TED2007
David Bolinsky: Visualizing the wonder of a living cell
デヴィッド・ボリンスキー 細胞に命を吹き込む
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
2,216,452 views
医療アニメーターのデヴィッド・ボリンスキーが、細胞の中にみなぎる命について、3分間のアニメーションで紹介します。
David Bolinsky - Medical animator
David Bolinsky and his team illustrate scientific and medical concepts with high-drama animation. You've never seen the life of a cell quite like this. Full bio
David Bolinsky and his team illustrate scientific and medical concepts with high-drama animation. You've never seen the life of a cell quite like this. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:25
I'm a medical illustrator,
0
0
3000
私は医療イラストレーターです
00:28
and I come from a slightly different point of view.
1
3000
3000
少し 人とは違った見方を持っているようで
00:31
I've been watching, since I grew up,
2
6000
2000
昔から見てきたものは
00:34
the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts
3
9000
4000
芸術における真と美の表現 そして
00:38
and truth and beauty in the sciences.
4
13000
2000
科学における真と美の表現です
00:40
And while these are both wonderful things in their own right --
5
15000
3000
どちらもそれ自体で素晴らしいものですが
00:43
they both have very wonderful things going for them --
6
18000
3000
その中にさらに素晴らしいものを持ち合わせています
00:46
truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences
7
21000
6000
科学や数学から見た理想としての真と美は 理想的な双子のようなもので
00:52
and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins
8
27000
5000
科学者にとってはきっと理想の
00:57
that a scientist would want to date.
9
32000
1000
デートの相手です
01:00
(Laughter)
10
35000
2000
（笑）
01:02
These are expressions of truth as awe-full things,
11
37000
5000
真と美は畏敬を感じるものとして表現され
01:07
by meaning they are things you can worship.
12
42000
2000
それゆえに崇拝されるのです
01:10
They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible.
13
45000
4000
強力で それ以下にはなり得ず
01:15
They are unique. They are useful --
14
50000
2000
ユニークで 役に立つものなのです
01:17
sometimes, often a long time after the fact.
15
52000
2000
時にそう感じたり あるいはこれから感じることになるでしょう
01:20
And you can actually roll some of the pictures now,
16
55000
2000
さてそれではスライドを見ていきましょう
01:22
because I don't want to look at me on the screen.
17
57000
3000
スクリーンに自分の顔が映るのは見たくないですからね
01:26
Truth and beauty are things
18
61000
2000
真と美は
01:28
that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences.
19
63000
4000
科学に携わりのない方々にとってはとても曖昧なものです
01:33
They are things that describe beauty in a way
20
68000
6000
なぜなら それらは
01:39
that is often only accessible if you understand the language
21
74000
5000
その表現方法を学んだ人々が使う言葉や方法を
01:44
and the syntax of the person
22
79000
2000
理解したときに
01:46
who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed.
23
81000
3000
初めてわかるようなものであるからです
01:49
If you look at the math, E=mc squared,
24
84000
3000
E=mc² という数式を見たとき
01:52
if you look at the cosmological constant,
25
87000
3000
宇宙定数を見たとき
01:55
where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve
26
90000
5000
人類の理想や 生命の進化の必然性を
02:00
from the numbers that describe the universe --
27
95000
3000
宇宙を表す数字というものに見たとき
02:03
these are things that are really difficult to understand.
28
98000
3000
それらはとても理解が難しいものです
02:06
And what I've tried to do
29
101000
1000
私が医療イラストレーターとして
02:07
since I had my training as a medical illustrator --
30
102000
2000
修行を始めたときから挑戦し続けてきたこと
02:09
since I was taught animation by my father,
31
104000
3000
彫刻家であり 私の視覚面の師でもある父に
02:12
who was a sculptor and my visual mentor --
32
107000
3000
アニメーションについて教わって以来心がけていることは
02:16
I wanted to figure out a way to help people
33
111000
3000
どうすれば人々が
02:20
understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences
34
115000
3000
生命科学における真と美を理解できるか
02:24
by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories
35
119000
3000
アニメーションや写真を使い 物語を話すことによって
02:28
so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people
36
123000
4000
人々にとって必ずしも明らかではないものを
02:32
can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood.
37
127000
4000
明らかにし 教えられ 理解されうるものにするかということです
02:36
Students today are often immersed in an environment
38
131000
5000
今日の学生は
02:42
where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty
39
137000
5000
真と美が内在していることを学んでいるにもかかわらず
02:47
embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized
40
142000
5000
教えられ方が細分化されているために
02:52
and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty
41
147000
5000
真と美の存在が見えにくくなってしまっている環境に
02:57
are not always evident.
42
152000
1000
置かれています
02:58
It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup
43
153000
3000
ちょうどチキンスープの古いレシピのように
03:01
where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone.
44
156000
4000
チキンの風味が失われてしまうまでチキンをゆでるようなものです
03:06
We don't want to do that to our students.
45
161000
2000
学生にはそんなことをしたくありません
03:08
So we have an opportunity to really open up education.
46
163000
4000
新しい教育への扉を開く機会があるのです
03:12
And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard,
47
167000
3000
そして私は ハーバード大学の
03:15
in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department,
48
170000
2000
分子細胞生物学部のローバート・ルー教授から
03:17
a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I
49
172000
3000
数年前に電話をいただき 私のチームが
03:21
would be interested and willing to really change
50
176000
4000
ハーバード大の医療科学教育を変えることに
03:25
how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard.
51
180000
3000
興味があるかどうか尋ねられました
03:28
So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell --
52
183000
5000
そして 細胞を探索できるようなプロジェクトを始めました
03:33
that would explore the truth and beauty inherent
53
188000
3000
人間が生まれつき持っている真と美を探索できるようなものです
03:36
in molecular and cellular biology
54
191000
2000
分子細胞生物学において
03:38
so that students could understand a larger picture
55
193000
3000
学生がより全体を俯瞰できるようにし
03:41
that they could hang all of these facts on.
56
196000
3000
ずっとそのイメージを持っていられるようにしたのです
03:44
They could have a mental image of the cell
57
199000
3000
細胞のイメージとして
03:47
as a large, bustling, hugely complicated city
58
202000
7000
大きく活気のある複雑な都市に ミクロの機械が溢れている様子を
03:55
that's occupied by micro-machines.
59
210000
2000
思い描けるようにしたのです
03:57
And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life.
60
212000
3000
このミクロの機械こそが生命の心臓部なのです
04:00
These micro-machines,
61
215000
1000
このミクロの機械は
04:01
which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over,
62
216000
3000
世界中のナノテクノロジー研究者の夢ですが
04:05
are self-directed, powerful, precise, accurate devices
63
220000
7000
自ら動き 強力で 正確で 精密な装置で
04:12
that are made out of strings of amino acids.
64
227000
3000
ひも状になったアミノ酸でできています
04:15
And these micro-machines power how a cell moves.
65
230000
4000
このミクロの機械が細胞を動かし
04:19
They power how a cell replicates. They power our hearts.
66
234000
5000
細胞を増やし 我々の心臓を動かし
04:24
They power our minds.
67
239000
1000
我々の心を動かしているわけです
04:26
And so what we wanted to do was to figure out
68
241000
3000
そして我々が取り組んだのは
04:30
how we could make this story into an animation
69
245000
2000
これをどのようなアニメーションにし
04:33
that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard,
70
248000
3000
ハーバード大学の「バイオビジョン」という
04:37
which is a website that Harvard has
71
252000
4000
ウェブサイトの中心プログラムとして
04:41
for its molecular and cellular biology students
72
256000
2000
分子細胞生物学部の学生用に
04:43
that will -- in addition to all the textual information,
73
258000
4000
教科書に掲載されている
04:48
in addition to all the didactic stuff --
74
263000
1000
文字としての情報に加えて
04:50
put everything together visually, so that these students
75
265000
2000
視覚的な要素を取り入れることによって
04:53
would have an internalized view of what a cell really is
76
268000
4000
学生が本当の細胞の姿を自分のものにし
04:57
in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study
77
272000
4000
その真と美に触れ そうすることによって
05:01
with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked,
78
276000
4000
彼らの想像力を輝かせ
05:05
so that their passions would be sparked
79
280000
2000
彼らの情熱を輝かせ
05:08
and so that they would be able to go on
80
283000
1000
進み続けることができるように
05:10
and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries
81
285000
4000
そのイメージを新たな発見のために使えるように
05:14
and to be able to find out, really, how life works.
82
289000
3000
命がどのように動いているのかを分かるようにしました
05:17
So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together.
83
292000
6000
分子がどのように結合しているのかを観察するところから始め
05:24
We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages
84
299000
5000
マクロファージという 毛細血管を流れる細胞を
05:30
that are streaming down a capillary,
85
305000
1000
テーマに決めました
05:32
and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall,
86
307000
2000
毛細血管壁の表面に触れることで
05:35
and they're picking up information from cells
87
310000
2000
そこにある細胞から情報を得て
05:37
that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information
88
312000
4000
外部のどこかに炎症があるという
05:41
that there's an inflammation somewhere outside,
89
316000
3000
情報を手に入れるのです
05:44
where they can't see and sense.
90
319000
2000
見ることも感じることもできない場所の情報です
05:46
But they get the information that causes them to stop,
91
321000
3000
そして自分たちの機能を止めたり
05:49
causes them to internalize that they need to make
92
324000
4000
多様なパーツを作って形を変えたりする必要が
05:53
all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape,
93
328000
4000
あるかもしれないという情報を得たうえで
05:58
and try to get out of this capillary and find out what's going on.
94
333000
4000
毛細血管から離れ 何が起こっているのかを突き止めるのです
06:03
So these molecular motors -- we had to work
95
338000
2000
なので ハーバード大学の科学者たちと
06:05
with the Harvard scientists and databank models
96
340000
5000
正確な原子配置の分子のデータをもとに
06:11
of the atomically accurate molecules
97
346000
3000
分子のモーターが どのように動き
06:14
and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did.
98
349000
3000
何をしているのかを明らかにしようとしました
06:18
And figure out how to do this in a way
99
353000
2000
そして 何が起こっているのか分かる点では
06:20
that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on,
100
355000
5000
事実に即しているものの
06:26
but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell
101
361000
5000
一つの細胞に集中しすぎているがために
06:31
would prevent the vista from happening.
102
366000
3000
全体像が見えなくなっていることに気づきました
06:34
And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute
103
369000
4000
これからお見せするのは我々が制作したビデオの
06:38
Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film
104
373000
3000
3分間のダイジェスト版です
06:41
that we produced. It's an ongoing project
105
376000
3000
まだ進行中のプロジェクトで
06:44
that's going to go another four or five years.
106
379000
2000
あと4～5年は続くと思います
06:47
And I want you to look at this
107
382000
2000
このビデオの中で細胞が
06:49
and see the paths that the cell manufactures --
108
384000
4000
キネシンと呼ばれる小さな歩く機械を生み出す行程を
06:53
these little walking machines, they're called kinesins --
109
388000
3000
ご覧になってください
06:57
that take these huge loads
110
392000
1000
重い荷物を運ぶ
06:59
that would challenge an ant in relative size.
111
394000
2000
アリのようなものです
07:02
Run the movie, please.
112
397000
3000
始めてください
07:06
But these machines that power the inside of the cells
113
401000
3000
この機械が細胞を動かしているのですが
07:09
are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life
114
404000
4000
これが全ての命の基盤と言えます
07:13
because all of these machines interact with each other.
115
408000
4000
全ての機械がお互いに関わりを持っています
07:18
They pass information to each other.
116
413000
1000
お互いに情報を共有し
07:20
They cause different things to happen inside the cell.
117
415000
2000
細胞の中で色々なことを引き起こしています
07:23
And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs
118
418000
3000
細胞はすぐに
07:26
on the fly, from information
119
421000
2000
遺伝子を読み込んだ分子の中心から
07:28
that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.
120
423000
4000
情報を引き出し必要なパーツを作るのです
07:33
No life, from the smallest life to everybody here,
121
428000
4000
小さな生物の命からここにいらっしゃる皆さんの命まで
07:38
would be possible without these little micro-machines.
122
433000
2000
いかなる命もこの小さなミクロの機械無しでは生きられません
07:41
In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines,
123
436000
3000
実際 もしこの機械が無かったら
07:45
have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse.
124
440000
2000
今日この会場はがら空きだったことでしょう
07:47
(Laughter)
125
442000
4000
（笑）
07:51
(Music)
126
446000
12000
（音楽）
08:03
This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell.
127
458000
2000
これは細胞のフェデックスの配達員です
08:07
This little guy is called the kinesin,
128
462000
1000
この小さな物体がキネシンと呼ばれています
08:09
and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins
129
464000
4000
新しくできたたんぱく質でいっぱいの袋を持っていて
08:13
to wherever it's needed in the cell --
130
468000
2000
それを必要としているものに与えます
08:15
whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle,
131
470000
3000
それが細胞膜であろうと 細胞小器官であろうと
08:18
whether it's to build something or repair something.
132
473000
2000
新しく作ったり直したりするために供給します
08:20
And each of us has about 100,000 of these things
133
475000
4000
我々の誰もが これを約10万個持っており
08:24
running around, right now,
134
479000
1000
今現在も 私たちの
08:26
inside each one of your 100 trillion cells.
135
481000
3000
100兆個の細胞の中で動き回っているのです
08:29
So no matter how lazy you feel,
136
484000
2000
なので いくらあなたが怠け者でも
08:32
you're not really intrinsically doing nothing.
137
487000
2000
本質的には働き者ということです
08:34
(Laughter)
138
489000
4000
（笑）
08:38
So what I want you to do when you go home
139
493000
2000
今日家に帰ってから
08:40
is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are.
140
495000
3000
我々の細胞がいかに強力であるか考え
08:44
And think about some of the things
141
499000
1000
我々の細胞の構造について学んだことを
08:45
that we're learning about cellular mechanics.
142
500000
4000
考えてみてください
08:49
Once we figure out all that's going on --
143
504000
3000
何が起こっているのか全て分かれば
08:52
and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on --
144
507000
3000
今分かっているのは1%ほどにすぎませんが
08:56
once we figure out what's going on,
145
511000
1000
何が起こっているのか分かれば
08:57
we're really going to be able to have a lot of control
146
512000
3000
我々の健康についても思い通りに管理することが
09:00
over what we do with our health,
147
515000
2000
できるようになるでしょう
09:02
with what we do with future generations,
148
517000
3000
子孫や寿命といったようなことも
09:05
and how long we're going to live.
149
520000
1000
分かるようになるかもしれません
09:07
And hopefully we'll be able to use this
150
522000
2000
そして願わくば そこから
09:09
to discover more truth, and more beauty.
151
524000
3000
さらなる真や美を発見できるでしょう
09:12
(Music)
152
527000
14000
（音楽）
09:26
But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines,
153
541000
4000
この細胞 このミクロの機械は素晴らしいことに
09:31
are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding.
154
546000
5000
細胞が何を必要としているかを認識し供給します
09:36
They work together. They make the cell do what it needs to do.
155
551000
4000
細胞に必要なことをやらせることもできます
09:40
And their working together helps our bodies --
156
555000
6000
私たちの体 つまり彼らが決して見ることのない
09:46
huge entities that they will never see -- function properly.
157
561000
4000
巨大な存在は 彼らのおかげできちんと機能しているのです
09:51
Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you.
158
566000
1000
ありがとうございました 楽しんでください
09:52
(Applause)
159
567000
2000
（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Bolinsky - Medical animatorDavid Bolinsky and his team illustrate scientific and medical concepts with high-drama animation. You've never seen the life of a cell quite like this.
Why you should listen
Medical illustrator and animator David Bolinsky has devoted his career to displaying scientific and medical concepts in a clear, fresh light.
Since the earliest days of computer animation, he knew this art could be a powerful tool for explaining scientific concepts in ways that traditional medical illustration simply couldn't. Now, with XVIVO, the company he co-founded, he works with schools and with medical and scientific firms, turning complex processes into understandable, compelling films.
"The Inner Life of a Cell," highlighted at TED2007, represents the leading edge of medical animation, in both its technical achievement and its focus on compelling, memorable action. Created as part of the BioVision initiative to help explain cellular processes to students at Harvard's Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, the clip has captured the imagination of the press -- and reportedly, of Hollywood.
David Bolinsky | Speaker | TED.com