ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bill Gross - Idea guy
Bill Gross founded Idealab, an incubator of new inventions, ideas and businesses.

Why you should listen

Bill Gross is the founder of Idealab, a business incubator focused on new ideas. (He's now the chair and CEO.) He helped create GoTo.com, the first sponsored search company. He also created the Snap! search engine, which allows users to preview hyperlinks. 

Gross has been an entrepreneur since high school, when he founded a solar energy company. In college, he patented a new loudspeaker design, and after school he started a company that was later acquired by Lotus, and then launched an educational software publishing company. Now, he serves on the boards of companies in the areas of automation, software and renewable energy.

More profile about the speaker
Bill Gross | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Bill Gross: The single biggest reason why start-ups succeed

Bill Gross: A maior razão pela qual startups obtêm sucesso

Filmed:
7,578,583 views

Bill Gross fundou uma série de startups e incubou muitas outras. Ele ficou curioso em descobrir por que algumas obtiveram sucesso e outras não. Então, reuniu dados de centenas de suas companhias e de outras pessoas e classificou cada uma em cinco fatores-chave. Ele descobriu um fator que se destaca dos outros, o que surpreendeu até a ele.
- Idea guy
Bill Gross founded Idealab, an incubator of new inventions, ideas and businesses. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Estou muito empolgado
em compartilhar com vocês
00:12
I'm really excited to share with you
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00:14
some findings that really surprise me
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algumas descobertas
que me surpreenderam muito
quanto ao que mais importa
para o sucesso das companhias;
00:17
about what makes companies
succeed the most,
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00:20
what factors actually matter the most
for startup success.
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quais são os fatores mais importantes
para o sucesso de uma startup.
Acredito que a organização startup
00:25
I believe that the startup organization
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00:27
is one of the greatest forms
to make the world a better place.
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seja uma das formas mais incríveis
de tornar o mundo um lugar melhor.
Se escolhemos um grupo de pessoas
com os incentivos de capital certos
00:31
If you take a group of people
with the right equity incentives
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00:34
and organize them in a startup,
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e o organizamos em uma startup,
00:36
you can unlock human potential
in a way never before possible.
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podemos revelar potencial humano
de um modo jamais imaginado antes.
00:40
You get them to achieve
unbelievable things.
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Conseguimos que elas conquistem
coisas inacreditáveis.
Mas se a organização startup
é tão incrível,
00:43
But if the startup
organization is so great,
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00:45
why do so many fail?
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por que tantas delas fracassam?
00:47
That's what I wanted to find out.
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Era o que eu queria descobrir.
Queria descobrir o que mais importa
no sucesso de uma startup.
00:48
I wanted to find out what
actually matters most
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00:51
for startup success.
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E queria tentar ser sistemático nisso,
00:52
And I wanted to try
to be systematic about it,
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evitando alguns dos meus instintos
e talvez percepções errôneas
00:54
avoid some of my instincts
and maybe misperceptions I have
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que tenho de companhias
que venho observando ao longo dos anos.
00:57
from so many companies
I've seen over the years.
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01:00
I wanted to know this
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Quis saber isso porque venho iniciando
negócios desde os meus 12 anos,
01:01
because I've been starting businesses
since I was 12 years old
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quando vendia doce no ponto de ônibus
da escola secundária;
01:04
when I sold candy at the bus stop
in junior high school,
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no colégio, quando fiz
aparelhos de energia solar;
01:07
to high school, when I made
solar energy devices,
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01:09
to college, when I made loudspeakers.
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na faculdade fiz alto-falantes,
01:11
And when I graduated from college,
I started software companies.
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e quando me formei,
fundei companhias de software.
E há 20 anos, fundei a Idealab,
01:14
And 20 years ago,
I started Idealab,
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01:16
and in the last 20 years,
we started more than 100 companies,
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e desde então, fundamos
mais de 100 companhias,
01:19
many successes, and many big failures.
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muitos sucessos e grandes fracassos.
01:21
We learned a lot from those failures.
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Aprendemos muito com esses fracassos.
Então tentei perceber quais fatores
01:23
So I tried to look across what factors
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01:26
accounted the most for company
success and failure.
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representavam mais para o sucesso
e o fracasso de uma companhia.
01:29
So I looked at these five.
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Observei esses cinco fatores:
primeiro, a ideia.
01:31
First, the idea.
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01:32
I used to think that
the idea was everything.
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A ideia era tudo para mim.
Nomeei minha companhia como Idealab
por idolatrar tanto
01:34
I named my company Idealab
for how much I worship
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01:36
the "aha!" moment when you first
come up with the idea.
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o momento "aha!"
quando temos uma ideia inicial.
Com o passar do tempo,
01:39
But then over time,
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01:40
I came to think that maybe the team,
the execution, adaptability,
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comecei a pensar que talvez o time,
a execução e a adaptabilidade
01:43
that mattered even more than the idea.
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eram mais importantes do que a ideia.
01:46
I never thought I'd be quoting
boxer Mike Tyson on the TED stage,
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Jamais imaginei que estaria citando
o boxeador Mike Tyson numa palestra TED,
01:50
but he once said,
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mas ele uma vez disse:
01:52
"Everybody has a plan, until they get
punched in the face." (Laughter)
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"Todo mundo tem um plano
até que leve um soco na cara." (Risos)
E acho isso muito verdadeiro
nos negócios, também.
01:56
And I think that's so true
about business as well.
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01:59
So much about a team's execution
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Muito da execução de um time
está na sua habilidade de se adaptar
ao soco na cara dado pelo cliente.
02:02
is its ability to adapt to getting punched
in the face by the customer.
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O cliente é a verdadeira realidade.
02:05
The customer is the true reality.
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02:07
And that's why I came to think
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E foi isso que me fez pensar
02:09
that the team maybe
was the most important thing.
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que o time talvez fosse
a coisa mais importante.
Então comecei a observar
o modelo de negócio.
02:12
Then I started looking
at the business model.
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A companhia tem uma trajetória clara
gerando receitas de clientes?
02:14
Does the company have a very clear path
generating customer revenues?
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02:17
That started rising to the top
in my thinking
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Isso passou a ser prioridade
no meu pensamento
02:19
about maybe what mattered
most for success.
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quanto ao que mais importava
para o sucesso.
Considerei o capital.
02:21
Then I looked at the funding.
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Às vezes companhias recebiam
muito capital intensivo.
02:23
Sometimes companies received
intense amounts of funding.
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Talvez isso seja o mais importante.
E depois, o momento certo.
02:25
Maybe that's the most important thing?
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02:27
And then of course,
the timing.
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A ideia é muito avançada
e o mundo não está preparado para ela?
02:29
Is the idea way too early and
the world's not ready for it?
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02:32
Is it early, as in, you're in advance
and you have to educate the world?
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Ela é muito avançada e precisamos
educar o mundo? É a hora certa?
Ou é tarde demais e já existem
muitos concorrentes?
02:35
Is it just right?
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02:36
Or is it too late, and there's
already too many competitors?
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Tentei analisar cuidadosamente
esses cinco fatores em muitas companhias.
02:39
So I tried to look very carefully
at these five factors
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02:41
across many companies.
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E observei todas
as 100 companhias da Idealab,
02:42
And I looked across all 100
Idealab companies,
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e 100 companhias que não eram da Idealab
02:45
and 100 non-Idealab companies
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para tentar encontrar
algo científico a respeito.
02:46
to try and come up with
something scientific about it.
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Primeiro, nessas companhias Idealab,
02:49
So first, on these Idealab companies,
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02:51
the top five companies --
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as cinco companhias no topo:
Cytysearch, CarsDirect, GoTo,
NetZero e Tickets.com --
02:53
Citysearch, CarsDirect, GoTo,
NetZero, Tickets.com --
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todas se tornaram sucessos bilionários.
02:57
those all became billion-dollar successes.
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02:59
And the five companies on the bottom --
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E as cinco na base: Z.com, Insider Pages,
MyLife, Desktop Factory e Peoplelink,
03:01
Z.com, Insider Pages, MyLife,
Desktop Factory, Peoplelink --
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03:03
we all had high hopes for,
but didn't succeed.
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pelas quais tínhamos
grandes expectativas, fracassaram.
Então, tentei classificar
em todos esses atributos
03:06
So I tried to rank across all
of those attributes
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03:09
how I felt those companies scored
on each of those dimensions.
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como senti que essas companhias
pontuaram em cada dimensão.
03:13
And then for non-Idealab companies,
I looked at wild successes,
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E para companhias fora da Idealab,
examinei sucessos fantásticos,
03:16
like Airbnb and Instagram and Uber
and Youtube and LinkedIn.
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como Airbnb, Instagram, Uber,
YouTube e LinkedIn.
E alguns fracassos:
03:20
And some failures:
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03:21
Webvan, Kozmo, Pets.com
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Webvan, Kozmo, Pets.com,
Flooz e Friendster.
03:23
Flooz and Friendster.
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As companhias da base
tinham capital intensivo,
03:24
The bottom companies had intense funding,
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03:26
they even had business models
in some cases,
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até modelos de negócios em alguns casos,
mas não tiveram êxito.
03:28
but they didn't succeed.
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Tentei observar quais fatores
explicavam o sucesso e o fracasso
03:29
I tried to look at what factors
actually accounted the most
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03:32
for success and failure across
all of these companies,
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de todas essas companhias,
e os resultados me surpreenderam.
03:35
and the results really surprised me.
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O primeiro fator foi o momento adequado.
03:37
The number one thing was timing.
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Ele representava 42%
da diferença entre sucesso e fracasso.
03:39
Timing accounted for 42 percent
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03:42
of the difference
between success and failure.
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Time e execução veio em segundo,
03:44
Team and execution came in second,
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e a ideia,
03:46
and the idea,
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03:47
the differentiability of the idea,
the uniqueness of the idea,
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a diferenciabilidade dessa ideia
e sua singularidade, veio em terceiro.
03:50
that actually came in third.
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Isso não é definitivo, nem pode-se dizer
que a ideia não seja importante,
03:51
Now, this isn't absolutely definitive,
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03:53
it's not to say that
the idea isn't important,
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mas me surpreendeu
que ela não fosse o mais importante.
03:56
but it very much surprised me that
the idea wasn't the most important thing.
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Às vezes ela importava mais quando
ela acontecia no momento certo.
03:59
Sometimes it mattered more when
it was actually timed.
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Os últimos, modelo de negócio e capital,
posicionam-se bem.
04:02
The last two, business model and funding,
made sense to me actually.
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Faz sentido o modelo de negócio estar
embaixo, pois começa-se sem ele
04:05
I think business model
makes sense to be that low
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e adiciona-se um depois, se os clientes
exigirem o que você está criando.
04:08
because you can start out
without a business model
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04:10
and add one later if your customers
are demanding what you're creating.
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E o capital também;
se você tem pouco capital no início,
mas está ganhando poder,
04:13
And funding, I think as well,
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04:15
if you're underfunded at first
but you're gaining traction,
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principalmente nos dias de hoje,
é muito fácil conseguir capital intensivo.
04:18
especially in today's age,
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04:19
it's very, very easy to get
intense funding.
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Permitam-me dar-lhes
exemplos específicos sobre cada um deles.
04:21
So now let me give you some specific
examples about each of these.
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Escolhi um sucesso fantástico,
a Airbnb, que todos conhecem.
04:24
So take a wild success like Airbnb
that everybody knows about.
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Ela foi notoriamente desconsiderada
por muitos investidores inteligentes,
04:27
Well, that company was famously
passed on by many smart investors
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pois achava-se: "Ninguém alugará um espaço
na própria casa para um estranho."
04:30
because people thought,
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04:31
"No one's going to rent out a space
in their home to a stranger."
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E claro, as pessoas provaram o contrário.
04:34
Of course, people proved that wrong.
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04:36
But one of the reasons it succeeded,
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Um dos motivos de seu sucesso, além
do bom modelo de negócio, a boa ideia,
04:38
aside from a good business model,
a good idea, great execution,
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e a ótima execução, foi o momento.
04:41
is the timing.
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04:42
That company came out
right during the height of the recession
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Aquela companhia surgiu
durante o auge da recessão
04:45
when people really needed extra money,
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quando pessoas precisavam de renda extra,
04:47
and that maybe helped people overcome
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e isso as ajudou a superar dificuldades
em alugar seus espaços a estranhos.
04:48
their objection to renting out
their own home to a stranger.
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O mesmo com a Uber.
04:51
Same thing with Uber.
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Uma companhia com um modelo
de negócio incrível
04:52
Uber came out,
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04:53
incredible company,
incredible business model,
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e ótima execução, também,
mas o momento foi perfeito
04:56
great execution, too.
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04:57
But the timing was so perfect
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para a necessidade do sistema
de conseguir motoristas,
04:58
for their need to get drivers
into the system.
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os quais precisavam de renda extra;
foi muito importante.
05:00
Drivers were looking for extra money;
it was very, very important.
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Alguns de nossos sucessos iniciais:
05:03
Some of our early successes, Citysearch,
came out when people needed web pages.
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Citysearch, surgiu da necessidade
de páginas da web.
05:07
GoTo.com, which we announced
actually at TED in 1998,
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GoTo.com, que anunciamos
numa palestra TED, em 1998,
05:10
was when companies were looking for
cost-effective ways to get traffic.
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surgiu quando companhias procuravam
formas rentáveis de obter tráfego.
05:13
We thought the idea was so great,
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A ideia era ótima, mas o momento
foi talvez mais importante.
05:15
but actually, the timing was probably
maybe more important.
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E alguns dos nossos fracassos:
05:17
And then some of our failures.
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fundamos a companhia de entretenimento
online chamada Z.com;
05:19
We started a company called Z.com,
it was an online entertainment company.
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Estávamos empolgados, arrecadamos fundos,
tínhamos um ótimo modelo de negócio,
05:22
We were so excited about it --
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05:24
we raised enough money,
we had a great business model,
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até contratamos talentos de Hollywood
para se juntar à companhia.
05:26
we even signed incredibly great
Hollywood talent to join the company.
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Mas a penetração da banda larga
era muito baixa em 1999-2000.
05:29
But broadband penetration
was too low in 1999-2000.
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05:32
It was too hard to watch
video content online,
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Era bem difícil assistir a vídeos online,
05:34
you had to put codecs in your browser
and do all this stuff,
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era preciso colocar codecs
no seu navegador e tal,
05:37
and the company eventually
went out of business in 2003.
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e a companhia eventualmente
fechou em 2003.
05:39
Just two years later,
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Apenas dois anos depois,
05:41
when the codec problem
was solved by Adobe Flash
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quando o problema com o codec
foi resolvido por Adobe Flash
05:43
and when broadband penetration
crossed 50 percent in America,
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e a penetração da banda larga
cruzou 50% dos EUA,
05:47
YouTube was perfectly timed.
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YouTube estava no momento perfeito.
Ótima ideia num momento inacreditável.
05:49
Great idea, but unbelievable timing.
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05:51
In fact, YouTube didn't even have
a business model when it first started.
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Ele nem tinha um modelo
de negócios quando começou,
nem havia garantia de que daria certo,
mas seu surgimento foi lindo.
05:54
It wasn't even certain that
that would work out.
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05:57
But that was beautifully,
beautifully timed.
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Então, o que eu diria, resumidamente,
05:59
So what I would say, in summary,
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é que execução certamente importa muito,
assim como a ideia,
06:00
is execution definitely matters a lot.
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06:03
The idea matters a lot.
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mas o momento pode importar ainda mais.
06:04
But timing might matter even more.
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06:06
And the best way to really assess timing
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E a melhor maneira
de avaliar o momento é entender
06:08
is to really look at whether
consumers are really ready
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se os consumidores estão prontos
para o que você tem para oferecê-los.
06:11
for what you have to offer them.
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06:12
And to be really, really honest about it,
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Ser bem honesto quanto a isso
e não negar qualquer resultado que veja,
06:14
not be in denial about
any results that you see,
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pois se você tem algo que ama,
quer impulsioná-lo,
06:16
because if you have something you love,
you want to push it forward,
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mas precisa ser muito honesto
quanto à questão do momento.
06:20
but you have to be very, very honest
about that factor on timing.
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Como eu disse antes,
06:23
As I said earlier,
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acho que startups podem mudar o mundo
tornando-o um lugar melhor.
06:24
I think startups can change the world
and make the world a better place.
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Espero que algumas dessas visões
possam ajudá-los
06:27
I hope some of these insights
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06:28
can maybe help you
have a slightly higher success ratio,
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a ter uma chance mais alta de sucesso,
permitindo que algo incrível aconteça
no mundo que do contrário não aconteceria.
06:31
and thus make something great
come to the world
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06:33
that wouldn't have happened otherwise.
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Muito obrigado.
Foram uma ótima plateia.
06:35
Thank you very much,
you've been a great audience.
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(Aplausos)
06:37
(Applause)
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Translated by Maricene Crus
Reviewed by Gislaine Caprioli

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bill Gross - Idea guy
Bill Gross founded Idealab, an incubator of new inventions, ideas and businesses.

Why you should listen

Bill Gross is the founder of Idealab, a business incubator focused on new ideas. (He's now the chair and CEO.) He helped create GoTo.com, the first sponsored search company. He also created the Snap! search engine, which allows users to preview hyperlinks. 

Gross has been an entrepreneur since high school, when he founded a solar energy company. In college, he patented a new loudspeaker design, and after school he started a company that was later acquired by Lotus, and then launched an educational software publishing company. Now, he serves on the boards of companies in the areas of automation, software and renewable energy.

More profile about the speaker
Bill Gross | Speaker | TED.com

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