TEDYouth 2015
Raymond Wang: How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them
Raymond Wang: Jak bakterie cestují letadlem - a jak tomu zabránit
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
1,821,024 views
Teprve sedmnáctiletý Raymond Wang pomáhá tvořit zdravější budoucnost. Vytvořil počítačovou simulaci na základě principů aerodynamiky, o tom, jak se pohybuje vzduch na palubě dopravních letadel, a došel ke znepokojivému zjištění - když někdo v letadle kýchne, cirkulace vzduchu přispívá vlastně k tomu, aby se patogeny rozšířily k ostatním pasažérům. Wang nás seznámí s nezapomenutelnou animací, jak kapénky putují po palubě letadla, a zároveň i se svým řešením tohoto problému, za které obdržel cenu. Jde o malé zařízení ve tvaru ploutve, které do oběhu vpouští více čerstvého vzduchu, kdežto vzduch obsahující patogeny naopak odvádí.
Raymond Wang - Inventor
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Raymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Can I get a show of hands --
0
1713
1366
Zvedněte prosím ruku,
00:15
how many of you in this room
have been on a plane in this past year?
have been on a plane in this past year?
1
3103
3702
kdo jste letos cestoval letadlem?
00:20
That's pretty good.
2
8258
1153
To není špatné.
00:21
Well, it turns out that you
share that experience
share that experience
3
9435
2885
Více než 3 miliardy lidí ročně
00:24
with more than three billion
people every year.
people every year.
4
12344
2835
mají tento stejný zážitek.
00:27
And when we put so many people
in all these metal tubes
in all these metal tubes
5
15203
3137
A když do létajících
kovových krabiček
kovových krabiček
00:30
that fly all over the world,
6
18364
1586
zavřete tolik lidí,
00:31
sometimes, things like this can happen
7
19974
2673
stane se občas něco
jako tohle -
jako tohle -
00:34
and you get a disease epidemic.
8
22671
1887
- a je tady epidemie.
00:37
I first actually got into this topic
9
25116
1951
Poprvé mi to došlo,
00:39
when I heard about the Ebola
outbreak last year.
outbreak last year.
10
27091
2632
když loni propukla Ebola.
00:41
And it turns out that,
11
29747
1460
Ta se sice šíří většími kapénkami,
00:43
although Ebola spreads
through these more range-limited,
through these more range-limited,
12
31231
2830
takže má menší infekční rozptyl,
00:46
large-droplet routes,
13
34085
1334
00:47
there's all these other sorts of diseases
14
35443
1978
ale řada dalších chorob
se v letadle šíří snadno.
se v letadle šíří snadno.
00:49
that can be spread in the airplane cabin.
15
37445
1976
00:51
The worst part is, when we take
a look at some of the numbers,
a look at some of the numbers,
16
39445
3184
A čísla, která vám teď ukážu,
00:54
it's pretty scary.
17
42653
1413
jsou celkem děsivá.
00:56
So with H1N1,
18
44090
1760
Do jednoho letadla
00:57
there was this guy that decided
to go on the plane
to go on the plane
19
45874
2389
se dostal chlápek s H1N1
01:00
and in the matter of a single flight
20
48287
1771
a za jediný let
01:02
actually spread the disease
to 17 other people.
to 17 other people.
21
50082
2254
nakazil 17 dalších lidí.
01:04
And then there was this
other guy with SARS,
other guy with SARS,
22
52360
2128
Jindy zas chlápek se SARS
01:06
who managed to go on a three-hour flight
23
54512
2102
nakazil během 3hodinového letu
01:08
and spread the disease to 22 other people.
24
56638
2842
dalších 22 lidí.
01:11
That's not exactly my idea
of a great superpower.
of a great superpower.
25
59504
3408
Takovouto superschopnost
bych nechtěl.
bych nechtěl.
01:15
When we take a look at this,
what we also find
what we also find
26
63658
2564
Dokládá to, že nemoci
01:18
is that it's very difficult
to pre-screen for these diseases.
to pre-screen for these diseases.
27
66246
2976
se před vstupem do letadla
jen těžko odhalují.
jen těžko odhalují.
01:21
So when someone actually
goes on a plane,
goes on a plane,
28
69619
2091
Můžete nastoupit do letadla
01:23
they could be sick
29
71734
1206
a být v latentní fázi nějaké nemoci,
01:24
and they could actually
be in this latency period
be in this latency period
30
72964
2395
takže i když jste nemocní,
01:27
in which they could actually
have the disease
have the disease
31
75383
2159
nemáte žádné příznaky.
01:29
but not exhibit any symptoms,
32
77566
1572
01:31
and they could, in turn,
spread the disease
spread the disease
33
79162
2191
A potom tu nemoc
přenášíte na své spolucestující.
01:33
to many other people in the cabin.
34
81377
1673
01:35
How that actually works is that right now
35
83074
2082
Ukážu vám jak.
Ze strany a seshora proudí
letadlem vzduch.
letadlem vzduch.
01:37
we've got air coming in
from the top of the cabin
from the top of the cabin
36
85180
2286
01:39
and from the side of the cabin,
as you see in blue.
as you see in blue.
37
87490
2426
Je vyznačený modře.
01:41
And then also, that air goes out
through these very efficient filters
through these very efficient filters
38
89940
4202
Potom je vzduch odsáván
výkonnými filtry.
výkonnými filtry.
01:46
that eliminate 99.97 percent
of pathogens near the outlets.
of pathogens near the outlets.
39
94166
4548
Když filtr nasaje vzduch,
eliminuje asi 99,97 % patogenů.
eliminuje asi 99,97 % patogenů.
01:51
What happens right now, though,
40
99444
1477
Jenomže vzduchové proudy
se před odsátím promísí.
se před odsátím promísí.
01:52
is that we have this
mixing airflow pattern.
mixing airflow pattern.
41
100945
2067
01:55
So if someone were to actually sneeze,
42
103036
1832
Když někdo kýchne,
01:56
that air would get swirled
around multiple times
around multiple times
43
104892
2704
tak než filtry ten vzduch odsají,
01:59
before it even has a chance
to go out through the filter.
to go out through the filter.
44
107620
3245
stihne se kolem vás
několikrát protočit.
několikrát protočit.
02:03
So I thought: clearly, this
is a pretty serious problem.
is a pretty serious problem.
45
111785
3213
Přišlo mi to jako vážný problém.
02:07
I didn't have the money
to go out and buy a plane,
to go out and buy a plane,
46
115022
3733
Ale nemám peníze,
abych si postavil letadlo,
abych si postavil letadlo,
02:10
so I decided to build a computer instead.
47
118779
2238
a tak jsem si postavil počítač.
02:13
It actually turns out that
with computational fluid dynamics,
with computational fluid dynamics,
48
121041
3272
Ten mi s pomocí výpočetní aerodynamiky
02:16
what we're able to do
is create these simulations
is create these simulations
49
124337
2601
umožnil vše simulovat
02:18
that give us higher resolutions
50
126962
1794
s ještě přesnějšími daty,
02:20
than actually physically going
in and taking readings in the plane.
in and taking readings in the plane.
51
128780
3620
než kdybych to měřil
přímo v letadle.
přímo v letadle.
02:24
And so how, essentially, this works
is you would start out
is you would start out
52
132836
3014
Vyšel jsem z 2D nákresů
technické dokumentace letadla.
technické dokumentace letadla.
02:27
with these 2D drawings --
53
135874
1672
02:29
these are floating around
in technical papers around the Internet.
in technical papers around the Internet.
54
137570
3128
Je dostupná na internetu.
Já si ji stáhl
02:32
I take that and then I put it
into this 3D-modeling software,
into this 3D-modeling software,
55
140722
2893
a s pomocí modelovacího softwaru
vytvořil 3D model.
vytvořil 3D model.
02:35
really building that 3D model.
56
143639
1779
02:37
And then I divide that model
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
that I just built into these tiny pieces,
57
145442
4459
Ten jsem potom rozdělil
na malinké části
na malinké části
a ty zase poskládal,
aby to počítač lépe pochopil.
aby to počítač lépe pochopil.
02:41
essentially meshing it so that
the computer can better understand it.
the computer can better understand it.
58
149925
3577
02:45
And then I tell the computer where
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
the air goes in and out of the cabin,
59
153526
3721
Potom jsem zadal,
kde jsou vzduchové filtry,
kde jsou vzduchové filtry,
02:49
throw in a bunch of physics
60
157271
1499
přihodil spoustu fyziky
02:50
and basically sit there and wait until
the computer calculates the simulation.
the computer calculates the simulation.
61
158794
4221
a počkal, dokud počítač
nepropočítá simulaci.
nepropočítá simulaci.
02:56
So what we get, actually,
with the conventional cabin is this:
with the conventional cabin is this:
62
164015
3627
V běžném letadle
to vypadá následovně.
to vypadá následovně.
02:59
you'll notice the middle person sneezing,
63
167666
2247
Osoba na prostředním
sedadle například kýchne
sedadle například kýchne
03:02
and we go "Splat!" -- it goes
right into people's faces.
right into people's faces.
64
170767
3392
a ostatním lidem to jde
přímo do obličeje.
přímo do obličeje.
03:06
It's pretty disgusting.
65
174882
1821
Pěkná nechuťárna.
03:08
From the front, you'll notice
those two passengers
those two passengers
66
176727
2348
Při pohledu zepředu vidíte,
že si to lidé sedící
vedle osoby uprostřed
vedle osoby uprostřed
03:11
sitting next to the central passenger
67
179099
1786
03:12
not exactly having a great time.
68
180909
1706
pěkně odskáčou.
03:14
And when we take a look
at that from the side,
at that from the side,
69
182639
2186
A při pohledu z boku vidíte,
03:16
you'll also notice those pathogens
spreading across the length of the cabin.
spreading across the length of the cabin.
70
184849
3993
že se patogeny šíří letadlem i na délku.
03:22
The first thing I thought was,
"This is no good."
"This is no good."
71
190017
2350
"To není dobrý,"
řekl jsem si hned.
řekl jsem si hned.
03:24
So I actually conducted
more than 32 different simulations
more than 32 different simulations
72
192391
3508
A tak jsem provedl dalších 32 simulací
03:27
and ultimately, I came up
with this solution right here.
with this solution right here.
73
195923
3365
a přišel nakonec na tohle řešení.
03:31
This is what I call a -- patent pending --
Global Inlet Director.
Global Inlet Director.
74
199312
3516
Dal jsem to patentovat jako
"Komplexní vstupní směrovač".
"Komplexní vstupní směrovač".
03:34
With this, we're able to reduce
pathogen transmission
pathogen transmission
75
202852
2566
Tahle věc asi 55x snižuje
03:37
by about 55 times,
76
205442
1768
riziko přenosu patogenů
03:39
and increase fresh-air inhalation
by about 190 percent.
by about 190 percent.
77
207234
3153
a o 190 % zvyšuje
přívod čerstvého vzduchu.
přívod čerstvého vzduchu.
03:42
So how this actually works
78
210411
1604
Úplně stačí,
když kousky tohoto kompozitního materiálu
03:44
is we would install this piece
of composite material
of composite material
79
212039
3129
připevníte v letadle na vytipovaná místa.
03:47
into these existing spots
that are already in the plane.
that are already in the plane.
80
215192
2968
03:50
So it's very cost-effective to install
81
218184
2001
Instalace je tedy nenákladná
03:52
and we can do this directly overnight.
82
220209
1848
a dá se udělat ze dne na den.
03:54
All we have to do is put a couple
of screws in there and you're good to go.
of screws in there and you're good to go.
83
222081
3548
Stačí pár šroubků,
a je hotovo.
a je hotovo.
A vede to k naprosto báječným výsledkům.
03:57
And the results that we get
are absolutely amazing.
are absolutely amazing.
84
225653
2859
04:00
Instead of having those problematic
swirling airflow patterns,
swirling airflow patterns,
85
228536
3536
Vzduch se přestane vířivě mísit,
a vytvoří naopak pro každého pasažéra
04:04
we can create these walls of air
86
232096
1742
04:05
that come down in-between the passengers
87
233862
2170
individuální dechovou zónu.
04:08
to create personalized breathing zones.
88
236056
1898
04:09
So you'll notice the middle passenger
here is sneezing again,
here is sneezing again,
89
237978
2985
Takže když ten pasažér
uprostřed zase kýchne,
uprostřed zase kýchne,
jde to hned dolů
04:12
but this time, we're able
to effectively push that down
to effectively push that down
90
240987
2713
a pak skrze filtry ven.
04:15
to the filters for elimination.
91
243724
2713
04:18
And same thing from the side,
92
246461
1396
Totéž ze strany:
04:19
you'll notice we're able to directly
push those pathogens down.
push those pathogens down.
93
247881
3229
patogeny jdou hned dolů.
04:23
So if you take a look again now
at the same scenario
at the same scenario
94
251682
3494
Teď pustím simulaci, jak to vypadá
po instalaci našeho zařízení.
po instalaci našeho zařízení.
04:27
but with this innovation installed,
95
255200
1689
04:28
you'll notice the middle
passenger sneezes,
passenger sneezes,
96
256913
2016
Osoba uprostřed kýchne,
04:30
and this time, we're pushing
that straight down into the outlet
that straight down into the outlet
97
258953
3073
ale teď to jde rovnou dolů a pryč,
04:34
before it gets a chance
to infect any other people.
to infect any other people.
98
262050
3721
takže není prostor pro vznik nákazy.
04:37
So you'll notice the two passengers
sitting next to the middle guy
sitting next to the middle guy
99
265795
3124
Ke spolucestujícím na krajních sedadlech
se prakticky žádné patogeny nedostanou.
se prakticky žádné patogeny nedostanou.
04:40
are breathing virtually
no pathogens at all.
no pathogens at all.
100
268943
2233
04:43
Take a look at that from the side as well,
101
271200
2528
Totéž ještě ze strany.
04:45
you see a very efficient system.
102
273752
1555
Vidíte, jak je to účinné.
04:47
And in short, with this system, we win.
103
275331
2622
Za tento systém jsme ostatně vyhráli cenu.
04:51
When we take a look at what this means,
104
279255
2889
Funguje to samozřejmě
04:54
what we see is that this not only works
if the middle passenger sneezes,
if the middle passenger sneezes,
105
282168
3472
nejen na kýchající pasažéry,
co sedí uprostřed,
co sedí uprostřed,
04:57
but also if the window-seat
passenger sneezes
passenger sneezes
106
285664
2774
ale i na ty, co sedí
u okýnka nebo u uličky.
u okýnka nebo u uličky.
05:00
or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.
107
288462
2095
05:03
And so with this solution, what does
this mean for the world?
this mean for the world?
108
291167
3087
A co to znamená v reálu?
05:06
Well, when we take a look at this
109
294278
3514
Tohle už není počítačová simulace,
05:09
from the computer simulation
into real life,
into real life,
110
297816
2569
ale jak to vypadá ve skutečnosti.
05:12
we can see with this 3D model
that I built over here,
that I built over here,
111
300409
2762
Je to 3D model, který jsem vytvořil
s pomocí 3D tiskárny.
s pomocí 3D tiskárny.
05:15
essentially using 3D printing,
112
303195
2088
05:17
we can see those same
airflow patterns coming down,
airflow patterns coming down,
113
305307
2959
Proud vzduchu opět stéká dolů na pasažéry.
05:20
right to the passengers.
114
308290
1586
05:22
In the past, the SARS epidemic
actually cost the world
actually cost the world
115
310920
3070
Epidemie SARS způsobila před časem škody
asi za 40 miliard dolarů.
asi za 40 miliard dolarů.
05:26
about 40 billion dollars.
116
314014
1929
05:27
And in the future,
117
315967
1159
Kdyby v budoucnu propukla
nějaká závažná epidemie,
nějaká závažná epidemie,
05:29
a big disease outbreak
could actually cost the world
could actually cost the world
118
317150
2546
05:31
in excess of three trillion dollars.
119
319720
1858
náklady patrně
převýší 3 biliony dolarů.
převýší 3 biliony dolarů.
05:33
So before, it used to be that you had
to take an airplane out of service
to take an airplane out of service
120
321942
3477
Dříve to znamenalo vyřadit letadlo
na jeden dva měsíce z provozu.
na jeden dva měsíce z provozu.
05:37
for one to two months,
121
325443
1872
05:39
spend tens of thousands of man hours
and several million dollars
and several million dollars
122
327339
3572
Na zlepšení se pracovalo tisíce hodin
a vynaložilo se několik milionů dolarů.
05:42
to try to change something.
123
330935
1323
05:44
But now, we're able to install
something essentially overnight
something essentially overnight
124
332282
3511
Teď stačí jednoduchá instalace
v podstatě ze dne na den
v podstatě ze dne na den
05:47
and see results right away.
125
335817
1727
a hned vidíte výsledky.
05:49
So it's really now a matter of taking
this through to certification,
this through to certification,
126
337568
3206
Čekáme tedy už jen na certifikaci,
05:52
flight testing,
127
340798
1190
první testy a různé schvalovací procesy.
05:54
and going through all of these
regulatory approvals processes.
regulatory approvals processes.
128
342012
2992
05:57
But it just really goes to show
that sometimes the best solutions
that sometimes the best solutions
129
345028
3064
Věříme, že se potvrdí,
že nejlepší řešení
jsou někdy ta nejjednodušší.
jsou někdy ta nejjednodušší.
06:00
are the simplest solutions.
130
348116
1438
06:01
And two years ago, even,
131
349935
3190
Ještě před dvěma lety
by takový projekt nebyl možný.
by takový projekt nebyl možný.
06:05
this project would not have happened,
132
353149
1769
06:06
just because the technology then
wouldn't have supported it.
wouldn't have supported it.
133
354942
2826
Nebyla tehdy dostupná
potřebná technologie.
potřebná technologie.
06:09
But now with advanced computing
134
357792
2469
Díky pokročilým možnostem
programování a internetu
programování a internetu
06:12
and how developed our Internet is,
135
360285
2186
06:14
it's really the golden era for innovation.
136
362495
2639
nastala zlatá éra inovací.
06:17
And so the question I ask all
of you today is: why wait?
of you today is: why wait?
137
365158
3243
Otázka tak zní: Nač čekat?
Už dnes můžeme společně tvořit budoucnost.
06:20
Together, we can build the future today.
138
368425
2321
06:23
Thanks.
139
371123
1151
Děkuji.
06:24
(Applause)
140
372298
3106
(potlesk.)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Raymond Wang - InventorRaymond Wang won the top prize in the 2015 Intel Science and Engineering Fair for his invention that circulates fresh air on planes and reduces transmission of germs between passengers.
Why you should listen
Raymond Wang is a Canadian youth innovator who is passionate about science, technology, engineering and entrepreneurship. He is one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20, and most recently, the recipient of the Gordon E. Moore award for the Top Project at the 2015 Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF).
Raymond enjoys exploring STEM and promoting global sustainability. His latest engineering innovations, including his work with aircraft cabin airflow and his inventions of the “Weather Harvester,” “Smart Knee Assistant” and "Smart Bin,” have achieved international recognition.
Raymond is enthusiastic about inspiring others to pursue STEM opportunities. He actively reaches out to the local community through camps & associations, in addition to communities around the world through YouTube & Modern Media.
Having a strong passion for sustainability, Raymond has founded Sustainable Youth Canada, a youth-led non-profit organization dedicated to empowering young people in Affiliated Regions established from coast to coast to be leaders in tackling issues with environmental and energy sustainability.
In his spare time, Raymond enjoys exploring music as both a National Youth Band clarinetist and an avid pianist. He is also a keen director of films and videos; many of his productions have been recognized at local film festivals.
Raymond envisions himself pursuing a career in science, applying research and innovation with a business approach to do his part in bettering the world.
Raymond Wang | Speaker | TED.com