TEDGlobal 2013
Benjamin Barber: Why mayors should rule the world
Benjamin Barber: Zašto bi gradonačelnici trebali vladati svijetom
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Često se čini da savezni političari više vole zamrsiti neki čvor negoli rješavati svjetske probleme. Tko onda čini uistinu smione stvari? Gradonačelnici. Politički teoretičar, Benjamin Barber predlaže: Dajmo im više kontrole nad svjetskom politikom! Barber pokazuje kako ti "gradski dečki" rješavaju rastuće probleme u vlastitom dvorištu - a možda i u svijetu.
Benjamin Barber - Political theorist
Benjamin Barber suggested that the future of the world may lie with the politicians who implement practical change every day: mayors. Full bio
Benjamin Barber suggested that the future of the world may lie with the politicians who implement practical change every day: mayors. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Democracy is in trouble, no question about that,
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Nema sumnje kako je demokracija u krizi,
00:16
and it comes in part from a deep dilemma
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i to djelomice proizlazi
iz dubokog proturječja
iz dubokog proturječja
00:19
in which it is embedded.
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u njenom korijenu.
00:22
It's increasingly irrelevant to the kinds of decisions
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Sve je manje važna pri
suočavanju s odlukama
suočavanju s odlukama
00:25
we face that have to do with global pandemics,
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o globalnim pandemijama,
00:29
a cross-border problem;
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kao prekograničnim problemom;
00:31
with HIV, a transnational problem;
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s HIV-om kao
transnacionalnim problemom;
transnacionalnim problemom;
00:34
with markets and immigration,
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s tržištima i useljenicima,
00:36
something that goes beyond national borders;
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nečime što je iznad nacionalnih granica;
00:39
with terrorism, with war,
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s terorizmom, s ratom,
00:41
all now cross-border problems.
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sa svim današnjim
prekograničnim problemima.
prekograničnim problemima.
00:44
In fact, we live in a 21st-century world
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Zapravo u 21. stoljeću živimo
00:48
of interdependence,
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u međuzavisnom svijetu,
00:50
and brutal interdependent problems,
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i sa surovim međuzavisnim problemima.
00:53
and when we look for solutions in politics and in democracy,
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Tražimo li rješenja u politici
i u demokraciji,
i u demokraciji,
00:59
we are faced with political institutions
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suočavamo se s političkim institucijama
01:02
designed 400 years ago,
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stvorenima prije 400 godina,
01:06
autonomous, sovereign nation-states
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sa samostalnim, suverenim
nacionalnim državama,
nacionalnim državama,
01:10
with jurisdictions and territories
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s pravnim nadležnostima i
upravnim područjima,
upravnim područjima,
01:13
separate from one another,
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međusobno razdvojenima,
01:14
each claiming to be able to solve the problem
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od kojih je svaka navodno
u stanju riješiti probleme
u stanju riješiti probleme
01:17
of its own people.
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svojih ljudi.
01:19
Twenty-first-century, transnational world
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21. stoljeće,
transnacionalni svijet
transnacionalni svijet
01:23
of problems and challenges,
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problema i izazova,
01:25
17th-century world of political institutions.
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svijet političkih institucija
17. stoljeća.
17. stoljeća.
01:29
In that dilemma lies the central problem of democracy.
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U ovome proturječju leži
središnji problem demokracije.
središnji problem demokracije.
Poput mnogih drugih,
razmišljao sam o tome
razmišljao sam o tome
01:35
And like many others, I've been thinking about
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01:37
what can one do about this, this asymmetry
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što netko može učiniti s ovim u vezi,
s ovim nesrazmjerom
s ovim nesrazmjerom
01:40
between 21st-century challenges
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između izazova 21. stoljeća
01:42
and archaic and increasingly dysfunctional
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te zastarjelih i sve neučinkovitijih
01:46
political institutions like nation-states.
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političkih institucija poput
nacionalnih država.
nacionalnih država.
01:50
And my suggestion is
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A ja bih predložio
01:51
that we change the subject,
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da promijenimo temu,
01:55
that we stop talking about nations,
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da prestanemo govoriti o nacijama,
01:59
about bordered states,
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o "omeđenim" državama,
02:01
and we start talking about cities.
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i započnemo govoriti o gradovima.
02:05
Because I think you will find, when we talk about cities,
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Jer, vjerujem da ćete shvatiti da,
dok govorimo o gradovima,
dok govorimo o gradovima,
02:08
we are talking about the political institutions
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govorimo o političkim ustanovama
02:12
in which civilization and culture were born.
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u kojima su rođene civilizacija i kultura.
02:15
We are talking about the cradle of democracy.
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Govorimo o kolijevci demokracije.
02:18
We are talking about the venues in which
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Govorimo o mjestima gdje se nalaze
02:21
those public spaces where we come together
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ti javni prostori na kojima se okupljamo
02:24
to create democracy, and at the same time
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da bismo stvarali demokraciju i,
istodobno,
istodobno,
02:28
protest those who would take our freedom, take place.
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prosvjedovali protiv onih koji nam
oduzimaju slobodu.
oduzimaju slobodu.
02:33
Think of some great names:
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Prisjetite se nekih veličanstvenih imena:
02:35
the Place de la Bastille,
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Place de la Bastille,
02:38
Zuccotti Park,
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Zuccotti Park,
02:40
Tahrir Square,
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Trg Tahrir,
02:42
Taksim Square in today's headlines in Istanbul,
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Trg Taksim iz današnjih naslova,
u Istanbulu,
u Istanbulu,
02:47
or, yes,
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ili, da,
02:49
Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
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Trg Tiananmen u Pekingu.
02:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
02:53
Those are the public spaces
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To su javni prostori
02:56
where we announce ourselves as citizens,
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gdje se deklariramo kao građani,
03:00
as participants, as people with the right
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kao sudionici, kao ljudi s pravom
03:03
to write our own narratives.
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da ispisujemo vlastite priče.
03:07
Cities are not only the oldest of institutions,
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Gradovi nisu tek najstariji
među institucijama;
među institucijama;
03:10
they're the most enduring.
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oni su i najdugovječniji.
03:12
If you think about it,
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Ako malo razmislite:
03:14
Constantinople, Istanbul, much older than Turkey.
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Konstantinopol, Istanbul,
mnogo je stariji od Turske.
mnogo je stariji od Turske.
03:18
Alexandria, much older than Egypt.
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Aleksandrija, mnogo starija od Egipta.
03:21
Rome, far older than Italy.
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Rim, daleko stariji od Italije.
03:25
Cities endure the ages.
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Gradovi nadživljuju vjekove.
03:29
They are the places where we are born,
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Oni su mjesta gdje se rađamo,
03:34
grow up, are educated, work, marry,
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odrastamo, obrazujemo se,
radimo, vjenčavamo se,
radimo, vjenčavamo se,
03:38
pray, play, get old, and in time, die.
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molimo se, igramo se, starimo i,
s vremenom, umiremo.
s vremenom, umiremo.
03:43
They are home.
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Oni su dom.
03:45
Very different than nation-states,
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Posve različiti od nacionalnih država,
03:47
which are abstractions.
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koje su apstrakcije.
03:48
We pay taxes, we vote occasionally,
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Plaćamo poreze, povremeno glasujemo,
03:52
we watch the men and women we choose rule
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gledamo muškarce i žene
koje biramo kako vladaju,
koje biramo kako vladaju,
03:56
rule more or less without us.
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vladaju, manje više, bez nas.
03:59
Not so in those homes known as our towns
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Tako nije u tim domovima znanim
kao naši gradići
kao naši gradići
04:03
and cities where we live.
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i gradovi, u kojima živimo.
04:05
Moreover, today, more than half of the world's population
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Štoviše, danas, više od polovice
svjetske populacije
svjetske populacije
04:10
live in cities.
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živi u gradovima.
04:12
In the developed world, it's about 78 percent.
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U razvijenom svijetu - oko 78 posto.
04:16
More than three out of four people
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Više od tri četvrtine ljudi danas
04:18
live in urban institutions, urban places,
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živi u urbanim ustanovama,
urbanim mjestima,
urbanim mjestima,
04:22
in cities today.
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u gradovima.
04:24
So cities are where the action is.
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Gradovi su mjesta zbivanja.
04:27
Cities are us. Aristotle said in the ancient world,
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Gradovi su -- mi.
Aristotel je nekad davno rekao
Aristotel je nekad davno rekao
04:30
man is a political animal.
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kako je čovjek politička životinja.
04:33
I say we are an urban animal.
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Ja kažem da smo gradske životinje.
04:36
We are an urban species, at home in our cities.
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Mi smo gradska bića;
dom nam je u našim gradovima.
dom nam je u našim gradovima.
04:41
So to come back to the dilemma,
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No, vratimo se našoj dvojbi...
04:43
if the dilemma is we have old-fashioned
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Ako ne znamo što bismo sa staromodnim
04:46
political nation-states unable to govern the world,
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političkim nacionalnim državama
nesposobnima da upravljaju svijetom,
nesposobnima da upravljaju svijetom,
04:50
respond to the global challenges that we face
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da odgovore na globalne izazove
s kojima se suočavamo,
s kojima se suočavamo,
04:53
like climate change,
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poput klimatskih promjena,
04:55
then maybe it's time for mayors to rule the world,
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onda je možda vrijeme da
gradonačelnici zavladaju svijetom,
gradonačelnici zavladaju svijetom,
05:01
for mayors and the citizens and the peoples they represent
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za gradonačelnike i građane,
i za ljude koje oni predstavljaju
i za ljude koje oni predstavljaju
05:04
to engage in global governance.
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da se uključe u upravljanje svijetom.
Kad kažem: "Kad bi gradonačelnici
upravljali svijetom...",
upravljali svijetom...",
05:10
When I say if mayors ruled the world,
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05:12
when I first came up with that phrase,
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kada mi je prvi put došao taj izraz,
05:14
it occurred to me that actually, they already do.
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sinulo mi je da oni, zapravo,
doista to i čine.
doista to i čine.
05:18
There are scores of international, inter-city,
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Mnoštvo je međunarodnih,
međugradskih,
međugradskih,
05:23
cross-border institutions, networks of cities
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prekograničnih institucija,
mreža gradova
mreža gradova
05:27
in which cities are already, quite quietly,
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u kojima gradovi već, prilično tiho,
05:30
below the horizon, working together
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neprimjetno, zajedno surađuju
05:33
to deal with climate change, to deal with security,
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u suočavanju s klimatskim promjenama,
sa sigurnosnim problemima,
sa sigurnosnim problemima,
05:36
to deal with immigration,
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s useljeničkim pitanjima,
05:37
to deal with all of those tough,
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u suočavanju sa svim tim teškim,
05:39
interdependent problems that we face.
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međusobno povezanim problemima.
05:41
They have strange names:
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Neobičnih su naziva:
05:45
UCLG,
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UGLU,
05:48
United Cities and Local Governments;
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Udruženi gradovi i lokalne uprave;
05:53
ICLEI,
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MVLOP,
05:55
the International Council for Local Environmental Issues.
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Međunarodno vijeće za lokalna
okolišna pitanja.
okolišna pitanja.
06:00
And the list goes on:
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Popis se i nastavlja:
06:01
Citynet in Asia; City Protocol, a new organization
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Citynet u Aziji; City Protocol,
nova organizacija
nova organizacija
06:05
out of Barcelona that is using the web
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iz Barcelone, koja koristi Internet
06:08
to share best practices among countries.
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za širenje najboljih iskustava
među zemljama.
među zemljama.
A potom i svi oni koje bolje poznajemo:
06:12
And then all the things we know a little better,
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06:13
the U.S. Conference of Mayors,
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Američko vijeće gradonačelnika,
06:14
the Mexican Conference of Mayors,
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Meksičko vijeće gradonačelnika,
06:16
the European Conference of Mayors.
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Europsko vijeće gradonačelnika.
06:20
Mayors are where this is happening.
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Gradonačelnici su ključni igrači.
06:25
And so the question is,
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Prema tome, pitanje je:
06:27
how can we create a world
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Kako možemo stvoriti svijet
06:29
in which mayors and the citizens they represent
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u kojemu gradonačelnici i
građani koje oni predstavljaju,
građani koje oni predstavljaju,
06:33
play a more prominent role?
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igraju istaknutiju ulogu?
06:35
Well, to understand that,
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Da bismo to razumjeli,
06:38
we need to understand why cities are special,
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trebamo razumjeti zašto
su gradovi tako posebni;
su gradovi tako posebni;
zašto se gradonačelnici toliko razlikuju
06:42
why mayors are so different
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06:44
than prime ministers and presidents,
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od premijera i predsjednika?
06:45
because my premise is that a mayor and a prime minister
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Jer, moja je premisa da su
gradonačelnik i premijer
gradonačelnik i premijer
06:50
are at the opposite ends of a political spectrum.
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na suprotnim krajevima političkog spektra.
06:54
To be a prime minister or a president,
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Da biste bili premijer ili predsjednik,
06:56
you have to have an ideology,
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morate imati ideologiju,
06:59
you have to have a meta-narrative,
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morate imati meta-priču,
07:01
you have to have a theory of how things work,
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morate imati pojma o tome
kako stvari funkcioniraju,
kako stvari funkcioniraju,
07:03
you have to belong to a party.
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morate pripadati stranci.
07:05
Independents, on the whole,
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Neovisni, općenito,
07:07
don't get elected to office.
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ne bivaju izabrani.
07:08
But mayors are just the opposite.
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Gradonačelnici su upravo suprotni njima.
07:11
Mayors are pragmatists, they're problem-solvers.
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Oni su pragmatičari,
oni rješavaju probleme.
oni rješavaju probleme.
Njihov je posao da rješavaju
probleme, i ako to ne čine,
probleme, i ako to ne čine,
07:15
Their job is to get things done, and if they don't,
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07:17
they're out of a job.
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ostaju bez posla.
07:20
Mayor Nutter of Philadelphia said,
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Gradonačelnik Philadelphije,
Nutter, rekao je:
Nutter, rekao je:
07:23
we could never get away here in Philadelphia
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Mi se u Philadelphiji
nikad ne bismo izvukli
nikad ne bismo izvukli
07:26
with the stuff that goes on in Washington,
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s onime što se redovito događa
u Washingtonu,
u Washingtonu,
07:28
the paralysis, the non-action, the inaction.
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paraliza, neaktivnost, pasivnost.
07:33
Why? Because potholes have to get filled,
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Zašto? Zato što se rupe
na cestama moraju začepiti,
na cestama moraju začepiti,
07:38
because the trains have to run,
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zato što vlakovi moraju voziti,
07:40
because kids have to be able to get to school.
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zato što djeca moraju moći
doći do svojih škola.
doći do svojih škola.
I to je ono što moramo učiniti.
07:43
And that's what we have to do,
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07:44
and to do that is about pragmatism
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A da bismo to učinili,
potreban nam je pragmatizam
potreban nam je pragmatizam
07:47
in that deep, American sense,
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u onom pravom, američkom smislu -
07:49
reaching outcomes.
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ostvarivanja rezultata.
07:51
Washington, Beijing, Paris, as world capitals,
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Washington, Peking ili Pariz,
kao svjetske prijestolnice,
kao svjetske prijestolnice,
07:57
are anything but pragmatic,
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sve su samo ne pragmatične.
08:00
but real city mayors have to be pragmatists.
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No, pravi gradonačelnici to moraju biti.
08:03
They have to get things done,
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Oni moraju rješavati stvari,
08:05
they have to put ideology and religion and ethnicity aside
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oni moraju zanemariti ideološke,
religijske ili etničke razlike,
religijske ili etničke razlike,
08:08
and draw their cities together.
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i homogenizirati gradove koje vode.
08:11
We saw this a couple of decades ago
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Prije nekoliko desetljeća
smo to vidjeli,
smo to vidjeli,
08:13
when Teddy Kollek, the great mayor of Jerusalem
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kad je Teddy Kollek, glasoviti
gradonačelnik Jeruzalema
gradonačelnik Jeruzalema
08:16
in the '80s and the '90s,
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u 80-ima i 90-ima,
08:19
was besieged one day in his office
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u svome uredu jednoga
dana bio okružen
dana bio okružen
08:22
by religious leaders from all of the backgrounds,
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religijskim vođama
svih provenijencija,
svih provenijencija,
08:27
Christian prelates, rabbis, imams.
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kršćanski prelatima, rabinima, imamima.
08:29
They were arguing with one another
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Raspravljali su međusobno
08:31
about access to the holy sites.
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o pristupu svetim mjestima.
08:33
And the squabble went on and on,
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Prepirke su trajale i trajale,
08:35
and Kollek listened and listened,
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a Kollek je strpljivo slušao,
08:37
and he finally said, "Gentlemen,
166
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4302
i konačno rekao: "Gospodo,
08:41
spare me your sermons,
167
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2156
poštedite me svojih propovijedi,
08:43
and I will fix your sewers."
168
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3044
i ja ću popraviti vaše odvode."
(Smijeh)
08:46
(Laughter)
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1021
08:47
That's what mayors do.
170
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2064
To rade gradonačelnici.
08:49
They fix sewers, they get the trains running.
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3420
Popravljaju odvode, osiguravaju
da vlakovi voze.
da vlakovi voze.
08:53
There isn't a left or a right way of doing.
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Ne postoji lijevi li desni način
kako da se to učini.
kako da se to učini.
08:55
Boris Johnson in London calls himself an anarcho-Tory.
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Boris Johnson, u Londonu,
naziva sebe anarhotorijevcem.
naziva sebe anarhotorijevcem.
09:00
Strange term, but in some ways, he is.
174
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1875
Čudan izraz, ali,
na neki način, on to i jest.
na neki način, on to i jest.
09:02
He's a libertarian. He's an anarchist.
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2433
On je libertarijanac.
Anarhist.
Anarhist.
09:04
He rides to work on a bike,
176
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1489
Vozi se biciklom na posao,
09:05
but at the same time, he's in some ways a conservative.
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ali je istodobno, na neki način,
konzervativan.
konzervativan.
09:08
Bloomberg in New York was a Democrat,
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3240
U New Yorku, Bloomberg
je bio demokrat,
je bio demokrat,
da bi potom bio republikanac,
09:12
then he was a Republican,
179
540067
818
09:12
and finally he was an Independent, and said
180
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1837
a konačno i nezavisan,
i on je rekao
i on je rekao
09:14
the party label just gets in the way.
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2421
da mu je stranačka oznaka samo smetnja.
09:17
Luzhkov, 20 years mayor in Moscow,
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3115
Lužkov, 20 godina
gradonačelnik Moskve,
gradonačelnik Moskve,
09:20
though he helped found a party, United Party with Putin,
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3460
iako je sudjelovao u stvaranju stranke,
Ujedinjene stranke, s Putinom,
Ujedinjene stranke, s Putinom,
09:23
in fact refused to be defined by the party
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3296
na koncu je odbio identifikaciju
sa strankom
sa strankom
09:27
and finally, in fact, lost his job not under Brezhnev,
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3290
i izgubio posao, ne pod Brežnjevom,
09:30
not under Gorbachev, but under Putin,
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2873
ne pod Gorbačovom,
nego pod Putinom
nego pod Putinom
09:33
who wanted a more faithful party follower.
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4153
koji je želio vjernijeg
stranačkog sljedbenika.
stranačkog sljedbenika.
09:37
So mayors are pragmatists and problem-solvers.
188
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4114
Prema tome, gradonačelnici su
pragmatičari i rješavači problema.
pragmatičari i rješavači problema.
09:41
They get things done.
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1373
Oni rješavaju stvari.
09:42
But the second thing about mayors
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1409
Druga stvar vezana uz gradonačelnike
09:44
is they are also what I like to call homeboys,
191
572226
4181
jest ta da su oni, kako ja to
volim zvati, domaći dečki,
volim zvati, domaći dečki,
09:48
or to include the women mayors, homies.
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ili, ako uključimo i žene,
domaći ljudi.
domaći ljudi.
09:51
They're from the neighborhood.
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2663
Oni su tu, iz susjedstva.
09:53
They're part of the neighborhood. They're known.
194
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1807
Oni su dio susjedstva.
Ljudi ih poznaju.
Ljudi ih poznaju.
09:55
Ed Koch used to wander around New York City
195
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2275
Ed Koch je običavao
šetati New Yorkom
šetati New Yorkom
09:57
saying, "How am I doing?"
196
585792
2516
govoreći: "Kako sam?"
10:00
Imagine David Cameron
197
588308
1655
Zamislite Davida Camerona
10:01
wandering around the United Kingdom
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589963
1950
kako skita Ujedinjenim Kraljevstvom
10:03
asking, "How am I doing?" He wouldn't like the answer.
199
591913
2478
pitajući: "Kako sam?"
Ne bi mu se svidio odgovor.
Ne bi mu se svidio odgovor.
10:06
Or Putin. Or any national leader.
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594391
2718
Ili Putin. Ili bilo koji drugi
nacionalni vođa.
nacionalni vođa.
Koch je to mogao pitati zato
što je poznavao Njujorčane,
što je poznavao Njujorčane,
10:09
He could ask that because he knew New Yorkers
201
597109
2012
10:11
and they knew him.
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599121
1876
i oni su poznavali njega.
10:12
Mayors are usually from the places they govern.
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600997
3866
Gradonačelnici uglavnom potječu
iz mjesta kojima upravljaju.
iz mjesta kojima upravljaju.
10:16
It's pretty hard to be a carpetbagger and be a mayor.
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2804
Prilično je teško došljaku
postati gradonačelnikom.
postati gradonačelnikom.
Za Senat se možete natjecati
ako ste iz druge savezne države,
ako ste iz druge savezne države,
10:19
You can run for the Senate out of a different state,
205
607667
1814
10:21
but it's hard to do that as a mayor.
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2926
ali u tome je teško uspjeti ako se
radi o gradonačelničkoj ulozi.
radi o gradonačelničkoj ulozi.
10:24
And as a result, mayors and city councillors
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3084
Posljedično, gradonačelnici
i gradski vijećnici,
i gradski vijećnici,
10:27
and local authorities
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1737
lokalne vlasti,
10:29
have a much higher trust level,
209
617228
2251
uživaju znatno više povjerenja --
10:31
and this is the third feature about mayors,
210
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2528
i to je treća značajka gradonačelnika --
10:34
than national governing officials.
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622007
2373
od političara na nacionalnoj razini.
10:36
In the United States, we know the pathetic figures:
212
624380
3585
U Sjedinjenim Državama
bilježimo jadne brojke:
bilježimo jadne brojke:
10:39
18 percent of Americans approve of Congress
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627965
4459
18 % Amerikanaca podržava Kongres
10:44
and what they do.
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632424
1502
i ono što ondje čine.
10:45
And even with a relatively popular president like Obama,
215
633926
3599
Čak i s relativno popularnim
predsjednikom poput Obame,
predsjednikom poput Obame,
10:49
the figures for the Presidency run about 40, 45,
216
637525
3096
podrška njegovu predsjedništvu
kreće se oko 40, 45,
kreće se oko 40, 45,
10:52
sometimes 50 percent at best.
217
640621
1785
katkad 50 %, u najboljem slučaju.
10:54
The Supreme Court has fallen way down from what it used to be.
218
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3169
Vrhovni Sud izgubio je svoj značaj
kakav je nekad imao.
kakav je nekad imao.
10:57
But when you ask, "Do you trust your city councillor,
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645575
3450
Ali, upitate li: "Vjerujete li
svom gradskom vijećniku,
svom gradskom vijećniku,
11:01
do you trust your mayor?"
220
649025
2176
vjerujete li svome gradonačelniku?",
11:03
the rates shoot up to 70, 75, even 80 percent,
221
651201
5153
stope se podižu do 70, 75, čak i 80 %,
11:08
because they're from the neighborhood,
222
656354
2145
jer oni su iz susjedstva,
11:10
because the people they work with are their neighbors,
223
658499
2917
jer su ljudi s kojima rade
njihovi susjedi,
njihovi susjedi,
11:13
because, like Mayor Booker in Newark,
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661416
3417
jer, poput gradonačelnika
Bookera iz Newarka,
Bookera iz Newarka,
11:16
a mayor is likely to get out of his car on the way to work
225
664833
3199
gradonačelnik će, vjerojatno,
na putu do posla izaći iz auta
na putu do posla izaći iz auta
11:20
and go in and pull people out of a burning building --
226
668032
2754
i utrčati u zgradu koja gori
i izvući ljude --
i izvući ljude --
11:22
that happened to Mayor Booker --
227
670786
2338
što se dogodilo gradonačelniku Bookeru --
11:25
or intervene in a mugging in the street as he goes to work
228
673124
2941
ili se uplesti u ulično razbojstvo
na putu do posla
na putu do posla
11:28
because he sees it.
229
676065
1332
jer ga primijeti.
11:29
No head of state would be permitted
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2383
Nijednom državnom čelniku ne bi
11:31
by their security details to do it,
231
679780
1852
njegovo osiguranje dopustilo to učini,
11:33
nor be in a position to do it.
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681632
2218
niti bi on ikad bio u prilici to učiniti.
11:35
That's the difference, and the difference
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683850
1539
U tome je razlika, i ta razlika
11:37
has to do with the character of cities themselves,
234
685389
2165
proizlazi iz karaktera gradova,
11:39
because cities are profoundly multicultural,
235
687554
6621
budući da su gradovi
istinski multikulturalni,
istinski multikulturalni,
11:46
open, participatory, democratic,
236
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4335
otvoreni, participativni, demokratični,
11:50
able to work with one another.
237
698510
2654
sposobni raditi jedni s drugima.
11:53
When states face each other,
238
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2826
Kad se države suoče,
11:55
China and the U.S., they face each other like this.
239
703990
4290
na primjer Kina i SAD,
one se suoče ovako.
one se suoče ovako.
12:00
When cities interact, they interact like this.
240
708280
4603
Kad gradovi međudjeluju,
međudjeluju ovako.
međudjeluju ovako.
12:04
China and the U.S., despite the recent
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3307
Kina i SAD, unatoč nedavnom
12:08
meta-meeting in California,
242
716190
2611
meta-sastanku u Kaliforniji,
12:10
are locked in all kinds of anger, resentment, and rivalry
243
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4765
zapele su raznim oblicima
srdžbe, ojađenosti i suparništva
srdžbe, ojađenosti i suparništva
za prvu poziciju u svijetu.
12:15
for number one.
244
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1241
12:16
We heard more about who will be number one.
245
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2977
Čuli smo već tko bi mogao biti broj jedan.
12:19
Cities don't worry about number one.
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2151
Gradovi ne brinu o broju jedan.
12:21
They have to work together, and they do work together.
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2183
Oni moraju surađivati, i oni surađuju.
12:24
They work together in climate change, for example.
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3611
Surađuju u klimatskim promjenama,
primjerice.
primjerice.
12:27
Organizations like the C40, like ICLEI, which I mentioned,
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3506
Organizacije poput C40, poput MVLOP-a
kojega sam već spomenuo,
kojega sam već spomenuo,
12:31
have been working together
250
739235
1884
surađivale su puno,
12:33
many, many years before Copenhagen.
251
741119
2190
puno godina prije Kopenhagena.
12:35
In Copenhagen, four or five years ago,
252
743309
2521
A u Kopenhagenu,
prije četiri ili pet godina,
prije četiri ili pet godina,
12:37
184 nations came together to explain to one another
253
745830
3394
184 su se nacije našle
da bi jedna drugoj objasnile
da bi jedna drugoj objasnile
12:41
why their sovereignty didn't permit them
254
749224
2245
zašto im njihov
suverenitet ne dopušta
suverenitet ne dopušta
12:43
to deal with the grave, grave crisis of climate change,
255
751469
4302
da se bave ovom opasnom krizom
oko klimatskih promjena,
oko klimatskih promjena,
12:47
but the mayor of Copenhagen had invited
256
755771
3276
dok je gradonačelnik
Kopenhagena pozvao
Kopenhagena pozvao
12:51
200 mayors to attend.
257
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1722
200 gradonačelnika.
12:52
They came, they stayed, and they found ways
258
760769
3060
Došli su, ostali, i iznašli načine
12:55
and are still finding ways to work together,
259
763829
3091
i još uvijek iznalaze načine
zajedničkog surađivanja,
zajedničkog surađivanja,
12:58
city-to-city, and through inter-city organizations.
260
766920
3449
gradova s gradovima,
kroz udruge gradova.
kroz udruge gradova.
13:02
Eighty percent of carbon emissions come from cities,
261
770369
3777
Gradovi su zaslužni za 80 %
emisije ugljičnog dioksida,
emisije ugljičnog dioksida,
13:06
which means cities are in a position
262
774146
1884
što znači da gradovi mogu
13:08
to solve the carbon problem, or most of it,
263
776030
3208
riješiti problem ugljičnoga dioksida,
ili veći dio toga problema,
ili veći dio toga problema,
13:11
whether or not the states of which they are a part
264
779238
2788
neovisno o tome što čine države
13:14
make agreements with one another.
265
782026
2058
kojih su ti gradovi dio.
13:16
And they are doing it.
266
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1248
I gradovi to čine.
13:17
Los Angeles cleaned up its port,
267
785332
2300
Los Angeles je očistio svoju luku
13:19
which was 40 percent of carbon emissions,
268
787632
2575
koja je stvarala 40 %
emisije ugljičnog dioksida,
emisije ugljičnog dioksida,
13:22
and as a result got rid of about 20 percent of carbon.
269
790207
3781
što je rezultiralo smanjenjem
od 20 % ugljičnog dioksida.
od 20 % ugljičnog dioksida.
13:25
New York has a program to upgrade its old buildings,
270
793988
2984
New York ima program obnove
svojih starih zgrada
svojih starih zgrada
13:28
make them better insulated in the winter,
271
796972
3184
s ciljem bolje toplinske izolacije zimi,
13:32
to not leak energy in the summer,
272
800156
1943
radi sprečavanja
ispuštanja energije ljeti,
ispuštanja energije ljeti,
13:34
not leak air conditioning. That's having an impact.
273
802099
2947
radi sprečavanja curenja
rashladnih uređaja. Sve to ima utjecaja.
rashladnih uređaja. Sve to ima utjecaja.
13:37
Bogota, where Mayor Mockus,
274
805046
1894
U Bogoti je gradonačelnik Mockus,
13:38
when he was mayor, he introduced a transportation system
275
806940
4236
dok je bio gradonačelnik,
uveo prijevozni sustav
uveo prijevozni sustav
13:43
that saved energy, that allowed surface buses
276
811176
4452
koji je štedio energiju, koji je
omogućio cestovnim autobusima
omogućio cestovnim autobusima
da budu učinkoviti poput
podzemne željeznice --
podzemne željeznice --
13:47
to run in effect like subways,
277
815628
1535
13:49
express buses with corridors.
278
817163
1916
brzi autobusi s koridorima.
13:51
It helped unemployment, because people could get across town,
279
819079
3286
To je smanjilo nezaposlenost,
jer su ljudi mogli prijeći čitav grad,
jer su ljudi mogli prijeći čitav grad,
13:54
and it had a profound impact on climate as well as
280
822365
3856
a imalo je i snažan utjecaj na klimu
kao i na mnogo što drugo ondje.
13:58
many other things there.
281
826221
1071
13:59
Singapore, as it developed its high-rises
282
827292
2854
Singapur je, kako je gradio nebodere
14:02
and its remarkable public housing,
283
830146
1705
i svoje znamenite
stambene zgrade,
stambene zgrade,
14:03
also developed an island of parks,
284
831851
3493
izgradio i otok parkova,
i, odete li onamo, vidjet ćete koliko
14:07
and if you go there, you'll see how much of it
285
835344
1716
14:09
is green land and park land.
286
837060
1541
ima zelenila i parkova.
14:10
Cities are doing this, but not just one by one.
287
838601
2508
Gradovi to rade, ali ne jedan po jedan.
14:13
They are doing it together.
288
841109
1585
Oni to zajedno rade.
14:14
They are sharing what they do,
289
842694
3658
Dijele međusobno što rade,
14:18
and they are making a difference by shared best practices.
290
846352
3969
i dijeljenjem tih najboljih iskustava
oni doista poboljšavaju svijet.
oni doista poboljšavaju svijet.
Dijeljenje bicikala,
mnogi ste za to čuli,
mnogi ste za to čuli,
14:22
Bike shares, many of you have heard of it,
291
850321
1632
započelo je prije 20 ili 30 godina
u Latinskoj Americi.
u Latinskoj Americi.
14:23
started 20 or 30 years ago in Latin America.
292
851953
2303
14:26
Now it's in hundreds of cities around the world.
293
854256
2344
Sad ga imamo u stotinama
gradova širom svijeta.
gradova širom svijeta.
14:28
Pedestrian zones, congestion fees,
294
856600
3291
Pješačke zone, naknade zbog zagušenja,
14:31
emission limits in cities like California cities have,
295
859891
3710
emisijske kvote u gradovima
poput onih u Kaliforniji,
poput onih u Kaliforniji,
14:35
there's lots and lots that cities can do
296
863601
2304
puno je toga što gradovi mogu učiniti
14:37
even when opaque, stubborn nations refuse to act.
297
865905
9360
čak i kad nerazumljive, tvrdoglave nacije
odbijaju djelovati.
odbijaju djelovati.
14:47
So what's the bottom line here?
298
875265
3968
Pa koji je onda zaključak?
14:51
The bottom line is, we still live politically
299
879233
3747
Zaključak je,
i dalje živimo politički
i dalje živimo politički
14:54
in a world of borders, a world of boundaries,
300
882980
2215
u svijetu granica,
svijetu ograničenja,
svijetu ograničenja,
14:57
a world of walls,
301
885195
1598
svijetu zidova,
14:58
a world where states refuse to act together.
302
886793
6160
svijetu gdje države
odbijaju djelovati zajedno.
odbijaju djelovati zajedno.
15:04
Yet we know that the reality we experience
303
892953
3793
Ipak znamo kako je stvarnost koju
15:08
day to day is a world without borders,
304
896746
4197
doživljavamo svakodnevno
svijet bez granica,
svijet bez granica,
15:12
a world of diseases without borders
305
900943
2474
svijet bolesti bez granica
15:15
and doctors without borders,
306
903417
2300
i doktora bez granica,
15:17
maladies sans frontières, Médecins Sans Frontières,
307
905717
4572
maladies sans frontières,
Médecins Sans Frontières,
Médecins Sans Frontières,
15:22
of economics and technology without borders,
308
910289
6071
ekonomije i tehnologije bez granica,
15:28
of education without borders,
309
916360
2116
obrazovanja bez granica,
15:30
of terrorism and war without borders.
310
918476
3230
terorizma i rata bez granica.
15:33
That is the real world, and unless we find a way
311
921706
3214
To je pravi svijet
i ako ne nađemo način
i ako ne nađemo način
15:36
to globalize democracy or democratize globalization,
312
924920
5430
da globaliziramo demokraciju
i demokratiziramo globalizaciju,
i demokratiziramo globalizaciju,
15:42
we will increasingly not only risk
313
930350
4368
sve ćemo više riskirati ne samo
15:46
the failure to address all of these transnational problems,
314
934718
4081
promašaj u rješavanju
tih prekograničnih problema,
tih prekograničnih problema,
15:50
but we will risk losing democracy itself,
315
938799
3719
već ćemo riskirati
i samu demokraciju,
i samu demokraciju,
15:54
locked up in the old nation-state box,
316
942518
4626
zaključanu u staru kutiju
nacionalne države,
nacionalne države,
15:59
unable to address global problems democratically.
317
947144
5693
nesposobnu da riješi
globalne probleme demokratski.
globalne probleme demokratski.
16:04
So where does that leave us?
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Pa gdje nas to ostavlja?
16:07
I'll tell you. The road to global democracy
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Reći ću vam.
Put ka globalnoj demokraciji
Put ka globalnoj demokraciji
16:10
doesn't run through states.
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ne ide kroz države.
16:12
It runs through cities.
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Ide kroz gradove.
16:15
Democracy was born in the ancient polis.
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Demokracija se rodila u antičkom polisu.
16:20
I believe it can be reborn in the global cosmopolis.
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Vjerujem da se može nanovo roditi
u globalnom kozmopolisu.
u globalnom kozmopolisu.
16:25
In that journey from polis to cosmopolis,
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Na tom putovanju
od polisa do kozmopolisa,
od polisa do kozmopolisa,
16:29
we can rediscover the power
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možemo nanovo otkriti moć
16:31
of democracy on a global level.
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demokracije na globalnoj razini.
16:34
We can create not a League of Nations, which failed,
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Možemo stvoriti
ne Ligu naroda, koja je propala,
ne Ligu naroda, koja je propala,
16:38
but a League of Cities,
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nego Ligu gradova,
16:39
not a United or a dis-United Nations,
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ne Ujedinjene narode ili
Razjedinjene narode,
Razjedinjene narode,
16:42
but United Cities of the World.
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nego Ujedinjene gradove svijeta.
16:44
We can create a global parliament of mayors.
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Možemo stvoriti globalni sabor
gradonačelnika.
gradonačelnika.
16:48
That's an idea. It's in my conception of the coming world,
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Ovo je ideja.
To je moja koncepcija nadolazećeg svijeta,
To je moja koncepcija nadolazećeg svijeta,
16:52
but it's also on the table in City Halls
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ali također je i u raspravi u vijećnicama
16:55
in Seoul, Korea, in Amsterdam,
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u Seoulu, Koreji, u Amsterdamu,
16:58
in Hamburg, and in New York.
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U Hamburgu, i u New Yorku.
17:00
Mayors are considering that idea of how you can actually
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Gradonačelnici razmatraju
tu ideju kako bi se zbilja dao
tu ideju kako bi se zbilja dao
17:03
constitute a global parliament of mayors,
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sastaviti globalni sabor gradonačelnika,
17:06
and I love that idea, because a parliament of mayors
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i volim tu ideju
jer je sabor gradonačelnika
jer je sabor gradonačelnika
17:09
is a parliament of citizens
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sabor građana
17:11
and a parliament of citizens is a parliament of us,
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a sabor građana je sabor nas,
17:15
of you and of me.
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vas i mene.
17:18
If ever there were citizens without borders,
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Ako će ikada biti građana bez granica,
17:23
I think it's the citizens of TED
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mislim da su građani TED-a
17:25
who show the promise to be those citizens without borders.
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oni koji su obećavajući
takvi građani bez granica.
takvi građani bez granica.
17:28
I am ready to reach out and embrace
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Ja sam spreman otvoriti se i prigrliti
17:33
a new global democracy,
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novu globalnu demokraciju,
17:35
to take back our democracy.
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da bismo povratili svoju demokraciju.
17:38
And the only question is,
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Jedino pitanje je:
17:41
are you?
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Jeste li vi?
Hvala vam najljepša, moji dragi sugrađani.
17:43
Thank you so much, my fellow citizens.
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1983
17:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:56
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam.
(Pljesak)
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Benjamin Barber - Political theoristBenjamin Barber suggested that the future of the world may lie with the politicians who implement practical change every day: mayors.
Why you should listen
A passionate advocate of democracy’s power, Benjamin Barber explored bold solutions for dysfunctional systems and political paralysis. In his 2013 book If Mayors Ruled the World, he showed how decentralized local governments can be more flexible -- and more in tune with their constituents -- than their federal counterparts. The book led to the foundation of the Global Parliament of Mayors, a governance body of, by and for mayors from all continents. It builds on the experience, expertise and leadership of mayors in tackling local challenges resulting from global problems.
Barber burst into the media spotlight on September 11, 2001, when his book Jihad Vs. McWorld, published several years earlier, assumed new relevance. With his prophetic analysis of the emerging collision of tribalism and globalism, Barber established the parameters for 21st-century political debate.
His newest book is Cool Cities: Urban Sovereignty and the Fix for Global Warming.
Benjamin Barber | Speaker | TED.com