TEDxHousesOfParliament
David Puttnam: Does the media have a "duty of care"?
David Puttnam: Kaj se zgodi, ko je prioriteta medijev dobiček?
Filmed:
Readability: 5.4
935,362 views
David Puttnam v svojem premišljenem govoru zastavi vprašanje o medijih: ali imajo moralni imperativ ustvarjati informirane državljane ali lahko prosto sledijo dobičku za vsako ceno, kot katerokoli drugo podjetje? Njegova rešitev, kako uravnovesiti dobiček z odgovornostjo je drzna ... in morda se z njo ne boste strinjali. (Posneto na TEDxHousesofParliament)
David Puttnam - Producer
After a much-awarded career as a film producer, Lord David Puttnam now works at the intersection of education, media and policy. Full bio
After a much-awarded career as a film producer, Lord David Puttnam now works at the intersection of education, media and policy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to start, if I may,
0
872
1544
Če smem, bi začel
00:14
with the story of the Paisley snail.
1
2416
2724
z zgodbo o polžu iz Paisleya.
00:17
On the evening of the 26th of August, 1928,
2
5140
3215
26. avgusta 1928 zvečer
00:20
May Donoghue took a train from Glasgow
3
8355
2374
se je May Donoghue z vlakom
odpeljala iz Glasgowa
odpeljala iz Glasgowa
00:22
to the town of Paisley, seven miles east of the city,
4
10729
2531
v Paisley, sedem milj vzhodno od mesta.
00:25
and there at the Wellmeadow Café,
5
13260
2313
Tam je v kavarni Wellmeadow
00:27
she had a Scots ice cream float,
6
15573
3126
naročila škotski sladoledov napitek
00:30
a mix of ice cream and ginger beer
7
18699
1847
mešanico sladoleda in ingverjevega piva,
00:32
bought for her by a friend.
8
20546
1955
ki ji ga je plačal prijatelj.
00:34
The ginger beer came in a brown, opaque bottle
9
22501
2401
Ingverjevo pivo je bilo
v temno rjavi steklenici
v temno rjavi steklenici
00:36
labeled "D. Stevenson, Glen Lane, Paisley."
10
24902
3863
z oznako "D. Stevenson,
Glen Lane, Paisley."
Glen Lane, Paisley."
00:40
She drank some of the ice cream float,
11
28765
2076
Popila je nekaj napitka,
00:42
but as the remaining ginger beer was poured
12
30841
1834
a ko so ji v kozarec
00:44
into her tumbler,
13
32675
1396
dolili preostalo pivo,
00:46
a decomposed snail
14
34071
2453
je na površje splaval
00:48
floated to the surface of her glass.
15
36524
2582
razpadajoč polž.
00:51
Three days later, she was admitted
16
39106
1544
Čez tri dni so jo sprejeli
00:52
to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary
17
40650
1506
v bolnišnico v Glasgowu
00:54
and diagnosed with severe gastroenteritis
18
42156
2058
in ugotovili, da ima resen gastroenteritis
00:56
and shock.
19
44214
1953
ter da je v šoku.
00:58
The case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson that followed
20
46167
3268
Primer Donoghue proti Stevensonu,
ki je sledil,
ki je sledil,
01:01
set a very important legal precedent:
21
49435
2645
je postavil pomemben pravni precedens:
01:04
Stevenson, the manufacturer of the ginger beer,
22
52080
1731
Proizvajalec ingverjevega piva Stevenson
01:05
was held to have a clear duty of care
23
53811
2777
je imel jasno dolžnost skrbnega ravnanja
01:08
towards May Donoghue,
24
56588
1448
do May Donoghue,
01:10
even though there was no contract between them,
25
58036
2102
čeprav med njima ni bilo pogodbe
01:12
and, indeed, she hadn't even bought the drink.
26
60138
2817
in čeprav ni sama niti kupila pijače.
01:14
One of the judges, Lord Atkin, described it like this:
27
62955
3019
Lord Atkin, eden od sodnikov,
je zadevo opisal tako:
je zadevo opisal tako:
01:17
You must take care to avoid acts or omissions
28
65974
2910
Izogibati se morate dejanjem ali
njihovi opustitvi,
njihovi opustitvi,
01:20
which you can reasonably foresee
29
68884
2068
če lahko razumno predvidevate,
01:22
would be likely to injure your neighbor.
30
70952
3228
da bi to lahko poškodovalo drugega.
01:26
Indeed, one wonders that without a duty of care,
31
74180
2343
Če bi ta dolžnost ne obstajala,
se sprašujem,
se sprašujem,
01:28
how many people would have had to suffer
32
76523
1746
koliko bi jih še zbolelo,
01:30
from gastroenteritis before Stevenson
eventually went out of business.
eventually went out of business.
33
78269
3724
preden bi Stevenson izgubil posel.
01:33
Now please hang on to that Paisley snail story,
34
81993
2381
Ohranite zgodbo o polžu v mislih,
01:36
because it's an important principle.
35
84374
3233
saj vsebuje pomembno načelo.
Lani je dobrodelna organizacija,
Hansard Society,
Hansard Society,
01:39
Last year, the Hansard Society,
a nonpartisan charity
a nonpartisan charity
36
87607
2494
01:42
which seeks to strengthen parliamentary democracy
37
90101
1906
ki si prizadeva za boljšo
parlamentarno demokracijo
parlamentarno demokracijo
01:44
and encourage greater public involvement in politics
38
92007
3237
ter spodbuja vključevanje javnosti
v politiko,
v politiko,
01:47
published, alongside their annual audit
39
95244
2587
poleg letnega poročila
01:49
of political engagement, an additional section
40
97831
2873
objavila tudi posebno poglavje
01:52
devoted entirely to politics and the media.
41
100704
3123
o politiki in medijih.
01:55
Here are a couple of rather depressing observations
42
103827
2375
Tule je nekaj depresivnih izsledkov
01:58
from that survey.
43
106202
2008
te raziskave.
02:00
Tabloid newspapers do not appear
44
108210
2165
Tabloidi ne pomagajo
02:02
to advance the political citizenship of their readers,
45
110375
2833
graditi političnega državljanstva
med bralci,
med bralci,
02:05
relative even to those
46
113208
1573
pravzaprav je še slabše
02:06
who read no newspapers whatsoever.
47
114781
3226
kot med tistimi, ki sploh
ne berejo časopisov.
ne berejo časopisov.
02:10
Tabloid-only readers are twice as likely to agree
48
118007
2992
Bralci izključno tabloidov
bodo dvakrat bolj verjetno
bodo dvakrat bolj verjetno
02:12
with a negative view of politics
49
120999
1851
imeli negativno mnenje o politiki,
02:14
than readers of no newspapers.
50
122850
2575
kot ne-bralci časopisov.
02:17
They're not just less politically engaged.
51
125425
1993
Ne samo, da so manj politično angažirani.
02:19
They are consuming media that reinforces
52
127418
2448
Berejo medije, ki krepijo njihov
02:21
their negative evaluation of politics,
53
129866
1962
negativen pogled na politiko,
02:23
thereby contributing to a fatalistic and cynical
54
131828
3103
s čimer spodbujajo fatalističen in ciničen
02:26
attitude to democracy and their own role within it.
55
134931
3335
odnos do demokracije in
njihove vloge v njej.
njihove vloge v njej.
02:30
Little wonder that the report concluded that
56
138266
2160
Nič čudnega, da je poročilo ugotovilo,
02:32
in this respect, the press, particularly the tabloids,
57
140426
3190
da v tem smislu tisk, posebej tabloidi,
02:35
appear not to be living up to the importance
58
143616
2339
ne upravičujejo svoje vloge glede
02:37
of their role in our democracy.
59
145955
2636
njihovega pomena za demokracijo.
02:40
Now I doubt if anyone in this room would seriously
60
148591
2059
Dvomim, da bo kdo med vami
02:42
challenge that view.
61
150650
1447
resno izzval to mnenje.
02:44
But if Hansard are right, and they usually are,
62
152097
2616
A če ima Hansard prav, in ponavadi ima,
02:46
then we've got a very serious problem on our hands,
63
154713
1976
potem je to velik problem,
02:48
and it's one that I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes
64
156689
2635
na katerega se bom osredotočil
02:51
focusing upon.
65
159324
2029
v naslednjih desetih minutah.
02:53
Since the Paisley snail,
66
161353
1683
Od časa polža iz Paisleya
02:55
and especially over the past decade or so,
67
163036
2464
ter posebej v zadnjem desetletju
02:57
a great deal of thinking has been developed
68
165500
1919
se je razmišljanje o
dolžnosti skrbnega ravnanja
dolžnosti skrbnega ravnanja
02:59
around the notion of a duty of care
69
167419
1859
precej razvilo,
03:01
as it relates to a number of aspects of civil society.
70
169278
2539
saj je povezano s številnimi vidiki
civilne družbe.
civilne družbe.
03:03
Generally a duty of care arises when one individual
71
171817
2744
V splošnem dolžnost skrbnega ravnanja
nastane, ko posameznik
nastane, ko posameznik
03:06
or a group of individuals undertakes an activity
72
174561
2734
ali skupina izvaja določen akt,
03:09
which has the potential to cause harm to another,
73
177295
2530
ki bi lahko drugim naredil škodo,
03:11
either physically, mentally or economically.
74
179825
2714
fizično, duševno ali gospodarsko.
03:14
This is principally focused on obvious areas,
75
182539
2471
To se nanaša predvsem na očitne zadeve,
03:17
such as our empathetic response
to children and young people,
to children and young people,
76
185010
3042
denimo empatičen odnos
do otrok in mladine,
do otrok in mladine,
03:20
to our service personnel, and
to the elderly and infirm.
to the elderly and infirm.
77
188052
2726
do uslužbencev, starejših in nemočnih.
03:22
It is seldom, if ever, extended
to equally important arguments
to equally important arguments
78
190778
4193
Redko, če sploh, se razširi na
prav tako pomembne razprave
prav tako pomembne razprave
03:26
around the fragility of our
present system of government,
present system of government,
79
194971
4250
o ranljivosti trenutnega sistema vladanja,
03:31
to the notion that honesty, accuracy and impartiality
80
199221
3509
v smislu, da so poštenje, točnost
in nepristranskost
in nepristranskost
03:34
are fundamental to the process of building
81
202730
2144
ključne za gradnjo
03:36
and embedding an informed,
82
204874
1729
in utrditev jasne
03:38
participatory democracy.
83
206603
2757
participatorne demokracije.
03:41
And the more you think about it,
84
209360
1421
Bolj ko razmišljate o tem,
03:42
the stranger that is.
85
210781
1831
bolj čudno postaja.
03:44
A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure
86
212612
1462
Pred nekaj leti sem imel čast
03:46
of opening a brand new school
87
214074
1754
otvoriti čisto novo šolo
03:47
in the northeast of England.
88
215828
1571
na severovzhodu Anglije.
03:49
It had been renamed by its pupils as Academy 360.
89
217399
3539
Učenci so jo preimenovali v Akademijo 360.
03:52
As I walked through their impressive,
90
220938
1852
Ko sem šel skozi občudovanja vreden
03:54
glass-covered atrium,
91
222790
1375
stekleni atrij,
03:56
in front of me, emblazoned on the wall
92
224165
1818
sem pred seboj v zidu videl,
03:57
in letters of fire
93
225983
1548
z ognjenimi črkami, vgraviran znan
03:59
was Marcus Aurelius's famous injunction:
94
227531
3101
opomin Marka Avrelija:
04:02
If it's not true, don't say it;
95
230632
2855
Če ni res, tega ne govori,
04:05
if it's not right, don't do it.
96
233487
3083
če ni prav, tega ne stori.
04:08
The head teacher saw me staring at it,
97
236570
1988
Ravnatelj je videl, da gledam tja,
04:10
and he said, "Oh, that's our school motto."
98
238558
2792
in dejal je: "Oh, to je moto naše šole."
04:13
On the train back to London,
99
241350
1727
Na vlaku nazaj proti Londonu
04:15
I couldn't get it out of my mind.
100
243077
1854
mi to ni dalo miru.
04:16
I kept thinking, can it really have taken us
101
244931
2559
Smo res potrebovali
04:19
over 2,000 years to come to terms
102
247490
2211
več kot 2000 let, da smo sprejeli,
04:21
with that simple notion
103
249701
1865
da je to enostavno načelo tisto najmanj,
04:23
as being our minimum expectation of each other?
104
251566
2952
kar pričakujemo drug od drugega?
04:26
Isn't it time that we develop this concept
105
254518
2608
Mar ni čas, da razvijemo koncept
04:29
of a duty of care
106
257126
1669
dolžnosti skrbnega ravnanja
04:30
and extended it to include a care
107
258795
2426
ter ga razširimo na skrb
04:33
for our shared but increasingly
endangered democratic values?
endangered democratic values?
108
261221
3264
za skupne, a vse bolj ogrožene
demokratične vrednote?
demokratične vrednote?
04:36
After all, the absence of a duty of care
109
264485
1857
Odsotnost dolžnosti skrbnega ravnanja
04:38
within many professions
110
266342
1590
v mnogih poklicih
04:39
can all too easily amount to
accusations of negligence,
accusations of negligence,
111
267932
2503
prehitro pripelje do obtožb zanemarjanja,
04:42
and that being the case, can we be
really comfortable with the thought
really comfortable with the thought
112
270435
3107
v tem primeru - ali res lahko
kar sprejmemo misel,
kar sprejmemo misel,
04:45
that we're in effect being negligent
113
273542
2301
da v bistvu zanemarjamo
04:47
in respect of the health of our own societies
114
275843
2791
zdravje lastne družbe
04:50
and the values that necessarily underpin them?
115
278634
2735
ter vrednot, na katerih temelji?
04:53
Could anyone honestly suggest, on the evidence,
116
281369
2995
Lahko kdo pošteno potrdi, z dokazi,
04:56
that the same media which
Hansard so roundly condemned
Hansard so roundly condemned
117
284364
3256
da se isti mediji, ki jih
je Hansard tako odkrito obsodil,
je Hansard tako odkrito obsodil,
04:59
have taken sufficient care to avoid behaving
118
287620
3287
dovolj skrbno izogibajo
05:02
in ways which they could reasonably have foreseen
119
290907
3442
obnašanju, za katerega lahko predvidijo,
05:06
would be likely to undermine or even damage
120
294349
2101
da bi utegnilo spodkopati
ali celo poškodovati
ali celo poškodovati
05:08
our inherently fragile democratic settlement.
121
296450
2834
našo krhko demokratično ureditev.
05:11
Now there will be those who will argue
122
299284
2021
Seveda bodo nekateri trdili,
05:13
that this could all too easily drift into a form
123
301305
1773
da to lahko hitro zdrsne v
05:15
of censorship, albeit self-censorship,
124
303078
2007
cenzuro, četudi samocenzuro,
05:17
but I don't buy that argument.
125
305085
1956
a ta argument zame ne zdrži.
05:19
It has to be possible
126
307041
2059
Mora biti mogoče
05:21
to balance freedom of expression
127
309100
2100
uravnotežiti svobodo izražanja
05:23
with wider moral and social responsibilities.
128
311200
3207
s širšo moralno
in družbeno odgovornostjo.
in družbeno odgovornostjo.
05:26
Let me explain why by taking the example
129
314407
1851
Naj pojasnim z lastnim primerom
05:28
from my own career as a filmmaker.
130
316258
2903
iz svoje kariere filmarja.
05:31
Throughout that career, I never accepted
131
319161
1807
Ves ta čas nisem nikoli sprejel,
05:32
that a filmmaker should set about putting
132
320968
1627
da bi filmarji
05:34
their own work outside or above what he or she
133
322595
3050
svoje delo postavljali izven ali iznad
05:37
believed to be a decent set of values
134
325645
1950
lastnega dostojnega seta vrednot
05:39
for their own life, their own family,
135
327595
3349
o svojem življenju, svoji družini
05:42
and the future of the society in which we all live.
136
330944
3591
ter prihodnosti družbe, v kateri živimo.
05:46
I'd go further.
137
334535
1324
Še več.
05:47
A responsible filmmaker should
never devalue their work
never devalue their work
138
335859
3294
Odgovoren filmar ne bi nikoli
razvrednotil svojega dela
razvrednotil svojega dela
05:51
to a point at which it becomes less than true
139
339153
2044
do te mere, da bi postalo manj kot zvesto
05:53
to the world they themselves wish to inhabit.
140
341197
3440
svetu, v katerem sam želi živeti.
05:56
As I see it, filmmakers, journalists, even bloggers
141
344637
3386
Filmarji, novinarji, celo blogerji
06:00
are all required to face up to the social expectations
142
348023
2524
morajo spoštovati družbena pričakovanja,
06:02
that come with combining the
intrinsic power of their medium
intrinsic power of their medium
143
350547
3755
ki pridejo z močjo njihovega medija
06:06
with their well-honed professional skills.
144
354302
3374
v kombinaciji z njihovimi
strokovnimi veščinami.
strokovnimi veščinami.
06:09
Obviously this is not a mandated duty,
145
357676
2887
Seveda ta dolžnost ni napisana,
06:12
but for the gifted filmmaker
and the responsible journalist
and the responsible journalist
146
360563
2482
a je za nadarjenega filmarja
in odgovornega novinarja
in odgovornega novinarja
06:15
or even blogger, it strikes me
as being utterly inescapable.
as being utterly inescapable.
147
363045
3809
ali celo blogerja
po moje povsem neizogibna.
po moje povsem neizogibna.
06:18
We should always remember that our notion
148
366865
2599
Moramo se zavedati, da je naša predstava
06:21
of individual freedom and
its partner, creative freedom,
its partner, creative freedom,
149
369464
2891
o svobodi posameznika in o
ustvarjalni svobodi
ustvarjalni svobodi
06:24
is comparatively new
150
372355
1795
v zgodovini zahodne ideje
06:26
in the history of Western ideas,
151
374150
2262
precej nova,
06:28
and for that reason, it's often undervalued
152
376412
1918
zato je pogosto podcenjena
06:30
and can be very quickly undermined.
153
378330
2363
in se jo hitro lahko spodkoplje.
06:32
It's a prize easily lost,
154
380693
2227
Je nagrada, ki hitro izgine
06:34
and once lost, once surrendered,
155
382920
1763
in ko je izgubljena, predana,
06:36
it can prove very, very hard to reclaim.
156
384683
3317
jo je zelo težko dobiti nazaj.
06:40
And its first line of defense
157
388000
1525
Prva obrambna črta
06:41
has to be our own standards,
158
389525
2351
morajo biti naši lastni standardi,
06:43
not those enforced on us by a censor or legislation,
159
391876
3739
ne tisti, ki jih določi cenzor ali zakon,
06:47
our own standards and our own integrity.
160
395615
1823
lastni standardi in lastna integriteta.
06:49
Our integrity as we deal with those
161
397438
1994
Naša integriteta, ko
06:51
with whom we work
162
399432
1548
delamo z drugimi
06:52
and our own standards as we operate within society.
163
400980
3625
in naši standardi, ko delujemo v družbi.
06:56
And these standards of ours
164
404605
1470
Ti naši standardi
06:58
need to be all of a piece with
a sustainable social agenda.
a sustainable social agenda.
165
406075
3265
morajo biti del
trajnostne družbene agende.
trajnostne družbene agende.
07:01
They're part of a collective responsibility,
166
409340
2113
So del kolektivne odgovornosti,
07:03
the responsibility of the artist or the journalist
167
411453
2130
odgovornosti umetnika ali novinarja,
07:05
to deal with the world as it really is,
168
413583
2374
da pokaže svet, kakršen je,
07:07
and this, in turn, must go hand in hand
169
415957
2449
to pa mora iti z roko v roki
07:10
with the responsibility of those governing society
170
418406
2418
z odgovornostjo tistih, ki vodijo družbo,
07:12
to also face up to that world,
171
420824
2077
da se soočijo s tem svetom
07:14
and not to be tempted to misappropriate
172
422901
2360
ter nimajo skušnjav,
da bi napačno identificirali
da bi napačno identificirali
07:17
the causes of its ills.
173
425276
2577
vzroke za njegove težave.
07:19
Yet, as has become strikingly clear
174
427853
2646
A v zadnjih letih
07:22
over the last couple of years,
175
430499
2068
je postalo osupljivo jasno,
07:24
such responsibility has to a very great extent
176
432567
2034
da je velik del medijev
07:26
been abrogated by large sections of the media.
177
434601
3043
v veliki meri zaobšel to odgovornost.
07:29
And as a consequence, across the Western world,
178
437644
1940
Posledično po vsem zahodnem svetu
07:31
the over-simplistic policies of the parties of protest
179
439584
3299
poenostavljeni pristopi strank k protestu
07:34
and their appeal to a largely disillusioned,
180
442883
2385
in pozivi predvsem razočaranim
07:37
older demographic,
181
445268
1389
starejšim ljudem,
07:38
along with the apathy and obsession with the trivial
182
446657
2208
skupaj z apatijo
in obsedenostjo s trivialnim,
in obsedenostjo s trivialnim,
07:40
that typifies at least some of the young,
183
448865
1898
značilno za vsaj del mladine,
07:42
taken together, these and other similarly
184
450763
2058
vse skupaj, ti in podobni
07:44
contemporary aberrations
185
452821
2081
moderni odkloni
07:46
are threatening to squeeze the life
186
454902
2047
grozijo, da bodo uničili
07:48
out of active, informed debate and engagement,
187
456949
3574
aktivno, informirano razpravo
in aktivnost,
in aktivnost,
07:52
and I stress active.
188
460523
2527
poudarjam aktivnost.
07:55
The most ardent of libertarians might argue
189
463050
2277
Najbolj zavzeti libertarci bodo rekli,
07:57
that Donoghue v. Stevenson should
have been thrown out of court
have been thrown out of court
190
465327
2994
da bi sodišče moralo zavreči primer
Donoghue proti Stevensonu
Donoghue proti Stevensonu
08:00
and that Stevenson would eventually
have gone out of business
have gone out of business
191
468321
2118
ter da bi Stevenson
sčasoma izgubil posel,
sčasoma izgubil posel,
08:02
if he'd continued to sell ginger beer with snails in it.
192
470439
3417
če bi še naprej prodajal pivo s polži.
08:05
But most of us, I think, accept some small role
193
473856
3414
A večina med nami
verjetno sprejema razumno vlogo
verjetno sprejema razumno vlogo
08:09
for the state to enforce a duty of care,
194
477270
3078
države pri uresničevanju
dolžnosti skrbnega ravnanja,
dolžnosti skrbnega ravnanja,
08:12
and the key word here is reasonable.
195
480348
2672
poudarek je na "razumno".
08:15
Judges must ask, did they take reasonable care
196
483020
3580
Sodnik se mora vprašati,
ali so ustrezno poskrbeli
ali so ustrezno poskrbeli
08:18
and could they have reasonably foreseen
197
486600
1415
in razumno predvideli
08:20
the consequences of their actions?
198
488015
2198
posledice svojih dejanj.
08:22
Far from signifying overbearing state power,
199
490213
2982
To ne pomeni prevlade države,
08:25
it's that small common sense test of reasonableness
200
493195
3525
je pa majhen skupni test razumnosti,
08:28
that I'd like us to apply to those in the media
201
496720
2659
za katerega bi rad,
da bi se nanašal na medije,
da bi se nanašal na medije,
08:31
who, after all, set the tone and the content
202
499379
2271
ki dajejo ton in vsebino
08:33
for much of our democratic discourse.
203
501650
3317
večini naše demokratične razprave.
08:36
Democracy, in order to work, requires that
204
504967
2720
Če hoče demokracija delovati,
08:39
reasonable men and women take
the time to understand and debate
the time to understand and debate
205
507687
2948
morajo razumni možje in žene
razumeti in razpravljati
razumeti in razpravljati
08:42
difficult, sometimes complex issues,
206
510635
2332
o včasih težkih, kompleksnih stvareh
08:44
and they do so in an atmosphere which strives
207
512967
2293
in to počnejo v atmosferi, ki ima za cilj
08:47
for the type of understanding that leads to,
208
515260
2399
razumevanje, ki vodi do sporazuma
08:49
if not agreement, then at least a productive
209
517659
2067
ali pa vsaj do produktivnega,
08:51
and workable compromise.
210
519726
2367
delujočega kompromisa.
08:54
Politics is about choices,
211
522093
2357
Politika so izbire
08:56
and within those choices, politics is about priorities.
212
524450
3991
in med njimi gre za prioritete.
09:00
It's about reconciling conflicting preferences
213
528441
2538
Treba je uskladiti nasprotujoče si izbire,
09:02
wherever and whenever possibly based on fact.
214
530979
5216
kjerkoli in kadarkoli mogoče
na podlagi dejstev.
na podlagi dejstev.
09:08
But if the facts themselves are distorted,
215
536195
2471
A če so dejstva izkrivljena,
09:10
the resolutions are likely only
to create further conflict,
to create further conflict,
216
538666
3723
bodo dogovori verjetno
le še povečali konflikt,
le še povečali konflikt,
09:14
with all the stresses and strains on society
217
542389
1887
sledil pa mu bo
09:16
that inevitably follow.
218
544276
2216
pritisk na družbo.
09:18
The media have to decide:
219
546492
1947
Mediji se morajo odločiti:
09:20
Do they see their role as being to inflame
220
548439
3174
je njihova vloga razvnemati
09:23
or to inform?
221
551613
2330
ali informirati?
09:25
Because in the end, it comes down to a combination
222
553943
2862
Konec koncev vedno pridemo do
09:28
of trust and leadership.
223
556805
2491
kombinacije zaupanja in vodenja.
09:31
Fifty years ago this week,
President John F. Kennedy
President John F. Kennedy
224
559296
2577
Pred 50 leti je predsednik John F. Kenedy
09:33
made two epoch-making speeches,
225
561873
1606
imel dva epska govora,
09:35
the first on disarmament
and the second on civil rights.
and the second on civil rights.
226
563479
3497
enega o razoroževanju in
drugega o državljanskih pravicah.
drugega o državljanskih pravicah.
09:38
The first led almost immediately
227
566976
2102
Prvi je skoraj takoj vodil
v Pogodbo o prepovedi jedrskih poskusov,
09:41
to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
228
569078
1581
09:42
and the second led to the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
229
570659
3065
drugi je leta 1964 vodil
v Zakon o državljanskih pravicah,
v Zakon o državljanskih pravicah,
09:45
both of which represented giant leaps forward.
230
573724
3586
oba sta bila velika skoka naprej.
09:49
Democracy, well-led and well-informed,
231
577310
2405
Dobro vodena
in dobro informirana demokracija
in dobro informirana demokracija
09:51
can achieve very great things,
232
579715
2493
lahko doseže veličastne stvari,
09:54
but there's a precondition.
233
582208
1673
a obstaja predpogoj.
09:55
We have to trust that those making those decisions
234
583881
3311
Zaupati moramo tistim,
ki odločajo,
ki odločajo,
09:59
are acting in the best interest not of themselves
235
587192
2467
da ne delujejo v svojem interesu,
10:01
but of the whole of the people.
236
589659
1764
pač pa v interesu vseh ljudi.
10:03
We need factually-based options,
237
591423
3079
Potrebujemo na dejstvih utemeljena mnenja,
10:06
clearly laid out,
238
594502
1239
jasno razdelana,
10:07
not those of a few powerful
239
595741
1398
ne tista peščice močnih
10:09
and potentially manipulative corporations
240
597139
2097
in potencialno manipulativnih korporacij,
10:11
pursuing their own frequently narrow agendas,
241
599236
2367
ki sledijo svojim pogosto ozkim ciljem,
10:13
but accurate, unprejudiced information
242
601603
2429
temveč točne, nepristranske informacije,
10:16
with which to make our own judgments.
243
604032
2376
ki nam bodo pomagale sprejemati odločitve.
10:18
If we want to provide decent, fulfilling lives
244
606408
1894
Če želimo svojim otrokom in vnukom
10:20
for our children and our children's children,
245
608302
2311
zagotoviti dostojno, polno življenje,
10:22
we need to exercise to the
very greatest degree possible
very greatest degree possible
246
610613
3117
moramo v največji možni meri izvajati
10:25
that duty of care for a vibrant,
247
613730
1712
dolžnost skrbnega ravnanja,
10:27
and hopefully a lasting, democracy.
248
615442
2897
za živahno in upam, trajno, demokracijo.
10:30
Thank you very much for listening to me.
249
618339
2083
Hvala lepa, da ste me poslušali.
10:32
(Applause)
250
620422
3939
(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Puttnam - ProducerAfter a much-awarded career as a film producer, Lord David Puttnam now works at the intersection of education, media and policy.
Why you should listen
David Puttnam spent thirty years as an independent producer of award-winning films, including The Mission, The Killing Fields, Local Hero, Chariots of Fire, Midnight Express, Bugsy Malone and Memphis Belle. His films have won ten Oscars, 25 Baftas and the Palme D'Or at Cannes.
He retired from film production in 1998 to focus on his work in public policy as it relates to education, the environment, and the creative and communications industries. In 1998 he founded the National Teaching Awards, which he chaired until 2008, also serving as the first Chair of the General Teaching Council from 2000 to 2002. From July 2002 to July 2009 he was president of UNICEF UK, playing a key role in promoting UNICEF’s advocacy and awareness objectives.
David Puttnam | Speaker | TED.com