TEDYouth 2015
Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them
レイモンド・ワン: 飛行機内の病原菌の動き方と対処法
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
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レイモンド・ワンは17歳の若さで、より衛生的な未来を作ろうとしています。飛行機の空気の流れ方を、流体力学を使ってシュミレーションしたところ、心配な結果を得ました。客室でくしゃみをする乗客がいると、空気の流れが病原菌を他の乗客に運んでいくのです。ワンの作成したアニメーションは、客室内でくしゃみがどのように動くのかを描き、一度見たら忘れられないでしょう。小さなフィンを用いて空調からの流れを増やし、病原菌を含んだ空気がいつまでも循環することがないようにするという彼の提案した解決策は表彰されました。
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can I get a show of hands --
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手を上げてみてください
00:15
how many of you in this room
have been on a plane in this past year?
have been on a plane in this past year?
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この会場でこの１年間に
飛行機に乗られた方？
飛行機に乗られた方？
00:20
That's pretty good.
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かなりいますね
00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share that experience
share that experience
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ということは
毎年30億人以上の人々と
毎年30億人以上の人々と
00:24
with more than three billion
people every year.
people every year.
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同じ経験をしているのです
00:27
And when we put so many people
in all these metal tubes
in all these metal tubes
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飛行機がこんなにも多くの乗客を乗せて
00:30
that fly all over the world,
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世界中を飛び回わると
00:31
sometimes, things like this can happen
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時として
こういうことも起こりうり
こういうことも起こりうり
00:34
and you get a disease epidemic.
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伝染病にかかるのです
00:37
I first actually got into this topic
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私が最初に
このテーマを取り上げたのは
このテーマを取り上げたのは
00:39
when I heard about the Ebola
outbreak last year.
outbreak last year.
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去年のエボラ出血熱の
大流行を聞いた時です
大流行を聞いた時です
00:41
And it turns out that,
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こんなことが分かりました
00:43
although Ebola spreads
through these more range-limited,
through these more range-limited,
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エボラの感染は
大粒の飛沫を経由するので
大粒の飛沫を経由するので
00:46
large-droplet routes,
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到達範囲は狭いですが
00:47
there's all these other sorts of diseases
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様々な種類の病気が
00:49
that can be spread in the airplane cabin.
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飛行機の客室内で伝染しうるのです
00:51
The worst part is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers,
a look at some of the numbers,
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困ったことに
調べてみるとこんな数字が出てきて
調べてみるとこんな数字が出てきて
00:54
it's pretty scary.
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恐ろしくなってきます
00:56
So with H1N1,
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H1N1のケースでは
00:57
there was this guy that decided
to go on the plane
to go on the plane
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感染者が飛行機を利用すると
01:00
and in the matter of a single flight
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１回のフライトで
01:02
actually spread the disease
to 17 other people.
to 17 other people.
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17人に感染しました
01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARS,
other guy with SARS,
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SARSの感染者のケースでは
01:06
who managed to go on a three-hour flight
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３時間のフライトで
01:08
and spread the disease to 22 other people.
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22人に感染しました
01:11
That's not exactly my idea
of a great superpower.
of a great superpower.
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これはあまり好ましい
超能力ではありません
超能力ではありません
01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
what we also find
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さらに これらの病気を事前に検知するのが
01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen for these diseases.
to pre-screen for these diseases.
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非常に難しいのです
01:21
So when someone actually
goes on a plane,
goes on a plane,
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実際飛行機の乗客が
01:23
they could be sick
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病気だったり
01:24
and they could actually
be in this latency period
be in this latency period
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潜伏期で
01:27
in which they could actually
have the disease
have the disease
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症状が出る前ではあるけれども
01:29
but not exhibit any symptoms,
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病原菌を持っていたりすると
01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread the disease
spread the disease
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キャビンにいる多くの乗客に
01:33
to many other people in the cabin.
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病気が感染してしまうかもしれません
01:35
How that actually works is that right now
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実際どのように
感染するのでしょうか？
感染するのでしょうか？
01:37
we've got air coming in
from the top of the cabin
from the top of the cabin
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青の矢印で示すように
01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue.
as you see in blue.
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キャビンの天井や横から
空気が送られ
空気が送られ
01:41
And then also, that air goes out
through these very efficient filters
through these very efficient filters
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フィルターから排出されます
フィルターの効率は高く
フィルターの効率は高く
01:46
that eliminate 99.97 percent
of pathogens near the outlets.
of pathogens near the outlets.
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排気口では病原菌を
99.97%も除去します
99.97%も除去します
01:51
What happens right now, though,
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お見せしているのは
01:52
is that we have this
mixing airflow pattern.
mixing airflow pattern.
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気流が渦巻くパターンです
01:55
So if someone were to actually sneeze,
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くしゃみをする人がいると
01:56
that air would get swirled
around multiple times
around multiple times
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その空気がフィルターを通って
排気されるまでに
排気されるまでに
01:59
before it even has a chance
to go out through the filter.
to go out through the filter.
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何度も循環します
02:03
So I thought: clearly, this
is a pretty serious problem.
is a pretty serious problem.
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私は「これは問題だ」
と思いました
と思いました
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy a plane,
to go out and buy a plane,
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私にはこれを避けるために
自家用飛行機を買うお金はありません
自家用飛行機を買うお金はありません
02:10
so I decided to build a computer instead.
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その代り
コンピュータのソフトを作ることにしました
コンピュータのソフトを作ることにしました
02:13
It actually turns out that
with computational fluid dynamics,
with computational fluid dynamics,
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コンピュータによる流体力学で
02:16
what we're able to do
is create these simulations
is create these simulations
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シュミレーションを作ってみると
02:18
that give us higher resolutions
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実際に飛行機に乗って
計測するよりも
計測するよりも
02:20
than actually physically going
in and taking readings in the plane.
in and taking readings in the plane.
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より高い解像度のデータが得られます
02:24
And so how, essentially, this works
is you would start out
is you would start out
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どのようにするのでしょうか?
02:27
with these 2D drawings --
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２次元図面から始めてみましょう
02:29
these are floating around
in technical papers around the Internet.
in technical papers around the Internet.
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これらはネット上で
公開されている技術文書です
公開されている技術文書です
02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modeling software,
into this 3D-modeling software,
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これらを３次元モデリングのソフトに
落とし込むと
落とし込むと
02:35
really building that 3D model.
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３次元モデルができます
02:37
And then I divide that model
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
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そのモデルを細分した
小さな格子状の要素に分解し
小さな格子状の要素に分解し
02:41
essentially meshing it so that
the computer can better understand it.
the computer can better understand it.
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コンピュータがうまく扱えるようにします
02:45
And then I tell the computer where
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
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空気がキャビンの
どこから出入りするのかを入力し
どこから出入りするのかを入力し
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics
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物理を一式投入したら
02:50
and basically sit there and wait until
the computer calculates the simulation.
the computer calculates the simulation.
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コンピュータがシュミレーションを
計算するのを待つだけです
計算するのを待つだけです
02:56
So what we get, actually,
with the conventional cabin is this:
with the conventional cabin is this:
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従来のキャビンを調べて
分かったことは
分かったことは
02:59
you'll notice the middle person sneezing,
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真ん中に座っている乗客が
くしゃみをすると
くしゃみをすると
03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's faces.
right into people's faces.
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「ペシャ！」とそれが
他の乗客の顔につくのです
他の乗客の顔につくのです
03:06
It's pretty disgusting.
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ゾッとしますね
03:08
From the front, you'll notice
those two passengers
those two passengers
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前から見ると
その両脇に座る乗客にとって
その両脇に座る乗客にとって
03:11
sitting next to the central passenger
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良い状態とは言えないことが
03:12
not exactly having a great time.
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わかります
03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
at that from the side,
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横から見ると 病原菌は
03:16
you'll also notice those pathogens
spreading across the length of the cabin.
spreading across the length of the cabin.
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前後の方向に広がっていくのが分かります
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
"This is no good."
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「これは良くないな」と
まず思いました
まず思いました
03:24
So I actually conducted
more than 32 different simulations
more than 32 different simulations
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32回以上の
シュミレーションを重ねた末
シュミレーションを重ねた末
03:27
and ultimately, I came up
with this solution right here.
with this solution right here.
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このソリューションに
辿り着きました
辿り着きました
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent pending --
Global Inlet Director.
Global Inlet Director.
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グローバル・インレット・ディレクター
と名付け 特許出願中です
と名付け 特許出願中です
03:34
With this, we're able to reduce
pathogen transmission
pathogen transmission
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これにより病原菌の伝染を
03:37
by about 55 times,
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55分の１まで削減でき
03:39
and increase fresh-air inhalation
by about 190 percent.
by about 190 percent.
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また呼吸できる新鮮な空気の割合が
190%も増えます
190%も増えます
03:42
So how this actually works
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これが実際
どう機能するかというと
どう機能するかというと
03:44
is we would install this piece
of composite material
of composite material
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複合材料のこのピースを
03:47
into these existing spots
that are already in the plane.
that are already in the plane.
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飛行機内の既存のスポットに
設置します
設置します
03:50
So it's very cost-effective to install
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設置の費用効率は非常に高く
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight.
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一晩あれば設置可能です
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple
of screws in there and you're good to go.
of screws in there and you're good to go.
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２か所ネジ止めするだけです
03:57
And the results that we get
are absolutely amazing.
are absolutely amazing.
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でも その成果には
目を見張るものがあります
目を見張るものがあります
04:00
Instead of having those problematic
swirling airflow patterns,
swirling airflow patterns,
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病原菌を含んだ空気が
旋回する代わりに
旋回する代わりに
04:04
we can create these walls of air
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乗客の間に空気の壁を作るのです
04:05
that come down in-between the passengers
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乗客の間に空気の壁を作るのです
04:08
to create personalized breathing zones.
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すると個別に呼吸できるエリアが出来ます
04:09
So you'll notice the middle passenger
here is sneezing again,
here is sneezing again,
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また真ん中の乗客が
くしゃみをしますが
くしゃみをしますが
04:12
but this time, we're able
to effectively push that down
to effectively push that down
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今回は効率的に飛沫を
押し下げるので
押し下げるので
04:15
to the filters for elimination.
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フィルターで
除去できるのが分かります
除去できるのが分かります
04:18
And same thing from the side,
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横からでも同様に
04:19
you'll notice we're able to directly
push those pathogens down.
push those pathogens down.
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病原菌が直接押し下げられるのが
分かります
分かります
04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same scenario
at the same scenario
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同じシナリオですが
04:27
but with this innovation installed,
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これを設置すると
04:28
you'll notice the middle
passenger sneezes,
passenger sneezes,
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真ん中の乗客が
くしゃみをしても
くしゃみをしても
今回は排気口へと
まっすぐ流れるので
まっすぐ流れるので
04:30
and this time, we're pushing
that straight down into the outlet
that straight down into the outlet
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04:34
before it gets a chance
to infect any other people.
to infect any other people.
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他の乗客に
感染することはありません
感染することはありません
04:37
So you'll notice the two passengers
sitting next to the middle guy
sitting next to the middle guy
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だから 両脇に座っている
２人の乗客は呼吸をしても
２人の乗客は呼吸をしても
04:40
are breathing virtually
no pathogens at all.
no pathogens at all.
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実質的に
病原菌に全く感染しないのです
病原菌に全く感染しないのです
04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
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横から見ても同様に
とても効果的なシステムで
とても効果的なシステムで
04:45
you see a very efficient system.
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あることが分かります
04:47
And in short, with this system, we win.
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要するにこのシステムは
素晴らしく効果的なのです
素晴らしく効果的なのです
04:51
When we take a look at what this means,
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これが意味すること―
04:54
what we see is that this not only works
if the middle passenger sneezes,
if the middle passenger sneezes,
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真ん中の乗客のくしゃみに
効果があるだけでなく
効果があるだけでなく
04:57
but also if the window-seat
passenger sneezes
passenger sneezes
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窓側や通路側の
乗客のくしゃみにも
乗客のくしゃみにも
05:00
or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.
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効果があることです
05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world?
this mean for the world?
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世界にとって
このソリューションの意味とは何でしょうか？
このソリューションの意味とは何でしょうか？
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
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コンピュータ・シュミレーションを
05:09
from the computer simulation
into real life,
into real life,
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実際に当て嵌めてみましょう
05:12
we can see with this 3D model
that I built over here,
that I built over here,
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私が3D印刷技術を使って作った
３次元モデルで
３次元モデルで
05:15
essentially using 3D printing,
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見ることができます
05:17
we can see those same
airflow patterns coming down,
airflow patterns coming down,
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同様に空気の流れが
乗客の方に
乗客の方に
05:20
right to the passengers.
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流れているのが分かります
05:22
In the past, the SARS epidemic
actually cost the world
actually cost the world
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過去にSARSが流行した時は
05:26
about 40 billion dollars.
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世界で５兆円規模の
損失がありました
損失がありました
05:27
And in the future,
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将来的に
05:29
a big disease outbreak
could actually cost the world
could actually cost the world
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大きな病気が大流行すると
損失は360兆円以上
損失は360兆円以上
05:31
in excess of three trillion dollars.
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になるかもしれません
05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane out of service
to take an airplane out of service
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以前なら飛行機に
何か改良を加えるには
何か改良を加えるには
05:37
for one to two months,
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１､２カ月程運休させて
05:39
spend tens of thousands of man hours
and several million dollars
and several million dollars
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数万時間の工数と数億円を
05:42
to try to change something.
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費す必要がありました
05:44
But now, we're able to install
something essentially overnight
something essentially overnight
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でも今は
これを一晩で設置できて
これを一晩で設置できて
05:47
and see results right away.
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成果はすぐに現れるのです
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking
this through to certification,
this through to certification,
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これを実用化するには認定や
05:52
flight testing,
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フライト・テスト
05:54
and going through all of these
regulatory approvals processes.
regulatory approvals processes.
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そして規制当局の承認を
得なくてはなりません
得なくてはなりません
05:57
But it just really goes to show
that sometimes the best solutions
that sometimes the best solutions
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しかし お見せしましたように
時として最もシンプルなのが
時として最もシンプルなのが
06:00
are the simplest solutions.
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ベスト・ソリューションなのです
06:01
And two years ago, even,
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２年前でしたら
06:05
this project would not have happened,
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このプロジェクトはありませんでした
06:06
just because the technology then
wouldn't have supported it.
wouldn't have supported it.
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当時の技術では
できなかったことなのです
できなかったことなのです
06:09
But now with advanced computing
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でも今はコンピュータの進歩や
06:12
and how developed our Internet is,
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インターネットの発展のお蔭で
06:14
it's really the golden era for innovation.
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まさしくイノベーションの
黄金時代なのです
黄金時代なのです
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today is: why wait?
of you today is: why wait?
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今日皆さんに聞きたいこと―
「なぜ待つのですか？」
「なぜ待つのですか？」
06:20
Together, we can build the future today.
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一緒に今日から
未来を作っていきましょう
未来を作っていきましょう
06:23
Thanks.
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ありがとう
06:24
(Applause)
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（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - InventorRaymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.
Why you should listen
Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).
Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.
Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.
Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.
In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals.
Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com