TEDYouth 2014
Sarah Bergbreiter: Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice
Sarah Bergbreiter: Zašto izrađujem robote veličine zrna riže?
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Proučavajući kretanje i tijela insekata poput mrava, Sarah Bergbreiter i njen tim grade nevjerojatno otporne, super malene, mehaničke verzije kukaca ... i onda dodaju rakete. Pogledajte njihove zapanjujuće razvoje u mikro-robotici, i poslušajte o tri načina kako možemo koristiti ove male pomagače u budućnosti.
Sarah Bergbreiter - Microroboticist
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height. Full bio
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My students and I
work on very tiny robots.
work on very tiny robots.
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Moji studenti i ja radimo
na jako malim robotima.
na jako malim robotima.
00:16
Now, you can think of these
as robotic versions
as robotic versions
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Sada, možete gledati na njih
kao robotske verzije
kao robotske verzije
00:18
of something that you're all
very familiar with: an ant.
very familiar with: an ant.
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nečega što vam je vrlo poznato: mrav.
00:22
We all know that ants
and other insects at this size scale
and other insects at this size scale
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Svi znamo da mravi i drugi insekti
ove veličine
ove veličine
00:24
can do some pretty incredible things.
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mogu učiniti neke poprilično
nevjerojatne stvari.
nevjerojatne stvari.
00:27
We've all seen a group of ants,
or some version of that,
or some version of that,
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Svi smo vidjeli grupu mrava,
ili neku verziju toga,
ili neku verziju toga,
00:30
carting off your potato chip
at a picnic, for example.
at a picnic, for example.
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kako odnose komad čipsa
na pikniku, na primjer.
na pikniku, na primjer.
00:34
But what are the real challenges
of engineering these ants?
of engineering these ants?
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Ali što su pravi izazovi u
izradi ovakvih mrava?
izradi ovakvih mrava?
00:38
Well, first of all, how do we get
the capabilities of an ant
the capabilities of an ant
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Prvo, kako sposobnosti jednog mrava
00:42
in a robot at the same size scale?
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ubaciti u robota iste veličine?
00:44
Well, first we need to figure out
how to make them move
how to make them move
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Pa, prvo moramo utvrditi kako ih pokretati
00:46
when they're so small.
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kada su tako mali.
00:48
We need mechanisms like legs
and efficient motors
and efficient motors
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Trebamo mehanizme poput nogu,
i učinkovite motore
i učinkovite motore
00:50
in order to support that locomotion,
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kako bismo podržali to kretanje,
00:52
and we need the sensors,
power and control
power and control
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i trebamo senzore,
napajanje i kontrolu
napajanje i kontrolu
00:54
in order to pull everything together
in a semi-intelligent ant robot.
in a semi-intelligent ant robot.
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kako bismo sve povezali
u poluinteligentnog mrava robota.
u poluinteligentnog mrava robota.
00:58
And finally, to make
these things really functional,
these things really functional,
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I konačno, kako bi te stvari
postale upotrebljive,
postale upotrebljive,
01:01
we want a lot of them working together
in order to do bigger things.
in order to do bigger things.
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želimo ih imati puno kako bi
činile veće stvari.
činile veće stvari.
01:05
So I'll start with mobility.
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Počet ću s pokretljivošću.
01:07
Insects move around amazingly well.
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Insekti se kreću začuđujuće dobro.
Ovo je video sa sveučilišta Berkeley.
01:11
This video is from UC Berkeley.
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01:12
It shows a cockroach moving
over incredibly rough terrain
over incredibly rough terrain
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Prikazuje žohara koji se kreće
preko nevjerojatno teškog terena
preko nevjerojatno teškog terena
01:15
without tipping over,
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bez da se prevrne,
01:17
and it's able to do this because its legs
are a combination of rigid materials,
are a combination of rigid materials,
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i to može učiniti jer su njegove noge
kombinacija krutih materijala,
kombinacija krutih materijala,
01:21
which is what we traditionally
use to make robots,
use to make robots,
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koje tradicionalno koristimo
za izradu robota,
za izradu robota,
01:23
and soft materials.
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i mekih materijala.
01:26
Jumping is another really interesting way
to get around when you're very small.
to get around when you're very small.
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Skakanje je još jedan zanimljiv način
kretanja kada si malen.
kretanja kada si malen.
01:30
So these insects store energy in a spring
and release that really quickly
and release that really quickly
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Ovi insekti spremaju energiju u oprugu
i otpuštaju je vrlo brzo
i otpuštaju je vrlo brzo
01:34
to get the high power they need
to jump out of water, for example.
to jump out of water, for example.
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kako bi dobili veliku snagu
da iskoče iz vode, na primjer.
da iskoče iz vode, na primjer.
01:38
So one of the big
contributions from my lab
contributions from my lab
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Jedan od velikih doprinosa
iz mog laboratorija
iz mog laboratorija
01:41
has been to combine
rigid and soft materials
rigid and soft materials
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je bilo kombiniranje
krutih i mekih materijala
krutih i mekih materijala
01:44
in very, very small mechanisms.
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u vrlo, vrlo male mehanizme.
01:46
So this jumping mechanism
is about four millimeters on a side,
is about four millimeters on a side,
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Ovaj mehanizam za skakanje
je 4 milimetra velik,
je 4 milimetra velik,
01:49
so really tiny.
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dakle vrlo malen.
01:51
The hard material here is silicon,
and the soft material is silicone rubber.
and the soft material is silicone rubber.
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Tvrdi materijal ovdje je silikon,
a meki je silikonska guma.
a meki je silikonska guma.
01:55
And the basic idea is that
we're going to compress this,
we're going to compress this,
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I osnovna ideja je da ćemo
ovo komprimirati,
ovo komprimirati,
pohraniti energiju u opruge,
i onda ju otpustiti kako bi skočio.
i onda ju otpustiti kako bi skočio.
01:58
store energy in the springs,
and then release it to jump.
and then release it to jump.
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02:00
So there's no motors
on board this right now, no power.
on board this right now, no power.
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Nema motora u ovom trenutku,
nema snage.
nema snage.
02:04
This is actuated with a method
that we call in my lab
that we call in my lab
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Ovo potičemo s metodom
koju u mom labosu zovemo
koju u mom labosu zovemo
02:07
"graduate student with tweezers."
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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"diplomac sa pincetom."
(Smijeh)
(Smijeh)
02:09
So what you'll see in the next video
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Ono što ćete vidjeti u sljedećm videu
02:11
is this guy doing
amazingly well for its jumps.
amazingly well for its jumps.
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jest kako ovaj mali
iznimno dobro skače.
iznimno dobro skače.
02:14
So this is Aaron, the graduate student
in question, with the tweezers,
in question, with the tweezers,
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Ovo je Aaron, spomenuti diplomac,
sa pincetom,
sa pincetom,
02:18
and what you see is this
four-millimeter-sized mechanism
four-millimeter-sized mechanism
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i ono što vidite je ovaj mehanizam
od 4 milimetra
od 4 milimetra
02:20
jumping almost 40 centimeters high.
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kako skače gotovo 40 centimetara.
02:23
That's almost 100 times its own length.
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To je gotovo stotinu puta njegova dužina.
02:25
And it survives, bounces on the table,
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I preživi, odskakuje od stola,
02:27
it's incredibly robust, and of course
survives quite well until we lose it
survives quite well until we lose it
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iznimno je otporan, i naravno
preživljava vrlo dobro dok ga ne izgubimo
preživljava vrlo dobro dok ga ne izgubimo
02:30
because it's very tiny.
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jer je vrlo malen.
02:33
Ultimately, though, we want
to add motors to this too,
to add motors to this too,
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U konačnici, ipak, želimo dodati
i motore ovome,
i motore ovome,
02:36
and we have students in the lab
working on millimeter-sized motors
working on millimeter-sized motors
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i imamo studente u labosu
koji rade na motorima veličine milimetra
koji rade na motorima veličine milimetra
02:39
to eventually integrate onto
small, autonomous robots.
small, autonomous robots.
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kako bi se s vremenom integrirali
na malene, autonomne robote.
na malene, autonomne robote.
02:42
But in order to look at mobility and
locomotion at this size scale to start,
locomotion at this size scale to start,
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Ali da bismo vidjeli mobilnost i kretanje
u ovoj veličini u početku,
u ovoj veličini u početku,
02:46
we're cheating and using magnets.
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varamo i koristimo magnete.
02:48
So this shows what would eventually
be part of a micro-robot leg,
be part of a micro-robot leg,
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Ovo pokazuje što će s vremenom biti dio
mikro-robotske noge,
mikro-robotske noge,
i možete vidjeti
silikonske gumene zglobove
silikonske gumene zglobove
02:51
and you can see the silicone rubber joints
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02:53
and there's an embedded magnet
that's being moved around
that's being moved around
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i tu je ugrađeni magnet
koji se pomiče uokolo
koji se pomiče uokolo
02:56
by an external magnetic field.
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uz pomoć magnetskog polja.
02:58
So this leads to the robot
that I showed you earlier.
that I showed you earlier.
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Tako da ovo vodi do robota
kojeg sam vam pokazala ranije.
kojeg sam vam pokazala ranije.
03:02
The really interesting thing
that this robot can help us figure out
that this robot can help us figure out
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Stvarno zanimljiva stvar je
da nam taj robot može pomoći shvatiti
da nam taj robot može pomoći shvatiti
03:05
is how insects move at this scale.
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kako se insekti kreću na ovoj veličini.
03:07
We have a really good model
for how everything
for how everything
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Imamo dobar model kako se kreće sve
03:09
from a cockroach up to an elephant moves.
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od žohara do slona.
03:11
We all move in this
kind of bouncy way when we run.
kind of bouncy way when we run.
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Svi se krećemo na ovaj nekako skakutavi
način kada trčimo.
način kada trčimo.
03:14
But when I'm really small,
the forces between my feet and the ground
the forces between my feet and the ground
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Ali kada sam stvarno malen,
sile između mojih nogu i tla
sile između mojih nogu i tla
03:18
are going to affect my locomotion
a lot more than my mass,
a lot more than my mass,
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utjecat će na moje kretanje
puno više od moje mase,
puno više od moje mase,
03:21
which is what causes that bouncy motion.
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što uzrokuje to skakutavo kretanje.
03:23
So this guy doesn't work quite yet,
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Tako da taj robot još ne radi,
03:25
but we do have slightly larger versions
that do run around.
that do run around.
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ali imamo malo veće verzije koje
trče uokolo.
trče uokolo.
03:28
So this is about a centimeter cubed,
a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,
a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,
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To je centimater kubni, centimetar
na svakoj strani, dakle vrlo maleno,
na svakoj strani, dakle vrlo maleno,
i postigli smo da trči
otprilike 10 tjelesnih dužina u sekundi,
otprilike 10 tjelesnih dužina u sekundi,
03:32
and we've gotten this to run
about 10 body lengths per second,
about 10 body lengths per second,
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dakle 10 centimetara u sekundi.
03:35
so 10 centimeters per second.
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03:36
It's pretty quick for a little, small guy,
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To je prilično brzo za malog momka,
03:38
and that's really only limited
by our test setup.
by our test setup.
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i to je limitirano postavkama našeg testa.
03:41
But this gives you some idea
of how it works right now.
of how it works right now.
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Ali to vam daje ideju
kako to sada radi.
kako to sada radi.
03:44
We can also make 3D-printed versions
of this that can climb over obstacles,
of this that can climb over obstacles,
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Možemo raditi i 3D printane verzije
koje se mogu penjati preko prepreka,
koje se mogu penjati preko prepreka,
03:47
a lot like the cockroach
that you saw earlier.
that you saw earlier.
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slično kao žohar kojeg ste vidjeli ranije.
03:51
But ultimately we want to add
everything onboard the robot.
everything onboard the robot.
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Ali u konačnici želimo
dodati sve na robota.
dodati sve na robota.
03:54
We want sensing, power, control,
actuation all together,
actuation all together,
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Želimo opažanje, snagu, kontrolu,
pokretanje, sve zajedno,
pokretanje, sve zajedno,
03:58
and not everything
needs to be bio-inspired.
needs to be bio-inspired.
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i ne mora sve biti bio inspirirano.
04:00
So this robot's about
the size of a Tic Tac.
the size of a Tic Tac.
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Ovaj robot je veličine Tic Taca.
04:04
And in this case, instead of magnets
or muscles to move this around,
or muscles to move this around,
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I u ovom slučaju, umjesto magneta
ili mišića za kretanje,
ili mišića za kretanje,
04:08
we use rockets.
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koristimo rakete.
04:10
So this is a micro-fabricated
energetic material,
energetic material,
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Ovo je mikro-konstruirani
energetski materijal,
energetski materijal,
04:13
and we can create tiny pixels of this,
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i možemo stvoriti malene piksele od ovoga,
04:15
and we can put one of these pixels
on the belly of this robot,
on the belly of this robot,
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i možemo staviti jedan od tih piksela
na trbuh robota,
na trbuh robota,
04:19
and this robot, then, is going to jump
when it senses an increase in light.
when it senses an increase in light.
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i ovaj robot, će potom, skočliti kada
osjeti promjenu u svjetlosti.
osjeti promjenu u svjetlosti.
04:24
So the next video is one of my favorites.
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Sljedeći video mi je jedan od najdražih.
04:26
So you have this 300-milligram robot
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Imate 300-miligramskog robota
04:29
jumping about eight
centimeters in the air.
centimeters in the air.
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koji skače osam centimetara u zrak.
04:32
It's only four by four
by seven millimeters in size.
by seven millimeters in size.
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Velik je tek četiri puta četiri
puta sedam milimetara.
puta sedam milimetara.
04:35
And you'll see a big flash
at the beginning
at the beginning
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I vidjet ćete veliki bljesak
na početku
na početku
04:37
when the energetic is set off,
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kada se pokrene energetika,
04:38
and the robot tumbling through the air.
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i robot se kotrlja zrakom.
04:40
So there was that big flash,
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Tu je bio taj veliki bljesak,
04:42
and you can see the robot
jumping up through the air.
jumping up through the air.
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i možete vidjeti robota
kako skače kroz zrak.
kako skače kroz zrak.
04:45
So there's no tethers on this,
no wires connecting to this.
no wires connecting to this.
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Nema spona na ovome,
nema žica koje to povezuju.
nema žica koje to povezuju.
04:48
Everything is onboard,
and it jumped in response
and it jumped in response
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Sve je na njemu,
i skočio je u odgovor
i skočio je u odgovor
04:51
to the student just flicking on
a desk lamp next to it.
a desk lamp next to it.
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na to što je student upalio
stolnu lampu pored njega.
stolnu lampu pored njega.
04:55
So I think you can imagine
all the cool things that we could do
all the cool things that we could do
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Tako da mislim da možete zamisliti
sve super stvari koje možemo učiniti
sve super stvari koje možemo učiniti
04:59
with robots that can run and crawl
and jump and roll at this size scale.
and jump and roll at this size scale.
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s robotima koji mogu trčati i puzati
i skakati i kotrljati se na ovoj veličini.
i skakati i kotrljati se na ovoj veličini.
05:03
Imagine the rubble that you get after
a natural disaster like an earthquake.
a natural disaster like an earthquake.
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Zamislite krš koji dobijete
nakon prirodne katastrofe poput potresa.
nakon prirodne katastrofe poput potresa.
05:07
Imagine these small robots
running through that rubble
running through that rubble
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Zamislite te male robote
kako trče kroz taj krš
kako trče kroz taj krš
05:10
to look for survivors.
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tražeći preživjele.
05:12
Or imagine a lot of small robots
running around a bridge
running around a bridge
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Ili zamislite puno malih robota
kako trče oko mosta
kako trče oko mosta
05:15
in order to inspect it
and make sure it's safe
and make sure it's safe
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kako bi ga pregledali i
utvrdili da je siguran
utvrdili da je siguran
05:17
so you don't get collapses like this,
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tako da vam se ne dogode rušenja
poput ovoga,
poput ovoga,
05:19
which happened outside of
Minneapolis in 2007.
Minneapolis in 2007.
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koje se dogodilo izvan Minneapolisa
u 2007.
u 2007.
05:23
Or just imagine what you could do
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Ili zamislite što biste mogli učiniti
05:25
if you had robots that could
swim through your blood.
swim through your blood.
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kada bi vam roboti mogli
plivati kroz krv.
plivati kroz krv.
05:27
Right? "Fantastic Voyage," Isaac Asimov.
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Zar ne?
"Fantastično putovanje", Isaac Asimov.
"Fantastično putovanje", Isaac Asimov.
05:30
Or they could operate without having
to cut you open in the first place.
to cut you open in the first place.
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Ili bi vas mogli operirati
bez da vas razrežu.
bez da vas razrežu.
05:34
Or we could radically change
the way we build things
the way we build things
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Ili bi mogli radikalno promijeniti
način gradnje
način gradnje
05:37
if we have our tiny robots
work the same way that termites do,
work the same way that termites do,
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ako imamo malene robote
koji rade kao termiti,
koji rade kao termiti,
05:40
and they build these incredible
eight-meter-high mounds,
eight-meter-high mounds,
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i grade ove nevjerojatne
osam metarske humke,
osam metarske humke,
05:43
effectively well ventilated
apartment buildings for other termites
apartment buildings for other termites
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učinkovito prozračene
stanove za druge termite
stanove za druge termite
05:47
in Africa and Australia.
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u Africi i Australiji.
05:49
So I think I've given you
some of the possibilities
some of the possibilities
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Mislim da sam vam dala neke od mogućnosti
05:51
of what we can do with these small robots.
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onoga što možemo činiti
s ovim malim robotima.
s ovim malim robotima.
05:54
And we've made some advances so far,
but there's still a long way to go,
but there's still a long way to go,
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I napravili smo neke napretke do sada,
ali još je dug put pred nama,
ali još je dug put pred nama,
05:58
and hopefully some of you
can contribute to that destination.
can contribute to that destination.
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i nadam se da će neki od vas doprinjeti
tome cilju.
tome cilju.
06:01
Thanks very much.
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Hvala vam puno.
(Pljesak)
06:03
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Bergbreiter - MicroroboticistSarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height.
Why you should listen
Sarah Bergbreiter runs the Maryland Microrobotics Laboratory at the University of Maryland, where she develops innovative technologies that could advance medicine, consumer electronics and other sciences. She joined the university in 2008 as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering.
Having received her B.S.E degree in electrical engineering from Princeton, she worked on her M.S. and Ph.D. at Berkeley, which is where she focused on microrobotics. She has received multiple awards for her work, including the DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2008 and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists in 2013.
Sarah Bergbreiter | Speaker | TED.com