TEDYouth 2015
Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them
雷蒙德．王: 飛機上的病毒如何傳播，又該如何阻止他們蔓延？
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,821,024 views
雷蒙德．王（Raymond Wang）只有十七歲，但他已經在幫助建立更加健康的未來。利用流體力學，他建立了一個飛機上空氣流動的計算模型，並發現了令人不安的事——當有人在飛機上打噴嚏時，氣流實質上會幫助病菌傳播給其他乘客。雷蒙德．王分享了一段令人難忘的動畫，有關於噴嚏是如何在機艙內傳播，以及他獲獎的解決方案：一個可以增加飛機裡新鮮氣流的小型魚鰭狀設備，並使含有病菌的空氣改道退出空氣循環。
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can I get a show of hands --
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可不可以請大家舉一下手——
00:15
how many of you in this room
have been on a plane in this past year?
have been on a plane in this past year?
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這裡有多少人，在過去一年有搭過飛機？
非常好，
00:20
That's pretty good.
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00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share that experience
share that experience
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事實證明，你與每年超過三十億的人口
分享了同樣的飛行經歷。
00:24
with more than three billion
people every year.
people every year.
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當我們把這麼多人
00:27
And when we put so many people
in all these metal tubes
in all these metal tubes
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放在那些全世界
滿天飛的金屬艙里時，
滿天飛的金屬艙里時，
00:30
that fly all over the world,
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00:31
sometimes, things like this can happen
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有時會發生這樣的事情：
00:34
and you get a disease epidemic.
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比如傳染性疾病的感染。
00:37
I first actually got into this topic
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我最初進入這個課題
00:39
when I heard about the Ebola
outbreak last year.
outbreak last year.
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是在去年聽說了埃博拉疫情爆發的時候。
事實證明，儘管埃博拉病毒是在很有限的
範圍內，以飛沫傳染的方式進行傳播的，
範圍內，以飛沫傳染的方式進行傳播的，
00:41
And it turns out that,
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00:43
although Ebola spreads
through these more range-limited,
through these more range-limited,
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00:46
large-droplet routes,
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00:47
there's all these other sorts of diseases
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但仍有很多其它的疾病
會在機艙中傳播。
會在機艙中傳播。
00:49
that can be spread in the airplane cabin.
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最糟的是，當我們看到這些數據時，
00:51
The worst part is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers,
a look at some of the numbers,
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00:54
it's pretty scary.
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真的令人感到害怕。
00:56
So with H1N1,
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假如一個攜帶有H1N1病毒的傢伙
決定了要登上飛機，
決定了要登上飛機，
00:57
there was this guy that decided
to go on the plane
to go on the plane
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光是單次航班，他就會把
疾病傳播給17個人。
疾病傳播給17個人。
01:00
and in the matter of a single flight
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01:02
actually spread the disease
to 17 other people.
to 17 other people.
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01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARS,
other guy with SARS,
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再假如還有另一個傢伙感染了SARS，
01:06
who managed to go on a three-hour flight
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登上了一個三小時的航班，
01:08
and spread the disease to 22 other people.
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那麼他可以把疾病傳播給22個人。
01:11
That's not exactly my idea
of a great superpower.
of a great superpower.
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我沒有料想到病毒在飛機上
的傳播力如此驚人。
的傳播力如此驚人。
看一下這張圖，我們會發現，
01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
what we also find
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01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen for these diseases.
to pre-screen for these diseases.
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要事先篩檢出這些疾病是非常困難的，
01:21
So when someone actually
goes on a plane,
goes on a plane,
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所以，那些上了飛機的人
01:23
they could be sick
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01:24
and they could actually
be in this latency period
be in this latency period
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他們可能患了疾病，
只是當時仍在潛伏期
01:27
in which they could actually
have the disease
have the disease
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尚未表現出任何症狀，
01:29
but not exhibit any symptoms,
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01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread the disease
spread the disease
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於是他們就可能把疾病傳染
01:33
to many other people in the cabin.
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給機艙中的其他旅客。
01:35
How that actually works is that right now
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那麼這究竟是如何發生的呢？
空氣是由機艙內上方
及側邊的出氣口進入，
及側邊的出氣口進入，
01:37
we've got air coming in
from the top of the cabin
from the top of the cabin
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01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue.
as you see in blue.
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正如圖上的藍色箭頭所示。
01:41
And then also, that air goes out
through these very efficient filters
through these very efficient filters
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然後，空氣經由高效的
過濾設備排出機艙，
過濾設備排出機艙，
其中99.7%的病菌都可被除去。
01:46
that eliminate 99.97 percent
of pathogens near the outlets.
of pathogens near the outlets.
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然而，實際情況是，
01:51
What happens right now, though,
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空氣是以複雜的混合氣流
模式在機艙內流通，
模式在機艙內流通，
01:52
is that we have this
mixing airflow pattern.
mixing airflow pattern.
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01:55
So if someone were to actually sneeze,
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所以如果有人打了噴嚏，
01:56
that air would get swirled
around multiple times
around multiple times
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周圍空氣就會多次成渦旋態打轉，
01:59
before it even has a chance
to go out through the filter.
to go out through the filter.
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然後才有機會從過濾器排除。
02:03
So I thought: clearly, this
is a pretty serious problem.
is a pretty serious problem.
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所以我認為，很明顯，
這是個嚴重的問題，
這是個嚴重的問題，
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy a plane,
to go out and buy a plane,
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我沒有足夠的錢
去買台飛機，
去買台飛機，
02:10
so I decided to build a computer instead.
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所以乾脆搞一部電腦來代替。
02:13
It actually turns out that
with computational fluid dynamics,
with computational fluid dynamics,
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事實表明，利用流體動力學進行模擬，
02:16
what we're able to do
is create these simulations
is create these simulations
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比親自搭飛機採集數據更能精確地
得到我們所需要的結果，
得到我們所需要的結果，
02:18
that give us higher resolutions
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02:20
than actually physically going
in and taking readings in the plane.
in and taking readings in the plane.
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02:24
And so how, essentially, this works
is you would start out
is you would start out
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那麼要如何開始呢？
你可以從網路上的技術資料中
找到這些二維平面圖。
找到這些二維平面圖。
02:27
with these 2D drawings --
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02:29
these are floating around
in technical papers around the Internet.
in technical papers around the Internet.
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02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modeling software,
into this 3D-modeling software,
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我將它們導入到這個3D模型軟體中，
02:35
really building that 3D model.
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實際地建構一個3D模型。
02:37
And then I divide that model
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
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然後把剛才建置的模型分成小部分，
02:41
essentially meshing it so that
the computer can better understand it.
the computer can better understand it.
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有效編排後，讓電腦能夠
更好地讀取信息。
更好地讀取信息。
02:45
And then I tell the computer where
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
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然後我告訴電腦，
機艙內氣體流動的狀況，
機艙內氣體流動的狀況，
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics
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運用一些物理學知識，
02:50
and basically sit there and wait until
the computer calculates the simulation.
the computer calculates the simulation.
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然後只要坐在一邊，
等電腦模擬出結果就可以了。
等電腦模擬出結果就可以了。
02:56
So what we get, actually,
with the conventional cabin is this:
with the conventional cabin is this:
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所以，傳統機艙中
得到的結果是這樣的：
得到的結果是這樣的：
02:59
you'll notice the middle person sneezing,
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你會注意到，當中間這個人打噴嚏時，
03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's faces.
right into people's faces.
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我們也會“啪的一聲”，被噴得滿臉都是，
03:06
It's pretty disgusting.
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非常噁心。
03:08
From the front, you'll notice
those two passengers
those two passengers
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從正面來看，你會注意到旁邊的兩位乘客
03:11
sitting next to the central passenger
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也完全無法避免。
03:12
not exactly having a great time.
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03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
at that from the side,
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我們從側面來看，
03:16
you'll also notice those pathogens
spreading across the length of the cabin.
spreading across the length of the cabin.
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你也會注意病原體
可以橫跨整個機艙。
可以橫跨整個機艙。
我的第一反應是＂這下真的不妙了＂。
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
"This is no good."
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03:24
So I actually conducted
more than 32 different simulations
more than 32 different simulations
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所以我又模擬了超過32種不同的情況，
03:27
and ultimately, I came up
with this solution right here.
with this solution right here.
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最後想到這個辦法。
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent pending --
Global Inlet Director.
Global Inlet Director.
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我稱之為全方位進氣導引器（專利申請中），
03:34
With this, we're able to reduce
pathogen transmission
pathogen transmission
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此裝置能將病原體
傳播的可能性減少55倍，
傳播的可能性減少55倍，
03:37
by about 55 times,
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將空氣清新度提升190%。
03:39
and increase fresh-air inhalation
by about 190 percent.
by about 190 percent.
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03:42
So how this actually works
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那麼它具體是怎麼工作的呢？
03:44
is we would install this piece
of composite material
of composite material
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我們只需要把這塊複合材料
裝在飛機上現有的氣孔上，
裝在飛機上現有的氣孔上，
03:47
into these existing spots
that are already in the plane.
that are already in the plane.
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03:50
So it's very cost-effective to install
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這非常合乎成本效益，
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight.
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工期非常短。
我們只要鎖上螺絲便大功告成，
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple
of screws in there and you're good to go.
of screws in there and you're good to go.
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03:57
And the results that we get
are absolutely amazing.
are absolutely amazing.
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結果讓我們很驚訝。
04:00
Instead of having those problematic
swirling airflow patterns,
swirling airflow patterns,
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避開了那些有問題的漩渦氣流模式，
04:04
we can create these walls of air
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取而代之的是，我們在乘客中間
建立了這些空氣牆，
建立了這些空氣牆，
04:05
that come down in-between the passengers
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04:08
to create personalized breathing zones.
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來創造出私人的呼吸領域。
04:09
So you'll notice the middle passenger
here is sneezing again,
here is sneezing again,
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這樣你會發現當中間的乘客
再打噴嚏時，
再打噴嚏時，
我們就能夠有效地迫使帶有病菌
的空氣向下流動，直接經由過濾器排出。
的空氣向下流動，直接經由過濾器排出。
04:12
but this time, we're able
to effectively push that down
to effectively push that down
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04:15
to the filters for elimination.
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04:18
And same thing from the side,
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同樣從側邊再看一下，
04:19
you'll notice we're able to directly
push those pathogens down.
push those pathogens down.
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你可以注意到我們也可以
將這些氣體直接下沉。
將這些氣體直接下沉。
04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same scenario
at the same scenario
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安裝了這個新的設計，
現在再看一下同樣的情形，
04:27
but with this innovation installed,
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04:28
you'll notice the middle
passenger sneezes,
passenger sneezes,
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你會發現中間乘客打噴嚏時，
04:30
and this time, we're pushing
that straight down into the outlet
that straight down into the outlet
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這次我們能夠在病原體感染其他人之前，
直接把牠傳送到濾氣孔。
直接把牠傳送到濾氣孔。
04:34
before it gets a chance
to infect any other people.
to infect any other people.
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04:37
So you'll notice the two passengers
sitting next to the middle guy
sitting next to the middle guy
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所以，你可以注意到，
中間乘客身邊的兩位乘客
完全不會吸入病菌。
完全不會吸入病菌。
04:40
are breathing virtually
no pathogens at all.
no pathogens at all.
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04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
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也可以從側面看出，
04:45
you see a very efficient system.
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這个系統非常有效。
04:47
And in short, with this system, we win.
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總而言之，有了這個系統，我們贏了。
所以當我們再進一步
看看它的效果時，
看看它的效果時，
04:51
When we take a look at what this means,
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04:54
what we see is that this not only works
if the middle passenger sneezes,
if the middle passenger sneezes,
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可以看到，這不僅在中間位置
的乘客打噴嚏時有效，
的乘客打噴嚏時有效，
04:57
but also if the window-seat
passenger sneezes
passenger sneezes
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也對窗邊或者走道邊
的乘客非常有效。
的乘客非常有效。
05:00
or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.
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05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world?
this mean for the world?
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那麼，這個解決方案對世界有甚麼意義？
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
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現在我們從電腦模擬
轉移到現實生活中來，
轉移到現實生活中來，
05:09
from the computer simulation
into real life,
into real life,
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05:12
we can see with this 3D model
that I built over here,
that I built over here,
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在利用3D列印
做好這個3D模型後，
做好這個3D模型後，
05:15
essentially using 3D printing,
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05:17
we can see those same
airflow patterns coming down,
airflow patterns coming down,
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我們能夠看到氣流
直接對著乘客往下流動。
直接對著乘客往下流動。
05:20
right to the passengers.
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05:22
In the past, the SARS epidemic
actually cost the world
actually cost the world
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過去， 流感SARS讓整個世界
05:26
about 40 billion dollars.
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損失大約四百億元。
未來，一場嚴重傳染性疾病的爆發
05:27
And in the future,
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05:29
a big disease outbreak
could actually cost the world
could actually cost the world
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可能花費全球超過三萬億美元。
05:31
in excess of three trillion dollars.
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05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane out of service
to take an airplane out of service
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過去，你通常得讓飛機停飛一兩個月，
05:37
for one to two months,
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投入好幾萬小時的人力、花數百萬元
05:39
spend tens of thousands of man hours
and several million dollars
and several million dollars
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05:42
to try to change something.
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來試著解決一些問題。
05:44
But now, we're able to install
something essentially overnight
something essentially overnight
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但現在，我們只需花上一個晚上
安裝一下這個東西，
安裝一下這個東西，
05:47
and see results right away.
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馬上就可以看到結果。
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking
this through to certification,
this through to certification,
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實際上，現在只需要
把這個結果拿去認證，
把這個結果拿去認證，
05:52
flight testing,
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05:54
and going through all of these
regulatory approvals processes.
regulatory approvals processes.
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進行飛行測試，再通過這些常規的
批准過程就可以了。
批准過程就可以了。
05:57
But it just really goes to show
that sometimes the best solutions
that sometimes the best solutions
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這也說明，有時候最好的辦法
06:00
are the simplest solutions.
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其實就是最簡單的方式。
06:01
And two years ago, even,
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但在兩年前，這個項目
根本沒有辦法實施，
根本沒有辦法實施，
06:05
this project would not have happened,
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06:06
just because the technology then
wouldn't have supported it.
wouldn't have supported it.
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只因為當時的技術還不夠成熟。
06:09
But now with advanced computing
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但如今，有了先進的運算方式及
網路的蓬勃發展，
網路的蓬勃發展，
06:12
and how developed our Internet is,
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06:14
it's really the golden era for innovation.
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現在正是創新的黃金時代。
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today is: why wait?
of you today is: why wait?
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所以我今天要問大家的是：
『還在等什麼？』
『還在等什麼？』
06:20
Together, we can build the future today.
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以我們共同的力量，
我們今天就可以創造未來。
我們今天就可以創造未來。
06:23
Thanks.
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謝謝大家！
06:24
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - InventorRaymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.
Why you should listen
Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).
Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.
Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.
Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.
In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals.
Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com