Juan Enriquez: What will humans look like in 100 years?
Juan Enriquez: Milyen lesz az emberiség 100 év múlva?
Juan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society. Full bio
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az emberi testet?]
a fejlesztésünkhöz kellő eszközök.
the tools together to evolve ourselves.
a baktériumokat, a növényeket
and we can evolve plants
where we really have to ask,
hogy föl kell tennünk a kérdést:
and do we want to evolve human beings?
tökéletesíteni az emberi lényeket?
in the context of prosthetics,
és jövőjét értelmezve.
in one of these battles.
elvesztette a karját.
of ruling with an iron fist comes from.
kormányozni" fogalma.
have been getting more and more useful,
hasznosabbá váltak
and as you're thinking about that,
beléjük építhetünk.
absolutely extraordinary prosthetics.
will go out and say,
egyszer csak megkérdi:
do I want to climb?
miféle sziklát másszak meg?
or does somebody want to ballroom dance?
vagy bálban készül táncolni?
is they've been coming inside the body.
bekerülnek a testünkbe.
have now become artificial knees.
about a heart pacemaker as a prosthetic,
nem úgy beszélünk róla:
that isn't just, "I'm missing my leg,"
becomes a symbiotic relationship
szimbiotikus kapcsolatba
that I've ever met --
Joe Jacobson, Bob Lander --
Joe Jacobson, Bob Lander
for Extreme Bionics.
of what you're seeing here is
now get integrated into the bone.
about how to connect the brain
fundamental aspects of humanity.
alapvető jellemzőinek megváltoztatásához.
depends on the diameter of a nerve.
az idegátmérőtől függ.
that are external or prosthetic,
theoretically to the point where,
you could step out of the way of a bullet.
elléphetnénk a golyó útjából.
of changes you're talking about.
sort of level of prosthetics.
mert átlépik a küszöböt,
why these are so interesting
from where prosthetics are something
that somebody who is "normal"
which is really interesting,
folyó beszélgetést is.
going on over there.
You can have white noise.
a fehérzajt is.
they also put a phone into this.
és telefonnal is összekötötték.
and also as your phone.
want to have a prosthetic voluntarily.
of loosely connected little pieces
over the next century or two?
a jövő 1-2 században az emberi lényeket?
az egyik remek filozófusnál,
to a great philosopher
despite being a Yankee fan.
noha a Yankee-nek szurkolt.
that it's very tough to make predictions,
hogy elég nehéz jósolgatni,
about the future to begin with,
jóslásokba bocsátkoznánk,
with people like Tony Atala,
s abban is Tony Atalát,
újratervezésével foglalkozik.
isn't having something external, titanium.
nem lesznek külső titánium részek.
saját genetikai kódunk alapján
is take your own gene code,
than any kind of a prosthetic.
bármiféle protézisnél.
the work of Craig Venter and Ham Smith.
és Ham Smith munkáját!
that we've been doing
how to reprogram cells.
in those organs.
meg tudnánk változtatni.
the cells in those organs,
more radiation-resistant.
that you don't want in your body.
George Church has been in the news a lot
szerepelt gyakran a hírekben,
one of these programmable cells
an entire human genome into a cell,
to enhance any of that genome?
a genom valamelyik részét?
to enhance a human body?
to enhance a human body
to enhance a human body?
multidimensional chess board
human genetics by using viruses
through gene therapy
a genetikus kódot,
örökletes betegségtől,
of those genes in the epigenome
ama gének kifejeződését,
a következő nemzedéknek.
it's not just one little bit,
egy-egy részletből,
to take little portions of it
that's very different.
are very scared by this stuff.
and there are risks to this stuff.
de megvan a kockázata.
ever want to do this stuff?
to alter the human body
alapvetően megváltoztatni
is the universe is 100 percent malevolent.
100%-osan rosszindulatú.
any one of your bodies at random,
of Mercury, you die.
about 80 percent effective.
upstream eddies of biology
apró biológiai örvények
in this rapid torrent of entropy.
az entrópia áradatában.
szétszórja az energiát,
that create biological order.
teremtik meg a biológiai rendet.
when the Earth becomes very hot,
amikor a Föld fölhevül,
amikor óriási vulkánok törnek ki,
when you have supervolcanoes,
extinction-level events
you can have periodic extinctions.
a periodikus kihalás.
five times on Earth,
is going to go extinct someday.
ki fog halni a Földről.
but maybe 10,000 years after that.
de lehet, hogy 10 ezer év múlva.
of the consequence of that,
are common and natural
szokásos és természetes jelenség,
to diversify our species.
fajunk változatossá tétele.
really hard to live on Mars
modify the human body.
meg az emberi testet.
to make one cell,
létrejön egy sejt,
the gravity substantially,
lényeges módosulásakor
to create your body.
our bodies as they currently are
hogy ha jelenlegi testünket
akkor meghalunk.
you have to really redesign things
tényleg át kell alakulnunk,
of Neptune or Jupiter.
vagy a Jupiter holdjaival.
in a series of scales.
fokozatok szerint.
to alter his or her looks.
for thousands of years.
and you've got this and you've got that.
take place for medical reasons.
magyarázható orvosi indokkal.
is a different civilization.
fundamental aspects of the body.
jellemzőit változtatja meg.
be, s az illető magasabbra nő,
the person grows taller,
gets fatter or loses metabolism
vagy megszűnik az anyagcseréje,
in a fundamental way.
alapvetően módosítjuk.
a Life Three civilization,
megalkotására van szükség.
from what we've got here.
Deinococcus radiodurans
adjuk össze magunkat,
after a lot of exposure to radiation.
sugárzás után újjáalakulhassanak.
flow through your blood
really radical redesigns,
that's happened in the last decade
érdekes dolog történt:
a whole lot of planets out there.
want to get to these planets,
azokra a bolygókra,
leggyorsabb járművek is -
and the rest of this stuff --
to the nearest solar system.
beaches somewhere else,
szeretnénk fölfedezni,
a kettős napos alkonyatban,
about something that is very different,
the timescale and the body of humans
az időléptéket és az emberi testet,
absolutely unrecognizable.
to imagine what that might look like,
hogy az milyen lehet,
take us even that far.
amelyekkel odáig juthatunk.
that Floyd's been doing
with the basic chemistry of life.
is made in ATCGs, the four letters of DNA.
a DNS négy betűjéből áll.
all animals, all humans, all cows,
two of those base pairs,
a parallel system to make life,
lehet életet létrehozni,
with most things on Earth
that are immune to all bacteria.
hozhatunk létre.
that are immune to all viruses.
hozhatunk létre.
are not a unique solution.
vagyunk az egyedüli megoldás.
alternate chemistries to us
összetételt lehet létrehozni,
adaptable to a very different planet
egészen más bolygókhoz,
valósíthatnak meg.
of this experiment,
is based on 20 amino acids.
20 aminosavon alapszik.
if you say ATCG + XY,
20 building blocks to 172,
172 building blocks of amino acids
172 aminosav-építőkövünk lesz
in very different shapes.
is a really weird experiment
hundreds of mouse heads.
az első szívátültetésekre.
heart transplants.
the wife or the daughter of the donor
behívták az újszíveshez,
Do you love this person?
"Szereti ezt a személyt?"
the heart is a muscle,
nem más, mint izom.
or tens of thousands of years,
tízezer évig így gondolkoztunk:
She took my heart. She broke my heart."
a szívemet. Összetörte a szívemet."
were transplanted with the heart. Nope.
remembers what it's afraid of,
memory and consciousness.
interesting question is,
is the only input-output mechanism
input-output mechanizmus?
that consciousness into something
tens of thousands of years,
for a long, long period of time?
igen hosszú ideig hordozni?
kilométerről fényképezték.
all of humanity goes.
egész emberiség esetében is működik.
to alter the human body
want a picture that says,
amelyik azt mondja:
survives long-term extinction.
a hosszútávú kihalást.
not to evolve the human body
even though it can be challenging,
ha megpróbáltatással jár.
to allow us to explore, live
a felfedezéseket, az életet,
amelyekről ma nem is álmodunk,
we can't even dream of today,
grandchildren might someday.
valaha eljuthatnak.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Juan Enriquez - FuturistJuan Enriquez thinks and writes about the profound changes that genomics and other life sciences will bring in business, technology, politics and society.
Why you should listen
A broad thinker who studies the intersections of these fields, Enriquez has a talent for bridging disciplines to build a coherent look ahead. He is the managing director of Excel Venture Management, a life sciences VC firm. He recently published (with Steve Gullans) Evolving Ourselves: How Unnatural Selection and Nonrandom Mutation Are Shaping Life on Earth. The book describes a world where humans increasingly shape their environment, themselves and other species.
Enriquez is a member of the board of Synthetic Genomics, which recently introduced the smallest synthetic living cell. Called “JCVI-syn 3.0,” it has 473 genes (about half the previous smallest cell). The organism would die if one of the genes is removed. In other words, this is the minimum genetic instruction set for a living organism.
Juan Enriquez | Speaker | TED.com