ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Buettner - Longevity coach, explorer
National Geographic writer and explorer Dan Buettner studies the world's longest-lived peoples, distilling their secrets into a single plan for health and long life.

Why you should listen

What do Seventh-Day Adventists in California, the residents of Sardinia, Italy and the inhabitants of the islands of Okinawa, Japan have in common? They enjoy the longest, healthiest lives on the planet. Dan Buettner assembled a team of researchers to seek out these "hotspots of human health and vitality," which he calls Blue Zones, and to figure out what they do that helps them live so long.

Buettner, a world-renowned explorer and a writer for National Geographic, travels the world seeking out new Blue Zones (he's found five, to date) and speaking at seminars and on TV, sharing the habits that lead to long life. He is the founder of Quest Network, and has set three world records for endurance cycling.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Buettner | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxTC

Dan Buettner: How to live to be 100+

Dan Buettner: Como vivir para chegar ós 100 anos

Filmed:
4,070,934 views

Para atopar o camiño para unha vida longa e saudable, Dan Buettner e o seu equipo estudaron as "zonas azuis" no mundo, as comunidades nas que os anciáns viven con gran forza e vigor ata unha idade récord. En TEDxTC comenta os 9 hábitos máis comúns na dieta e estilo de vida que os manteñen en plena actividade máis alá dos 100 anos.
- Longevity coach, explorer
National Geographic writer and explorer Dan Buettner studies the world's longest-lived peoples, distilling their secrets into a single plan for health and long life. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
Something called the Danish Twin Study
0
1000
2000
Algo chamado o "estudo dos xemelgos dinamarqueses"
00:18
established that only about 10 percent
1
3000
2000
constatou que só preto dun 10%
00:20
of how long the average person lives,
2
5000
3000
da vida media dunha persoa
00:23
within certain biological limits, is dictated by our genes.
3
8000
3000
dentro de certos límites biolóxicos, é determinado polos xenes.
00:26
The other 90 percent is dictated by our lifestyle.
4
11000
5000
O outro 90% é ditado polo noso estilo de vida.
00:31
So the premise of Blue Zones: if we can find the
5
16000
2000
Polo tanto, esta é a premisa de Zonas Azuis: se é que podemos atopar
00:33
optimal lifestyle of longevity
6
18000
2000
o estilo de vida ideal para a lonxevidade,
00:35
we can come up with a de facto formula
7
20000
3000
podemos chegar a unha fórmula de feito
00:38
for longevity.
8
23000
2000
para a lonxevidade.
00:40
But if you ask the average American what the optimal formula
9
25000
2000
Pero se preguntamos ó estadounidense medio cal é a fórmula ideal
00:42
of longevity is, they probably couldn't tell you.
10
27000
3000
para a lonxevidade, probablemente non saberá dicirche.
00:45
They've probably heard of the South Beach Diet, or the Atkins Diet.
11
30000
3000
Posiblemente escoitou falar da dieta de South Beach ou a dieta Atkins.
00:48
You have the USDA food pyramid.
12
33000
2000
Tamén coñeceredes a pirámide alimentaria do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos.
00:50
There is what Oprah tells us.
13
35000
2000
E o que Oprah di.
00:52
There is what Doctor Oz tells us.
14
37000
2000
E o que di o Dr Oz.
00:54
The fact of the matter is there is a lot of confusion
15
39000
3000
A realidade é que hai moita confusión
00:57
around what really helps us live longer better.
16
42000
3000
sobre o que realmente nos axuda a vivir máis e mellor.
01:00
Should you be running marathons or doing yoga?
17
45000
5000
Debemos correr maratóns ou facer ioga?
01:05
Should you eat organic meats
18
50000
2000
Debemos comer carne orgánica
01:07
or should you be eating tofu?
19
52000
2000
ou debemos comer tofu?
01:09
When it comes to supplements, should you be taking them?
20
54000
3000
No que se refire os suplementos vitamínicos debemos tomalos?
01:12
How about these hormones or resveratrol?
21
57000
3000
E que dicir de tomar hormonas ou Resveratrol?
01:15
And does purpose play into it?
22
60000
2000
E ter un propósito tamén inflúe?
01:17
Spirituality? And how about how we socialize?
23
62000
3000
A espiritualidade? E as nosas relacións sociais?
01:20
Well, our approach to finding longevity
24
65000
2000
Así, a nosa visión na busca da lonxevidade
01:22
was to team up with National Geographic,
25
67000
2000
foi formar un equipo coa National Geographic
01:24
and the National Institute on Aging,
26
69000
2000
e co Instituto Nacional do Envellecemento,
01:26
to find the four demographically confirmed areas
27
71000
4000
para atopar catro zonas con datos demográficos confirmados
01:30
that are geographically defined.
28
75000
2000
que estiveran xeograficamente definidas.
01:32
And then bring a team of experts in there
29
77000
2000
E logo levar alí un equipo de expertos
01:34
to methodically go through exactly what these people do,
30
79000
3000
para analizar metodicamente o que fan exactamente estas persoas,
01:37
to distill down the cross-cultural distillation.
31
82000
4000
e mostrar así unha revelación de carácter transcultural.
01:41
And at the end of this I'm going to tell you what that distillation is.
32
86000
3000
E ó final direivos cal é esa revelación.
01:44
But first I'd like to debunk some common myths
33
89000
3000
Pero primeiro gustaríame refutar algúns mitos comúns
01:47
when it comes to longevity.
34
92000
2000
en relación coa lonxevidade.
01:49
And the first myth is if you try really hard
35
94000
3000
E o primeiro mito é que se pos todo da túa parte,
01:52
you can live to be 100.
36
97000
2000
entón podes vivir 100 anos.
01:54
False.
37
99000
2000
Falso.
01:56
The problem is, only about one out of 5,000 people
38
101000
3000
A cuestión é que só unha de cada 5.000 persoas
01:59
in America live to be 100.
39
104000
3000
nos Estados Unidos pode vivir ata os 100 anos.
02:02
Your chances are very low.
40
107000
2000
As vosas posibilidades son moi baixas.
02:04
Even though it's the fastest growing demographic in America,
41
109000
3000
A pesar de ser o grupo da poboación que está a crecer máis rápido nos Estados Unidos
02:07
it's hard to reach 100.
42
112000
2000
é difícil chegar ós 100 anos.
02:09
The problem is
43
114000
2000
O problema é
02:11
that we're not programmed for longevity.
44
116000
4000
que non estamos programados para a lonxevidade.
02:15
We are programmed for something called
45
120000
2000
Estamos programados para algo chamado
02:17
procreative success.
46
122000
3000
"éxito reprodutivo".
02:20
I love that word.
47
125000
2000
Encántame esta palabra.
02:22
It reminds me of my college days.
48
127000
3000
Lémbrame dos meus días na facultade.
02:25
Biologists term procreative success to mean
49
130000
2000
Co termo “éxito reprodutivo” os biólogos
02:27
the age where you have children
50
132000
3000
refírense á idade na que tes fillos
02:30
and then another generation, the age when your children have children.
51
135000
3000
e, a continuación, nunha xeración, á idade na que os teus fillos teñen fillos.
02:33
After that the effect of evolution
52
138000
2000
Despois diso, o efecto da evolución
02:35
completely dissipates.
53
140000
3000
disípase por completo.
02:38
If you're a mammal, if you're a rat
54
143000
3000
Se es un mamífero, se es un rato
02:41
or an elephant, or a human, in between, it's the same story.
55
146000
4000
ou un elefante ou un ser humano, é a mesma historia.
02:45
So to make it to age 100, you not only have to have
56
150000
3000
Entón, para chegar a 100 anos, non só debes ter
02:48
had a very good lifestyle, you also have to have won
57
153000
3000
un estilo de vida moi bo, tamén tivo que tocarche
02:51
the genetic lottery.
58
156000
2000
a lotería xenética.
02:53
The second myth is,
59
158000
2000
O segundo mito é
02:55
there are treatments that can help slow,
60
160000
3000
que hai tratamentos que poden axudar a retardar,
02:58
reverse, or even stop aging.
61
163000
2000
impedir ou mesmo deter o envellecemento.
03:00
False.
62
165000
2000
Falso.
03:02
When you think of it, there is 99 things that can age us.
63
167000
4000
Se o pensades ben, existen 99 cousas que poden avellentarnos.
03:06
Deprive your brain of oxygen for just a few minutes,
64
171000
2000
Se privades o cerebro de osíxeno durante varios minutos,
03:08
those brain cells die, they never come back.
65
173000
3000
as células cerebrais morren, pérdense para sempre.
03:11
Play tennis too hard, on your knees, ruin your cartilage,
66
176000
3000
Se xogades ó tenis con moita intensidade, deteriórase a cartilaxe nos xeonllos,
03:14
the cartilage never comes back.
67
179000
2000
E a cartilaxe non se recupera.
03:16
Our arteries can clog. Our brains can gunk up with plaque,
68
181000
3000
As nosas arterias poden bloquearse. Os nosos cerebros poden dexenerar coa placa arterial
03:19
and we can get Alzheimer's.
69
184000
2000
e podemos ter Alzheimer.
03:21
There is just too many things to go wrong.
70
186000
2000
Moitas cousas poden saír mal.
03:23
Our bodies have 35 trillion cells,
71
188000
6000
O noso corpo ten 35 trillóns de células,
03:29
trillion with a "T." We're talking national debt numbers here.
72
194000
4000
un trillón con "T". Estamos a falar de valores equivalentes á débeda nacional.
03:33
(Laughter)
73
198000
1000
(Risos)
03:34
Those cells turn themselves over once every eight years.
74
199000
3000
Estas células substitúense cada oito anos.
03:37
And every time they turn themselves over
75
202000
2000
E cada vez que o fan
03:39
there is some damage. And that damage builds up.
76
204000
2000
prodúcese algún dano. E este dano acumúlase.
03:41
And it builds up exponentially.
77
206000
2000
E acumúlase exponencialmente.
03:43
It's a little bit like the days when we all had
78
208000
2000
É un pouco coma cando todos nós tiñamos
03:45
Beatles albums or Eagles albums
79
210000
3000
os álbums dos Beatles ou dos Eagles
03:48
and we'd make a copy of that on a cassette tape,
80
213000
2000
e faciamos unha copia en cinta casete,
03:50
and let our friends copy that cassette tape,
81
215000
2000
para que os nosos amigos copiasen a cinta e,
03:52
and pretty soon, with successive generations
82
217000
2000
en breve, despois de varias copias
03:54
that tape sounds like garbage.
83
219000
3000
a cinta soaba fatal.
03:57
Well, the same things happen to our cells.
84
222000
2000
Ben, o mesmo acontece coas nosas células.
03:59
That's why a 65-year-old person
85
224000
2000
É por iso polo que unha persoa de 65 anos
04:01
is aging at a rate of about
86
226000
2000
envellece a un ritmo
04:03
125 times faster
87
228000
3000
125 veces máis rápido
04:06
than a 12-year-old person.
88
231000
2000
que unha persoa de 12 anos.
04:08
So, if there is nothing you can do
89
233000
2000
Entón, se non se pode facer nada
04:10
to slow your aging or stop your aging,
90
235000
3000
para diminuír ou deter o envellecemento,
04:13
what am I doing here?
91
238000
2000
que estou facendo aquí?
04:15
Well, the fact of the matter is
92
240000
2000
Ben, en realidade
04:17
the best science tells us that the capacity of the human body,
93
242000
4000
a ciencia máis avanzada dinos que a capacidade do corpo humano,
04:21
my body, your body,
94
246000
2000
o meu corpo, o voso corpo
04:23
is about 90 years,
95
248000
2000
é de aproximadamente 90 anos,
04:25
a little bit more for women.
96
250000
2000
un pouco máis para as mulleres.
04:27
But life expectancy in this country
97
252000
2000
Pero a esperanza de vida neste país
04:29
is only 78.
98
254000
2000
é só de 78.
04:31
So somewhere along the line,
99
256000
2000
Entón, nalgún lugar no medio da estrada,
04:33
we're leaving about 12 good years on the table.
100
258000
5000
deixámonos uns bos 12 anos.
04:38
These are years that we could get.
101
263000
2000
Estes son anos que poderiamos vivir.
04:40
And research shows that they would be years largely free of chronic disease,
102
265000
6000
E os estudos amosan que serían anos en gran parte libres de enfermidades crónicas,
04:46
heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
103
271000
4000
enfermidades cardíacas, cancro e diabete.
04:50
We think the best way to get these missing years
104
275000
3000
Cremos que a mellor maneira de obter estes anos perdidos
04:53
is to look at the cultures around the world
105
278000
2000
é observar as culturas de todo o mundo
04:55
that are actually experiencing them,
106
280000
2000
que os están vivindo,
04:57
areas where people are living to age 100
107
282000
3000
áreas onde as persoas viven ata os 100 anos
05:00
at rates up to 10 times greater than we are,
108
285000
2000
nunha proporción 10 veces maior cá nosa,
05:02
areas where the life expectancy
109
287000
2000
áreas onde a esperanza de vida
05:04
is an extra dozen years,
110
289000
2000
é de doce anos mais,
05:06
the rate of middle age mortality is a fraction
111
291000
2000
a taxa de mortalidade a mediana idade é unha fracción
05:08
of what it is in this country.
112
293000
3000
do que é neste país.
05:11
We found our first Blue Zone about 125 miles
113
296000
3000
Atopamos a nosa primeira Zona Azul a uns 200 km
05:14
off the coast of Italy, on the island of Sardinia.
114
299000
3000
da costa de Italia, na illa de Sardeña.
05:17
And not the entire island, the island is about 1.4 million people,
115
302000
3000
E non toda a illa, a illa ten preto de 1,4 millóns de persoas,
05:20
but only up in the highlands, an area called the Nuoro province.
116
305000
3000
pero só nas terras altas, nunha área coñecida como a provincia de Nuoro.
05:23
And here we have this area where men live the longest,
117
308000
3000
E aquí atopamos a área onde os homes viven máis tempo,
05:26
about 10 times more centenarians than we have here in America.
118
311000
3000
case 10 veces máis centenarios dos que hai aquí en Estados Unidos.
05:29
And this is a place where people not only reach age 100,
119
314000
3000
É un lugar onde a xente non só chega ós 100 anos,
05:32
they do so with extraordinary vigor.
120
317000
2000
senón que o fan cunha forza extraordinaria.
05:34
Places where 102 year olds still ride their bike to work,
121
319000
3000
Lugares onde persoas de 102 anos aínda van ó traballo en moto,
05:37
chop wood, and can beat a guy 60 years younger than them.
122
322000
5000
cortan madeira, e poden derrotar a un home 60 anos máis novo ca eles.
05:42
(Laughter)
123
327000
2000
(Risos)
05:44
Their history actually goes back to about the time of Christ.
124
329000
3000
A súa historia, en realidade, remóntase ó tempo de Cristo.
05:47
It's actually a Bronze Age culture that's been isolated.
125
332000
2000
É de feito unha cultura da Idade do Bronce que foi illada.
05:49
Because the land is so infertile,
126
334000
2000
Como a terra é tan estéril
05:51
they largely are shepherds,
127
336000
2000
son principalmente pastores,
05:53
which occasions regular, low-intensity physical activity.
128
338000
3000
que fan regularmente actividade física de baixa intensidade.
05:56
Their diet is mostly plant-based,
129
341000
3000
A súa dieta está baseada principalmente en plantas,
05:59
accentuated with foods that they can carry into the fields.
130
344000
3000
complementada con alimentos que poden levar ó campo.
06:02
They came up with an unleavened whole wheat bread
131
347000
3000
Eles desenvolveron un pan de trigo sen fermento
06:05
called carta musica made out of durum wheat,
132
350000
2000
chamado "notamusica" e feito de trigo duro,
06:07
a type of cheese made from grass-fed animals
133
352000
3000
tamén un tipo de queixo a partir de animais alimentados con pasto
06:10
so the cheese is high in Omega-3 fatty acids
134
355000
5000
polo que o queixo é rico en ácidos graxos omega-3,
06:15
instead of Omega-6 fatty acids from corn-fed animals,
135
360000
3000
en vez de Omega-6 a partir de animais alimentados con millo,
06:18
and a type of wine that has three times the level
136
363000
4000
e un tipo de viño que ten tres veces
06:22
of polyphenols than any known wine in the world.
137
367000
2000
o nivel de polifenois que calquera outro viño coñecido en todo o mundo.
06:24
It's called Cannonau.
138
369000
2000
Chámase "Cannonau".
06:26
But the real secret I think lies more
139
371000
2000
Pero eu creo que o verdadeiro segredo está
06:28
in the way that they organize their society.
140
373000
2000
en como organizan súa sociedade.
06:30
And one of the most salient elements of the Sardinian society
141
375000
4000
E un dos elementos máis sobresaíntes da sociedade da Sardeña
06:34
is how they treat older people.
142
379000
3000
é a forma na que tratan os anciáns.
06:37
You ever notice here in America, social equity
143
382000
2000
Decatástesvos que aquí nos Estados unidos o valor social
06:39
seems to peak at about age 24?
144
384000
3000
parece chegar ó seu punto máis alto en torno ós 24 anos?
06:42
Just look at the advertisements.
145
387000
2000
Basta con ollar os anuncios.
06:44
Here in Sardinia, the older you get
146
389000
2000
Aquí, na Sardeña, canto máis vello es
06:46
the more equity you have,
147
391000
2000
máis valor social tes,
06:48
the more wisdom you're celebrated for.
148
393000
2000
alaban a túa maior sabedoría.
06:50
You go into the bars in Sardinia,
149
395000
2000
Se vas ós bares na Sardeña,
06:52
instead of seeing the Sports Illustrated swimsuit calendar,
150
397000
2000
en vez de ver o calendario de maio de Sports Illustrated,
06:54
you see the centenarian of the month calendar.
151
399000
4000
verás o calendario do centenario do mes.
06:58
This, as it turns out, is not only good for your aging parents
152
403000
4000
Isto é moi bo para o envellecemento dos pais,
07:02
to keep them close to the family --
153
407000
2000
o mantelos máis preto da familia,
07:04
it imparts about four to six years of extra life expectancy --
154
409000
3000
engádelles de catro a seis anos de esperanza de vida adicional,
07:07
research shows it's also good for the children of those families,
155
412000
3000
e algúns estudos mostran que tamén é bo para os nenos destas familias,
07:10
who have lower rates of mortality and lower rates of disease.
156
415000
3000
que teñen taxas máis baixas de mortalidade e enfermidades.
07:13
That's called the grandmother effect.
157
418000
3000
É o chamado "efecto avoa".
07:16
We found our second Blue Zone
158
421000
2000
Atopamos a nosa segunda Zona Azul,
07:18
on the other side of the planet,
159
423000
2000
do outro lado do planeta,
07:20
about 800 miles south of Tokyo,
160
425000
3000
aproximadamente 1.300 km ó sur de Tokio,
07:23
on the archipelago of Okinawa.
161
428000
3000
no arquipélago de Okinawa.
07:26
Okinawa is actually 161 small islands.
162
431000
4000
Okinawa é en realidade un conxunto de 161 pequenas illas.
07:30
And in the northern part of the main island,
163
435000
2000
E na parte norte da illa principal,
07:32
this is ground zero for world longevity.
164
437000
2000
está o punto focal da lonxevidade do mundo.
07:34
This is a place where the oldest living female population is found.
165
439000
6000
Aquí atópase a poboación de mulleres máis vellas do mundo.
07:40
It's a place where people have the longest disability-free
166
445000
2000
É o lugar onde as persoas teñen a maior esperanza de vida sen incapacidade
07:42
life expectancy in the world.
167
447000
2000
no mundo.
07:44
They have what we want.
168
449000
2000
Eles teñen o que nós queremos.
07:46
They live a long time, and tend to die in their sleep,
169
451000
2000
Viven por moito tempo, e tenden a morrer mentres dormen,
07:48
very quickly,
170
453000
2000
moi rapidamente
07:50
and often, I can tell you, after sex.
171
455000
3000
e a miúdo despois de ter sexo, asegúrovolo.
07:53
They live about seven good years longer than the average American.
172
458000
3000
Eles viven preto de sete anos de boa calidade máis que o estadounidense medio.
07:56
Five times as many centenarians as we have in America.
173
461000
4000
Hai cinco veces máis centenarios dos que hai aquí nos Estados Unidos.
08:00
One fifth the rate of colon and breast cancer,
174
465000
3000
Un quinto da taxa de cancro de colon e de mama,
08:03
big killers here in America.
175
468000
2000
as principais causas de morte nos Estados Unidos.
08:05
And one sixth the rate of cardiovascular disease.
176
470000
3000
E un sexto da taxa de enfermidade cardiovascular.
08:08
And the fact that this culture has yielded these numbers
177
473000
3000
E o feito de que esta cultura produza estes números
08:11
suggests strongly they have something to teach us.
178
476000
3000
suxire fortemente que teñen algo que nos ensinar.
08:14
What do they do?
179
479000
2000
Que é o que fan?
08:16
Once again, a plant-based diet,
180
481000
2000
De novo, unha dieta baseada en plantas,
08:18
full of vegetables with lots of color in them.
181
483000
3000
chea de vexetais de cores.
08:21
And they eat about eight times as much tofu
182
486000
3000
E comen unhas oito veces máis tofu
08:24
as Americans do.
183
489000
2000
que os estadounidenses.
08:26
More significant than what they eat is how they eat it.
184
491000
4000
Máis importante que o que comen é como o comen.
08:30
They have all kinds of little strategies
185
495000
2000
Teñen todo tipo de estratexias
08:32
to keep from overeating,
186
497000
2000
para evitar comer en exceso,
08:34
which, as you know, is a big problem here in America.
187
499000
3000
que, como saberán, é un gran problema aquí nos Estados Unidos.
08:37
A few of the strategies we observed:
188
502000
2000
Algunhas das estratexias que observamos:
08:39
they eat off of smaller plates, so they tend to eat fewer calories at every sitting.
189
504000
4000
comer en pratos pequenos, polo que comen menos calorías cada vez que o fan.
08:43
Instead of serving family style,
190
508000
2000
En vez de servir ó estilo familiar,
08:45
where you can sort of mindlessly eat as you're talking,
191
510000
3000
onde podes comer algo sen pensar, mentres se está falando,
08:48
they serve at the counter, put the food away,
192
513000
2000
serven a comida nunha barra, póñena lonxe
08:50
and then bring it to the table.
193
515000
2000
e a continuación, tráena para a mesa.
08:52
They also have a 3,000-year-old adage,
194
517000
2000
Teñen un proverbio de fai uns 3.000 anos,
08:54
which I think is the greatest sort of diet suggestion ever invented.
195
519000
3000
que creo que é o mellor consello posible para unha dieta.
08:57
It was invented by Confucius.
196
522000
2000
Foi inventado por Confucio.
08:59
And that diet is known as the Hara, Hatchi, Bu diet.
197
524000
4000
E é a dieta coñecida como "Hara, Hatchi, Bu".
09:03
It's simply a little saying these people say before their meal
198
528000
3000
É só un dito que estas persoas proclaman antes da comida
09:06
to remind them to stop eating when their stomach is [80] percent full.
199
531000
4000
para lembrarse de deixar de comer cando o estómago está cheo ó 80%.
09:10
It takes about a half hour for that full feeling
200
535000
2000
Leva preto de media hora para que a plenitude
09:12
to travel from your belly to your brain.
201
537000
2000
do estómago pase ó cerebro.
09:14
And by remembering to stop at 80 percent
202
539000
3000
E lembrarse de parar no 80%
09:17
it helps keep you from doing that very thing.
203
542000
3000
axúdanos a non comer demasiado.
09:20
But, like Sardinia, Okinawa has a few social constructs
204
545000
3000
Pero, como na Sardeña, en Okinawa teñen algúns modelos sociais
09:23
that we can associate with longevity.
205
548000
3000
que poden ser asociados coa lonxevidade.
09:26
We know that isolation kills.
206
551000
2000
Sabemos que o illamento mata.
09:28
Fifteen years ago, the average American had three good friends.
207
553000
4000
Fai quince anos, o estadounidense medio tiña tres amigos íntimos.
09:32
We're down to one and half right now.
208
557000
2000
Agora temos un e medio.
09:34
If you were lucky enough to be born in Okinawa,
209
559000
3000
Se tes a sorte de nacer en Okinawa,
09:37
you were born into a system where you
210
562000
2000
naciches nun sistema onde
09:39
automatically have a half a dozen friends
211
564000
3000
automaticamente tes media ducia de amigos
09:42
with whom you travel through life.
212
567000
2000
cos que compartir a vida.
09:44
They call it a Moai. And if you're in a Moai
213
569000
3000
Eles chámanlle "Moai". E se estás nun "Moai"
09:47
you're expected to share the bounty if you encounter luck,
214
572000
4000
espérase que compartas a túa prosperidade se es afortunado,
09:51
and if things go bad,
215
576000
2000
e se as cousas van mal,
09:53
child gets sick, parent dies,
216
578000
2000
o teu fillo enferma, ou os teus pais morren,
09:55
you always have somebody who has your back.
217
580000
3000
sempre terás a alguén co que podes contar.
09:58
This particular Moai, these five ladies
218
583000
2000
Neste particular Moai, estas cinco mulleres
10:00
have been together for 97 years.
219
585000
3000
levan xuntas 97 anos.
10:03
Their average age is 102.
220
588000
3000
A súa idade media é de 102.
10:06
Typically in America
221
591000
2000
Normalmente, nos Estados Unidos,
10:08
we've divided our adult life up into two sections.
222
593000
4000
dividimos a nosa vida de adultos en dúas partes.
10:12
There is our work life,
223
597000
2000
A nosa vida de traballo,
10:14
where we're productive.
224
599000
2000
cando somos produtivos.
10:16
And then one day, boom, we retire.
225
601000
3000
E entón un día, de súpeto, xubilámonos.
10:19
And typically that has meant
226
604000
2000
E xeralmente isto significa
10:21
retiring to the easy chair,
227
606000
3000
deitarse no sofá,
10:24
or going down to Arizona to play golf.
228
609000
3000
ou ir a Arizona para xogar ó golf.
10:27
In the Okinawan language there is not even
229
612000
2000
Na linguaxe de Okinawa non hai sequera
10:29
a word for retirement.
230
614000
2000
unha palabra para a xubilación.
10:31
Instead there is one word
231
616000
2000
No seu lugar hai unha palabra
10:33
that imbues your entire life,
232
618000
3000
que impregna toda a súa vida,
10:36
and that word is "ikigai."
233
621000
2000
e esa palabra é "ikigai".
10:38
And, roughly translated, it means
234
623000
2000
Que traducido máis ou menos significa
10:40
"the reason for which you wake up in the morning."
235
625000
3000
"a razón pola que te ergues pola mañá."
10:43
For this 102-year-old karate master,
236
628000
3000
Para este mestre de Karate de 102 anos de idade,
10:46
his ikigai was carrying forth this martial art.
237
631000
4000
o seu "ikigai" é transmitir esta arte marcial.
10:50
For this hundred-year-old fisherman
238
635000
2000
Para este vello pescador de cen anos
10:52
it was continuing to catch fish for his family three times a week.
239
637000
3000
é continuar a pescar tres veces por semana para a súa familia.
10:55
And this is a question. The National Institute on Aging
240
640000
2000
E esta é a cuestión. O Instituto Nacional do Envellecemento
10:57
actually gave us a questionnaire to give these centenarians.
241
642000
4000
deunos un cuestionario para dar a estas persoas centenarias.
11:01
And one of the questions, they were very culturally astute,
242
646000
2000
E unha das preguntas, foron culturalmente moi astutos
11:03
the people who put the questionnaire.
243
648000
2000
os que elaboraron o cuestionario.
11:05
One of the questions was, "What is your ikigai?"
244
650000
2000
Unha das preguntas era: "cal é o teu ikigai?"
11:07
They instantly knew why they woke up in the morning.
245
652000
5000
E eles sabían inmediatamente por que se erguían polas mañás.
11:12
For this 102 year old woman, her ikigai
246
657000
2000
Para esta muller de 102 anos, o seu "ikigai"
11:14
was simply her great-great-great-granddaughter.
247
659000
6000
era simplemente a súa tataratataraneta.
11:20
Two girls separated in age by 101 and a half years.
248
665000
4000
Dúas mulleres separadas por 101 anos e medio de idade.
11:24
And I asked her what it felt like
249
669000
2000
E eu pregunteille como se sentía
11:26
to hold a great-great-great-granddaughter.
250
671000
3000
ó ter en brazos a súa tataratataraneta.
11:29
And she put her head back and she said,
251
674000
2000
E ela botou a cabeza cara atrás e dixo:
11:31
"It feels like leaping into heaven."
252
676000
3000
"Síntome como se saltase ó ceo".
11:34
I thought that was a wonderful thought.
253
679000
2000
Pensei que era unha idea marabillosa.
11:36
My editor at Geographic
254
681000
2000
O meu editor da National Geographic
11:38
wanted me to find America's Blue Zone.
255
683000
2000
quería atopar unha Zona Azul nos Estados Unidos.
11:40
And for a while we looked on the prairies of Minnesota,
256
685000
3000
E por un tempo estudamos os prados de Minnesota,
11:43
where actually there is a very high proportion of centenarians.
257
688000
3000
onde realmente hai unha proporción moi elevada de centenarios.
11:46
But that's because all the young people left.
258
691000
3000
Pero isto é porque todos os mozos marcharon.
11:49
(Laughter)
259
694000
3000
(Risos)
11:52
So, we turned to the data again.
260
697000
2000
Por iso, recorremos ós datos de novo.
11:54
And we found America's longest-lived population
261
699000
3000
E atopamos a poboación dos Estados Unidos con unha vida máis longa
11:57
among the Seventh-Day Adventists
262
702000
2000
entre os adventistas do sétimo día
11:59
concentrated in and around Loma Linda, California.
263
704000
4000
que se concentran en torno a Loma Linda, California.
12:03
Adventists are conservative Methodists.
264
708000
3000
Os adventistas son metodistas conservadores.
12:06
They celebrate their Sabbath
265
711000
3000
Eles conmemoran o día de repouso, o Sabbath,
12:09
from sunset on Friday till sunset on Saturday.
266
714000
3000
dende o solpor do venres ata o solpor do sábado.
12:12
A "24-hour sanctuary in time," they call it.
267
717000
4000
Un "refuxio de 24 horas no tempo", así o chaman.
12:16
And they follow five little habits
268
721000
3000
E seguen cinco pequenos hábitos
12:19
that conveys to them extraordinary longevity,
269
724000
3000
que lles dan unha lonxevidade extraordinaria,
12:22
comparatively speaking.
270
727000
2000
comparativamente falando.
12:24
In America here, life expectancy
271
729000
2000
Aquí nos Estados Unidos, a esperanza de vida
12:26
for the average woman is 80.
272
731000
2000
dunha muller é dunha media de 80 anos.
12:28
But for an Adventist woman,
273
733000
2000
Pero para unha muller adventista
12:30
their life expectancy is 89.
274
735000
3000
súa esperanza de vida é de 89.
12:33
And the difference is even more pronounced among men,
275
738000
2000
E a diferenza é aínda máis pronunciada entre os homes,
12:35
who are expected to live about 11 years
276
740000
2000
que se espera que vivan preto de 11 anos máis
12:37
longer than their American counterparts.
277
742000
3000
que os seus homólogos estadounidenses.
12:40
Now, this is a study that followed
278
745000
2000
Este é un estudo que seguiu
12:42
about 70,000 people for 30 years.
279
747000
3000
a 70.000 persoas durante 30 anos.
12:45
Sterling study. And I think it supremely illustrates
280
750000
4000
O "estudo Sterling ". E creo que ilustra perfectamente
12:49
the premise of this Blue Zone project.
281
754000
3000
a premisa deste proxecto Zona Azul.
12:52
This is a heterogeneous community.
282
757000
2000
Esta é unha comunidade heteroxénea.
12:54
It's white, black, Hispanic, Asian.
283
759000
3000
é branca, negra, hispana, asiática.
12:57
The only thing that they have in common are a set of
284
762000
2000
O único que teñen en común é un conxunto
12:59
very small lifestyle habits
285
764000
2000
de pequenos hábitos de vida
13:01
that they follow ritualistically
286
766000
2000
que seguen de maneira ritual
13:03
for most of their lives.
287
768000
2000
durante a maior parte das súas vidas.
13:05
They take their diet directly from the Bible.
288
770000
2000
Toman a súa dieta directamente da Biblia.
13:07
Genesis: Chapter one, Verse [29],
289
772000
3000
Xénese: capítulo un, versículo 29,
13:10
where God talks about legumes and seeds,
290
775000
3000
onde Deus fala sobre os legumes e as sementes,
13:13
and on one more stanza about green plants,
291
778000
3000
e outro verso máis sobre as plantas verdes,
13:16
ostensibly missing is meat.
292
781000
2000
aparentemente falta a carne.
13:18
They take this sanctuary in time very serious.
293
783000
3000
Tómanse este momento de refuxio moi en serio.
13:21
For 24 hours every week,
294
786000
3000
Durante 24 horas á semana,
13:24
no matter how busy they are, how stressed out they are at work,
295
789000
3000
non importa como estean de ocupados, ou canto estrés teñan no traballo,
13:27
where the kids need to be driven,
296
792000
2000
ou onde teñan que levar ós nenos
13:29
they stop everything and they focus on their God,
297
794000
3000
deixan todo de lado e céntranse no seu Deus,
13:32
their social network, and then, hardwired right in the religion,
298
797000
3000
na súa rede social, e logo en estreita relación coa súa relixión
13:35
are nature walks.
299
800000
3000
están os paseos pola natureza.
13:38
And the power of this is not that it's done occasionally,
300
803000
2000
E o poder que ten isto non é que se faga de cando en vez,
13:40
the power is it's done every week for a lifetime.
301
805000
4000
senón que o fan tódalas semanas durante toda a vida.
13:44
None of it's hard. None of it costs money.
302
809000
2000
Nada disto é difícil. Nada disto custa diñeiro.
13:46
Adventists also tend to hang out with other Adventists.
303
811000
3000
Os adventistas tamén tenden a pasar máis tempo con outros adventistas.
13:49
So, if you go to an Adventist's party
304
814000
2000
Polo tanto, se vas a unha festa Adventista
13:51
you don't see people swilling Jim Beam or rolling a joint.
305
816000
3000
non verás a xente bebendo Jim Beam ou facéndose un porro.
13:54
Instead they're talking about their next nature walk,
306
819000
4000
En vez diso, eles estarán a falar sobre a súa seguinte excursión
13:58
exchanging recipes, and yes, they pray.
307
823000
3000
intercambiando receitas, e si, a rezar.
14:01
But they influence each other in profound and measurable ways.
308
826000
5000
Pero inflúen uns ós outros dunha forma profunda e significativa.
14:06
This is a culture that has yielded Ellsworth Whareham.
309
831000
3000
Esta é a cultura que produciu a Ellsworth Whareham.
14:09
Ellsworth Whareham is 97 years old.
310
834000
2000
Ellsworth Whareham ten 97 anos.
14:11
He's a multimillionaire,
311
836000
2000
É multimillonario,
14:13
yet when a contractor wanted 6,000 dollars
312
838000
4000
mais, cando un contratista tentou cobrarlle 6.000 US $
14:17
to build a privacy fence,
313
842000
2000
para construír unha cerca,
14:19
he said, "For that kind of money I'll do it myself."
314
844000
2000
díxolle, "por esa cantidade de diñeiro pódoa facer eu só."
14:21
So for the next three days he was out shoveling cement,
315
846000
3000
Así que durante os próximos tres días, estivo carrexando cemento
14:24
and hauling poles around.
316
849000
2000
e levando postes dun lugar a outro.
14:26
And predictably, perhaps, on the fourth day
317
851000
2000
E previsiblemente, quizais, o cuarto día
14:28
he ended up in the operating room.
318
853000
4000
rematou no quirófano.
14:32
But not as the guy on the table;
319
857000
3000
Pero non como paciente,
14:35
the guy doing open-heart surgery.
320
860000
4000
senón como a persoa que realiza a cirurxía de corazón aberto.
14:39
At 97 he still does 20 open-heart surgeries every month.
321
864000
6000
Ós 97 anos realiza ata 20 operacións de Cirurxía a corazón aberto cada mes.
14:45
Ed Rawlings, 103 years old now,
322
870000
3000
Ed Rawlings, agora ten 103 anos,
14:48
an active cowboy, starts his morning with a swim.
323
873000
3000
un vaqueiro activo que comeza o seu día con un mergullo.
14:51
And on weekends he likes to put on the boards,
324
876000
2000
E os fins de semana gústalle andar na táboa de surf
14:53
throw up rooster tails.
325
878000
3000
e producir remuíños.
14:56
And then Marge Deton.
326
881000
2000
E temos tamén a Marge Deton.
14:58
Marge is 104.
327
883000
2000
Marge ten 104 anos.
15:00
Her grandson actually lives in the Twin Cities here.
328
885000
2000
O seu neto vive aquí nas cidades xemelgas, en Minnesota.
15:02
She starts her day with lifting weights.
329
887000
2000
Comeza o día levantando pesas.
15:04
She rides her bicycle.
330
889000
2000
Anda en bicicleta.
15:06
And then she gets in her root-beer colored
331
891000
2000
E logo monta no seu Cadillac Sevilla
15:08
1994 Cadillac Seville,
332
893000
3000
color marrón de 1994
15:11
and tears down the San Bernardino freeway,
333
896000
2000
e arrasa pola autopista de San Bernardino,
15:13
where she still volunteers for seven different organizations.
334
898000
4000
onde aínda traballa como voluntaria en sete organizacións diferentes.
15:17
I've been on 19 hardcore expeditions.
335
902000
3000
Eu estiven en 19 expedicións moi difíciles.
15:20
I'm probably the only person you'll ever meet
336
905000
2000
E son probablemente a única persoa que coñeceredes
15:22
who rode his bicycle across
337
907000
2000
que atravesou o deserto do Sahara
15:24
the Sahara desert without sunscreen.
338
909000
2000
en bicicleta e sen protección solar.
15:26
But I'll tell you, there is no adventure more harrowing
339
911000
3000
Pero podo asegurarvos, non hai aventura máis terrible
15:29
than riding shotgun with Marge Deton.
340
914000
4000
que ir de copiloto con Marge Deton.
15:33
"A stranger is a friend I haven't met yet!" she'd say to me.
341
918000
5000
"Un estraño é un amigo que aínda non coñecín!" diciame.
15:38
So, what are the common denominators
342
923000
2000
Entón, cales son os denominadores comúns
15:40
in these three cultures?
343
925000
2000
nestas tres culturas?
15:42
What are the things that they all do?
344
927000
2000
Que cousas fan en común?
15:44
And we managed to boil it down to nine.
345
929000
4000
Conseguimos reducilas a nove.
15:48
In fact we've done two more Blue Zone expeditions since this
346
933000
3000
De feito, fixemos dúas expedicións máis a Zonas Azuis
15:51
and these common denominators hold true.
347
936000
3000
e estes denominadores aínda son certos.
15:54
And the first one,
348
939000
2000
E o primeiro,
15:56
and I'm about to utter a heresy here,
349
941000
3000
e vou dicir unha herexía aquí,
15:59
none of them exercise,
350
944000
2000
ningún deles fai exercicio,
16:01
at least the way we think of exercise.
351
946000
2000
cando menos na forma en que nós concibimos o exercicio.
16:03
Instead, they set up their lives
352
948000
3000
En vez diso, organizan as súas vidas
16:06
so that they are constantly nudged into physical activity.
353
951000
3000
de xeito que sexa necesario realizar actividade física.
16:09
These 100-year-old Okinawan women
354
954000
3000
Estas mulleres centenarias de Okinawa
16:12
are getting up and down off the ground, they sit on the floor,
355
957000
3000
sentan no chan e se levantan normalmente
16:15
30 or 40 times a day.
356
960000
2000
arredor de 30 ou 40 veces ó día.
16:17
Sardinians live in vertical houses, up and down the stairs.
357
962000
3000
Os sardos viven en casas verticais, subindo e baixando as escaleiras.
16:20
Every trip to the store, or to church
358
965000
3000
Cada vez que van á tenda, á igrexa
16:23
or to a friend's house occasions a walk.
359
968000
3000
ou á casa dun amigo é unha oportunidade para un paseo.
16:26
They don't have any conveniences.
360
971000
2000
Carecen de modernidades.
16:28
There is not a button to push to do yard work or house work.
361
973000
2000
Non existe un botón para coidar o xardín ou facer as tarefas domésticas.
16:30
If they want to mix up a cake, they're doing it by hand.
362
975000
3000
Se queren facer unha tarta, fana á man.
16:33
That's physical activity.
363
978000
2000
Isto é a actividade física.
16:35
That burns calories just as much as going on the treadmill does.
364
980000
3000
Queima tantas calorías coma correr na cinta.
16:38
When they do do intentional physical activity,
365
983000
3000
E fan esta actividade física a propósito
16:41
it's the things they enjoy. They tend to walk,
366
986000
3000
en cousas que lles gustan. Tenden a andar,
16:44
the only proven way to stave off cognitive decline,
367
989000
3000
a única forma comprobada de prever o declive cognitivo
16:47
and they all tend to have a garden.
368
992000
3000
e todos tenden a ter un xardín.
16:50
They know how to set up their life in the right way
369
995000
2000
Saben como configurar a súa vida na forma axeitada
16:52
so they have the right outlook.
370
997000
2000
para ter unha actitude positiva.
16:54
Each of these cultures take time to downshift.
371
999000
3000
Cada unha destas culturas, dedica tempo para reducir o ritmo da vida cotiá.
16:57
The Sardinians pray. The Seventh-Day Adventists pray.
372
1002000
3000
Os sardos rezan. Os adventistas do sétimo día rezan.
17:00
The Okinawans have this ancestor veneration.
373
1005000
3000
Os de Okinawa reverencian ós seus antepasados.
17:03
But when you're in a hurry or stressed out,
374
1008000
2000
Cando estás apresurado ou estresado
17:05
that triggers something called the inflammatory response,
375
1010000
2000
provocase algo chamado "resposta inflamatoria"
17:07
which is associated with everything from Alzheimer's
376
1012000
2000
que está asociado con todo, dende a enfermidade de Alzheimer
17:09
disease to cardiovascular disease.
377
1014000
4000
á enfermidades cardiovasculares.
17:13
When you slow down for 15 minutes a day
378
1018000
2000
Cando te relaxas durante 15 minutos ó día
17:15
you turn that inflammatory state
379
1020000
2000
transformas o estado inflamatorio
17:17
into a more anti-inflammatory state.
380
1022000
3000
nun estado máis anti-inflamatorio.
17:20
They have vocabulary for sense of purpose,
381
1025000
3000
Teñen vocabulario para expresar o senso das súas vidas,
17:23
ikigai, like the Okinawans.
382
1028000
2000
"Ikigai" coma os habitantes de Okinawa.
17:25
You know the two most dangerous years in your life
383
1030000
2000
Saben que os dous anos máis perigosos da súa vida
17:27
are the year you're born, because of infant mortality,
384
1032000
4000
son o ano en que se nace, por mor da mortalidade infantil
17:31
and the year you retire.
385
1036000
2000
e o ano no que te xubilas.
17:33
These people know their sense of purpose,
386
1038000
2000
Estas persoas teñen un propósito, unha fin
17:35
and they activate in their life, that's worth about seven years
387
1040000
2000
e iso enche de actividade a súa vida, e engade sete anos
17:37
of extra life expectancy.
388
1042000
3000
máis de esperanza de vida.
17:40
There's no longevity diet.
389
1045000
2000
Non hai ningunha dieta da lonxevidade.
17:42
Instead, these people drink a little bit every day,
390
1047000
2000
En vez diso, estas persoas beben un pouco cada día,
17:44
not a hard sell to the American population.
391
1049000
2000
iso non é difícil de vender ós estadounidenses.
17:46
(Laughter)
392
1051000
1000
(Risos)
17:47
They tend to eat a plant-based diet.
393
1052000
3000
Teñen unha dieta baseada en verduras.
17:50
Doesn't mean they don't eat meat, but lots of beans and nuts.
394
1055000
2000
Isto non significa que non coman carne, máis ben moitos feixóns e froitos secos.
17:52
And they have strategies to keep from overeating,
395
1057000
3000
E teñen estratexias para evitar comer de máis,
17:55
little things that nudge them away from the table at the right time.
396
1060000
3000
pequenas cousas que os afastan da mesa no intre axeitado.
17:58
And then the foundation of all this is how they connect.
397
1063000
3000
E a base de todo isto é como interactúan.
18:01
They put their families first,
398
1066000
2000
Dan prioridade ás súas familias,
18:03
take care of their children and their aging parents.
399
1068000
2000
coidan dos fillos e dos pais anciáns.
18:05
They all tend to belong to a faith-based community,
400
1070000
4000
Xeralmente pertencen a unha comunidade relixiosa,
18:09
which is worth between four and 14
401
1074000
2000
o que equivale a entre catro e 14 anos
18:11
extra years of life expectancy
402
1076000
2000
máis de esperanza de vida,
18:13
if you do it four times a month.
403
1078000
2000
se asistes catro veces ó mes.
18:15
And the biggest thing here
404
1080000
2000
E o máis importante,
18:17
is they also belong to the right tribe.
405
1082000
3000
é que tamén pertencen á tribo axeitada.
18:20
They were either born into
406
1085000
2000
Ou naceron
18:22
or they proactively surrounded themselves with the right people.
407
1087000
5000
ou conscientemente rodeáronse das persoas axeitadas.
18:27
We know from the Framingham studies,
408
1092000
2000
Sabemos polos estudos de Framingham,
18:29
that if your three best friends are obese
409
1094000
3000
que se os teus tres mellores amigos son obesos
18:32
there is a 50 percent better chance that you'll be overweight.
410
1097000
3000
hai unha probabilidade do 50% de que ti tamén o sexas.
18:35
So, if you hang out with unhealthy people,
411
1100000
3000
Entón, se andas con persoas malsás
18:38
that's going to have a measurable impact over time.
412
1103000
2000
iso terá un impacto significativo despois dalgún tempo.
18:40
Instead, if your friend's idea of recreation
413
1105000
5000
Pola contra, se a idea de diversión dos teus amigos
18:45
is physical activity, bowling, or playing hockey,
414
1110000
2000
é facer exercicio, ou xogar ós bolos ou ó hockey,
18:47
biking or gardening,
415
1112000
2000
o ciclismo ou a xardinería,
18:49
if your friends drink a little, but not too much,
416
1114000
3000
se os teus amigos beben un pouco, pero non moito,
18:52
and they eat right, and they're engaged, and they're trusting and trustworthy,
417
1117000
3000
e comen ben, e se relacionan e tes confianza neles e eles en ti,
18:55
that is going to have the biggest impact over time.
418
1120000
3000
iso terá un grande impacto a longo prazo.
18:58
Diets don't work. No diet in the history of the world
419
1123000
3000
As dietas non funcionan. Ningunha dieta na historia
19:01
has ever worked for more than two percent of the population.
420
1126000
3000
funcionou para máis do 2% da poboación.
19:04
Exercise programs usually start in January;
421
1129000
3000
Os programas de exercicio xeralmente comezan en xaneiro
19:07
they're usually done by October.
422
1132000
2000
e, polo xeral rematan en outubro.
19:09
When it comes to longevity
423
1134000
2000
No que se refire á lonxevidade,
19:11
there is no short term fix
424
1136000
2000
non hai solución a curto prazo
19:13
in a pill or anything else.
425
1138000
3000
nunha pílula ou calquera outra cousa.
19:16
But when you think about it,
426
1141000
2000
Pero se o pensades
19:18
your friends are long-term adventures,
427
1143000
3000
os vosos amigos son aventuras a longo prazo
19:21
and therefore, perhaps the most significant thing you can do
428
1146000
3000
e, por iso, quizais o máis importante que podes facer
19:24
to add more years to your life,
429
1149000
3000
para engadir anos á túa vida,
19:27
and life to your years. Thank you very much.
430
1152000
2000
e vida aos teus anos.Moitas grazas.
19:29
(Applause)
431
1154000
5000
(Aplausos)
Translated by Jose Camean
Reviewed by Raquel Uzal

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Buettner - Longevity coach, explorer
National Geographic writer and explorer Dan Buettner studies the world's longest-lived peoples, distilling their secrets into a single plan for health and long life.

Why you should listen

What do Seventh-Day Adventists in California, the residents of Sardinia, Italy and the inhabitants of the islands of Okinawa, Japan have in common? They enjoy the longest, healthiest lives on the planet. Dan Buettner assembled a team of researchers to seek out these "hotspots of human health and vitality," which he calls Blue Zones, and to figure out what they do that helps them live so long.

Buettner, a world-renowned explorer and a writer for National Geographic, travels the world seeking out new Blue Zones (he's found five, to date) and speaking at seminars and on TV, sharing the habits that lead to long life. He is the founder of Quest Network, and has set three world records for endurance cycling.

More profile about the speaker
Dan Buettner | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee