algunhas das estratexias que observamos:
08:39
they eat off of smaller plates, so they tend to eat fewer calories at every sitting.
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comer en pratos pequenos, polo que comen menos calorías cada vez que o fan.
08:43
Instead of serving family style,
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En vez de servir ó estilo familiar,
08:45
where you can sort of mindlessly eat as you're talking,
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onde podes comer algo sen pensar, mentres se está falando,
08:48
they serve at the counter, put the food away,
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serven a comida nunha barra, póñena lonxe
08:50
and then bring it to the table.
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e a continuación, tráena para a mesa.
08:52
They also have a 3,000-year-old adage,
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Teñen un proverbio de fai uns 3.000 anos,
08:54
which I think is the greatest sort of diet suggestion ever invented.
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que creo que é o mellor consello posible para unha dieta.
08:57
It was invented by Confucius.
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Foi inventado por Confucio.
08:59
And that diet is known as the Hara, Hatchi, Bu diet.
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E é a dieta coñecida como "Hara, Hatchi, Bu".
09:03
It's simply a little saying these people say before their meal
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É só un dito que estas persoas proclaman antes da comida
09:06
to remind them to stop eating when their stomach is [80] percent full.
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para lembrarse de deixar de comer cando o estómago está cheo ó 80%.
09:10
It takes about a half hour for that full feeling
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Leva preto de media hora para que a plenitude
09:12
to travel from your belly to your brain.
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do estómago pase ó cerebro.
09:14
And by remembering to stop at 80 percent
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E lembrarse de parar no 80%
09:17
it helps keep you from doing that very thing.
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axúdanos a non comer demasiado.
09:20
But, like Sardinia, Okinawa has a few social constructs
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Pero, como na Sardeña, en Okinawa teñen algúns modelos sociais
09:23
that we can associate with longevity.
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que poden ser asociados coa lonxevidade.
09:26
We know that isolation kills.
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Sabemos que o illamento mata.
09:28
Fifteen years ago, the average American had three good friends.
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Fai quince anos, o estadounidense medio tiña tres amigos íntimos.
09:32
We're down to one and half right now.
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Agora temos un e medio.
09:34
If you were lucky enough to be born in Okinawa,
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Se tes a sorte de nacer en Okinawa,
09:37
you were born into a system where you
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naciches nun sistema onde
09:39
automatically have a half a dozen friends
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automaticamente tes media ducia de amigos
09:42
with whom you travel through life.
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cos que compartir a vida.
09:44
They call it a Moai. And if you're in a Moai
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Eles chámanlle "Moai". E se estás nun "Moai"
09:47
you're expected to share the bounty if you encounter luck,
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espérase que compartas a túa prosperidade se es afortunado,
09:51
and if things go bad,
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e se as cousas van mal,
09:53
child gets sick, parent dies,
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o teu fillo enferma, ou os teus pais morren,
09:55
you always have somebody who has your back.
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sempre terás a alguén co que podes contar.
09:58
This particular Moai, these five ladies
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Neste particular Moai, estas cinco mulleres
10:00
have been together for 97 years.
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levan xuntas 97 anos.
10:03
Their average age is 102.
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A súa idade media é de 102.
10:06
Typically in America
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Normalmente, nos Estados Unidos,
10:08
we've divided our adult life up into two sections.
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dividimos a nosa vida de adultos en dúas partes.
10:12
There is our work life,
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A nosa vida de traballo,
10:14
where we're productive.
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cando somos produtivos.
10:16
And then one day, boom, we retire.
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E entón un día, de súpeto, xubilámonos.
10:19
And typically that has meant
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E xeralmente isto significa
10:21
retiring to the easy chair,
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deitarse no sofá,
10:24
or going down to Arizona to play golf.
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ou ir a Arizona para xogar ó golf.
10:27
In the Okinawan language there is not even
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Na linguaxe de Okinawa non hai sequera
10:29
a word for retirement.
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unha palabra para a xubilación.
10:31
Instead there is one word
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No seu lugar hai unha palabra
10:33
that imbues your entire life,
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que impregna toda a súa vida,
10:36
and that word is "ikigai."
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e esa palabra é "ikigai".
10:38
And, roughly translated, it means
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Que traducido máis ou menos significa
10:40
"the reason for which you wake up in the morning."
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"a razón pola que te ergues pola mañá."
10:43
For this 102-year-old karate master,
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Para este mestre de Karate de 102 anos de idade,
10:46
his ikigai was carrying forth this martial art.
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o seu "ikigai" é transmitir esta arte marcial.
10:50
For this hundred-year-old fisherman
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Para este vello pescador de cen anos
10:52
it was continuing to catch fish for his family three times a week.
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é continuar a pescar tres veces por semana para a súa familia.
10:55
And this is a question. The National Institute on Aging
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E esta é a cuestión. O Instituto Nacional do Envellecemento
10:57
actually gave us a questionnaire to give these centenarians.
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deunos un cuestionario para dar a estas persoas centenarias.
11:01
And one of the questions, they were very culturally astute,
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E unha das preguntas, foron culturalmente moi astutos
11:03
the people who put the questionnaire.
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os que elaboraron o cuestionario.
11:05
One of the questions was, "What is your ikigai?"
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Unha das preguntas era: "cal é o teu ikigai?"
11:07
They instantly knew why they woke up in the morning.
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E eles sabían inmediatamente por que se erguían polas mañás.
11:12
For this 102 year old woman, her ikigai
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Para esta muller de 102 anos, o seu "ikigai"
11:14
was simply her great-great-great-granddaughter.
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era simplemente a súa tataratataraneta.
11:20
Two girls separated in age by 101 and a half years.
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Dúas mulleres separadas por 101 anos e medio de idade.
11:24
And I asked her what it felt like
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E eu pregunteille como se sentía
11:26
to hold a great-great-great-granddaughter.
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ó ter en brazos a súa tataratataraneta.
11:29
And she put her head back and she said,
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E ela botou a cabeza cara atrás e dixo:
11:31
"It feels like leaping into heaven."
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"Síntome como se saltase ó ceo".
11:34
I thought that was a wonderful thought.
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Pensei que era unha idea marabillosa.
11:36
My editor at Geographic
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O meu editor da National Geographic
11:38
wanted me to find America's Blue Zone.
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quería atopar unha Zona Azul nos Estados Unidos.
11:40
And for a while we looked on the prairies of Minnesota,
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E por un tempo estudamos os prados de Minnesota,
11:43
where actually there is a very high proportion of centenarians.
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onde realmente hai unha proporción moi elevada de centenarios.
11:46
But that's because all the young people left.
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Pero isto é porque todos os mozos marcharon.
11:49
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
11:52
So, we turned to the data again.
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Por iso, recorremos ós datos de novo.
11:54
And we found America's longest-lived population
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E atopamos a poboación dos Estados Unidos con unha vida máis longa
11:57
among the Seventh-Day Adventists
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entre os adventistas do sétimo día
11:59
concentrated in and around Loma Linda, California.
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que se concentran en torno a Loma Linda, California.
12:03
Adventists are conservative Methodists.
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Os adventistas son metodistas conservadores.
12:06
They celebrate their Sabbath
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Eles conmemoran o día de repouso, o Sabbath,
12:09
from sunset on Friday till sunset on Saturday.
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dende o solpor do venres ata o solpor do sábado.
12:12
A "24-hour sanctuary in time," they call it.
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Un "refuxio de 24 horas no tempo", así o chaman.
12:16
And they follow five little habits
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E seguen cinco pequenos hábitos
12:19
that conveys to them extraordinary longevity,
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que lles dan unha lonxevidade extraordinaria,
12:22
comparatively speaking.
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comparativamente falando.
12:24
In America here, life expectancy
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Aquí nos Estados Unidos, a esperanza de vida
12:26
for the average woman is 80.
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dunha muller é dunha media de 80 anos.
12:28
But for an Adventist woman,
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Pero para unha muller adventista
12:30
their life expectancy is 89.
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súa esperanza de vida é de 89.
12:33
And the difference is even more pronounced among men,
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E a diferenza é aínda máis pronunciada entre os homes,
12:35
who are expected to live about 11 years
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que se espera que vivan preto de 11 anos máis
12:37
longer than their American counterparts.
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que os seus homólogos estadounidenses.
12:40
Now, this is a study that followed
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Este é un estudo que seguiu
12:42
about 70,000 people for 30 years.
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a 70.000 persoas durante 30 anos.
12:45
Sterling study. And I think it supremely illustrates
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O "estudo Sterling ". E creo que ilustra perfectamente
12:49
the premise of this Blue Zone project.
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a premisa deste proxecto Zona Azul.
12:52
This is a heterogeneous community.
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Esta é unha comunidade heteroxénea.
12:54
It's white, black, Hispanic, Asian.
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é branca, negra, hispana, asiática.
12:57
The only thing that they have in common are a set of
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O único que teñen en común é un conxunto
12:59
very small lifestyle habits
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de pequenos hábitos de vida
13:01
that they follow ritualistically
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que seguen de maneira ritual
13:03
for most of their lives.
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durante a maior parte das súas vidas.
13:05
They take their diet directly from the Bible.
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Toman a súa dieta directamente da Biblia.
13:07
Genesis: Chapter one, Verse [29],
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Xénese: capítulo un, versículo 29,
13:10
where God talks about legumes and seeds,
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onde Deus fala sobre os legumes e as sementes,
13:13
and on one more stanza about green plants,
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e outro verso máis sobre as plantas verdes,
13:16
ostensibly missing is meat.
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aparentemente falta a carne.
13:18
They take this sanctuary in time very serious.
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Tómanse este momento de refuxio moi en serio.
13:21
For 24 hours every week,
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Durante 24 horas á semana,
13:24
no matter how busy they are, how stressed out they are at work,
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non importa como estean de ocupados, ou canto estrés teñan no traballo,
13:27
where the kids need to be driven,
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ou onde teñan que levar ós nenos
13:29
they stop everything and they focus on their God,
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deixan todo de lado e céntranse no seu Deus,
13:32
their social network, and then, hardwired right in the religion,
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na súa rede social, e logo en estreita relación coa súa relixión
13:35
are nature walks.
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están os paseos pola natureza.
13:38
And the power of this is not that it's done occasionally,
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E o poder que ten isto non é que se faga de cando en vez,
13:40
the power is it's done every week for a lifetime.
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senón que o fan tódalas semanas durante toda a vida.
13:44
None of it's hard. None of it costs money.
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Nada disto é difícil. Nada disto custa diñeiro.
13:46
Adventists also tend to hang out with other Adventists.
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Os adventistas tamén tenden a pasar máis tempo con outros adventistas.
13:49
So, if you go to an Adventist's party
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Polo tanto, se vas a unha festa Adventista
13:51
you don't see people swilling Jim Beam or rolling a joint.
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non verás a xente bebendo Jim Beam ou facéndose un porro.
13:54
Instead they're talking about their next nature walk,
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En vez diso, eles estarán a falar sobre a súa seguinte excursión
13:58
exchanging recipes, and yes, they pray.
307
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intercambiando receitas, e si, a rezar.
14:01
But they influence each other in profound and measurable ways.
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Pero inflúen uns ós outros dunha forma profunda e significativa.
14:06
This is a culture that has yielded Ellsworth Whareham.
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Esta é a cultura que produciu a Ellsworth Whareham.
14:09
Ellsworth Whareham is 97 years old.
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Ellsworth Whareham ten 97 anos.
14:11
He's a multimillionaire,
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É multimillonario,
14:13
yet when a contractor wanted 6,000 dollars
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mais, cando un contratista tentou cobrarlle 6.000 US $
14:17
to build a privacy fence,
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para construír unha cerca,
14:19
he said, "For that kind of money I'll do it myself."
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díxolle, "por esa cantidade de diñeiro pódoa facer eu só."
14:21
So for the next three days he was out shoveling cement,
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Así que durante os próximos tres días, estivo carrexando cemento
14:24
and hauling poles around.
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e levando postes dun lugar a outro.
14:26
And predictably, perhaps, on the fourth day
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E previsiblemente, quizais, o cuarto día
14:28
he ended up in the operating room.
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rematou no quirófano.
14:32
But not as the guy on the table;
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Pero non como paciente,
14:35
the guy doing open-heart surgery.
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senón como a persoa que realiza a cirurxía de corazón aberto.
14:39
At 97 he still does 20 open-heart surgeries every month.
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Ós 97 anos realiza ata 20 operacións de Cirurxía a corazón aberto cada mes.
14:45
Ed Rawlings, 103 years old now,
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Ed Rawlings, agora ten 103 anos,
14:48
an active cowboy, starts his morning with a swim.
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un vaqueiro activo que comeza o seu día con un mergullo.
14:51
And on weekends he likes to put on the boards,
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E os fins de semana gústalle andar na táboa de surf
14:53
throw up rooster tails.
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e producir remuíños.
14:56
And then Marge Deton.
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E temos tamén a Marge Deton.
14:58
Marge is 104.
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Marge ten 104 anos.
15:00
Her grandson actually lives in the Twin Cities here.
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O seu neto vive aquí nas cidades xemelgas, en Minnesota.
15:02
She starts her day with lifting weights.
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Comeza o día levantando pesas.
15:04
She rides her bicycle.
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Anda en bicicleta.
15:06
And then she gets in her root-beer colored
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E logo monta no seu Cadillac Sevilla
15:08
1994 Cadillac Seville,
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color marrón de 1994
15:11
and tears down the San Bernardino freeway,
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e arrasa pola autopista de San Bernardino,
15:13
where she still volunteers for seven different organizations.
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onde aínda traballa como voluntaria en sete organizacións diferentes.
15:17
I've been on 19 hardcore expeditions.
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Eu estiven en 19 expedicións moi difíciles.
15:20
I'm probably the only person you'll ever meet
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E son probablemente a única persoa que coñeceredes
15:22
who rode his bicycle across
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que atravesou o deserto do Sahara
15:24
the Sahara desert without sunscreen.
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en bicicleta e sen protección solar.
15:26
But I'll tell you, there is no adventure more harrowing
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Pero podo asegurarvos, non hai aventura máis terrible
15:29
than riding shotgun with Marge Deton.
340
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que ir de copiloto con Marge Deton.
15:33
"A stranger is a friend I haven't met yet!" she'd say to me.
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"Un estraño é un amigo que aínda non coñecín!" diciame.
15:38
So, what are the common denominators
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Entón, cales son os denominadores comúns
15:40
in these three cultures?
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nestas tres culturas?
15:42
What are the things that they all do?
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Que cousas fan en común?
15:44
And we managed to boil it down to nine.
345
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Conseguimos reducilas a nove.
15:48
In fact we've done two more Blue Zone expeditions since this
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De feito, fixemos dúas expedicións máis a Zonas Azuis
15:51
and these common denominators hold true.
347
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e estes denominadores aínda son certos.
15:54
And the first one,
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E o primeiro,
15:56
and I'm about to utter a heresy here,
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e vou dicir unha herexía aquí,
15:59
none of them exercise,
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ningún deles fai exercicio,
16:01
at least the way we think of exercise.
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cando menos na forma en que nós concibimos o exercicio.
16:03
Instead, they set up their lives
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En vez diso, organizan as súas vidas
16:06
so that they are constantly nudged into physical activity.
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de xeito que sexa necesario realizar actividade física.
16:09
These 100-year-old Okinawan women
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Estas mulleres centenarias de Okinawa
16:12
are getting up and down off the ground, they sit on the floor,
355
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sentan no chan e se levantan normalmente
16:15
30 or 40 times a day.
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arredor de 30 ou 40 veces ó día.
16:17
Sardinians live in vertical houses, up and down the stairs.
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Os sardos viven en casas verticais, subindo e baixando as escaleiras.
16:20
Every trip to the store, or to church
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Cada vez que van á tenda, á igrexa
16:23
or to a friend's house occasions a walk.
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ou á casa dun amigo é unha oportunidade para un paseo.
16:26
They don't have any conveniences.
360
971000
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Carecen de modernidades.
16:28
There is not a button to push to do yard work or house work.
361
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Non existe un botón para coidar o xardín ou facer as tarefas domésticas.
16:30
If they want to mix up a cake, they're doing it by hand.
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3000
Se queren facer unha tarta, fana á man.
16:33
That's physical activity.
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Isto é a actividade física.
16:35
That burns calories just as much as going on the treadmill does.
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Queima tantas calorías coma correr na cinta.
16:38
When they do do intentional physical activity,
365
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E fan esta actividade física a propósito
16:41
it's the things they enjoy. They tend to walk,
366
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en cousas que lles gustan. Tenden a andar,
16:44
the only proven way to stave off cognitive decline,
367
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a única forma comprobada de prever o declive cognitivo
16:47
and they all tend to have a garden.
368
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e todos tenden a ter un xardín.
16:50
They know how to set up their life in the right way
369
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Saben como configurar a súa vida na forma axeitada
16:52
so they have the right outlook.
370
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para ter unha actitude positiva.
16:54
Each of these cultures take time to downshift.
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Cada unha destas culturas, dedica tempo para reducir o ritmo da vida cotiá.
16:57
The Sardinians pray. The Seventh-Day Adventists pray.
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Os sardos rezan. Os adventistas do sétimo día rezan.
17:00
The Okinawans have this ancestor veneration.
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Os de Okinawa reverencian ós seus antepasados.
17:03
But when you're in a hurry or stressed out,
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Cando estás apresurado ou estresado
17:05
that triggers something called the inflammatory response,
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provocase algo chamado "resposta inflamatoria"
17:07
which is associated with everything from Alzheimer's
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que está asociado con todo, dende a enfermidade de Alzheimer
17:09
disease to cardiovascular disease.
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á enfermidades cardiovasculares.
17:13
When you slow down for 15 minutes a day
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Cando te relaxas durante 15 minutos ó día
17:15
you turn that inflammatory state
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transformas o estado inflamatorio
17:17
into a more anti-inflammatory state.
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nun estado máis anti-inflamatorio.
17:20
They have vocabulary for sense of purpose,
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Teñen vocabulario para expresar o senso das súas vidas,
17:23
ikigai, like the Okinawans.
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"Ikigai" coma os habitantes de Okinawa.
17:25
You know the two most dangerous years in your life
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Saben que os dous anos máis perigosos da súa vida
17:27
are the year you're born, because of infant mortality,
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son o ano en que se nace, por mor da mortalidade infantil
17:31
and the year you retire.
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e o ano no que te xubilas.
17:33
These people know their sense of purpose,
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Estas persoas teñen un propósito, unha fin
17:35
and they activate in their life, that's worth about seven years
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e iso enche de actividade a súa vida, e engade sete anos
17:37
of extra life expectancy.
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máis de esperanza de vida.
17:40
There's no longevity diet.
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Non hai ningunha dieta da lonxevidade.
17:42
Instead, these people drink a little bit every day,
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En vez diso, estas persoas beben un pouco cada día,
17:44
not a hard sell to the American population.
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iso non é difícil de vender ós estadounidenses.
17:46
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
17:47
They tend to eat a plant-based diet.
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Teñen unha dieta baseada en verduras.
17:50
Doesn't mean they don't eat meat, but lots of beans and nuts.
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Isto non significa que non coman carne, máis ben moitos feixóns e froitos secos.
17:52
And they have strategies to keep from overeating,
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E teñen estratexias para evitar comer de máis,
17:55
little things that nudge them away from the table at the right time.
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pequenas cousas que os afastan da mesa no intre axeitado.
17:58
And then the foundation of all this is how they connect.
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E a base de todo isto é como interactúan.
18:01
They put their families first,
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Dan prioridade ás súas familias,
18:03
take care of their children and their aging parents.
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coidan dos fillos e dos pais anciáns.
18:05
They all tend to belong to a faith-based community,
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Xeralmente pertencen a unha comunidade relixiosa,
18:09
which is worth between four and 14
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o que equivale a entre catro e 14 anos
18:11
extra years of life expectancy
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máis de esperanza de vida,
18:13
if you do it four times a month.
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se asistes catro veces ó mes.
18:15
And the biggest thing here
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E o máis importante,
18:17
is they also belong to the right tribe.
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é que tamén pertencen á tribo axeitada.
18:20
They were either born into
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Ou naceron
18:22
or they proactively surrounded themselves with the right people.
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ou conscientemente rodeáronse das persoas axeitadas.
18:27
We know from the Framingham studies,
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Sabemos polos estudos de Framingham,
18:29
that if your three best friends are obese
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que se os teus tres mellores amigos son obesos
18:32
there is a 50 percent better chance that you'll be overweight.
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hai unha probabilidade do 50% de que ti tamén o sexas.
18:35
So, if you hang out with unhealthy people,
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Entón, se andas con persoas malsás
18:38
that's going to have a measurable impact over time.
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iso terá un impacto significativo despois dalgún tempo.
18:40
Instead, if your friend's idea of recreation
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Pola contra, se a idea de diversión dos teus amigos
18:45
is physical activity, bowling, or playing hockey,
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é facer exercicio, ou xogar ós bolos ou ó hockey,
18:47
biking or gardening,
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o ciclismo ou a xardinería,
18:49
if your friends drink a little, but not too much,
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se os teus amigos beben un pouco, pero non moito,
18:52
and they eat right, and they're engaged, and they're trusting and trustworthy,
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e comen ben, e se relacionan e tes confianza neles e eles en ti,
18:55
that is going to have the biggest impact over time.
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iso terá un grande impacto a longo prazo.
18:58
Diets don't work. No diet in the history of the world
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As dietas non funcionan. Ningunha dieta na historia
19:01
has ever worked for more than two percent of the population.
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funcionou para máis do 2% da poboación.
19:04
Exercise programs usually start in January;
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Os programas de exercicio xeralmente comezan en xaneiro
19:07
they're usually done by October.
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e, polo xeral rematan en outubro.
19:09
When it comes to longevity
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No que se refire á lonxevidade,
19:11
there is no short term fix
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non hai solución a curto prazo
19:13
in a pill or anything else.
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nunha pílula ou calquera outra cousa.
19:16
But when you think about it,
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Pero se o pensades
19:18
your friends are long-term adventures,
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os vosos amigos son aventuras a longo prazo
19:21
and therefore, perhaps the most significant thing you can do
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e, por iso, quizais o máis importante que podes facer
19:24
to add more years to your life,
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para engadir anos á túa vida,
19:27
and life to your years. Thank you very much.
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e vida aos teus anos.Moitas grazas.
19:29
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Jose Camean
Reviewed by Raquel Uzal

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Buettner - Longevity coach, explorer
National Geographic writer and explorer Dan Buettner studies the world's longest-lived peoples, distilling their secrets into a single plan for health and long life.

Why you should listen

What do Seventh-Day Adventists in California, the residents of Sardinia, Italy and the inhabitants of the islands of Okinawa, Japan have in common? They enjoy the longest, healthiest lives on the planet. Dan Buettner assembled a team of researchers to seek out these "hotspots of human health and vitality," which he calls Blue Zones, and to figure out what they do that helps them live so long.

Buettner, a world-renowned explorer and a writer for National Geographic, travels the world seeking out new Blue Zones (he's found five, to date) and speaking at seminars and on TV, sharing the habits that lead to long life. He is the founder of Quest Network, and has set three world records for endurance cycling.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Buettner | Speaker | TED.com