TED2003
Sherwin Nuland: The extraordinary power of ordinary people
Sherwin Nuland o nadi
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Kirurg i pisac Sherwin Nuland razmišlja o ideji nade -- želji da postanemo bolji dio sebe samih i učinimo svijet boljim. Ovo su promišljenih 12 minuta koji će vam pomoći da se usredotočite na put koji predstoji.
Sherwin Nuland - Doctor
A practicing surgeon for three decades, Sherwin Nuland witnessed life and death in every variety. Then he turned to writing, exploring what there is to people beyond just anatomy. Full bio
A practicing surgeon for three decades, Sherwin Nuland witnessed life and death in every variety. Then he turned to writing, exploring what there is to people beyond just anatomy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You know, I am so bad at tech
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Znate, tako sam loš s tehnologijom
00:17
that my daughter -- who is now 41 --
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da sam čuo svoju kćer – sada joj je 41 godina --
00:19
when she was five, was overheard by me
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kad je imala pet godina
00:22
to say to a friend of hers,
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kako kaže svom prijatelju,
00:24
If it doesn't bleed when you cut it,
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Ako ne krvari kad ga zarežeš,
00:26
my daddy doesn't understand it.
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moj tata to ne razumije.
00:28
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:29
So, the assignment I've been given
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Pa bi zadatak koji sam dobio
00:31
may be an insuperable obstacle for me,
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mogao biti nepremostiva prepreka za mene,
00:33
but I'm certainly going to try.
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ali ću svakako pokušati.
00:36
What have I heard
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Što sam čuo
00:38
during these last four days?
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u protekla četiri dana?
00:41
This is my third visit to TED.
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Ovo je moja treća posjeta TED-u.
00:43
One was to TEDMED, and one, as you've heard,
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Jednom sam bio na TEDMED-u, a jednom, kao što ste čuli,
00:45
was a regular TED two years ago.
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na standardnom TED događaju prije dvije godine.
00:47
I've heard what I consider an extraordinary thing
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Čuo sam nešto što smatram izuzetnim,
00:50
that I've only heard a little bit in the two previous TEDs,
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a o čemu sam slušao samo malo na dva prethodna TED-a,
00:54
and what that is is an interweaving
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a to je preplitanje,
00:57
and an interlarding, an intermixing,
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povezivanje, miješanje,
01:00
of a sense of social responsibility
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osjećaja društvene odgovornosti
01:03
in so many of the talks --
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s temom tolikih govora --
01:06
global responsibility, in fact,
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globalnom odgovornosti, zapravo,
01:09
appealing to enlightened self-interest,
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koja upućuje poziv prosvijetljenom osobnom interesu,
01:13
but it goes far beyond enlightened self-interest.
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ali i daleko nadmašuje prosvijetljeni osobni interes.
01:17
One of the most impressive things
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Jedna od najimpresivnijih stvari
01:19
about what some, perhaps 10,
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o kojoj je više, možda 10,
01:22
of the speakers have been talking about
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govornika pričalo
01:25
is the realization, as you listen to them carefully, that they're not saying:
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je shvaćanje, kada ih pažljivo slušate, da oni ne kažu:
01:28
Well, this is what we should do; this is what I would like you to do.
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Evo što bismo trebali učiniti; ovo je ono što bih želio da učinite.
01:31
It's: This is what I have done
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Nego: evo što sam ja učinio
01:33
because I'm excited by it,
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jer je to uzbudljivo,
01:35
because it's a wonderful thing, and it's done something for me
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jer je to divna stvar, jer sam time nešto dobio
01:38
and, of course, it's accomplished a great deal.
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i, naravno, postigao sam time mnogo.
01:41
It's the old concept, the real Greek concept,
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Stari je to koncept, pravi grčki koncept,
01:44
of philanthropy in its original sense:
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filantropije u izvornom obliku:
01:48
phil-anthropy, the love of humankind.
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philan-thropia: ljubav za čovječanstvo.
01:51
And the only explanation I can have
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I jedino objašnjenje koje mogu dati
01:53
for some of what you've been hearing in the last four days
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za to što ste slušali u protekla četiri dana
01:56
is that it arises, in fact, out of a form of love.
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je da to dolazi iz nekog oblika ljubavi.
02:00
And this gives me enormous hope.
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A to mi pruža silnu nadu.
02:03
And hope, of course, is the topic
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A nada je, naravno, tema
02:05
that I'm supposed to be speaking about,
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o kojoj bih trebao govoriti,
02:07
which I'd completely forgotten about until I arrived.
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a koju sam posve zaboravio prije nego što sam stigao.
02:11
And when I did, I thought,
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A zatim sam pomislio,
02:13
well, I'd better look this word up in the dictionary.
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pa, bilo bi bolje da potražim tu riječ u rječniku.
02:16
So, Sarah and I -- my wife -- walked over to the public library,
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Pa smo Sarah i ja – moja supruga – prošetali do javne knjižnice
02:19
which is four blocks away, on Pacific Street, and we got the OED,
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koja je četiri ulice daleko, u ulici Pacific Street, i uzeli smo Oxfordov rječnik,
02:23
and we looked in there, and there are 14 definitions of hope,
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zavirili u njega i pronašli 14 definicija za nadu,
02:27
none of which really hits you
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ali vas se nijedna ne dojmi
02:30
between the eyes as being the appropriate one.
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kao prikladna.
02:33
And, of course, that makes sense,
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Naravno, to ima smisla,
02:35
because hope is an abstract phenomenon; it's an abstract idea,
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jer je nada apstraktan fenomen; ona je apstraktna ideja,
02:38
it's not a concrete word.
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a ne konkretna riječ.
02:41
Well, it reminds me a little bit of surgery.
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Podsjeća me malo na kirurgiju.
02:44
If there's one operation for a disease, you know it works.
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Ako postoji jedna operacija za neku bolest, znate da to djeluje.
02:48
If there are 15 operations, you know that none of them work.
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Ako imate 15 operacija, znate da nijedna ne djeluje.
02:50
And that's the way it is with definitions of words.
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A tako je i s definicijama riječi.
02:53
If you have appendicitis, they take your appendix out, and you're cured.
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Ako imate upalu slijepog crijeva, izvadite slijepo crijevo i izliječeni ste.
02:57
If you've got reflux oesophagitis, there are 15 procedures,
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No ako imate reflux oesophagitis, postoji 15 postupaka,
03:00
and Joe Schmo does it one way
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i Joe Schmo to radi na jedan način,
03:02
and Will Blow does it another way,
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Will Blow na drugi,
03:04
and none of them work, and that's the way it is with this word, hope.
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i nijedan ne djeluje, a tako je i s riječju nada.
03:07
They all come down to the idea of an expectation
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Sve se svode na očekivanje
03:10
of something good that is due to happen.
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nečega dobroga što se treba dogoditi.
03:13
And you know what I found out?
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A znate što sam ja otkrio?
03:15
The Indo-European root of the word hope
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Indoeuropski korijen riječi nada
03:18
is a stem, K-E-U --
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je osnova, K-E-U --
03:20
we would spell it K-E-U; it's pronounced koy --
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mi bismo je pisali kao K-E-U; a izgovara se koj --
03:25
and it is the same root from which the word curve comes from.
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i to je isti korijen iz kojeg je nastala i riječ krivulja.
03:29
But what it means in the original Indo-European
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No, ono što to na izvornom indoeuropskom znači je
03:33
is a change in direction, going in a different way.
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promjena smjera, kretanje u različitom smjeru.
03:37
And I find that very interesting and very provocative,
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I meni je to vrlo zanimljivo i provokativno,
03:40
because what you've been hearing in the last couple of days
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jer je ono što ste slušali posljednjih dana
03:43
is the sense of going in different directions:
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na određeni način pokret u drugim smjerovima:
03:47
directions that are specific and unique to problems.
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pravcima koji su konkretni i jedinstveni za određeni problem.
03:50
There are different paradigms.
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Postoje različite paradigme.
03:52
You've heard that word several times in the last four days,
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Nekoliko puta ste čuli tu riječ u zadnja četiri dana,
03:54
and everyone's familiar with Kuhnian paradigms.
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i svi ste upoznati s Kuhnovskim paradigmama.
03:57
So, when we think of hope now,
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Pa kad sad razmišljamo o nadi,
03:59
we have to think of looking in other directions
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moramo razmišljati o gledanju u smjerovima
04:02
than we have been looking.
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drugačijim od onih u koje smo gledali.
04:05
There's another -- not definition, but description, of hope
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Postoji još jedna – ne definicija, već opis nade
04:08
that has always appealed to me, and it was one by Václav Havel
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koji mi se uvijek sviđao, od Václava Havela
04:12
in his perfectly spectacular book "Breaking the Peace,"
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u njegovoj savršeno spektakularnoj knjizi "Slamanje mira"
04:16
in which he says that hope
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u kojoj on kaže da se nada
04:18
does not consist of the expectation that things will
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ne sastoji od očekivanja da će stvari
04:21
come out exactly right,
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ispasti baš kako treba,
04:23
but the expectation that they will make sense
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već od očekivanja da će imati smisla
04:26
regardless of how they come out.
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bez obzira na to kako ispadnu.
04:29
I can't tell you how reassured I was
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Ne mogu vam opisati koliko sam ohrabren bio
04:32
by the very last sentence
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posljednjom rečenicom
04:35
in that glorious presentation by Dean Kamen a few days ago.
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u sjajnoj prezentaciji Deana Kamena otprije nekoliko dana.
04:40
I wasn't sure I heard it right,
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Nisam bio siguran da sam dobro čuo,
04:42
so I found him in one of the inter-sessions.
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pa sam ga potražio u jednoj od pauza.
04:46
He was talking to a very large man, but I didn't care.
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Pričao je s vrlo krupnim čovjekom, ali nisam mario.
04:49
I interrupted, and I said, "Did you say this?"
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Prekinuo sam i upitao: "Jeste li to rekli?"
04:51
He said, "I think so."
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On je rekao: "Mislim da jesam."
04:53
So, here's what it is: I'll repeat it.
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Pa, evo što je rekao: ponovit ću.
04:55
"The world will not be saved by the Internet."
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"Internet neće spasiti svijet."
04:59
It's wonderful. Do you know what the world will be saved by?
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To je prekrasno. Znate li što će spasiti svijet?
05:03
I'll tell you. It'll be saved by the human spirit.
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Reći ću vam. Svijet će spasiti ljudski duh.
05:05
And by the human spirit, I don't mean anything divine,
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A pod ljudskim duhom ne mislim ništa božanski,
05:08
I don't mean anything supernatural --
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ne mislim ništa nadnaravno --
05:10
certainly not coming from this skeptic.
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svakako ne od ovog skeptika.
05:14
What I mean is this ability
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Mislim na sposobnost
05:16
that each of us has
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koju ima svatko od nas
05:18
to be something greater than herself or himself;
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a to je da bude nešto veće od sebe;
05:24
to arise out of our ordinary selves and achieve something
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da se izdigne iznad svog običnog ja i postigne nešto
05:28
that at the beginning we thought perhaps we were not capable of.
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što smo na početku mislili da nismo u stanju.
05:32
On an elemental level, we have all felt
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Na elementarnoj razini, svi smo osjetili
05:35
that spirituality at the time of childbirth.
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tu duhovnost u vrijeme rođenja.
05:38
Some of you have felt it in laboratories;
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Neki među vama su je osjetili u laboratorijima;
05:40
some of you have felt it at the workbench.
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neki su je osjetili na radnoj klupi.
05:42
We feel it at concerts.
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Osjećamo je na koncertima.
05:44
I've felt it in the operating room, at the bedside.
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Osjetio sam je u operacijskoj dvorani, uz postelju.
05:47
It is an elevation of us beyond ourselves.
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Ona je rast iznad nas samih.
05:50
And I think that it's going to be, in time,
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I mislim kako će to biti, s vremenom,
05:54
the elements of the human spirit that we've been hearing about
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elementi ljudskog duha o kojima smo slušali
05:58
bit by bit by bit from so many of the speakers in the last few days.
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dio po dio po dio od toliko govornika posljednjih dana.
06:03
And if there's anything that has permeated this room,
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I ako je išta natopilo ovu prostoriju,
06:07
it is precisely that.
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onda je to baš to.
06:10
I'm intrigued by
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Intrigira me
06:13
a concept that was brought to life
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koncept kojega je stvorio
06:16
in the early part of the 19th century --
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rano u 19. stoljeću --
06:18
actually, in the second decade of the 19th century --
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zapravo, u drugom desetljeću 19. stoljeća --
06:22
by a 27-year-old poet
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27-godišnji pjesnik
06:25
whose name was Percy Shelley.
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po imenu Percy Shelley.
06:27
Now, we all think that Shelley
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Sad, svi smatramo da je Shelley
06:29
obviously is the great romantic poet that he was;
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veliki romantični pjesnik što on i jest;
06:32
many of us tend to forget that he wrote
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mnogi su skloni zaboraviti da je napisao
06:37
some perfectly wonderful essays, too,
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i neke savršeno divne eseje,
06:40
and the most well-remembered essay
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a najpoznatiji esej
06:43
is one called "A Defence of Poetry."
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je "Obrana poezije".
06:47
Now, it's about five, six, seven, eight pages long,
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On je nekih pet, šest, sedam, osam stranica dug,
06:50
and it gets kind of deep and difficult after about the third page,
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i postaje nekako dubok i težak nakon treće stranice,
06:53
but somewhere on the second page
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ali negdje na drugoj stranici
06:57
he begins talking about the notion
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on počinje pričati o ideji
07:01
that he calls "moral imagination."
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koju naziva "moralna mašta".
07:06
And here's what he says, roughly translated:
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I evo što kaže, u grubom prijevodu:
07:11
A man -- generic man --
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Čovjek – obični čovjek --
07:15
a man, to be greatly good,
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čovjek da bi bio velik u dobroti,
07:18
must imagine clearly.
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mora jasno zamišljati.
07:21
He must see himself and the world
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Mora vidjeti sebe i svijet
07:26
through the eyes of another,
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kroz oči drugoga,
07:29
and of many others.
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kroz oči mnogih drugih.
07:34
See himself and the world -- not just the world, but see himself.
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Vidjeti sebe i svijet – ne samo svijet, već i sebe.
07:40
What is it that is expected of us
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Što to od nas očekuju
07:43
by the billions of people
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milijarde ljudi
07:46
who live in what Laurie Garrett the other day
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koji žive u onome što je Laurie Garrett neki dan
07:49
so appropriately called
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tako prikladno nazvala
07:51
despair and disparity?
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očaj i nejednakost?
07:53
What is it that they have every right
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Što je to što imaju svako pravo
07:57
to ask of us?
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zahtijevati od nas?
07:59
What is it that we have every right to ask of ourselves,
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Što je to što mi imamo svako pravo tražiti od sebe,
08:03
out of our shared humanity and out of the human spirit?
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zbog zajedničke ljudskosti i zbog ljudskoga duha?
08:08
Well, you know precisely what it is.
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Pa, znate točno što je to.
08:11
There's a great deal of argument
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Vode se velike rasprave
08:13
about whether we, as the great nation that we are,
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o tome da li mi, kao velika nacija kakva jesmo,
08:17
should be the policeman of the world,
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trebamo biti svjetski policajac,
08:20
the world's constabulary,
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redarstvenik svijeta,
08:23
but there should be virtually no argument
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ali praktički ne bi trebalo biti nikakve rasprave
08:27
about whether we should be the world's healer.
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o tome trebamo li biti iscjelitelji svijeta.
08:32
There has certainly been no argument about that
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O tome se svakako nije prepiralo
08:35
in this room in the past four days.
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u ovoj sali u protekla četiri dana.
08:39
So, if we are to be the world's healer,
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Dakle, ako ćemo biti svjetski iscjelitelj,
08:42
every disadvantaged person in this world --
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svaka ugrožena osoba na svijetu --
08:45
including in the United States -- becomes our patient.
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uključujući one u Sjedinjenim Državama – postaje naš pacijent.
08:50
Every disadvantaged nation, and perhaps our own nation,
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Svaka ugrožena nacija, možda i naša vlastita,
08:54
becomes our patient.
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postaje naš pacijent.
08:57
So, it's fun to think about the etymology of the word "patient."
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Pa je zabavno razmišljati o etimologiji riječi "pacijent".
09:02
It comes initially from the Latin patior, to endure, or to suffer.
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Izvorno dolazi od latinskog patior, izdržati, ili trpjeti.
09:11
So, you go back to the old Indo-European root again,
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Pa se vratite opet do indoeuropskih korijena,
09:14
and what do you find? The Indo-European stem is pronounced payen --
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i otkrijete da se indoeuropska osnova kaže pejen --
09:18
we would spell it P-A-E-N -- and, lo and behold, mirabile dictu,
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napisali bismo to P-A-E-N -- i, mirabili dictu,
09:23
it is the same root as the word compassion comes from, P-A-E-N.
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korijen je isti kao kod riječi suosjećanje, P-A-E-N.
09:29
So, the lesson is very clear. The lesson is that our patient --
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Lekcija je vrlo jasna. Ona kaže da naš pacijent --
09:34
the world, and the disadvantaged of the world --
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svijet, i ugroženi u svijetu --
09:38
that patient deserves our compassion.
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ti pacijenti zaslužuju naše suosjećanje.
09:43
But beyond our compassion, and far greater than compassion,
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Ali i više od suosjećanja, puno više od suosjećanja
09:46
is our moral imagination
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je naša moralna mašta
09:48
and our identification with each individual
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i naše identificiranje sa svakim pojedincem
09:52
who lives in that world,
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koji živi u tom svijetu,
09:55
not to think of them as a huge forest,
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kako ne bismo o njima mislili kao o ogromnoj šumi,
09:59
but as individual trees.
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nego kao o zasebnom drveću.
10:02
Of course, in this day and age, the trick is not to let each tree
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Naravno, u naše doba trik je ne dopustiti da svako drvo
10:06
be obscured by that Bush in Washington that can get --
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bude zaklonjeno tim Bushem (bush = grm) u Washingtonu koji --
10:10
can get in the way.
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se može naći između.
10:12
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
10:14
So, here we are.
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Evo tu smo.
10:16
We are, should be,
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Mi smo, trebali bismo biti,
10:19
morally committed to
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moralno predani tome
10:22
being the healer of the world.
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da budemo iscjelitelji svijeta.
10:26
And we have had examples over and over and over again --
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A čuli smo primjere, i opet, i opet --
10:30
you've just heard one in the last 15 minutes --
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čuli ste jedan u zadnjih 15 minuta --
10:34
of people who have not only had that commitment,
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o ljudima koji nisu samo bili predani,
10:38
but had the charisma, the brilliance --
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već imaju karizmu i briljantni su --
10:40
and I think in this room it's easy to use the word brilliant, my God --
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a u ovoj prostoriji mislim da je lako koristiti riječ briljantan, zaboga --
10:44
the brilliance to succeed at least at the beginning
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briljantnost da uspiju barem na početku
10:48
of their quest,
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njihove potrage,
10:50
and who no doubt will continue to succeed,
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i koji će nedvojbeno nastaviti uspijevati,
10:53
as long as more and more of us enlist ourselves in their cause.
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sve dok se sve više i više nas ne pridruži njihovom cilju.
10:58
Now, if we're talking
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Sad, ako govorimo
11:01
about medicine,
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o medicini,
11:03
and we're talking about healing,
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a govorimo o liječenju,
11:06
I'd like to quote someone who hasn't been quoted.
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volio bih citirati nekoga koga još nismo citirali.
11:10
It seems to me everybody in the world's been quoted here:
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Čini mi se da smo svakoga na svijetu ovdje citirali:
11:12
Pogo's been quoted;
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Citirali smo Pogoa;
11:14
Shakespeare's been quoted backwards, forwards, inside out.
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Shakespearea smo citirali naprijed, nazad i naopačke.
11:18
I would like to quote one of my own household gods.
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Volio bih citirati jednoga od mojih kućnih bogova.
11:21
I suspect he never really said this,
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Pretpostavljam da nikada ovo nije stvarno rekao,
11:24
because we don't know what Hippocrates really said,
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jer ne znamo što je Hipokrat zaista rekao,
11:27
but we do know for sure that one of the great Greek physicians
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ali znamo sigurno da je jedan od velikih grčkih liječnika
11:30
said the following,
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rekao sljedeće,
11:33
and it has been recorded in one of the books attributed to Hippocrates,
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a to je zabilježeno u jednoj od knjiga pripisanih Hipokratu,
11:36
and the book is called "Precepts."
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knjizi pod nazivom "Pravila".
11:38
And I'll read you what it is.
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Pročitat ću vam što je to.
11:41
Remember, I have been talking about,
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Sjetite se, u suštini,
11:44
essentially philanthropy:
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govorio sam o filantropiji:
11:46
the love of humankind, the individual humankind
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ljubavi za čovječanstvo, za pojedine ljude
11:51
and the individual humankind
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a to je ono
11:53
that can bring that kind of love
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što može donijeti ljubav
11:55
translated into action,
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koja se pretvara u djelovanje,
11:58
translated, in some cases, into enlightened self-interest.
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koja prelazi, ponekad, u prosvijetljeni osobni interes.
12:01
And here he is, 2,400 years ago:
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Evo citata, otprije 2400 godina:
12:06
"Where there is love of humankind,
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"Gdje postoji ljubav za čovječanstvo,
12:10
there is love of healing."
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postoji i ljubav za liječenje."
12:13
We have seen that here today
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Vidjeli smo to danas ovdje
12:16
with the sense,
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s osjećajem,
12:18
with the sensitivity --
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s osjećajnošću --
12:21
and in the last three days,
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kao i u posljednja tri dana,
12:23
and with the power of the indomitable human spirit.
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i sa snagom nepokorivog ljudskog duha.
12:27
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
12:29
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sherwin Nuland - DoctorA practicing surgeon for three decades, Sherwin Nuland witnessed life and death in every variety. Then he turned to writing, exploring what there is to people beyond just anatomy.
Why you should listen
Sherwin Nuland was a practicing surgeon for 30 years and treated more than 10,000 patients -- then became an author and speaker on topics no smaller than life and death, our minds, our morality, aging and the human spirit.
His 1994 book How We Die: Reflections of Life's Final Chapter demythologizes the process of dying. Through stories of real patients and his own family, he examines the seven most common causes of death: old age, cancer, AIDS, Alzheimer's, accidents, heart disease and stroke, and their effects. The book, one of more than a dozen he wrote, won the National Book Award, was a finalist for the Pultizer Prize, and spent 34 weeks on the New York Times best-seller list. Other books include How We Live, The Art of Aging: A Doctor's Prescription for Well-Being; and The Soul of Medicine: Tales from the Bedside.
Sherwin Nuland | Speaker | TED.com