TED2009
Cameron Sinclair: The refugees of boom-and-bust
Cameron Sinclair: Os refugiados da explosão e colapso imobiliário
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Na TEDGlobal U, Cameron Sinclair revela o custo escondido dos mega-projectos imobiliários que faliram: milhares de trabalhadores emigrantes de construção civil abandonados sem tostão. Aos seus colegas arquitetos ele diz que existe apenas uma resposta ética.
Cameron Sinclair - Co-founder, Architecture for Humanity
2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs. Full bio
2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
A few years ago, my eyes were opened
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Há uns anos atrás os meus olhos foram abertos
00:21
to the dark side of the construction industry.
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para o lado obscuro da indústria de construção.
00:24
In 2006, young Qatari students
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Em 2006, jovens estudantes do Qatar
00:27
took me to go and see the migrant worker camps.
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levaram-me a ver um campo de trabalhadores emigrantes.
00:29
And since then I've followed the unfolding issue of worker rights.
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E desde então tenho seguido o problema dos direitos dos trabalhadores.
00:34
In the last six months, more than 300 skyscrapers
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Nos últimos seis meses, a construção de mais de 300 arranha-céus
00:36
in the UAE have been put on hold or canceled.
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nos Emirados Árabes Unidos foi interrompida ou cancelada.
00:39
Behind the headlines that lay behind these buildings
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Por trás das manchetes que estes edifícios criam
00:42
is the fate of the often-indentured construction worker.
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está o destino dos trabalhadores de construção civil contratados.
00:46
1.1 million of them.
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1,1 milhão deles.
00:48
Mainly Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
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Sobretudo Indianos, Paquistaneses, do Sri Lanka
00:51
and Nepalese, these laborers risk everything
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e Nepaleses, estes trabalhadores arriscam tudo
00:53
to make money for their families back home.
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para fazer dinheiro que enviam para as suas famílias.
00:56
They pay a middle-man thousands of dollars to be there.
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Eles pagam a um intermediário milhares de euros para para lá chegar.
00:58
And when they arrive, they find themselves in labor camps with no water,
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E quando chegam, encontram-se em campos de trabalho sem água,
01:02
no air conditioning, and their passports taken away.
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sem ar condicionado e os seus passaportes são-lhes retirados.
01:06
While it's easy to point the finger at local officials and higher authorities,
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E embora seja fácil apontar o dedo a oficiais locais e às altas autoridades,
01:10
99 percent of these people are hired by the private sector,
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99% destas pessoas é contratada pelo sector privado.
01:14
and so therefore we're equally, if not more, accountable.
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E portanto, nós temos tanta ou mais responsabilidade.
01:17
Groups like Buildsafe UAE have emerged,
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Grupos como o Buildsafe UAE têm aparecido.
01:20
but the numbers are simply overwhelming.
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Mas os números são simplesmente esmagadores.
01:22
In August 2008,
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Em Agosto de 2008,
01:24
UAE public officials noted
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autoridades oficiais dos Emirados Árabes Unidos informaram que
01:26
that 40 percent of the country's 1,098 labor camps
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40% dos 1098 campos de trabalho do país
01:30
had violated minimum health and fire safety regulations.
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tinham violado regulamentos mínimos de saúde e segurança contra o fogo.
01:33
And last summer, more than 10,000 workers
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E no verão passado, mais de 10 mil trabalhadores
01:36
protested for the non-payment of wages,
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participaram numa manifestação contra salários em atraso,
01:39
for the poor quality of food, and inadequate housing.
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contra a falta de qualidade da comida e alojamento inadequado.
01:42
And then the financial collapse happened.
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E depois aconteceu o colapso financeiro.
01:45
When the contractors have gone bust,
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Quando os empreiteiros faliram,
01:47
as they've been overleveraged like everyone else,
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por estarem sobre-endividados como toda a gente,
01:49
the difference is everything goes missing,
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a diferença é que tudo desaparece,
01:52
documentation, passports,
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documentos, passaportes,
01:54
and tickets home for these workers.
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e bilhetes de volta a casa para estes trabalhadores.
01:56
Currently, right now, thousands of workers are abandoned.
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Actualmente, agora mesmo, há milhares de trabalhadores abandonados.
02:00
There is no way back home.
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Não há forma de voltar para casa.
02:02
And there is no way, and no proof of arrival.
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E não há forma ou prova de chegada.
02:05
These are the boom-and-bust refugees.
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Estes são os refugiados da explosão e colapso imobiliário.
02:08
The question is, as a building professional,
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A questão é, enquanto profissional de construção,
02:11
as an architect, an engineer, as a developer,
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como arquiteto, engenheiro, ou supervisor,
02:13
if you know this is going on,
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se sabem que isto acontece,
02:15
as we go to the sights every single week,
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quando vão às obras todas as semanas,
02:18
are you complacent or complicit
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serão vocês complacentes ou cúmplices
02:20
in the human rights violations?
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nas violações dos direitos humanos?
02:22
So let's forget your environmental footprint.
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Então, esqueçamos a pegada ambiental.
02:25
Let's think about your ethical footprint.
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Pensem na vossa pegada ética.
02:27
What good is it
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De que vale
02:30
to build a zero-carbon, energy efficient complex,
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construir um complexo altamente eficiente, sem emissões de carbono,
02:33
when the labor producing this architectural gem
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quando o trabalho que produz essa pérola da arquitetura
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is unethical at best?
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é, na melhor das hipóteses, pouco ético?
02:39
Now, recently I've been told I've been taking the high road.
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Recentemente, têm-me dito que sou muito moralista.
02:41
But, quite frankly, on this issue,
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Mas, francamente, neste assunto,
02:43
there is no other road.
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não há outro caminho.
02:45
So let's not forget who is really paying the price of this financial collapse.
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Não esqueçamos quem está a pagar realmente o preço deste colapso financeiro.
02:49
And that as we worry about our next job in the office,
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E, à medida que nos preocupamos com o próximo trabalho do estúdio,
02:52
the next design that we can get, to keep our workers.
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o próximo projecto que nos permita manter os nossos empregados.
02:56
Let's not forget these men, who are truly dying to work.
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Não nos esqueçamos destes homens que estão, verdadeiramente, a morrer para trabalhar.
02:59
Thank you.
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Obrigado.
03:01
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cameron Sinclair - Co-founder, Architecture for Humanity2006 TED Prize winner Cameron Sinclair is co-founder of Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that seeks architecture solutions to global crises -- and acts as a conduit between the design community and the world's humanitarian needs.
Why you should listen
After training as an architect, Cameron Sinclair (then age 24) joined Kate Stohr to found Architecture for Humanity, a nonprofit that helps architects apply their skills to humanitarian efforts. Starting with just $700 and a simple web site in 1999, AFH has grown into an international hub for humanitarian design, offering innovative solutions to housing problems in all corners of the globe.
Whether rebuilding earthquake-ravaged Bam in Iran, designing a soccer field doubling as an HIV/AIDS clinic in Africa, housing refugees on the Afghan border, or helping Katrina victims rebuild, Architecture for Humanity works by Sinclair's mantra: "Design like you give a damn." (Sinclair and Stohr cowrote a book by the same name, released in 2006.)
A regular contributor to the sustainability blog Worldchanging.com, Sinclair is now working on the Open Architecture Network, born from the wish he made when he accepted the 2006 TED Prize: to build a global, open-source network where architects, governments and NGOs can share and implement design plans to house the world.
Cameron Sinclair | Speaker | TED.com