TED2011
Edith Widder: The weird, wonderful world of bioluminescence
Edith Widder: Zvláštny a krásny svet bioluminiscencie
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V hlbokom, tmavom oceáne, množstvo morských druhov vytvára svoje vlastné svetlo na lov, párenie a sebaobranu. Expertka na bioluminiscenciu, Edith Widder, bola jednou z prvých, ktorí natočili film o tomto mihotavom svete. Na TEDe 2011 prináša niekoľko z jej svietiacich priateľov na pódium a ukazuje ohromujúcu stopáž žiarivého podmorského života.
Edith Widder - Marine biologist
Edith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment. Full bio
Edith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So I want to take you on a trip
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Chcem vás vziať na výlet
00:17
to an alien world.
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do cudzieho sveta.
00:20
And it's not a trip
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A nie je to výlet, ktorý
00:22
that requires light-years of travel,
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vyžaduje svetelné roky cestovania,
00:25
but it's to a place
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ale je to výlet na miesto,
00:27
where it's defined by light.
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ktoré je definované svetlom.
00:30
So it's a little-appreciated fact
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Málo oceňovaným faktom je,
00:33
that most of the animals in our ocean
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že väčšina živočíchov v našom oceáne
00:38
make light.
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vytvára svetlo.
00:40
I've spent most of my career
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Väčšinu svojej kariéry som strávila
00:42
studying this phenomenon called bioluminescence.
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študovaním fenoménu, ktorý sa nazýva bioluminiscencia.
00:45
I study it because I think understanding it
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Študujem ju, pretože si myslím, že jej pochopenie
00:47
is critical to understanding life in the ocean
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je zásadné pre pochopenie života v oceáne,
00:50
where most bioluminescence occurs.
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kde sa deje väčšina bioluminiscencie.
00:52
I also use it as a tool
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Zároveň ju používam ako nástroj
00:54
for visualizing and tracking pollution.
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vizualizácie a stopovania znečistenia.
00:57
But mostly I'm entranced by it.
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Ale predovšetkým, úplne ma to pohltilo.
01:00
Since my my first dive in a deep-diving submersible,
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Od môjho prvého ponoru do hĺbky,
01:03
when I went down and turned out the lights
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keď som klesala, vypla svetlá
01:05
and saw the fireworks displays,
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a videla tie ohňostroje,
01:07
I've been a bioluminescence junky.
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bola som úplne neznalá bioluminescencie.
01:10
But I would come back from those dives
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Ale, keď som sa vrátila z týchto ponorov
01:13
and try to share the experience with words,
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a skúšala sa podeliť o tento zážitok pomocou slov,
01:16
and they were totally inadequate to the task.
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tie mi na to absolútne nestačili.
01:20
I needed some way to share the experience directly.
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Potrebovala som nájsť nejaký priamy spôsob zdielania tejto skúsenosti.
01:23
And the first time I figured out that way
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Keď mi prykrát napadol tento spôsob,
01:25
was in this little single-person submersible
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bola som práve v tejto jednomiestnej ponorke,
01:27
called Deep Rover.
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zvanej Deep Rover.
01:29
This next video clip,
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Následujuci videoklip,
01:31
you're going to see how we stimulated the bioluminescence.
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je o tom, ako sme stimulovali bioluminescenciu.
01:33
And the first thing you're going to see
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A prvá vec, ktorú uvidíte, je
01:35
is a transect screen
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priečna obrazovka,
01:37
that is about a meter across.
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ktorá má približne meter naprieč.
01:39
(Video) Narrator: In front of the sub,
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(Video) Rozprávač: Pred ponorkou,
01:41
a mess screen will come into contact
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nečistá obrazovka príde do kontaktu
01:43
with the soft-bodied creatures of the deep sea.
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s jemnými bytosťami hlbokého mora.
01:46
With the sub's lights switched off,
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S vypnutými svetlami
01:48
it is possible to see their bioluminescence --
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je možné vidieť ich bioluminscenciu -
01:51
the light produced when they collide with the mesh.
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svetlo, ktoré tvoria, keď sa stretnú so sieťou.
02:00
This is the first time
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Toto je po prvýkrát
02:02
it has ever been recorded.
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čo bolo niečo také natočené.
02:16
Edith Widder: So I recorded that with an intensified video camera
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Edith Widder: Takže som to nahrala so zosilnenou kamerou,
02:19
that has about the sensitivity
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ktorá má približne citlivosť
02:21
of the fully dark-adapted human eye.
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ľudského oka, plne prispôsobeného tme.
02:23
Which means that really is what you would see
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To znamená, že je to to, čo by ste naozaj videli
02:25
if you took a dive in a submersible.
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keď by ste sa ponorili do hĺbky.
02:27
But just to try to prove that fact to you,
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Len aby som vám dokázala tento fakt,
02:29
I've brought along some bioluminescent plankton
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priniesla som so sebou bioluminiscentný planktón,
02:31
in what is undoubtedly a foolhardy attempt
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čo je bezpochyby šialene odvážny pokus
02:33
at a live demonstration.
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o živú ukážku.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:37
So, if we could have the lights down
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Takže, ak by sme mohli vypnúť svetlá
02:39
and have it as dark in here as possible,
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a mať tu čo najväčšiu možnú tmu,
02:42
I have a flask
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mám tu ploskačku
02:44
that has bioluminescent plankton in it.
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a v nej bioluminiscentný planktón.
02:47
And you'll note there's no light coming from them right now,
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A vy si všimnete, že z nich teraz nejde žiadne svetlo,
02:50
either because they're dead --
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buď preto, že sú mŕtve -
02:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:54
or because I need to stir them up in some way
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alebo preto, že ich potrebujem nejakým spôsobom nabudiť,
02:57
for you to see what bioluminescence really looks like.
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aby ste videli, ako bioluminescencia skutočne vypadá.
03:01
(Gasps)
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(Zatajený dych)
03:05
Oops. Sorry.
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Ups. Pardon.
03:07
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:16
I spend most of my time working in the dark; I'm used to that.
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Väčšinu svojho pracovného času strávim v tme - som na to zvyknutá.
03:19
Okay.
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V poriadku.
03:21
So that light
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Takže to svetlo
03:23
was made by a bioluminescent dinoflagellate,
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vytvoril bilouminescentný dinoflagelát (dvojbičíkovec),
03:26
a single-celled alga.
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jednobunková riasa.
03:28
So why would a single-celled alga
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Prečo by jednobunková riasa
03:30
need to be able to produce light?
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mala byť schopná vytvoriť svetlo?
03:32
Well, it uses it to defend itself from its predators.
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Hmm, preto, aby sa chránila pred predátormi.
03:35
The flash is like a scream for help.
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Záblesk je ako krik o pomoc.
03:37
It's what's known as a bioluminescent burglar alarm,
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Tento jav sa nazýva bioluminiscentný poplašný systém.
03:40
and just like the alarm on your car or your house,
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A podobne, ako alarm na vašom aute, či dome,
03:43
it's meant to cast unwanted attention onto the intruder,
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má to prilákať pozornosť na votrelca,
03:46
thereby either leading to his capture
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buď aby sa ho podarilo chytiť,
03:49
or scaring him away.
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alebo ho vyplašiť.
03:51
There's a lot of animals that use this trick,
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Veľa živočíchov využíva tento trik,
03:53
for example this black dragonfish.
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napríklad tento čierny ostnatec škvrnkovatý.
03:55
It's got a light organ under its eye.
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Pod okom má ľahký orgán.
03:57
It's got a chin barbel.
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Má fúzy.
03:59
It's got a lot of other light organs you can't see, but you'll see in here in a minute.
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Má množstvo iných jemných orgánov, ktoré nevidíte, ale v priebehu ďalšej minúty uvidíte.
04:02
So we had to chase this in the submersible for quite sometime,
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Takže sme ho museli hľadať v hĺbke určitú dobu,
04:06
because the top speed of this fish is one knot,
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pretože maximálna rýchlosť, ktorú táto ryba dosahuje, je jeden uzoľ,
04:09
which was the top speed of the submersible.
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čo je aj maximálna rýchlosť našej ponorky.
04:11
But it was worth it,
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Ale stálo to za to -
04:13
because we caught it in a special capture device,
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pretože sme ju chytili v špeciálne zachytávajúcom prístroji,
04:15
brought it up into the lab on the ship,
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vyložili v laboratóriu na lodi,
04:17
and then everything on this fish lights up.
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a tam sa všetko na tejto rybe rozsvietilo.
04:20
It's unbelievable.
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Je to neuveriteľné.
04:22
The light organs under the eyes are flashing.
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Svietive orgány pod očami vytvárajú záblesky.
04:24
That chin barbel is flashing.
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Fúzy vytvárajú záblesky.
04:26
It's got light organs on its belly that are flashing,
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Na bruchu má svietivé orgány, ktoré púšťajú
04:28
fin lights.
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jemné svetlo.
04:30
It's a scream for help; it's meant to attract attention.
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Je to krik o pomoc - má to prilákať pozornosť.
04:33
It's phenomenal.
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Je to fenomenálne.
04:35
And you normally don't get to see this
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Bežne sa nám to nepodarí vidieť,
04:37
because we've exhausted the luminescence when we bring them up in nets.
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pretože vyčerpáme luminiscenciu, než ich vynesieme v sieti.
04:41
There's other ways you can defend yourself with light.
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Existujú aj iné spôsoby, ako sa chrániť pomocou svetla.
04:44
For example, this shrimp
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Napríklad, tento krab
04:46
releases its bioluminescent chemicals into the water
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uvoľní svoje bioluminiscentné chemikálie do vody,
04:49
just the way a squid or an octopus would release an ink cloud.
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rovnako ako chobotnica alebo kalamár uvoľnia mrak farby.
04:52
This blinds or distracts the predator.
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To oslepí alebo zmätie predátora.
04:55
This little squid is called the fire shooter
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Táto malá chobotnica sa volá hltač ohňa,
04:58
because of its ability to do this.
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pretože dokáže toto.
05:00
Now it may look like a tasty morsel,
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Teraz to môže vypadať ako chutný kúsok,
05:03
or a pig's head with wings --
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alebo ako prasačia hlava s krídlami -
05:05
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:08
but if it's attacked,
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ale keď je napadnutý,
05:11
it puts out a barrage of light --
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vyprodukuje svetelnú paľbu -
05:14
in fact, a barrage of photon torpedoes.
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doslova paľbu fotónových torpéd.
05:18
I just barely got the lights out in time
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Len tak tak som vypla svetlá,
05:20
for you to be able to see those gobs of light
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aby ste mohli vidieť tieto množstvá svetla
05:22
hitting the transect screen
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udierajúce na priečnu obrazovku
05:24
and then just glowing.
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a potom jednoducho žiarenie.
05:26
It's phenomenal.
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Je to fenomenálne.
05:30
So there's a lot of animals in the open ocean --
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Takže v otvorenom oceáne existuje množstvo živočíchov -
05:32
most of them that make light.
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a väčšina z nich vyrába svetlo.
05:34
And we have a pretty good idea, for most of them, why.
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A pre väčšinu z nich sme schopní povedať prečo.
05:36
They use it for finding food, for attracting mates,
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Využívajú to, aby našli jedlo, prilákali druhov,
05:39
for defending against predators.
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aby sa ochránili pred predátormi.
05:41
But when you get down to the bottom of the ocean,
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Ale keď sa dostanete až na dno oceánu,
05:43
that's where things get really strange.
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tam sa dejú čudné veci.
05:46
And some of these animals
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Niektoré z týchto živočíchov
05:48
are probably inspiration for the things you saw in "Avatar,"
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boli pravepodobne inšpiráciou pre niektoré veci z Avataru,
05:51
but you don't have to travel to Pandora to see them.
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ale nemusíte cestovať do Pandory, aby ste ich videli.
05:54
They're things like this.
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Sú to takéto veci.
05:56
This is a golden coral, a bush.
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Toto je zlatý korál, ker.
05:58
It grows very slowly.
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Rastie veľmi pomaly.
06:00
In fact, it's thought that some of these
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V skutočnosti sa má za to, že niektoré z nich
06:02
are as much as 3,000 years old,
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sú staré aj 3000 rokov,
06:04
which is one reason that bottom trawling should not be allowed.
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a to je jeden z dôvodov, prečo by lov pomocou ťažných sietí mal byť zakázaný.
06:08
The other reason is this amazing bush glows.
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Ďalším dôvodom je žiara tohto keru.
06:12
So if you brush up against it,
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Keď po ňom prechádzate,
06:14
any place you brushed against it,
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kdekoľvek sa otriete,
06:16
you get this twinkling blue-green light
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dostanete toto svetielkujúce modro-zelené svetlo,
06:19
that's just breathtaking.
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to je jednoducho úchvatné.
06:22
And you see things like this.
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Vidíte takéto veci.
06:24
This looks like something out of a Dr. Seuss book --
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Toto vypadá ako niečo z knižky Dr. Seussa (knižky pre deti) -
06:26
just all manner of creatures all over this thing.
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všetky možné bytosti po celej ploche.
06:30
And these are flytrap anemones.
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A toto sú sasanky.
06:33
Now if you poke it, it pulls in its tentacles.
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Keď do nich šťuchnete, stiahnu chápadlá.
06:36
But if you keep poking it,
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Ale keď do nich budete šťuchať naďalej,
06:38
it starts to produce light.
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začnú svietiť.
06:41
And it actually ends up looking like a galaxy.
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A nakoniec to vypadá ako galaxia.
06:45
It produces these strings of light,
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Vypúšťa takéto lúče svetla,
06:47
presumably as some form of defense.
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podľa všetkého ako určitú formu obrany.
06:50
There are starfish that can make light.
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Aj hviezdice dokážu vytvoriť svetlo.
06:53
And there are brittle stars that produce bands of light
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A aj malé hviezdice tvoria pásy svetla,
06:56
that dance along their arms.
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ktoré tancujú okolo ich ramien.
06:59
This looks like a plant,
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Toto vypadá ako rastlina,
07:01
but it's actually an animal.
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ale v skutočnosti je to živočích.
07:03
And it anchors itself in the sand
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V piesku je ukotvený
07:05
by blowing up a balloon on the end of its stock.
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pomocou nafuknutého balóniku na konci stonky.
07:08
So it can actually hold itself in very strong currents,
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Takže sa dokáže udržať vo veľm silných prúdoch,
07:10
as you see here.
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ako to môžete vidieť tu.
07:12
But if we collect it very gently, and we bring it up into the lab
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Ale ak ho veľmi jemne vezmeme a prinesieme hore do laboratória,
07:15
and just squeeze it at the base of the stock,
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a zmačkneme na päte stonky,
07:18
it produces this light
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vytvorí svetlo,
07:20
that propagates from stem to the plume,
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ktoré sa šíri z koreňa na špičku,
07:22
changing color as it goes,
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meniac farbu
07:25
from green to blue.
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zo zelenej na modrú.
07:28
Colorization and sound effects
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Farby a zvukové efekty
07:30
added for you viewing pleasure.
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boli pridané pre pôžitok z pozorovania.
07:32
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
07:35
But we have no idea why it does that.
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Ale my vôbec netušíme, prečo to robí.
07:37
Here's another one. This is also a sea pen.
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Tu je ďalší príklad. Toto je tiež perovník.
07:39
It's got a brittle star hitching a ride.
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Pohybuje sa pomocou hviezdice.
07:42
It's a green saber of light.
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Je to zelená šabľa svetla.
07:44
And like the one you just saw,
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A presne ako to, čo ste zrovna videli,
07:46
it can produce these as bands of light.
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dokáže vyprodukovať množstvo svetla.
07:48
So if I squeeze the base,
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Takže ak ho zmačknem na začiatku,
07:50
the bands go from base to tip.
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svetlo ide od koreňa na špičku.
07:54
If I squeeze the tip, they go from tip to base.
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Ak zmačknem špičku, ide smerom ku koreňu.
08:00
So what do you think happens if you squeeze it in the middle?
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Čo si myslíte, že sa stane, keď ho zmáčknete uprostred?
08:04
(Gasps)
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(Zatajený dych)
08:07
I'd be very interested in your theories about what that's about.
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Veľmi by ma zaujímali vaše teórie, čím to je.
08:10
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:12
So there's a language of light in the deep ocean,
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Hlboký oceán má svoj vlastný jazyk,
08:14
and we're just beginning to understand it,
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a my sme úplne na počiatku jeho porozumenia.
08:17
and one way we're going about that
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Jedným spôsobom je
08:19
is we're imitating a lot of these displays.
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imitácia mnohých zobrazení.
08:21
This is an optical lure that I've used.
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To, čo sme použili je optická návnada.
08:23
We call it the electronic jellyfish.
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Voláme ju elektronická medúza.
08:25
It's just 16 blue LEDs
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Je to len 16 modrých LED svetiel,
08:27
that we can program to do different types of displays.
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ktoré môžeme naprogramovať na rôzne typy žiarenia.
08:29
And we view it with a camera system I developed called Eye-in-the-Sea
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Vidíme to pomocou kamerového systému, ktorý som vytvorila a volá sa Oko-v-Mori
08:32
that uses far red light that's invisible to most animals,
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a využíva ďalekosiahle svetlo, ktoré je neviditeľné pre väčšinu zvierat,
08:34
so it's unobtrusive.
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takže je nevtieravé.
08:36
So I just want to show you
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Chcela som Vám ukázať
08:38
some of the responses we've elicited
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niektoré z odpovedí, ktoré sa nám podarilo vyprovokovať
08:40
from animals in the deep sea.
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zo živočíchov v hlbokom oceáne.
08:42
So the camera's black and white.
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Kamera je čiernobiela.
08:44
It's not high-resolution.
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Je bez vysokého rozlíšenia.
08:46
And what you're seeing here is a bait box
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To, čo zrovna vidíte je návnada
08:48
with a bunch of -- like the cockroaches of the ocean --
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s pár - podobne ako oceánske šváby -
08:51
there are isopods all over it.
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všade naokolo sú izopody.
08:53
And right in the front
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Úplne na začiatku
08:55
is the electronic jellyfish.
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je elektronická medúza.
08:57
And when it starts flashing,
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Keď začne blikať,
08:59
it's just going to be one of the LEDs that's flashing very fast.
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práve teraz začne jedna z LEDiek blikať veľmi rýchlo.
09:02
But as soon as it starts to flash --
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akonáhle začne blikať -
09:04
and it's going to look big, because it blooms on the camera --
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a bude vypadať, že je veľká, pretože je po celej kamere -
09:06
I want you to look right here.
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Pozrite sa sem.
09:08
There's something small there that responds.
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Niečo malé odpovedá.
09:11
We're talking to something.
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My sa s niečim rozprávame.
09:13
It looks like a little of string pearls basically --
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V podstate to vypadá ako pásik perál,
09:17
in fact, three strings of pearls.
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v skutočnosti sú to tri pásiky perál.
09:20
And this was very consistent.
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Toto je veľmi konzistentné.
09:22
This was in the Bahamas at about 2,000 feet.
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Toto sa udialo na Bahamách, v hĺbke asi 650 metrov.
09:24
We basically have a chat room going on here,
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My sme tu v podstate mali chatovaciu miestnosť,
09:27
because once it gets started, everybody's talking.
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pretože raz začnete a každý rozpráva.
09:30
And I think this is actually a shrimp
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,Myslím si, že toto je zrovna morský rak
09:32
that's releasing its bioluminescent chemicals into the water.
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ktorý uvoľnuje bioluminiscentné chemikálie do vody.
09:35
But the cool thing is, we're talking to it.
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Super je to, že my sa s ním rozprávame.
09:37
We don't know what we're saying.
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Nevieme, čo hovoríme.
09:40
Personally, I think it's something sexy.
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Osobne si myslím, že to bude niečo sexi.
09:42
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:44
And then finally,
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A nakoniec,
09:46
I want to show you some responses that we recorded
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chcem vám ukázať niektoré z odpovedí, ktoré sme nahrali
09:48
with the world's first deep-sea webcam,
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s úplne prvou hĺbkovou webovou kamerou,
09:51
which we had installed in Monterey Canyon last year.
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ktorú sme nainštalovali v Monterey kaňone minulý rok.
09:53
We've only just begun to analyze all of this data.
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Len teraz sme začali analyzovať všetky tieto dáta.
09:56
This is going to be a glowing source first,
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Bude to na začiatku trošku žiariť,
09:59
which is like bioluminescent bacteria.
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je to ako bioluminiscentná baktéria.
10:01
And it is an optical cue
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Je to optický podnet,
10:03
that there's carrion on the bottom of the ocean.
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že na dne oceánu je mršina.
10:06
So this scavenger comes in,
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Prichádza čistič,
10:09
which is a giant sixgill shark.
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a je ním obrovský žralok šesťžiabrý.
10:11
And I can't claim for sure
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Nemôžem povedať s istotou,
10:13
that the optical source brought it in, because there's bait right there.
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že to sem prilákal ten optický zdroj, pretože tam je tá návnada.
10:16
But if it had been following the odor plume,
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Ale ak by sledoval ten zápach
10:18
it would have come in from the other direction.
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prišiel by z iného smeru.
10:20
And it does actually seem to be trying
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Vypadá to, že sa snaží
10:22
to eat the electronic jellyfish.
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zjesť elektronickú medúzu.
10:25
That's a 12-foot-long giant sixgill shark.
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Toto je 12 stôp dlhý šesťžiabrový žralok.
10:29
Okay, so this next one is from the webcam,
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OK, to čo príde je z webkamery,
10:32
and it's going to be this pinwheel display.
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a bude to na tejto hračkárskej obrazovke.
10:35
And this is a burglar alarm.
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Toto je poplašné zariadenie.
10:38
And that was a Humboldt squid,
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A to bol Kalamár peruánsky,
10:40
a juvenile Humboldt squid, about three feet long.
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mláďa Kalamára peruánskeho, približne tri stopy dlhé.
10:43
This is at 3,000 feet in Monterey Canyon.
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Toto je v hĺbke 1000 metrov v kaňone Monterey.
10:46
But if it's a burglar alarm, you wouldn't expect it to attack the jellyfish directly.
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Ale ak by to bolo poplašné zariadenie, neočakávali by ste, že napadne medúzu priamo.
10:49
It's supposed to be attacking what's attacking the jellyfish.
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Mal by predsa napadať to, čo napadá tú medúzu.
10:52
But we did see a bunch of responses like this.
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Ale my sme videli množstvo odpovedí ako je táto.
10:55
This guy is a little more contemplative.
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Tento chalan je o niečo hĺbavejší.
10:58
"Hey, wait a minute.
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"Hmm, počkaj.
11:00
There's supposed to be something else there."
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Malo by tu byť niečo väčšie."
11:02
He's thinking about it.
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Premýšľa o tom.
11:05
But he's persistent.
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Ale je neodbytný.
11:07
He keeps coming back.
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Stále sa vracia.
11:09
And then he goes away for a few seconds
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Vždy sa na pár sekúnd vzdiali,
11:11
to think about it some more,
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aby si to ešte trošku premyslel,
11:13
and thinks,
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a premýšľa,
11:15
"Maybe if I come in from a different angle."
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"Možno, keď by som prišiel z iného smeru."
11:19
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
11:22
Nope.
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Nie.
11:24
So we are starting to get a handle on this,
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Začíname do toho prenikať,
11:27
but only just the beginnings.
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ale sme iba na začiatku.
11:29
We need more eyes on the process.
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Do procesu potrebujeme zapojiť viac očí.
11:31
So if any of you ever get a chance to take a dive in a submersible,
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Takže ak by ktokoľvek z vás dostal príležitosť potopiť sa v ponorke,
11:34
by all means, climb in and take the plunge.
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za každú cenu tam vlezte a ponorte sa.
11:37
This is something that should be on everybody's bucket list,
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Toto je niečo, čo by malo byť na zozname snov každého z nás,
11:40
because we live on an ocean planet.
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pretože žijeme na oceánskej planéte.
11:44
More than 90 percent, 99 percent,
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Viac ako 90, 99 percent,
11:46
of the living space on our planet
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obývaného priestoru našej planéty
11:49
is ocean.
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je oceán.
11:52
It's a magical place
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Je to čarovné miesto,
11:55
filled with breathtaking light shows
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plné úchvatných svetelných predstavení,
12:03
and bizarre and wondrous creatures,
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zvláštnych a úžasných stvorení,
12:07
alien life forms
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cudzích foriem života
12:09
that you don't have to travel to another planet to see.
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nemusíte cestovať na inú planétu, aby ste ich videli.
12:12
But if you do take the plunge,
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Ale ak sa potopíte,
12:15
please remember to turn out the lights.
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nezabudnite vypnúť svetlá.
12:18
But I warn you,
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Varujem vás,
12:21
it's addictive.
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je to návykové.
12:30
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
12:32
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edith Widder - Marine biologistEdith Widder combines her expertise in research and technological innovation with a commitment to stopping and reversing the degradation of our marine environment.
Why you should listen
A specialist in bioluminescence, Edith Widder helps design and invent new submersible instruments and equipment to study bioluminescence and enable unobtrusive observation of deep-sea environments. Her innovative tools for exploration have produced footage of rare and wonderful bioluminescent displays and never-before-seen denizens of the deep, including, most recently, the first video ever recorded of the giant squid, Architeuthis, in its natural habitat.
In 2005 she founded the Ocean Research & Conservation Association (ORCA), which is dedicated to protecting aquatic ecosystems and the species they sustain through the development of innovative technologies and science-based conservation action.; In an effort to protect and revitalize the ocean she loves she has been focusing on developing tools for finding and tracking pollution -- a major threat to all of our water ecosystems and ultimately to human health. She was awarded a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2006.
In 2012, Widder was among the team that filmed the giant squid (Architeuthis) for the first time in its home ocean.
Edith Widder | Speaker | TED.com