Serious Play 2008
Stuart Brown: Play is more than just fun
Stuart Brown: Igra je puno više od puke zabave
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Pionir u istraživanjima igre, dr. Stuart Brown, kaže da su humor, socijalne i fizičke igre, flert i fantazija puno više od puke zabave. Obilje igre u djetinjstvu čini sretne, pametne odrasle osobe - a održavanje toga može nas učiniti pametnijima u bilo kojoj dobi.
Stuart Brown - Play researcher, psychiatrist
Stuart Brown's research shows play is not just joyful and energizing -- it's deeply involved with human development and intelligence. Through the National Institute for Play, he's working to better understand its significance. Full bio
Stuart Brown's research shows play is not just joyful and energizing -- it's deeply involved with human development and intelligence. Through the National Institute for Play, he's working to better understand its significance. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So, here we go: a flyby of play.
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Dakle, krećemo: letimični pogled na igru.
00:19
It's got to be serious if the New York Times
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Mora biti ozbiljno ako New York Times,
00:23
puts a cover story of their February 17th Sunday magazine about play.
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na naslovnici svog tjednika od 17. 2.
objavljuje priču o igri.
objavljuje priču o igri.
00:29
At the bottom of this, it says, "It's deeper than gender.
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Pri dnu piše: "Složenije je
od rodnog pitanja.
od rodnog pitanja.
00:34
Seriously, but dangerously fun.
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Izuzetno, ali opasno zabavna.
00:38
And a sandbox for new ideas about evolution."
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I pješčanik novih ideja o evoluciji."
Nije loše, osim ako pogledate
naslovnicu, što nedostaje?
naslovnicu, što nedostaje?
00:43
Not bad, except if you look at that cover, what's missing?
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00:47
You see any adults?
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Vidite li ikog odraslog?
00:50
Well, lets go back to the 15th century.
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No, vratimo se u 15. stoljeće.
00:54
This is a courtyard in Europe,
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Ovo je gradski trg u Europi,
a tu su i 124 različite vrste igara.
00:57
and a mixture of 124 different kinds of play.
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01:01
All ages, solo play, body play, games, taunting.
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Sve dobi, samostalna igra, fizičke
i društvene igre, zadirkivanje.
i društvene igre, zadirkivanje.
01:07
And there it is. And I think this is a typical picture
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To je to. Mislim da je ovo tipična slika
01:12
of what it was like in a courtyard then.
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gradskog trga iz tog vremena.
01:16
I think we may have lost something in our culture.
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Mislim da smo možda
izgubili nešto u našoj kulturi.
izgubili nešto u našoj kulturi.
01:20
So I'm gonna take you through
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Zato ću vas provesti kroz
01:23
what I think is a remarkable sequence.
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jedno izuzetno događanje.
01:27
North of Churchill, Manitoba, in October and November,
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Sjeverno od Churchilla, Manitoba,
u listopadu i studenom
u listopadu i studenom
01:30
there's no ice on Hudson Bay.
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nema leda na zaljevu Hudson.
01:32
And this polar bear that you see, this 1200-pound male,
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A ovaj polarni medvjed kojeg vidite,
ovaj mužjak od 550 kg
ovaj mužjak od 550 kg
01:35
he's wild and fairly hungry.
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divlji je i poprilično gladan.
01:39
And Norbert Rosing, a German photographer,
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Tu je i Norbert Rosing, njemački fotograf,
01:42
is there on scene, making a series of photos of these huskies, who are tethered.
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snima seriju fotografija
ovih haskija privezanih lancem.
ovih haskija privezanih lancem.
01:49
And from out of stage left comes this wild, male polar bear,
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Slijeva stiže mužjak polarnog medvjeda,
01:53
with a predatory gaze.
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grabežljivog pogleda.
01:56
Any of you who've been to Africa or had a junkyard dog come after you,
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Bili vi u Africi
ili s lutalicom za petama,
ili s lutalicom za petama,
to je taj kruti grabežljivi pogled
02:01
there is a fixed kind of predatory gaze
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koji vam kaže da ste u nevolji.
02:04
that you know you're in trouble.
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02:06
But on the other side of that predatory gaze
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A nasuprot tom grabežljivom pogledu
02:08
is a female husky in a play bow, wagging her tail.
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je razigrana ženka haskija i maše repom.
02:13
And something very unusual happens.
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I događa se nešto jako neobično.
02:17
That fixed behavior -- which is rigid and stereotyped
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To se kruto i stereotipno ponašanje -
02:20
and ends up with a meal -- changes.
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koje bi završilo obrokom - mijenja.
02:24
And this polar bear
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A ovaj polarni medvjed
02:26
stands over the husky,
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stoji iznad haskija,
02:29
no claws extended, no fangs taking a look.
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uvučenih kandži i očnjaka, i promatra.
02:33
And they begin an incredible ballet.
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I započinju nevjerojatni balet.
Baletom igre.
02:40
A play ballet.
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02:41
This is in nature: it overrides a carnivorous nature
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To je u prirodi jače od mesožderske ćudi
02:45
and what otherwise would have been a short fight to the death.
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i inače neminovne kratke borbe do smrti.
02:49
And if you'll begin to look closely at the husky that's bearing her throat to the polar bear,
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Vidite haskija kako medvjedu izlaže vrat,
02:55
and look a little more closely, they're in an altered state.
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a pogledate li pomnije, stanje se mijenja.
02:59
They're in a state of play.
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Oni su u stanju igre.
03:02
And it's that state
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A upravo to stanje
03:05
that allows these two creatures to explore the possible.
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omogućava da ovo dvoje istraže moguće.
03:09
They are beginning to do something that neither would have done
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Počinju ono što
nijedno od njih ne bi učinilo
nijedno od njih ne bi učinilo
03:12
without the play signals.
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bez signala za igru.
03:16
And it is a marvelous example
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A to je divan primjer
03:19
of how a differential in power
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kako se razlika u moći
03:22
can be overridden by a process of nature that's within all of us.
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može poništiti prirodnim procesom
prisutnim u svima nama.
prisutnim u svima nama.
03:26
Now how did I get involved in this?
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Kako sam se počeo time baviti?
03:29
John mentioned that I've done some work with murderers, and I have.
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John je spomenuo da sam se
bavio ubojicama, i jesam.
bavio ubojicama, i jesam.
03:32
The Texas Tower murderer opened my eyes,
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Ubojica s tornja Teksaškog sveučilišta
otvorio mi je oči,
otvorio mi je oči,
03:35
in retrospect, when we studied his tragic mass murder,
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kada smo proučavali
njegovo tragično masovno ubojstvo,
njegovo tragično masovno ubojstvo,
03:40
to the importance of play,
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obzirom na važnost igre.
03:42
in that that individual, by deep study,
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Temeljitim proučavanjem,
kod ove smo osobe otkrili
kod ove smo osobe otkrili
03:45
was found to have severe play deprivation.
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da je bio radikalno lišavan igre.
03:47
Charles Whitman was his name.
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Zvao se Charles Whitman.
03:49
And our committee, which consisted of a lot of hard scientists,
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Naš je konzilij, s brojnim
renomiranim znanstvenicima,
renomiranim znanstvenicima,
03:52
did feel at the end of that study
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na kraju te studije stekao dojam
03:54
that the absence of play and a progressive suppression of developmentally normal play
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da su ga odsutnost igre i progresivno
potiskivanje razvojno normalne igre,
potiskivanje razvojno normalne igre,
04:00
led him to be more vulnerable to the tragedy that he perpetrated.
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učinili sklonijim počiniti ovu tragediju.
04:05
And that finding has stood the test of time --
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A to je otkriće izdržalo test vremena,
04:09
unfortunately even into more recent times, at Virginia Tech.
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nažalost, čak i nedavno, na
Politehničkom fakultetu u Virginiji.
Politehničkom fakultetu u Virginiji.
04:13
And other studies of populations at risk
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I druga istraživanja rizičnih populacija
04:16
sensitized me to the importance of play,
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ukazivala su mi na važnost igranja,
04:20
but I didn't really understand what it was.
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no nisam stvarno shvaćao
o čemu se radilo.
o čemu se radilo.
04:22
And it was many years in taking play histories of individuals
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Godinama sam bilježio
anamneze igranja pojedinaca,
anamneze igranja pojedinaca,
04:27
before I really began to recognize that I didn't really have a full understanding of it.
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sve dok nisam počeo shvaćati da to
doista nisam potpuno razumio.
doista nisam potpuno razumio.
04:33
And I don't think any of us has a full understanding of it, by any means.
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I mislim da to ionako nitko od nas
potpuno ne razumije.
potpuno ne razumije.
04:37
But there are ways of looking at it
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Ali postoje različita gledišta
04:39
that I think can give you -- give us all a taxonomy, a way of thinking about it.
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koja mogu dati taksonomiju,
način razmišljanja o tome.
način razmišljanja o tome.
04:44
And this image is, for humans, the beginning point of play.
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A za ljude je ova slika
početna točka igranja.
početna točka igranja.
04:49
When that mother and infant lock eyes,
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Kad se ta majka i ta beba
gledaju oči u oči,
gledaju oči u oči,
i kada beba dovoljno poraste
da može komunicirati osmijehom,
da može komunicirati osmijehom,
04:52
and the infant's old enough to have a social smile,
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ono što se spontano događa
je provala radosti kod majke.
je provala radosti kod majke.
04:55
what happens -- spontaneously -- is the eruption of joy on the part of the mother.
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04:59
And she begins to babble and coo and smile, and so does the baby.
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I ona počinje brbljati, gugutati
i smiješiti se, kao i beba.
i smiješiti se, kao i beba.
05:03
If we've got them wired up with an electroencephalogram,
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Ako bismo ih priključili
na elektroencefalogram,
na elektroencefalogram,
05:07
the right brain of each of them becomes attuned,
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njihove bi desne strane mozga
postale usklađene,
postale usklađene,
05:12
so that the joyful emergence of this earliest of play scenes
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tako da je pojava ove,
jedne od najranijih situacija igre,
jedne od najranijih situacija igre,
05:17
and the physiology of that is something we're beginning to get a handle on.
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kao i njena fiziologija, nešto što
tek počinjemo razumijevati.
tek počinjemo razumijevati.
05:22
And I'd like you to think that every bit of more complex play
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Za nas ljude svaki se element
neke složenije igre
neke složenije igre
05:26
builds on this base for us humans.
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nadograđuje na ovu osnovu.
05:30
And so now I'm going to take you through sort of a way of looking at play,
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Pokazat ću vam jedan
od načina gledanja na igru,
od načina gledanja na igru,
05:34
but it's never just singularly one thing.
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ali to nikada nije samo
jedna jedina stvar.
jedna jedina stvar.
05:38
We're going to look at body play,
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Osvrnut ćemo se na fizičku igru,
05:41
which is a spontaneous desire to get ourselves out of gravity.
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koja predstavlja spontanu želju
da izbjegnemo ozbiljnost.
da izbjegnemo ozbiljnost.
05:47
This is a mountain goat.
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Ovo je divokoza.
Ako imate loš dan, pokušajte ovo:
05:49
If you're having a bad day, try this:
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skačite gore-dolje, migoljite se
- osjećat ćete se bolje.
- osjećat ćete se bolje.
05:51
jump up and down, wiggle around -- you're going to feel better.
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A možda ćete se osjećati kao ovaj lik,
05:54
And you may feel like this character,
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koji to radi bez nekog
posebnog razloga.
posebnog razloga.
05:56
who is also just doing it for its own sake.
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05:59
It doesn't have a particular purpose, and that's what's great about play.
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Nema naročitu svrhu,
i baš to igru čini sjajnom.
i baš to igru čini sjajnom.
06:02
If its purpose is more important
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Ako je svrha važnija
06:05
than the act of doing it, it's probably not play.
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od samog igranja,
onda to vjerojatno nije igra.
onda to vjerojatno nije igra.
06:08
And there's a whole other type of play, which is object play.
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Postoji i potpuno druga vrsta igre,
a to je igra objektima.
a to je igra objektima.
06:12
And this Japanese macaque has made a snowball,
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Ovaj je japanski makaki napravio grudu
06:15
and he or she's going to roll down a hill.
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i on ili ona će je zakotrljati niz brdo.
06:18
And -- they don't throw it at each other, but this is a fundamental part of being playful.
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Ne bacaju je jedan na drugog, već je
ovo osnovni element zaigranosti.
ovo osnovni element zaigranosti.
06:22
The human hand, in manipulation of objects,
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U manipulaciji predmetima,
06:26
is the hand in search of a brain;
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ljudska je ruka u potrazi za mozgom,
06:29
the brain is in search of a hand;
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mozak je u potrazi za rukom,
06:31
and play is the medium by which those two are linked in the best way.
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a igra je sredstvo koje ih
najbolje povezuje.
najbolje povezuje.
06:36
JPL we heard this morning -- JPL is an incredible place.
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Laboratorij za mlazni pogon
(JPL) je sjajno mjesto.
(JPL) je sjajno mjesto.
06:42
They have located two consultants,
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Našli su dva savjetnika,
06:45
Frank Wilson and Nate Johnson,
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Franka Wilsona i Natea Johnsona.
06:48
who are -- Frank Wilson is a neurologist, Nate Johnson is a mechanic.
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Frank Wilson je neurolog,
Nate Johnson je mehaničar.
Nate Johnson je mehaničar.
06:52
He taught mechanics in a high school in Long Beach,
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Podučavao je mehaničare
u srednjoj školi u Long Beachu
u srednjoj školi u Long Beachu
06:55
and found that his students were no longer able to solve problems.
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i otkrio da njegovi učenici
više ne znaju rješavati probleme.
više ne znaju rješavati probleme.
07:01
And he tried to figure out why. And he came to the conclusion, quite on his own,
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I pokušao je shvatiti zašto.
Sâm je došao do zaključka,
Sâm je došao do zaključka,
07:04
that the students who could no longer solve problems, such as fixing cars,
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da učenici koji nisu znali
rješavati popravke automobila,
rješavati popravke automobila,
07:08
hadn't worked with their hands.
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nisu radili svojim rukama.
07:10
Frank Wilson had written a book called "The Hand."
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Frank Wilson je napisao knjigu „Ruka”.
07:13
They got together -- JPL hired them.
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Sreli su se - JPL ih je zaposlio.
07:16
Now JPL, NASA and Boeing,
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JPL, NASA i Boeing, prije nego što
07:19
before they will hire a research and development problem solver --
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zaposle nekog na rješavanju
problema u istraživanju i razvoju,
problema u istraživanju i razvoju,
07:22
even if they're summa cum laude from Harvard or Cal Tech --
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čak i ako je to najbolji student
s Harvarda ili Cal Techa -
s Harvarda ili Cal Techa -
07:26
if they haven't fixed cars, haven't done stuff with their hands early in life,
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ako nije popravljao automobile,
ni u ranoj dobi radio rukama,
ni u ranoj dobi radio rukama,
07:29
played with their hands, they can't problem-solve as well.
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niti se igrao rukama, nije u stanju
problemski razmišljati.
problemski razmišljati.
07:32
So play is practical, and it's very important.
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Dakle, igra je praktična i vrlo je važna.
07:36
Now one of the things about play is that it is born by curiosity and exploration. (Laughter)
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A igra se rađa iz radoznalosti
i istraživanja. (Smijeh)
i istraživanja. (Smijeh)
07:42
But it has to be safe exploration.
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Ali to mora biti sigurno istraživanje.
Ovo je u redu -
dječak se zanima za anatomiju,
dječak se zanima za anatomiju,
07:45
This happens to be OK -- he's an anatomically interested little boy
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a ovo mu je mama. Druge situacije
ne bi bile baš tako dobre.
ne bi bile baš tako dobre.
07:48
and that's his mom. Other situations wouldn't be quite so good.
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No, radoznalost i istraživanje
su elementi igranja.
su elementi igranja.
07:52
But curiosity, exploration, are part of the play scene.
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07:55
If you want to belong, you need social play.
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Ako želite negdje pripadati,
trebate socijalnu igru.
trebate socijalnu igru.
07:58
And social play is part of what we're about here today,
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Socijalna igra je dio onoga
o čemu danas pričamo
o čemu danas pričamo
08:01
and is a byproduct of the play scene.
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i nusprodukt je igranja.
Fizička igra.
08:05
Rough and tumble play.
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Ove lavice izgledaju kao da se bore.
08:07
These lionesses, seen from a distance, looked like they were fighting.
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08:10
But if you look closely, they're kind of like the polar bear and husky:
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Pogledate li bolje, one su
poput polarnog medvjeda i haskija:
poput polarnog medvjeda i haskija:
08:13
no claws, flat fur, soft eyes,
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uvučene kandže, ravno krzno, blag pogled,
08:17
open mouth with no fangs, balletic movements,
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otvorena usta bez očnjaka,
lagani pokreti,
lagani pokreti,
08:20
curvilinear movements -- all specific to play.
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izvijeni pokreti - sve je to
karakteristično za igru.
karakteristično za igru.
08:23
And rough-and-tumble play is a great learning medium for all of us.
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A fizička igra je za sve nas
odlično sredstvo za učenje.
odlično sredstvo za učenje.
08:27
Preschool kids, for example, should be allowed to dive, hit, whistle,
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Predškolskoj bi djeci trebalo dozvoliti
skakanje, udaranje, zviždanje,
skakanje, udaranje, zviždanje,
08:31
scream, be chaotic, and develop through that a lot of emotional regulation
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vrištanje, kaotičnost, a kroz to
i razvoj emocionalne kontrole,
i razvoj emocionalne kontrole,
08:38
and a lot of the other social byproducts -- cognitive, emotional and physical --
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uz mnoge druge socijalne nusproizvode
- kognitivne, emocionalne i fizičke,
- kognitivne, emocionalne i fizičke,
08:43
that come as a part of rough and tumble play.
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koji su sastavni dio fizičke igre.
Igra gledatelja, rituala -
katkad sudjelujemo.
katkad sudjelujemo.
08:46
Spectator play, ritual play -- we're involved in some of that.
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Vi koji ste iz Bostona, znate
da je ovo bio trenutak - rijedak
da je ovo bio trenutak - rijedak
08:50
Those of you who are from Boston know that this was the moment -- rare --
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- kad su Red Soxi osvojili World Series.
08:54
where the Red Sox won the World Series.
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08:58
But take a look at the face and the body language of everybody
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Ali pogledajte samo lica
i govor tijela svih
i govor tijela svih
09:01
in this fuzzy picture, and you can get a sense that they're all at play.
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na ovoj mutnoj slici, i imat ćete
dojam da se svi oni igraju.
dojam da se svi oni igraju.
Igra mašte.
09:05
Imaginative play.
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09:06
I love this picture because my daughter, who's now almost 40, is in this picture,
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Volim ovu sliku moje kćeri,
sad joj je gotovo 40.
sad joj je gotovo 40.
09:11
but it reminds me of her storytelling and her imagination,
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Podsjeća me na njeno
pričanje priča i njenu maštu,
pričanje priča i njenu maštu,
09:15
her ability to spin yarns at this age -- preschool.
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njeno pripovjedačko umijeće
u toj predškolskoj dobi.
u toj predškolskoj dobi.
09:20
A really important part of being a player
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Zaista važan dio igranja
09:23
is imaginative solo play.
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je samostalna imaginativna igra.
09:26
And I love this one, because it's also what we're about.
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A volim i ovu jer isto tako
govori o tome tko smo.
govori o tome tko smo.
09:30
We all have an internal narrative that's our own inner story.
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Svi imamo svoju unutarnju naraciju,
našu vlastitu unutarnju priču.
našu vlastitu unutarnju priču.
09:34
The unit of intelligibility of most of our brains is the story.
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Priča je jedinica razumijevanja
najvećeg dijela našeg mozga.
najvećeg dijela našeg mozga.
09:39
I'm telling you a story today about play.
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Danas vam pričam priču o igri.
09:42
Well, this bushman, I think, is talking about the fish that got away that was that long,
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Ovaj Bušman, čini se,
govori o ovoliko dugačkoj ribi,
govori o ovoliko dugačkoj ribi,
09:47
but it's a fundamental part of the play scene.
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a to je osnovni element situacije igre.
09:51
So what does play do for the brain?
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Što onda igra čini za mozak?
09:54
Well, a lot.
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Pa, mnogo toga.
09:57
We don't know a whole lot about what it does for the human brain,
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Dosta toga ne znamo o tome
kako djeluje na ljudski mozak,
kako djeluje na ljudski mozak,
10:01
because funding has not been exactly heavy for research on play.
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jer financiranje istraživanja
na temu igre nije baš izdašno.
na temu igre nije baš izdašno.
10:08
I walked into the Carnegie asking for a grant.
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Išao sam u Carnegie tražiti sredstva.
10:10
They'd given me a large grant when I was an academician
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Već su mi kao akademiku bili dali
pozamašna sredstva
pozamašna sredstva
10:13
for the study of felony drunken drivers, and I thought I had a pretty good track record,
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za istraživanje o pijanim vozačima.
Premda uvjeren u svoju dobru reputaciju,
Premda uvjeren u svoju dobru reputaciju,
10:18
and by the time I had spent half an hour talking about play,
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nakon pola sata pričanja o igri,
postalo mi je očito da nisu mislili
da je igra dovoljno ozbiljna.
da je igra dovoljno ozbiljna.
10:23
it was obvious that they were not -- did not feel that play was serious.
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Bilo je to prije nekoliko godina,
- mislim da je taj val sada iza nas,
- mislim da je taj val sada iza nas,
10:27
I think that -- that's a few years back -- I think that wave is past,
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10:31
and the play wave is cresting,
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a val igre je sada na vrhuncu,
10:33
because there is some good science.
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jer postoje dobri znanstveni dokazi.
10:35
Nothing lights up the brain like play.
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Ništa ne potiče mozak tako kao igra.
10:38
Three-dimensional play fires up the cerebellum,
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Trodimenzionalna igra aktivira mali mozak,
10:41
puts a lot of impulses into the frontal lobe --
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šalje obilje impulsa u frontalni režanj -
10:44
the executive portion -- helps contextual memory be developed,
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izvršni dio - pomaže razvoju
kontekstualne memorije
kontekstualne memorije
10:48
and -- and, and, and.
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i još mnogo toga.
10:50
So it's -- for me, its been an extremely nourishing scholarly adventure
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Dakle, bila mi je izuzetno
korisna stručna avantura
korisna stručna avantura
10:56
to look at the neuroscience that's associated with play, and to bring together people
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istražiti neuroznanost povezanu
s igrom i okupiti ljude
s igrom i okupiti ljude
11:01
who in their individual disciplines hadn't really thought of it that way.
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koji u svojim zasebnim disciplinama
o njoj nisu razmišljali na takav način.
o njoj nisu razmišljali na takav način.
A o tome se djelomice radi
u Nacionalnom institutu za igru.
u Nacionalnom institutu za igru.
11:06
And that's part of what the National Institute for Play is all about.
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A ovo je jedan od načina
kako proučavati igru -
kako proučavati igru -
11:09
And this is one of the ways you can study play --
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11:11
is to get a 256-lead electroencephalogram.
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nabaviti EEG s 256 elektroda.
11:15
I'm sorry I don't have a playful-looking subject, but it allows mobility,
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Žao mi je što nemam razigranog ispitanika,
ali ovo omogućuje mobilnost
ali ovo omogućuje mobilnost
11:20
which has limited the actual study of play.
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koja ograničava stvarno istraživanje igre.
11:22
And we've got a mother-infant play scenario
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Imamo scenarij igranja majke i djeteta
11:26
that we're hoping to complete underway at the moment.
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za kojeg se nadamo
da ćemo ga uskoro završiti.
da ćemo ga uskoro završiti.
11:29
The reason I put this here is also to queue up
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To navodim zato da posložim
11:32
my thoughts about objectifying what play does.
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svoja razmišljanja o konkretizaciji
onoga što igra čini.
onoga što igra čini.
11:36
The animal world has objectified it.
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Životinjski svijet je to konkretizirao.
U životinjskom svijetu,
ako uzmete štakore,
ako uzmete štakore,
11:40
In the animal world, if you take rats,
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11:43
who are hardwired to play at a certain period of their juvenile years
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koji se kao mladunci instinktivno igraju,
11:49
and you suppress play -- they squeak, they wrestle,
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i ne dozvolite im igru
-- oni ciče, hrvaju se,
-- oni ciče, hrvaju se,
11:52
they pin each other, that's part of their play.
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ruše jedni druge, to je dio njihove igre.
11:55
If you stop that behavior on one group that you're experimenting with,
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Ako to ponašanje zaustavite
u jednoj eksperimentalnoj skupini,
u jednoj eksperimentalnoj skupini,
12:00
and you allow it in another group that you're experimenting with,
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a dozvolite ga u drugoj,
pa zatim štakorima
12:03
and then you present those rats
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12:05
with a cat odor-saturated collar,
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date ogrlicu natopljenu mirisom mačke,
12:08
they're hardwired to flee and hide.
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oni će instinktivno pobjeći i sakriti se.
12:11
Pretty smart -- they don't want to get killed by a cat.
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Prilično pametno -
ne žele da ih ubije mačka.
ne žele da ih ubije mačka.
12:14
So what happens?
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I što se događa?
12:16
They both hide out.
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I jedni i drugi se skrivaju.
12:19
The non-players never come out --
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Ne-igrači nikada ne izlaze
12:22
they die.
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- ugibaju.
12:23
The players slowly explore the environment,
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Igrači polako istražuju okoliš
12:27
and begin again to test things out.
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i počinju ponovno ispitivati stvari.
12:30
That says to me, at least in rats --
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To mi govori, barem kod štakora,
a mislim da imaju
iste neurotransmitere kao i mi
iste neurotransmitere kao i mi
12:33
and I think they have the same neurotransmitters that we do
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i sličnu strukturu moždane kore,
12:36
and a similar cortical architecture --
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12:38
that play may be pretty important for our survival.
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da igra može biti vrlo važna
za naše preživljavanje.
za naše preživljavanje.
12:41
And, and, and -- there are a lot more animal studies that I could talk about.
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Još je mnogo istraživanja o životinjama
o kojima bih mogao govoriti.
o kojima bih mogao govoriti.
Evo, ovo je posljedica
uskraćivanja igre. (Smijeh)
uskraćivanja igre. (Smijeh)
12:46
Now, this is a consequence of play deprivation. (Laughter)
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12:50
This took a long time --
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Za ovo je trebalo mnogo vremena.
12:52
I had to get Homer down and put him through the fMRI and the SPECT
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Morao sam savladati Homera,
snimiti mu mozak
snimiti mu mozak
12:57
and multiple EEGs, but as a couch potato, his brain has shrunk.
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na različite načine, no kao lijenčini,
mozak mu se smanjio.
mozak mu se smanjio.
13:01
And we do know that in domestic animals
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A znamo da se kod domaćih životinja
i kod ostalih, kad im se uskrati igra,
13:04
and others, when they're play deprived,
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13:06
they don't -- and rats also -- they don't develop a brain that is normal.
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- a i kod štakora -
ne razvije se normalan mozak.
ne razvije se normalan mozak.
13:11
Now, the program says that the opposite of play is not work,
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Dakle, ovaj program kaže
da suprotnost igre nije rad,
da suprotnost igre nije rad,
13:16
it's depression.
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već depresija.
13:18
And I think if you think about life without play --
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Jeste li razmišljali o životu bez igre -
13:22
no humor, no flirtation, no movies,
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bez humora, bez flerta, bez filmova,
13:25
no games, no fantasy and, and, and.
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bez igara, bez mašte ...
13:30
Try and imagine a culture or a life, adult or otherwise
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Zamislite samo neku kulturu ili život,
odraslu osobu ili dijete,
odraslu osobu ili dijete,
13:35
without play.
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bez igre.
13:37
And the thing that's so unique about our species
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A ono jedinstveno za našu vrstu
13:40
is that we're really designed to play through our whole lifetime.
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je upravo to da smo mi zaista stvoreni
za cjeloživotnu igru.
za cjeloživotnu igru.
13:45
And we all have capacity to play signal.
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A svi imamo sposobnost
signaliziranja igre.
signaliziranja igre.
13:48
Nobody misses that dog I took a picture of on a Carmel beach a couple of weeks ago.
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Svi zapamte psa s plaže Carmel
snimljenog prije par tjedana.
snimljenog prije par tjedana.
13:53
What's going to follow from that behavior
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Ono što će uslijediti iz takvog ponašanja
13:56
is play.
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je igra.
13:57
And you can trust it.
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Budite u to sigurni.
13:58
The basis of human trust is established through play signals.
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Signali za igru grade povjerenje.
14:02
And we begin to lose those signals, culturally and otherwise, as adults.
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Kao odrasli počinjemo gubiti te signale,
kroz kulturu ili drugačije.
kroz kulturu ili drugačije.
14:07
That's a shame.
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Šteta.
14:09
I think we've got a lot of learning to do.
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Mislim da imamo još puno za učiti.
Ovo je razigrano lice Jane Goodall
uz jednu od njenih omiljenih čimpanzi.
uz jednu od njenih omiljenih čimpanzi.
14:12
Now, Jane Goodall has here a play face along with one of her favorite chimps.
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14:16
So part of the signaling system of play
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Tako je jedan dio
signalnog sustava za igru
signalnog sustava za igru
14:19
has to do with vocal, facial, body, gestural.
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vezan za glas, lice, tijelo, geste.
14:23
You know, you can tell -- and I think when we're getting into collective play,
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Može se reći, kada sudjelujemo
u zajedničkoj igri,
u zajedničkoj igri,
14:28
its really important for groups to gain a sense of safety
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grupama je stvarno važno
dobiti osjećaj sigurnosti
dobiti osjećaj sigurnosti
14:32
through their own sharing of play signals.
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kroz razmjenu vlastitih signala za igru.
14:36
You may not know this word,
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Možda vam je ova riječ nepoznata,
14:38
but it should be your biological first name and last name.
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no trebala bi vam biti
biološko ime i prezime.
biološko ime i prezime.
14:43
Because neoteny means the retention of immature qualities into adulthood.
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Jer neotenija znači zadržavanje
kvaliteta nezrelosti i u odrasloj dobi.
kvaliteta nezrelosti i u odrasloj dobi.
14:47
And we are, by physical anthropologists,
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A mi smo, po mišljenju
fizičkih antropologa,
fizičkih antropologa,
14:50
by many, many studies, the most neotenous,
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prema brojnim studijama, najneoteničniji,
14:53
the most youthful, the most flexible, the most plastic of all creatures.
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najmladalačkiji, najfleksibilniji,
najpodatniji od svih bića.
najpodatniji od svih bića.
14:58
And therefore, the most playful.
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I stoga, najrazigraniji.
A to nam omogućuje prilagodljivost.
15:01
And this gives us a leg up on adaptability.
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15:05
Now, there is a way of looking at play
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Način gledanja na igru
15:08
that I also want to emphasize here,
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koji također želim naglasiti,
15:11
which is the play history.
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je anamneza igranja.
15:14
Your own personal play history is unique,
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Vaša osobna povijest igranja
je jedinstvena,
je jedinstvena,
15:17
and often is not something we think about particularly.
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a često nije nešto o čemu
posebno razmišljamo.
posebno razmišljamo.
Ovo je knjiga koju je napisao
savršeni igrač
savršeni igrač
15:21
This is a book written by a consummate player
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15:24
by the name of Kevin Carroll.
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po imenu Kevin Carroll.
15:26
Kevin Carroll came from extremely deprived circumstances:
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Kevin Carroll je odrastao
u izuzetno lošim uvjetima:
u izuzetno lošim uvjetima:
15:31
alcoholic mother, absent father, inner-city Philadelphia,
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majka alkoholičarka, otac odsutan,
iz užeg centra Philadelphije,
iz užeg centra Philadelphije,
15:35
black, had to take care of a younger brother.
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crnac, morao je brinuti o mlađem bratu.
15:38
Found that when he looked at a playground
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Kad bi gledao na igralište
s prozora sobe u kojoj je bio zatočen,
15:41
out of a window into which he had been confined,
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15:44
he felt something different.
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osjećao se drugačije.
15:46
And so he followed up on it.
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I krenuo je za tim.
Njegov život je preobrazba života
15:49
And his life -- the transformation of his life
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15:52
from deprivation and what one would expect -- potentially prison or death --
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od siromaštva i vjerojatnog
zatvora ili smrti,
zatvora ili smrti,
15:57
he become a linguist, a trainer for the 76ers and now is a motivational speaker.
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do lingvista i košarkaškog trenera.
A sada je motivacijski govornik.
A sada je motivacijski govornik.
16:03
And he gives play as a transformative force
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I govori o igri kao transformacijskoj sili
16:08
over his entire life.
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kroz cijeli svoj život.
16:11
Now there's another play history that I think is a work in progress.
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Još jedna povijest igranja,
koja je, mislim, još uvijek u tijeku.
koja je, mislim, još uvijek u tijeku.
16:18
Those of you who remember Al Gore,
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Oni među vama koji se sjećaju Ala Gorea,
16:21
during the first term and then during his successful
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iz njegovog prvog mandata,
a onda iz njegove uspješne,
a onda iz njegove uspješne,
16:26
but unelected run for the presidency,
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ali izgubljene predsjedničke utrke,
16:29
may remember him as being kind of wooden and not entirely his own person,
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mogu ga se sjetiti kao ukočenog
i ne baš sasvim svojeg čovjeka,
i ne baš sasvim svojeg čovjeka,
16:34
at least in public.
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barem ne u javnosti.
16:36
And looking at his history, which is common in the press,
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Čitajući njegovu povijest,
prilično dostupnu u novinama,
prilično dostupnu u novinama,
16:40
it seems to me, at least -- looking at it from a shrink's point of view --
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čini mi se, barem s gledišta psihijatra,
16:46
that a lot of his life was programmed.
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da je velik dio njegovog života
bio programiran.
bio programiran.
16:51
Summers were hard, hard work, in the heat of Tennessee summers.
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Vrela ljeta u Tennesseeju provodio je
u vrlo napornom radu.
u vrlo napornom radu.
16:57
He had the expectations of his senatorial father and Washington, D.C.
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Njegov otac senator i Washington D.C.
od njega su mnogo očekivali.
od njega su mnogo očekivali.
I mada mislim da je sigurno imao
razvijenu sposobnost za igru -
razvijenu sposobnost za igru -
17:03
And although I think he certainly had the capacity for play --
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17:06
because I do know something about that --
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jer znam ponešto o tome -
17:08
he wasn't as empowered, I think, as he now is
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tad nije imao snagu
koju mislim da sad ima,
koju mislim da sad ima,
17:12
by paying attention to what is his own passion
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jer sad obraća pažnju na ono što on voli
17:16
and his own inner drive,
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i na vlastite unutrašnje porive,
17:19
which I think has its basis in all of us in our play history.
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što se, mislim, kod svih nas temelji
na našoj povijesti igranja.
na našoj povijesti igranja.
17:24
So what I would encourage on an individual level to do,
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Ono što bih volio ohrabriti
na razini pojedinca
na razini pojedinca
17:27
is to explore backwards as far as you can go
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je da posegnete u prošlost,
najdalje što možete,
najdalje što možete,
17:31
to the most clear, joyful, playful image that you have,
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za najjasnijom, najradosnijom,
najrazigranijom slikom koju imate,
najrazigranijom slikom koju imate,
17:36
whether it's with a toy, on a birthday or on a vacation.
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bilo da je s igračkom,
s rođendana ili praznika.
s rođendana ili praznika.
17:39
And begin to build to build from the emotion of that
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I gradite počevši od te emocije
17:42
into how that connects with your life now.
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do onog što ima veze
s vašim sadašnjim životom.
s vašim sadašnjim životom.
17:45
And you'll find, you may change jobs --
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I otkrit ćete, možda i promijeniti posao,
17:48
which has happened to a number people when I've had them do this --
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što se dogodilo mnogima
koje sam naveo da to učine -
koje sam naveo da to učine -
17:51
in order to be more empowered through their play.
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kako bi se osnažili kroz svoju igru.
17:54
Or you'll be able to enrich your life by prioritizing it
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Ili ćete moći obogatiti svoj život
dajući joj prednost
dajući joj prednost
17:58
and paying attention to it.
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i posvećujući joj pažnju.
18:00
Most of us work with groups, and I put this up because
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Većina nas radi s grupama, i ovo iznosim
18:03
the d.school, the design school at Stanford,
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jer Škola D, Škola za dizajn na Stanfordu,
18:06
thanks to David Kelley and a lot of others
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zahvaljujući Davidu Kelleyu
i mnogim drugima
i mnogim drugima
18:09
who have been visionary about its establishment,
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- vizionarima njenog osnivanja,
18:12
has allowed a group of us to get together
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omogućila je da se naša grupa sastane
18:14
and create a course called "From Play to Innovation."
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i formira tečaj "Od igre do inovacije".
18:18
And you'll see this course is to investigate
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Vidjet ćete da se na ovom tečaju istražuje
stanje igre kod ljudi, slično
stanju bijelog medvjeda i haskija,
stanju bijelog medvjeda i haskija,
18:21
the human state of play, which is kind of like the polar bear-husky state
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i njena važnost
u kreativnom razmišljanju:
u kreativnom razmišljanju:
18:25
and its importance to creative thinking:
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18:27
"to explore play behavior, its development and its biological basis;
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„istražiti ponašanje u igri,
njezin razvoj i biološku osnovu;
njezin razvoj i biološku osnovu;
18:30
to apply those principles, through design thinking,
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primijeniti te principe
kroz promišljanje dizajna,
kroz promišljanje dizajna,
18:33
to promote innovation in the corporate world;
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promovirati inovaciju u poslovnom svijetu;
18:35
and the students will work with real-world partners
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a studenti će raditi s partnerima
iz stvarnog svijeta
iz stvarnog svijeta
18:38
on design projects with widespread application."
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na dizajnerskim projektima
široke primjene.”
široke primjene.”
18:41
This is our maiden voyage in this.
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Ovo je naš prvi pothvat u ovom području.
18:43
We're about two and a half, three months into it, and it's really been fun.
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Radimo već dva - tri mjeseca
i stvarno je zabavno.
i stvarno je zabavno.
18:47
There is our star pupil, this labrador,
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Tu je naš uzorni učenik, labrador,
18:50
who taught a lot of us what a state of play is,
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koji je mnoge od nas
naučio što je stanje igre,
naučio što je stanje igre,
18:54
and an extremely aged and decrepit professor in charge there.
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i izuzetno star i krhki profesor
koji sve to vodi.
koji sve to vodi.
18:58
And Brendan Boyle, Rich Crandall -- and on the far right is, I think, a person who
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Tu su i Brendan Boyle, Rich Crandall
i sasvim desno netko tko će, mislim,
i sasvim desno netko tko će, mislim,
19:03
will be in cahoots with George Smoot for a Nobel Prize -- Stuart Thompson,
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s Georgeom Smootom dobiti
Nobelovu nagradu - Stuart Thompson,
Nobelovu nagradu - Stuart Thompson,
19:08
in neuroscience.
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za neuroznanost.
Tu smo, dakle, Brendan iz IDEO-a
19:09
So we've had Brendan, who's from IDEO,
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19:11
and the rest of us sitting aside and watching these students
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i mi ostali koji sjedimo sa strane
i promatramo ove studente
i promatramo ove studente
19:15
as they put play principles into practice in the classroom.
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kako praktično primjenjuju
principe igre u učionici.
principe igre u učionici.
19:21
And one of their projects was to
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A jedan je od njihovih projekata bio
19:25
see what makes meetings boring,
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otkriti što to sastanke čini dosadnima,
19:28
and to try and do something about it.
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i pokušati nešto promijeniti.
19:31
So what will follow is a student-made film
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Slijedi studentski film
19:35
about just that.
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upravo o tome.
19:38
Narrator: Flow is the mental state of apparition
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Komentator: stanje toka (flow)
je mentalno stanje privida
je mentalno stanje privida
19:42
in which the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing.
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u kojem je osoba potpuno
zadubljena u ono što radi.
zadubljena u ono što radi.
19:45
Characterized by a feeling of energized focus,
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Karakteriziraju ga osjećaj
žive koncentracije,
žive koncentracije,
19:48
full involvement and success in the process of the activity.
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potpune uključenosti i uspjeha
u ostvarivanju te aktivnosti.
u ostvarivanju te aktivnosti.
19:55
An important key insight that we learned about meetings
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Ključni uvid koji smo stekli
u vezi sa sastancima,
u vezi sa sastancima,
je da se redaju jedan za drugim,
19:58
is that people pack them in one after another,
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20:01
disruptive to the day.
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tako da remete dan.
20:03
Attendees at meetings don't know when they'll get back to the task
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Sudionici sastanka ne znaju
kad će se vratiti zadatku
kad će se vratiti zadatku
koji su ostavili za svojim stolom.
20:06
that they left at their desk.
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20:08
But it doesn't have to be that way.
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Ali ne mora biti tako.
20:11
(Music)
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(Glazba)
21:04
Some sage and repeatedly furry monks
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Neki mudri čudaci,
21:07
at this place called the d.school
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na ovom mjestu zvanom Škola D,
21:09
designed a meeting that you can literally step out of when it's over.
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smislili su sastanak iz kojeg možete
doslovno iskoračiti kad se završi.
doslovno iskoračiti kad se završi.
21:14
Take the meeting off, and have peace of mind that you can come back to me.
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Skinite sastanak i budite spokojni
jer mu se možete vratiti.
jer mu se možete vratiti.
21:19
Because when you need it again,
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Jer kad vam god bude zatrebao,
21:21
the meeting is literally hanging in your closet.
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sastanak doslovno visi u vašem ormaru.
21:27
The Wearable Meeting.
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Sastanak kojeg možete nositi.
21:29
Because when you put it on, you immediately get everything you need
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Jer kad ga obučete, istog trena
imate sve što vam je potrebno
imate sve što vam je potrebno
za zabavan, produktivan
i koristan sastanak.
i koristan sastanak.
21:33
to have a fun and productive and useful meeting.
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21:36
But when you take it off --
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A kad ga skinete -
21:39
that's when the real action happens.
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tad počinje prava akcija.
21:41
(Music)
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(Glazba)
21:47
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
21:50
Stuart Brown: So I would encourage you all
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Stuart Brown: Stoga bih vas sve ohrabrio
21:56
to engage
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da se aktivirate,
21:58
not in the work-play differential --
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ne po principu ili rad ili igra,
22:01
where you set aside time to play --
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gdje ćete odvojiti malo vremena za igru,
22:04
but where your life becomes infused
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već da vam život postane prožet
22:07
minute by minute, hour by hour,
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iz minute u minutu, iz sata u sat,
22:11
with body,
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fizičkim igrama,
22:13
object,
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igrama objektima,
22:15
social, fantasy, transformational kinds of play.
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socijalnim igrama,
igrama zamišljanja i preobrazbe.
igrama zamišljanja i preobrazbe.
22:20
And I think you'll have a better and more empowered life.
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I mislim da će vam život biti
bolji i ispunjeniji.
bolji i ispunjeniji.
Hvala.
22:24
Thank You.
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(Pljesak)
22:26
(Applause)
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22:33
John Hockenberry: So it sounds to me like what you're saying is that
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John Hockenberry:
To što pričate zvuči mi kao
To što pričate zvuči mi kao
22:36
there may be some temptation on the part of people to look at your work
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da ljudi mogu doći u iskušenje
i u osvrtu na vaš rad
i u osvrtu na vaš rad
22:40
and go --
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reći:
22:42
I think I've heard this, in my kind of pop psychological understanding of play,
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Prema mom popularno-znanstvenom
razumijevanju igre,
razumijevanju igre,
22:47
that somehow,
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na neki način,
22:49
the way animals and humans deal with play,
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to kako ljudi i životinje
postupaju u igri,
postupaju u igri,
neka je vrsta pripreme
za aktivnost odraslih.”
za aktivnost odraslih.”
22:52
is that it's some sort of rehearsal for adult activity.
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22:55
Your work seems to suggest that that is powerfully wrong.
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Vaš rad, čini se, sugerira
da je to potpuno pogrešno.
da je to potpuno pogrešno.
22:58
SB: Yeah, I don't think that's accurate,
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SB: Da, Mislim da to nije točno,
23:01
and I think probably because animals have taught us that.
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vjerojatno zato što su nas, mislim,
životinje tome naučile.
životinje tome naučile.
23:04
If you stop a cat from playing --
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Ako spriječite mačku da se igra,
23:08
which you can do, and we've all seen how cats bat around stuff --
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što možete učiniti, svi smo vidjeli
kako se mačke igraju,
kako se mačke igraju,
23:12
they're just as good predators as they would be if they hadn't played.
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ostat će jednako dobar grabežljivac
kao da se i nije igrala.
kao da se i nije igrala.
23:17
And if you imagine a kid
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A ako zamislite dijete
23:19
pretending to be King Kong,
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koje se pretvara da je King Kong,
23:22
or a race car driver, or a fireman,
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ili vozač formule ili vatrogasac,
23:25
they don't all become race car drivers or firemen, you know.
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neće baš svako postati
vozač formule ili vatrogasac.
vozač formule ili vatrogasac.
23:29
So there's a disconnect between preparation for the future --
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Tako da postoji jaz između
pripreme za budućnost -
pripreme za budućnost -
23:34
which is what most people are comfortable in thinking about play as --
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kako većina ljudi razumije igru
23:37
and thinking of it as a separate biological entity.
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- i razmišljanja o njoj
kao zasebnoj biološkoj cjelini.
kao zasebnoj biološkoj cjelini.
23:41
And this is where my chasing animals for four, five years
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A tu je i moje praćenje životinja
u zadnjih 4-5 godina
u zadnjih 4-5 godina
23:46
really changed my perspective from a clinician to what I am now,
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zaista promijenilo moju perspektivu,
od liječnika do onog što sam danas,
od liječnika do onog što sam danas,
23:51
which is that play has a biological place,
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a to je da igra ima
svoje biološko mjesto,
svoje biološko mjesto,
23:55
just like sleep and dreams do.
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baš kao što ga imaju spavanje i snovi.
23:58
And if you look at sleep and dreams biologically,
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I ako na spavanje i snove
gledate s biološke strane,
gledate s biološke strane,
24:03
animals sleep and dream,
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životinje spavaju i sanjaju,
time ponavljaju i rade stvari
koje potiču pamćenje,
koje potiču pamćenje,
24:05
and they rehearse and they do some other things that help memory
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24:08
and that are a very important part of sleep and dreams.
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a to su vrlo važni elementi
spavanja i snova.
spavanja i snova.
24:11
The next step of evolution in mammals and
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Sljedeći evolucijski korak kod sisavaca
24:14
creatures with divinely superfluous neurons
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i stvorenja s "božanskim viškom neurona",
24:18
will be to play.
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3000
bit će igranje.
24:21
And the fact that the polar bear and husky or magpie and a bear
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A činjenica da polarni medvjed i haski,
ili svraka i medvjed,
ili svraka i medvjed,
24:24
or you and I and our dogs can crossover and have that experience
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ili Vi i ja i naši psi, možemo
mijenjati uloge i imati takvo iskustvo,
mijenjati uloge i imati takvo iskustvo,
24:30
sets play aside as something separate.
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izdvajaju igru kao nešto posebno.
24:33
And its hugely important in learning and crafting the brain.
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I ona je izuzetno važna za učenje
i razvoj mozga.
i razvoj mozga.
24:37
So it's not just something you do in your spare time.
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Tako da to nije tek nešto
što radite u slobodno vrijeme.
što radite u slobodno vrijeme.
24:40
JH: How do you keep -- and I know you're part of the scientific research community,
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JH: Znam da u svojoj
znanstveno-istraživačkoj zajednici
znanstveno-istraživačkoj zajednici
24:43
and you have to justify your existence with grants and proposals like everyone else --
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morate svoje postojanje, kao i ostali,
opravdati subvencijama i projektima -
opravdati subvencijama i projektima -
24:48
how do you prevent --
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kako sprečavate da -
24:50
and some of the data that you've produced, the good science that you're talking about you've produced, is hot to handle.
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a neki od znanstveno utemeljenih podataka
do kojih ste došli vruća su tema,
do kojih ste došli vruća su tema,
24:56
How do you prevent either the media's interpretation of your work
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kako sprečavate interpretaciju
Vašeg rada od strane medija,
Vašeg rada od strane medija,
25:00
or the scientific community's interpretation of the implications of your work,
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ili interpretaciju implikacija Vašeg rada
od strane znanstvene zajednice,
od strane znanstvene zajednice,
25:06
kind of like the Mozart metaphor,
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nešto poput metafore o Mozartu,
25:09
where, "Oh, MRIs show
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gdje se kaže: „Oh,
magnetska rezonancija pokazuje
magnetska rezonancija pokazuje
25:12
that play enhances your intelligence.
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3000
da igra potiče inteligenciju.
Skupimo djecu, zatvorimo ih u torove,
25:15
Well, let's round these kids up, put them in pens
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25:17
and make them play for months at a time; they'll all be geniuses and go to Harvard."
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1502000
4000
neka se igraju mjesecima,
bit će genijalci i upisat će Harvard.”
bit će genijalci i upisat će Harvard.”
25:21
How do you prevent people from taking that sort of action
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Kako sprečavate ljude
da rade takve stvari
da rade takve stvari
25:24
on the data that you're developing?
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2000
na osnovu podataka do kojih dolazite?
25:26
SB: Well, I think the only way I know to do it
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SB: Mislim da je jedini način
na koji to umijem raditi,
na koji to umijem raditi,
25:29
is to have accumulated the advisers that I have
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okupiti savjetnike koje imam,
25:32
who go from practitioners --
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počevši od praktičara
25:34
who can establish through improvisational play or clowning or whatever --
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koji su u stanju kroz improvizaciju,
ludiranje ili na neki drugi način,
ludiranje ili na neki drugi način,
25:38
a state of play.
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dovesti do stanja igre.
25:40
So people know that it's there.
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Tako da ljudi znaju da to postoji.
25:42
And then you get an fMRI specialist, and you get Frank Wilson,
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A onda uzmete stručnjaka za fMRI
pa uzmete Franka Wilsona,
pa uzmete Franka Wilsona,
25:46
and you get other kinds of hard scientists, including neuroendocrinologists.
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uzmete i druge znanstvenike istraživače,
uključujući i neuroendokrinologe,
uključujući i neuroendokrinologe,
25:51
And you get them into a group together focused on play,
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okupite ih u grupu fokusiranu na igru,
25:57
and it's pretty hard not to take it seriously.
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pa onda postane prilično teško
sve to ne shvatiti ozbiljno.
sve to ne shvatiti ozbiljno.
26:01
Unfortunately, that hasn't been done sufficiently
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Nažalost, na ovom se ne radi dovoljno
26:04
for the National Science Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health
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da bi Znanstvena fundacija,
Institut za mentalno zdravlje
Institut za mentalno zdravlje
26:07
or anybody else to really look at it in this way seriously.
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ili itko drugi u SAD-u sve to
zaista ozbiljno razmotrio.
zaista ozbiljno razmotrio.
26:10
I mean you don't hear about anything that's like cancer or heart disease
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Mislim, nećete čuti da nešto
poput raka ili srčanih bolesti
poput raka ili srčanih bolesti
26:16
associated with play.
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ima veze s igrom.
26:18
And yet I see it as something that's just as basic for survival -- long term --
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Za mene je to dugoročno jednako
bitno za preživljavanje,
bitno za preživljavanje,
26:23
as learning some of the basic things about public health.
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1568000
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kao i poznavanje elementarnih stvari
u vezi s javnim zdravstvom.
u vezi s javnim zdravstvom.
26:27
JH: Stuart Brown, thank you very much.
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JH: Stuart Brown, najljepša Vam hvala.
(Pljesak)
26:29
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Stuart Brown - Play researcher, psychiatristStuart Brown's research shows play is not just joyful and energizing -- it's deeply involved with human development and intelligence. Through the National Institute for Play, he's working to better understand its significance.
Why you should listen
Dr. Stuart Brown came to research play through research on murderers -- unlikely as that seems -- after he found a stunning common thread in killers' stories: lack of play in childhood. Since then, he's interviewed thousands of people to catalog their relationships with play, noting a strong correlation between success and playful activity. His book Play describes the impact play can have on one's life.
With the support of the National Geographic Society and Jane Goodall, he has observed animal play in the wild, where he first concieved of play as an evolved behavior important for the well being -- and survival -- of animals, especially those of higher intelligence. Now, through his organization, the National Institute for Play, he hopes to expand the study of human play into a vital science -- and help people everywhere enjoy and participate in play throughout life.
Stuart Brown | Speaker | TED.com