TED2014
Janet Iwasa: How animations can help scientists test a hypothesis
Janet Iwasa: Kako animacije mogu pomoći znanstvenicima da testiraju hipotezu
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3D animacija može oživjeti znanstvene hipoteze. Molekularni biolog (i TED Fellow) Janet Iwasa predstavlja novi animacijski softver otvorenog izvora dizajniran baš za znanstevnike.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Take a look at this drawing.
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Pogledajte ovaj crtež.
00:14
Can you tell what it is?
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Možete li reći što je to?
00:16
I'm a molecular biologist by training,
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Ja sam molekularni biolog u izobrazbi,
00:18
and I've seen a lot of these kinds of drawings.
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i vidjela sam puno ovakvih crteža.
00:21
They're usually referred to as a model figure,
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Oni se nazivaju figurama modela,
00:24
a drawing that shows how we think
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crtež koji prikazuje kako zamišljamo
00:26
a cellular or molecular process occurs.
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da se odvija stanični
ili molekularni proces.
ili molekularni proces.
00:29
This particular drawing is of a process
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Ovaj crtež prikazuje proces
00:31
called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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naziva endocitoza potaknuta klatrinom.
00:35
It's a process by which a molecule can get
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To je proces kojim molekula može doći
00:38
from the outside of the cell to the inside
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izvana stanice unutra
00:40
by getting captured in a bubble or a vesicle
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tako da ju se uhvati u mjehurić
00:43
that then gets internalized by the cell.
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koji onda prihvati stanica.
00:46
There's a problem with this drawing, though,
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Postoji problem s ovim crtežom,
00:47
and it's mainly in what it doesn't show.
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i to u onome što ne prikazuje.
00:50
From lots of experiments,
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Iz puno eksperimenata,
00:51
from lots of different scientists,
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od puno različitih znanstvenika,
00:53
we know a lot about what these molecules look like,
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znamo puno o tome
kako te molekule izgledaju,
kako te molekule izgledaju,
00:56
how they move around in the cell,
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kako se kreću u stanici,
00:58
and that this is all taking place
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i da se sve ovo događa
01:00
in an incredibly dynamic environment.
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u izuzetno dinamičnom okruženju.
01:03
So in collaboration with a clathrin
expert Tomas Kirchhausen,
expert Tomas Kirchhausen,
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U suradnji sa stručnjakom
za klatrin Tomasom Kirchhausen,
za klatrin Tomasom Kirchhausen,
01:06
we decided to create a new kind of model figure
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odlučili smo stvoriti novu figuru modela
01:09
that showed all of that.
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koja je pokazivala sve to.
01:11
So we start outside of the cell.
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Pa smo počeli izvan stanice.
01:12
Now we're looking inside.
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Sada gledamo unutra.
01:14
Clathrin are these three-legged molecules
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Klatrini su ove tronožne molekule
01:16
that can self-assemble into soccer-ball-like shapes.
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koje se mogu složiti u oblike
poput nogometne lopte.
poput nogometne lopte.
01:19
Through connections with a membrane,
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Kroz povezivanje s membranom,
01:21
clathrin is able to deform the membrane
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klatrin može deformirati membranu
01:23
and form this sort of a cup
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i napraviti ovakvu šalicu
01:25
that forms this sort of a bubble, or a vesicle,
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koja se formira
u ovaj mjehurić ili šupljine,
u ovaj mjehurić ili šupljine,
01:27
that's now capturing some of the proteins
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koje sada hvataju neke bjelančevine
01:29
that were outside of the cell.
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koje su bile izvan stanice.
01:30
Proteins are coming in now that
basically pinch off this vesicle,
basically pinch off this vesicle,
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Bjelančevine koje dolaze
sada otkinu šupljinu,
sada otkinu šupljinu,
01:34
making it separate from the rest of the membrane,
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odvajajući je od ostatka membrane,
01:36
and now clathrin is basically done with its job,
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i sada je klatrin završio s poslom,
01:39
and so proteins are coming in now —
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i bjelančevine dolaze sada —
01:40
we've covered them yellow and orange —
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pokrili smo ih žutom i narančastom —
01:42
that are responsible for taking
apart this clathrin cage.
apart this clathrin cage.
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oni su odgovorni za rastavljanje
klatrinskog kaveza.
klatrinskog kaveza.
01:45
And so all of these proteins
can get basically recycled
can get basically recycled
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I sve ove bjelančevine se recikliraju
01:48
and used all over again.
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i koriste opet iznova.
01:49
These processes are too small to be seen directly,
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Ovi procesi su isuviše maleni
da bi ih se vidjelo direktno
da bi ih se vidjelo direktno
01:53
even with the best microscopes,
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čak i najboljim mikroskopima,
01:55
so animations like this provide a really powerful way
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tako da ovakve animcije daju moćan način
01:57
of visualizing a hypothesis.
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vizualiziranja hipoteze.
02:00
Here's another illustration,
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Ovdje je još jedna ilustracija,
02:02
and this is a drawing of how a researcher might think
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i ovo je crtež onoga
kako bi istraživač mogao zamišljati
kako bi istraživač mogao zamišljati
02:05
that the HIV virus gets into and out of cells.
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da HIV virus ulazi i izlazi iz stanica.
02:08
And again, this is a vast oversimplification
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I ponovno, ovo je veliko pojednostavljenje
02:11
and doesn't begin to show
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i ne počinje prikazivati
02:13
what we actually know about these processes.
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što zapravo znamo o tim procesima.
02:15
You might be surprised to know
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Možda ćete se iznenaditi
02:17
that these simple drawings are the only way
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da su ovi jednostavni crteži jedini način
02:20
that most biologists visualize
their molecular hypotheses.
their molecular hypotheses.
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za većinu biologa da vizualiziraju
svoje molekularne hipoteze.
svoje molekularne hipoteze.
02:24
Why?
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Zašto?
02:25
Because creating movies of processes
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Jer stvaranje filmova procesa
02:27
as we think they actually occur is really hard.
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kako zamišljamo da se odvijaju
je stvarno teško.
je stvarno teško.
02:30
I spent months in Hollywood
learning 3D animation software,
learning 3D animation software,
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Provela sam mjesece
u Hollywoodu učeći 3D animacijski softver,
u Hollywoodu učeći 3D animacijski softver,
02:34
and I spend months on each animation,
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i potrošila sam mjesece
na svaku animaciju,
na svaku animaciju,
02:36
and that's just time that most
researchers can't afford.
researchers can't afford.
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i to je jednostavno vrijeme
koje istraživači nemaju.
koje istraživači nemaju.
02:39
The payoffs can be huge, though.
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No profit iz toga može biti ogroman.
02:41
Molecular animations are unparalleled
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Molekularne animacije su besprimjerne
02:44
in their ability to convey a great deal of information
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u svojoj mogućnosti
da prikažu velike količine informacija
da prikažu velike količine informacija
02:47
to broad audiences with extreme accuracy.
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velikoj publici sa ekstremnom točnošću.
02:51
And I'm working on a new project now
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I radim na novom projektu sada
02:52
called "The Science of HIV"
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koji se zove "Znanost HIV-a"
02:54
where I'll be animating the entire life cycle
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gdje ću animirati cijeli životni ciklus
02:56
of the HIV virus as accurately as possible
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HIV virusa što je točnije moguće
02:59
and all in molecular detail.
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i sve u molekularnim detaljima.
03:01
The animation will feature data
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Animacija će sadržavati podatke
03:03
from thousands of researchers
collected over decades,
collected over decades,
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tisuće istraživača
prikupljenih tijekom desetljeća,
prikupljenih tijekom desetljeća,
03:06
data on what this virus looks like,
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podataka o tome kako virus izgleda,
03:09
how it's able to infect cells in our body,
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kako može zaraziti stanice u našem tijelu,
03:13
and how therapeutics are
helping to combat infection.
helping to combat infection.
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i kako lijekovi pomažu
u borbi protiv infekcije.
u borbi protiv infekcije.
03:17
Over the years, I found that animations
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Kroz godine, shvatila sam da animacije
03:19
aren't just useful for communicating an idea,
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nisu samo korisne za predstavljanje ideje,
03:22
but they're also really useful
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nego su korisne
03:23
for exploring a hypothesis.
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i za istraživanje hipoteze.
03:25
Biologists for the most part are
still using a paper and pencil
still using a paper and pencil
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Biolozi većinom koriste papir i olovku
03:29
to visualize the processes they study,
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da vizualiziraju procese koje proučavaju,
03:31
and with the data we have now,
that's just not good enough anymore.
that's just not good enough anymore.
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i sa podatcima koje imamo sada,
to više nije dovoljno.
to više nije dovoljno.
03:34
The process of creating an animation
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Proces stvaranja animacije
03:37
can act as a catalyst that allows researchers
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može biti katalizator
koji dozvoljava istraživačima
koji dozvoljava istraživačima
03:39
to crystalize and refine their own ideas.
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da kristaliziraju i pročiste svoje ideje.
03:42
One researcher I worked with
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Jedan istržaivač s kojim sam radila
03:44
who works on the molecular mechanisms
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koji radi na molekularnim mehanizmima
03:46
of neurodegenerative diseases
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neurodegenerativnih bolesti
03:48
came up with experiments that were related
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smislio je eksperimente
koji su bili povezani
koji su bili povezani
03:50
directly to the animation that
she and I worked on together,
she and I worked on together,
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direktno s animacijom
na kojoj smo radili zajedno,
na kojoj smo radili zajedno,
03:53
and in this way, animation can
feed back into the research process.
feed back into the research process.
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i na ovaj način, animacija može dati
povratnu informaciju u istraživački proces.
povratnu informaciju u istraživački proces.
03:57
I believe that animation can change biology.
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Vjerujem da animacija
može izmijeniti biologiju.
može izmijeniti biologiju.
04:00
It can change the way that we
communicate with one another,
communicate with one another,
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Može izmjeniti način na koji
komuniciramo jedni s drugima,
komuniciramo jedni s drugima,
04:02
how we explore our data
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kako istražujemo podatke
04:04
and how we teach our students.
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i kako podučavamo učenike.
04:05
But for that change to happen,
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Ali da bi se ta promjena dogodila,
04:07
we need more researchers creating animations,
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moramo imati više istraživača
koji rade animacije,
koji rade animacije,
04:10
and toward that end, I brought together a team
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i u tom smjeru, sastavila sam tim
04:12
of biologists, animators and programmers
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biologa, animatora i programera
04:15
to create a new, free, open-source software —
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koji stvaraju novi,
besplatni software otvorenog koda —
besplatni software otvorenog koda —
04:18
we call it Molecular Flipbook —
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Zovemo ga Molekularna slikovnica —
04:20
that's created just for biologists
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koja je kreirana isključivo za biologe
04:22
just to create molecular animations.
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za stvaranje molekularnih animacija.
04:26
From our testing, we've found
that it only takes 15 minutes
that it only takes 15 minutes
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Iz naših testiranja utvrdili
smo da treba 15 minuta
smo da treba 15 minuta
04:29
for a biologist who has never
touched animation software before
touched animation software before
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da biolog koji nikad nije vidio software
04:33
to create her first molecular animation
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stvori prvu molekularnu animaciju
04:35
of her own hypothesis.
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vlastite hipoteze.
04:37
We're also building an online database
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Također gradimo online bazu podataka
04:39
where anyone can view, download and contribute
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gdje svatko može vidjeti,
preuzetii i doprinijeti
preuzetii i doprinijeti
04:42
their own animations.
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vlastite animacije.
04:43
We're really excited to announce
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Uzbuđeni smo jer možemo najaviti
04:45
that the beta version of the molecular animation
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da je beta verzija alata za
04:48
software toolkit will be available for download today.
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molekularnu animaciju
dostupna za preuzimanje danas.
dostupna za preuzimanje danas.
04:52
We are really excited to see
what biologists will create with it
what biologists will create with it
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Zaista smo uzbuđeni
vidjeti što biolozi mogu stvoriti s tim
vidjeti što biolozi mogu stvoriti s tim
04:55
and what new insights they're able to gain
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i kakva će nova otkrića pronaći
04:57
from finally being able to animate
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kada napokon budu mogli animirati
04:58
their own model figures.
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vlastite figure modela.
05:00
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:02
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janet Iwasa - Molecular animatorWhy you should listen
While we know a lot about molecular processes, they can’t be observed directly, and scientists have to rely on simple, two-dimensional drawings to depict complex hypotheses. That is, they did until now. Janet Iwasa’s colorful and action-packed 3D animations bring scientific hypotheses to life, showing how we think molecules look, move and interact. Not only is molecular animation a powerful way to illustrate ideas and convey information to general audiences, it’s also a powerful tools for inspiring new research. However, 3D molecular animation using commercial software requires skill and time, so Iwasa has created a simpler 3D animation software tool for biologists, allowing researchers to intuitively and quickly model molecular hypotheses. In 2014, she launched the beta of her new free, open-source animation software, Molecular Flipbook, which allows biologists to create molecular animations of their own hypotheses in just 15 minutes.
More profile about the speakerJanet Iwasa | Speaker | TED.com