TEDWomen 2010
Liza Donnelly: Drawing on humor for change
Liza Donnelly: Humorným kreslením k zmene
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Karikaturistka z New Yorku Liza Donnelly predstavuje svoje múdre a vtipné karikatúry o modernom živote -- a rozpráva o tom, ako môže humor umožniť ženám zmeniť pravidlá.
Liza Donnelly - Cartoonist
New Yorker cartoonist Liza Donnelly tackles global issues with humor, intelligence and sarcasm. Her latest project supports the United Nations initiative Cartooning For Peace. Full bio
New Yorker cartoonist Liza Donnelly tackles global issues with humor, intelligence and sarcasm. Her latest project supports the United Nations initiative Cartooning For Peace. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
(Laughter)
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(„Kde to všetko začína.") (smiech)
00:24
I was afraid of womanhood.
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Bála som sa ženstva. („Strach")
00:27
Not that I'm not afraid now,
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Nie že by som sa teraz nebála,
00:29
but I've learned to pretend.
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ale naučila som sa to predstierať.
00:31
I've learned to be flexible.
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Naučila som sa byť flexibilná.
00:33
In fact, I've developed some interesting tools
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V skutočnosti som vymyslela zopár zaujímavých pomôcok,
00:35
to help me deal with this fear.
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ktoré mi pomohli vysporiadať sa s týmto strachom.
00:37
Let me explain.
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Dovoľte mi, aby som Vám to vysvetlila.
00:39
Back in the '50s and '60s, when I was growing up,
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Keď sa vrátim späť do 50-tych a 60-tych rokov, keď som vyrastala,
00:41
little girls were supposed to be kind and thoughtful
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od malých slečien sa očakávalo, že budú milé a pozorné,
00:43
and pretty and gentle and soft,
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pekné, jemné a tiché.
00:46
and we were supposed to fit into roles
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A my sme mali zapadnúť do týchto šablón,
00:48
that were sort of shadowy --
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ktoré boli zastreté akýmsi tieňom.
00:50
really not quite clear what we were supposed to be.
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Skutočne nebolo celkom jasné, akými by sme mali byť.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(„Nemôžem sa rozhodnúť, čím budem keď vyrastiem - dobré dievča alebo štetka".) (smiech)
00:56
There were plenty of role models all around us.
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Všade okolo nás bolo veľa príkladov.
00:58
We had our mothers, our aunts, our cousins, our sisters,
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Mali sme naše mamy, tety, sesternice, sestry
01:01
and of course, the ever-present media
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a, samozrejme, všade prítomné masmédiá
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bombarding us with images and words,
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bombardujúce nás obrázkami a slovami,
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telling us how to be.
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ktoré nám radili, akými by sme mali byť.
01:09
Now my mother was different.
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Moja mama však bola iná.
01:11
She was a homemaker,
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Bola ženou v domácnosti,
01:13
but she and I didn't go out and do girlie things together,
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ale my dve sme nechodievali spolu von a nerobievali sme tie typicky babské veci.
01:15
and she didn't buy me pink outfits.
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A mama mi nekupovala ružové oblečenie.
01:17
Instead, she knew what I needed, and she bought me a book of cartoons.
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Namiesto toho vedela, čo potrebujem, a kúpila mi knihu s kreslenými vtipmi.
01:20
And I just ate it up.
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A ja som ju okamžite celú zhltla.
01:22
I drew, and I drew,
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A tak som kreslila a kreslila
01:24
and since I knew that humor was acceptable in my family,
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a odkedy som zistila, že humor je v mojej rodine prípustný,
01:27
I could draw, do what I wanted to do,
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mohla som kresliť, robiť to, čo som chcela
01:29
and not have to perform, not have to speak --
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nemusela som nič predstierať, rozprávať -
01:31
I was very shy --
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bola som veľmi hanblivá -
01:33
and I could still get approval.
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a dovolili mi to.
01:36
I was launched as a cartoonist.
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Prebudili vo mne karikaturistku.
01:40
Now when we're young,
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Keď sme mladí,
01:42
we don't always know. We know there are rules out there,
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nie vždy si uvedomujeme - vieme, že sú isté pravidlá,
01:45
but we don't always know --
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ale nie vždy si to uvedomujeme -
01:47
we don't perform them right,
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nevieme si ich správne vysvetliť,
01:49
even though we are imprinted at birth
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hoci ich máme
01:51
with these things,
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vštepované od narodenia,
01:54
and we're told
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a tak nám hovoria,
01:56
what the most important color in the world is.
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aká je najdôležitejšia farba na svete. (RUŽOVÁ)
01:59
We're told what shape we're supposed to be in.
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Hovoria nám, ako by sme mali vyzerať.
02:02
(Laughter)
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(„Áno, je to veľké. Tak ako vy.") (smiech)
02:05
We're told what to wear --
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Hovoria nám, čo by sme si mali obliekať,
02:07
(Laughter)
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(„Musíme sa teraz obliekať takto?") (smiech)
02:09
-- and how to do our hair --
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aký by sme mali mať účes
02:11
(Laughter)
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(„Chcem vyzerať ako Sarah Palin, ale nechcem byť ako ona.") (smiech)
02:16
-- and how to behave.
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a ako sa správať.
02:19
Now the rules that I'm talking about
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Pravidlá, o ktorých tu hovorím,
02:21
are constantly being monitored by the culture.
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sú neustále riadené kultúrou.
02:23
We're being corrected,
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Opravujú naše správanie.
02:25
and the primary policemen are women,
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A ich prvotnými ochrancami sú ženy,
02:28
because we are the carriers of the tradition.
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pretože my sme nositeľkami tradície.
02:30
We pass it down from generation to generation.
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Odovzdávame ju z generácie na generáciu.
02:34
Not only that --
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Nielen to.
02:36
we always have this vague notion
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Vždy máme ten neurčitý pocit,
02:38
that something's expected of us.
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že sa od nás niečo očakáva.
02:40
And on top of all off these rules,
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Okrem toho sa tieto pravidlá
02:43
they keep changing.
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neustále menia.
02:45
(Laughter)
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(„Mám obavu, že nemám obavu.") (smiech)
02:49
We don't know what's going on half the time,
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Nevieme, čo sa deje polovicu času,
02:52
so it puts us in a very tenuous position.
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čo nás stavia do veľmi krehkej pozície.
02:55
(Laughter)
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(„PRAVIDLÁ - ako sa obliekať, správať sa, hovoriť, kráčať. Doplňte ďalšie.") (smiech)
02:57
Now if you don't like these rules,
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Ak sa Vám tieto pravidlá nepáčia,
02:59
and many of us don't --
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a mnohým z nás nie -
03:01
I know I didn't, and I still don't,
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Viem, že mne sa nepáčili a stále sa mi nepáčia,
03:04
even though I follow them half the time,
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hoci ich z polovice dodržiavam,
03:06
not quite aware that I'm following them --
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tak, že si to nie celkom uvedomujem -
03:08
what better way than to change them [than] with humor?
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aký by bol lepší spôsob, ako ich zmeniť humorom?
03:13
Humor relies on the traditions of a society.
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Humor vychádza z tradícií spoločnosti.
03:16
It takes what we know, and it twists it.
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Zoberie si za tému to, čo poznáme a prekrúti to.
03:19
It takes the codes of behavior and the codes of dress,
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Zoberie si za tému pravidlá správania a obliekania
03:21
and it makes it unexpected,
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a zmení ich neočakávaným spôsobom,
03:23
and that's what elicits a laugh.
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a to vyvolá smiech.
03:25
Now what if you put together women and humor?
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Čo keby sme dali dohromady ženy a humor?
03:28
I think you can get change.
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Myslím, že môže nastať zmena.
03:30
Because women are on the ground floor,
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Pretože ženy sú nohami pevne na zemi,
03:32
and we know the traditions so well,
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a keďže poznáme tak dobre tradície,
03:34
we can bring a different voice to the table.
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môžeme vniesť do tejto diskusie iné svetlo.
03:36
Now I started drawing
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Začala som kresliť
03:38
in the middle of a lot of chaos.
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v strede veľkého chaosu.
03:40
I grew up not far from here in Washington D.C.
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Vyrastala som neďaleko odtiaľto vo Washingtone D.C.
03:42
during the Civil Rights movement, the assassinations,
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počas hnutia za občianske práva, atentátov,
03:45
the Watergate hearings and then the feminist movement,
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vypočúvaní vo Watergate a neskôr feministického hnutia.
03:48
and I think I was drawing,
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A myslím, že som kreslila preto,
03:50
trying to figure out what was going on.
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aby som zachytila to, čo sa deje.
03:52
And then also my family was in chaos,
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Taktiež moja rodina bola v chaose.
03:55
and I drew to try to bring my family together --
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A ja som kreslila, aby som dala dokopy moju rodinu,
03:58
(Laughter)
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(„Zostávam so sebou kvôli mojim rodičom.") (smiech)
04:03
-- try to bring my family together with laughter.
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aby som dala dokopy moju rodinu smiechom.
04:06
It didn't work.
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Nefungovalo to.
04:08
My parents got divorced, and my sister was arrested.
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Moji rodičia sa rozviedli a sestru zatkli.
04:11
But I found my place.
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Ale ja som si našla svoje miesto.
04:13
I found that I didn't have to wear high heels,
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Zistila som, že nemusím nosiť vysoké podpätky,
04:15
I didn't have to wear pink,
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nemusím si obliekať ružové veci,
04:17
and I could feel like I fit in.
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a pritom môžem mať pocit, že zapadám.
04:20
Now when I was a little older, in my 20s,
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Potom keď som bola trochu staršia, v mojich dvadsiatych rokoch,
04:23
I realized there are not many women in cartooning.
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uvedomila som si, že nie je veľa žien - karikaturistiek.
04:26
And I thought, "Well, maybe I can break
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Tak som si povedala, že by som možno ja mohla prelomiť
04:28
the little glass ceiling of cartooning,"
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ten malý sklenený strop v karikatúrach.
04:30
and so I did. I became a cartoonist.
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Tak som to aj urobila. Stala som sa karikaturistkou.
04:32
And then I thought -- in my 40s I started thinking,
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Potom asi v mojich štyridsiatych rokoch som začala rozmýšľať:
04:35
"Well, why don't I do something?
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„Prečo niečo neurobím?"
04:37
I always loved political cartoons,
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Vždy som milovala politické karikatúry,
04:39
so why don't I do something with the content of my cartoons
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tak prečo by som nemohla urobiť niečo s obsahom mojich karikatúr,
04:42
to make people think about the stupid rules that we're following
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aby som prinútila ľudí zamyslieť sa nad hlúpymi pravidlami, ktoré dodržiavame,
04:45
as well as laugh?"
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a zasmiať sa nad nim?
04:48
Now my perspective
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Môj pohľad
04:50
is a particularly --
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je predovšetkým -
04:52
(Laughter)
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(„Lichotivá diplomacia: Čierna naozaj zvýrazňuje vaše oči.") (smiech)
04:54
-- my perspective is a particularly American perspective.
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- môj pohľad je predovšetkým americký.
04:56
I can't help it. I live here.
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Nemôžem si pomôcť. Žijem tu.
04:59
Even though I've traveled a lot,
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Aj keď som veľa cestovala,
05:01
I still think like an American woman.
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stále rozmýšľam ako americká žena.
05:03
But I believe that the rules that I'm talking about
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Ale viem, že pravidlá, o ktorých rozprávam,
05:05
are universal, of course --
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sú univerzálne, pravdaže,
05:07
that each culture has its different codes of behavior
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každá kultúra má svoje vlastné kódexy správania,
05:10
and dress and traditions,
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obliekania sa a tradícii,
05:12
and each woman has to deal with these same things
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ale každá žena sa musí pasovať s tými istými vecami
05:14
that we do here in the U.S.
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ako my tu v Amerike.
05:16
Consequently, we have.
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Preto máme my, ženy,
05:18
Women, because we're on the ground, we know the tradition.
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- pretože my sme tu, my poznáme tradíciu -
05:21
We have amazing antennae.
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máme úžasný nadhľad.
05:24
Now my work lately
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Mojou prácou v poslednej dobe
05:26
has been to collaborate with international cartoonists,
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je spolupráca s medzinárodnými karikaturistami,
05:28
which I so enjoy,
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z čoho mám veľkú radosť.
05:31
and it's given me a greater appreciation
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Vďaka tomu ešte viac oceňujem
05:33
for the power of cartoons
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silu karikatúr
05:35
to get at the truth,
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dostať sa k pravde,
05:39
to get at the issues quickly and succinctly.
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dostať sa k problému rýchlo a stručne.
05:42
And not only that, it can get to the viewer
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A nielen to, umožňujú dostať sa k čitateľovi
05:44
through not only the intellect, but through the heart.
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nielen intelektom, ale aj srdcom.
05:47
My work also has allowed me to collaborate
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Moja práca mi tiež umožnila spolupracovať
05:50
with women cartoonists from across the world --
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so ženami karikaturistkami z celého sveta -
05:52
countries such as Saudi Arabia,
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z krajín ako Saudská Arábia,
05:54
Iran, Turkey,
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Irán, Turecko,
05:56
Argentina, France --
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Argentína, Francúzsko.
05:58
and we have sat together and laughed
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Sedeli sme spolu a smiali sme sa,
06:00
and talked and shared our difficulties.
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rozprávali sme sa a zdieľali sme spoločné problémy.
06:02
And these women are working so hard to get their voices heard
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Tieto ženy veľmi tvrdo pracujú, aby bolo počuť ich hlas
06:05
in some very difficult circumstances.
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v niekedy veľmi zložitých podmienkach.
06:08
But I feel blessed to be able to work with them.
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Ale ja sa cítim poctená, že môžem s nimi pracovať.
06:12
And we talk about
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Rozprávame sa o tom,
06:14
how women have such strong perceptions,
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aké sú ženy silno vnímavé
06:16
because of our tenuous position
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vďaka svojej krehkej pozícii
06:18
and our role as tradition-keepers,
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a úlohe zachovávateliek tradícii,
06:21
that we can have the great potential
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čím získavame obrovský potenciál na to,
06:24
to be change-agents.
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aby sme boli aktérkami tejto zmeny.
06:26
And I think, I truly believe,
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A ja si myslím a skutočne verím,
06:29
that we can change this thing
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že môžeme zmeniť túto skutočnosť
06:31
one laugh at a time.
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smiechom.
06:33
Thank you.
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Ďakujem
06:35
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Liza Donnelly - CartoonistNew Yorker cartoonist Liza Donnelly tackles global issues with humor, intelligence and sarcasm. Her latest project supports the United Nations initiative Cartooning For Peace.
Why you should listen
When Liza Donnelly joined The New Yorker in 1982, she was the youngest cartoonist on staff and one of only three women at the time to draw cartoons for the magazine. She’s still there. In 2005, Donnelly wrote the definitive book about her colleagues: Funny Ladies: The New Yorker’s Greatest Women Cartoonists and Their Cartoons. She’s been part of many other books, including Sex and Sensibility, Cartoon Marriage (about her life with fellow New Yorker cartoonist Michael Maslin) and a popular series of dinosaur books for kids. Her latest is Women on Men.
In 2007, Donnelly joined the United Nations initiative Cartooning for Peace. She travels worldwide to speak out about freedom of speech, world peace, and other global issues. Along with her New Yorker cartoons, Donnelly writes a column for Forbes, and draws a weekly political cartoon for Medium. She's a founding member of the US branch of the international organization FECO, and has taught at Vassar College and The School of Visual Arts. She received an honorary PhD from the University of Connecticut and is a cultural envoy for the US State Department, traveling to speak about women's rights, freedom of expression and cartoons.
Liza Donnelly | Speaker | TED.com