TED2011
Paul Romer: The world's first charter city?
Paul Romer: Qyteti i pare me qira?
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Ne vitin 2009, Paul Romver shpalosi iden per nje qytet me qira -- nje qyte i ri ne rregulla te cilat e favorizojne demokracin dhe tregetin.Kete vit tek TED 2011,ai tregon rrefimin se si nje qytet i till mund te ndodh ne Honduras .. me nje ndihme te vogel nga biseda e TED-it
Paul Romer - Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, World Bank
Paul Romer's research on catch-up growth in low- and middle-income countries has emphasized the importance of government policies that encourage orderly urban expansion. Full bio
Paul Romer's research on catch-up growth in low- and middle-income countries has emphasized the importance of government policies that encourage orderly urban expansion. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
In 2007,
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ne 2007,
00:17
I decided that we needed to reconceptualize
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Une vendosa se na duhet te re-konceptojme
00:19
how we thought about economic development.
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se si mendojme rreth zhvillimit ekonomik
00:21
Our new goal should be
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Qellimi yne i ri duhet te jet
00:23
that when every family thinks about where they want to live and work,
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qe secila familje qe deshirone te punoje dhe te jetoj diku
00:26
they should be able to choose between
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ata duhet te kene mundesi te zgjedhin ne mes
00:28
at least a handful
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te qyteteve te
00:30
of different cities
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ndryshme
00:32
that were all competing to attract new residents.
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te cilat bejne konkurence njera tjeteres per te marrur resident te ri.
00:35
Now we're a long way away from that goal right now.
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Tani ne jemi shum large per t'ia arritur atij qellimi.
00:38
There are billions of people in developing countries
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Jan miljarda njerez neper shtete te zhvilluara
00:41
who don't have even a single city that would be willing to welcome them.
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te cilat nuk kan nje shtet te vetem i cili mundet ti mirpres ata
00:44
But the amazing thing about cities
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mirpo gjeja e mire rreth qyteteve
00:46
is they're worth so much more
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eshte ato jan te shum te vlefshme
00:48
than it costs to build them.
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qe kushton ti ndertosh ato
00:50
So we could easily supply the world
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Pra ne mundemi shum thjesht ti ofrojme botes
00:53
with dozens, maybe hundreds,
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me dhjetra, apo mijera
00:55
of new cities.
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qytete te reja.
00:57
Now this might sound preposterous to you
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Tani ky mund te tinglloj disi e pamundur per juve
00:59
if you've never thought about new cities.
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pershembull, nese kurr nuk keni menduar per qytete te reja
01:01
But just substitute apartment building for cities.
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mirpo vetem i keni ndrruar apartamentet neper qytet
01:03
Imagine half the people who wanted to be in apartments already had them;
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Imagjinoni sikurse gjysma e njerezve te cilet deshirojne te jene ne nje apartament pothuajse jane;
01:06
the other half aren't there yet.
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ndersa gjysma tjeter nuk jane akoma.
01:08
You could try and expand the capacity
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Ju mundeni te provoni ta rrisni kapacitetin
01:11
by doing additions on all the existing apartments.
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duke shtuar neper apartmentet eksistuese,
01:14
But you know what you'd run into
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mirpo ju e dini qfar do te hasni ne to
01:16
is those apartments and the surrounding areas
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apartamente dhe vende rrethuese
01:18
have rules to avoid discomfort
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te cila kan rregulla per te prishur planet
01:20
and the distractions of construction.
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dhe mos prishje te konstruksioneve.
01:23
So it's extremely hard to do all of those additions.
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Pra eshte shum veshtir te shtohen te gjitha ato shtesa
01:25
But you could go out someplace brand new,
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mirpo ju mundeni te dilni jasht diku tjeter
01:27
build a brand new apartment building,
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te ndertoni nje nderties te re , apartmente te ri
01:30
as long as the rules there
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derisa rregullat jane aty
01:32
were ones that facilitated construction
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te cilat e perkrahin konstruksionin qe ju po e beni
01:34
rather than getting in the way.
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me mire se sa te humbeni diku.
01:36
So I proposed
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Pra uen propozoje
01:38
that governments create new reform zones
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qe qeveria te krijone zona te reja reformuese
01:41
big enough to hold cities
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te jen te gjendje te mbajne qytetet
01:43
and gave them a name: charter cities.
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dhe t'ju japin atyre nje emer: qytetet me qira.
01:46
Later I learned that at about this same time,
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Me vone e mesoave se gati per te njejten kohe
01:48
Javier and Octavio
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Javier dhe Octavio
01:50
were thinking about the challenge of reform
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ishin duke menduar per ndryshimin e reformave
01:52
in Honduras.
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ne Honduras.
01:54
They knew that about 75,000 Hondurans every year
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Ata e dinin qe rreth 75,000 Honduras ( qytetar) gjdo vite
01:58
would leave to go to the United States,
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do te ikini per te shkuar ne Shtetet e Bashkuara,
02:00
and they wanted to ask, what could they do
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dhe deshironin te pysin se qfar mund te benin
02:02
to make sure that those people could stay
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per te bere te sigurt qe keta njerez te rrine
02:04
and do the same things in Honduras.
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dhe te bejne te njejten gje ne Honduras.
02:07
At one point, Javier said to Octavio,
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Tek kjo pike, Javier i tha Octavios,
02:09
"What if we took some of our empty land --
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"Qfar nese ne e marrim disa nga toka jone boshe--
02:11
what if we just gave it to an embassy --
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Qfar nese i dhem nje ambasade--
02:13
give some to the U.S. embassy; give some to the Canadian embassy --
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ti japim ca ambasades Amerikane; disa asaj Kanadeze --
02:16
and then if people want to go work
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dhe pastaj nese njerezit deshirojne te shkojne te punojne
02:18
under the rules of Canada or under the rules of the United States,
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me rregullat e Kanades ose rregullat e SHBA-se
02:20
they can go get jobs,
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mund te shkojne te marrin ndonje pune,
02:22
do everything they do on those embassy grounds
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do te bejne gjdo gje qe munden ne keto ambasada
02:24
that they would otherwise have to go to Canada or the U.S. to do?"
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qe ne menyren tjeter do te kishin shkuar ne Kanad ose Amerik
02:29
In the summer of 2009,
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Ne veren e 2009,
02:31
Honduras went through a wrenching constitutional crisis.
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Hondurasi kishte nje kriz konstitucionale.
02:34
At the next regularly scheduled election,
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Tek zgjedhjet e rregullta
02:37
Pepe Lobo won in a landslide
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Pepo Lobo fitoi ne krahun e tokes
02:39
on a platform that promised reform,
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ne nje platform qe premtoi reforma,
02:42
but reconciliation as well.
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mirpo edhe pajtim gjithashtu.
02:45
He asked Octavio to be his chief of staff.
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Ai i kerkoj Octavios te behet shefi i stafit.
02:49
Meanwhile, I was getting ready
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Gjersa, une isha duke u bere gati
02:51
to give a talk at TEDGlobal.
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per te them nje fjalim per TedGlobal.
02:53
Through a process of refinement,
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Neper nje proces to riformimit
02:55
trial and error, a lot of user testing,
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perdorimit me gabime, shum shfrytezues duke testuar
02:58
I tried to boil this complicated concept of charter city
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Provova te zie ket koncept te qytetit me qira
03:01
down to the bare essentials.
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duke i shoshitur vendimet.
03:05
The first point was the importance of rules,
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Pika e pare ishte shum e rendesishme per ligj-beresit
03:07
like those rules that say
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sikurse keto regullat qe thone
03:09
you can't come in and disturb all the existing apartment holders.
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nuk mund te vish ketu dhe ti shqetsosh te gjith pronaret e apartamenteve eksistuese.
03:12
We pay a lot of attention to new technologies,
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Ne kemi kujdes te madh per teknologjin e re,
03:14
but it takes technologies and rules to get progress,
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mirpo duhet proces per teknologjin dhe rregullat qe te marr rruge,
03:17
and it's usually the rules that hold us back.
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dhe zakonisht rregulloret jane ato qe neve na mbajne large
03:21
In the fall of 2010, a friend from Guatemala
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Ne dimrin e 2010, nje shok nga Guatamala
03:24
sent Octavio a link to the TEDTalk.
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i dergoj Octavios nje lidhje direkt per nje ligjerat Ted-i
03:27
He showed it to Javier.
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Ai i'a tregoj Javier-it
03:29
They called me.
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dhe me thirren mua.
03:31
They said, "Let's present this to the leaders of our country."
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Ata than " le ta prezentojna kete tek lideret e shtetit tone"
03:34
So in December we met in Miami,
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Pra ne Dhjetor ne shkuam ne Miami,
03:37
in a hotel conference room.
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nje dhe konference ne nje hotel.
03:39
I tried to explain this point
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Provova t'ju shpjegoj kete pike
03:41
about how valuable cities are,
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sesa te vlefshum qytetet jane
03:43
how much more valuable they are than they cost.
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sa me te vlefshum jane sesa qe kushtojne ata.
03:45
And I used this slide
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dhe e perdora kete slide ( faqe per prezantim ne kompjuter)
03:47
showing how valuable the raw land is
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duke ju shfaqur atyre sa e vlefshme eshte toka
03:49
in a place like New York City:
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ne nje vend sikurse qyteti i Nju Jorkut:
03:51
notice, land that's worth thousands of dollars, in some cases,
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kujdes, toka qe eshte e vlefshme qindja e mijera dollar ne disa raste
03:54
per square meter.
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per nje meter katrore.
03:56
But it was a fairly abstract discussion,
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mirpo ishte nje bised shum abstrakte por e natyreshme
03:59
and at some point when there was a pause,
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dhe tek disa pika kur ishte ndonje pauze
04:02
Octavio said,
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Octavio thoshte,
04:04
"Paul, maybe we could watch the TEDTalk."
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"Paul, ndoshta mundemi ta shikojme biseden e Ted-it
04:07
(Laughing)
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(Qeshen)
04:09
So the TEDTalk laid out in very simple terms,
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Pra biseda ne Ted ishte shum me terma te thjeshtesuar,
04:12
a charter city is a place
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nje vend me qira eshte nje vend
04:14
where you start with uninhabited land,
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ku ti fillon ti zhvillosh nje tok te patrasheguar
04:17
a charter that specifies the rules that will apply there
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nje qiradhenje e cila specifikon rregullat qe aplikohen atje
04:20
and then a chance for people to opt in,
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dhe nje shance per njerezit qe te jen te afte ne.
04:22
to go live under those rules or not.
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te jetojne me keto rregulla ose jo
04:26
So I was asked by the president of Honduras
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Pra une kerkova nga presidenti i Hundurasit
04:29
who said that we need to do this project,
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i cili tha se na duhet te bejme kete projekt
04:31
this is important,
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kjo eshte merendesi
04:33
this could be the way forward for our country.
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ky mund te jet menyra per te arritur sukses shteti yne.
04:36
I was asked to come to Tegucigalpa
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Me ishte kerkuar to vije ne Teguciagalpa
04:38
and talk again on January fourth and fifth.
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dhe te flas prap me 4 ose 5 janar.
04:41
So I presented
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Une e prezentova
04:43
another fact-filled lecture
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nje tjeter literatur fakti deshtoi
04:45
that included a slide like this,
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e cila perfshinte nje sllajd sikurse ky,
04:47
which tried to make the point that, if you want to create a lot of value in a city,
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i cili provonte te bente nje pike te cilen nese don ta krijosh nje vler te madhe per nje
04:50
it has to be very big.
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qytet shum te madh
04:52
This is a picture of Denver,
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Kjo eshe nje fotografi e Denver-it
04:54
and the outline is the new airport that was built in Denver.
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dhe pikat kryesore te airoporti te ri i cili ishte ndertuar ne Denver
04:56
This airport alone
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Vetem airoporti
04:58
covers more than 100 square kilometers.
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mbulon me teper se 100 kilometra katrore
05:00
So I was trying to persuade the Hondurans,
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Pra isha duke provuar ti binja Hondurasit,
05:02
if you build a new city,
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se po ta ndertoni nje qytet te ri,
05:04
you've got to start with a site that's at least 1,000 square kilometers.
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ju duhet te filloni me nje krah me se paku 1,000 kilometra katrore.
05:07
That's more than 250 hundred-thousand acres.
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Apo me teper se 250 mije ari
05:13
Everybody applauded politely.
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secili e preferoj ne menyr te zbutur.
05:15
The faces in the audience
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Fetyrat ne audience
05:17
were very serious and attentive.
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ishin shume serioze dhe te perqendruar
05:20
The leader of the congress came up on stage and said,
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Lideri i kongresit erdhi ne sken dhe tha
05:23
"Professor Romer, thank you very much for your lecture,
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"Profesor Romer, faliminderit shum per prezentimin tuaj,
05:26
but maybe we could watch the TEDTalk.
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mirpo me mir ta shiqojme prezentimin ne Ted
05:29
I've got it here on my laptop."
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E kam ketu ne llaptopin time"
05:33
So I sat down, and they played the TEDTalk.
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U ula dhe e leshofa Ted-prezentimin
05:36
And it got to the essence,
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dhe e fitoj esencen
05:38
which is that a new city could offer new choices for people.
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e cili ishte se nje qytet i ri mund te ofroje mundesi te reja per njereze.
05:41
There would be a choice of a city which you could go to
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Ishte mundesia e qytet ne te cilin ju mund te shkonit
05:43
which could be in Honduras,
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i cili mund te ishte ne Honduras,
05:45
instead of hundreds of miles away in the North.
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ne vend se te ishte mijera kilometra ne veri.
05:47
And it also involved new choices for leaders.
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gjithashtu ishte involvuar zgjedhje te rela per lideret
05:49
Because the leaders in the government there in Honduras
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sepse lideret ne qeveri ne Honduras
05:52
would need help from partner countries,
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do t'ju nevoitet ndihme prej shteteve partnere,
05:54
who could benefit from partner countries
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te cilat mund te perfitojne prej shteteve partnere
05:56
who help them set up the rules in this charter and the enforcement,
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te cilat i ndihmojne atyre per te ven ne funksion rregullat dhe qiradhenjen ne fuqi,
05:59
so everybody can trust
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pra te gjith mund te besojne
06:01
that the charter really will be enforced.
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qiradhenje me te vertet do te jet e forcuar
06:04
And the insight of President Lobo
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dhe perbrenda presidentit Lobo
06:06
was that that assurance of enforcement
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ishte qe siguria dhe forcimi i ligjit
06:09
that I was thinking about
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per at ishte duke menduar
06:11
as a way to get the foreign investors to come in and build the city
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si nje menyr per te thithur investitoret e huaj per ta ndertuar qytetin
06:14
could be equally important for all the different parties in Honduras
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mund te jet me rendesi te njejte per te gjith pjesmarresit ne honduras
06:17
who had suffered for so many years
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te cilet kan vuajtur gjat gjith ketyre viteve
06:19
from fear and distrust.
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nga frika dhe mosbesimi
06:21
We went and looked at a site.
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Ne shkuam dhe shiquam
06:23
This picture's from there.
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Fotografi nga atje
06:25
It easily could hold a thousand square kilometers.
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shum lehet mund te mban mijera kilometra katrore
06:28
And shortly thereafter, on January 19th,
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dhe shkurt me 19 Janar
06:31
they voted in the congress to amend their constitution
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ata votuan ne kongres per te amandamentuar kushtetuten
06:34
to have a constitutional provision
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per te pasur nje kushtet te permisuar
06:36
that allows for special development regions.
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e cila lejon per nje zhvillim te veqant te religjionit
06:38
In a country which had just gone through this wrenching crisis,
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Ne nje shtet i cili sapo ka kaluar neper kriza te mdha ekonomike
06:41
the vote in the congress in favor of this constitutional amendment
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votimi ne kongres ne favorin e amandamendimit te kushtetutes
06:44
was 124 to one.
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isteh 124 me nje
06:47
All parties, all factions in society, backed this.
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Te gjitha palet, te gjith funksionet ne shoqeri, e perkrahet kete
06:50
To be part of the constitution, you actually have to pass it twice in the congress.
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Per tu bere pjes e kushtetutes, ju faktikisht duhet ta kaloni dy her ne kongres.
06:53
On February 17th they passed it again
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me 17 Shkurt e kaluan prap
06:56
with another vote of 114 to one.
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me nje votim tjeter prej 114 me 1.
06:59
Immediately after that vote,
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Menjeher pas atij votimi,
07:01
on February 21st to the 24th,
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me 21 deri 24 Shkurt
07:04
a delegation of about 30 Hondurans
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nje delegacion prej 30 Hondurasi
07:06
went to the two places in the world
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shkuan ne dy vende te botes
07:08
that are most interested in getting into the city building business.
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te cilat ishim me te interesuarat per te kaluar tek nje ndertes qytet
07:10
One is South Korea.
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ne Koren Jugore.
07:12
This is a picture of a big, new city center
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Kjo eshte nje fotografi e nje qyteti te madh - qender
07:14
that's being built in South Korea --
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e cila eshte e ndertuar ne Korel Jugore --
07:16
bigger than downtown Boston.
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me e madhe se qyteti ne Boston.
07:18
Everything you see there was built in four years,
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Gjdogje qe shihni atje eshte ndertuar per kater vite,
07:20
after they spent four years getting the permits.
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pasi kaluan kater vite duke nxierruar dokumentacionin
07:24
The other place that's very interested in city building is Singapore.
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Vendi tjeter i cili ishte i interesuar per te ndertuar qytetin ishte Singapori
07:26
They've actually built two cities already in China
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Fakitisht ata ndertuan dy qytete ne Kine
07:28
and are preparing the third.
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dhe jane duke pergatitur te tretin.
07:30
So if you think about this practically,
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Pra nese mendon rreth kesaj prakishte,
07:32
here's where we are.
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ja ku jemi.
07:34
They've got a site; they're already thinking about this site for the second city.
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Ata kan nje sajt; ata jane duke menduar per nje qytet te dye
07:37
They're putting in place a legal system
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Jane duke vendosur ne vend sistemin legal
07:39
that could allow for managers to come in,
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i cili ua lejon menagjerve te vine,
07:41
and also an external legal system.
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gjithashtu edhe nje sistem legal te jashtem
07:43
One country has already volunteered to let its supreme court
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Nje shtet tashme vullnetarisht ka lejuar gjygjin supres
07:46
be the court of final appeal for the new judicial system there.
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te jet pjes e nje paraqitje finale per nje sistem gjygjesore atje.
07:49
There's designers and builders of cities
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jan dizajneret dhe ndertuesit e qytetit
07:51
who are very interested.
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te cilet jane shum te interesuar.
07:53
They even can bring with them some financing.
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Ata madje mund te sjellin me vete edhe financa.
07:55
But the one thing you know they've already solved
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Mirpo njera nga gjerat me te mdha ata pothuajse e kan zgjidhur
07:57
is that there's lots of tenants.
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jane shum qiramarres.
07:59
There's lots of businesses that would like to locate in the Americas,
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Jane shum biznese te cilat deshirojne te vendosen ne Amerike,
08:02
especially in a place with a free trade zone,
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veqanarisht ne nje vend me tregti te lire,
08:04
and there's lots of people who'd like to go there.
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dhe ka shume njereze te cilet deshirojne te shkojne atje.
08:07
Around the world, there's 700 million people
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rreth botes jane 700 milion njerez
08:09
who say they'd like to move permanently someplace else right now.
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te cilet thone se deshirojne te shkojne diku tjeter
08:12
There's a million a year
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Jane mbi nje milion ne vite
08:14
who leave Latin America to go to the United States.
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te cilet e leshojn Ameriken Latine per te shkuar ne SHBA.
08:16
Many of these are a father
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Shumica prej tyre jane baballare
08:18
who has to leave his family behind to go get a job --
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te cilet duhet ta lene familjet e tyre per ta gjetur nje pune--
08:20
sometimes a single mother
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nganjehere nje mama e veteme
08:22
who has to get enough money to even pay for food or clothing.
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e cila nuk ka para per te paguar ushqimin dhe veshmathjet.
08:25
Sadly, sometimes there are even children
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Nganjeher edhe femijet
08:27
who are trying to get reunited with their parents
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te cilet provojne te ri-bashkohen me familjet e tyre.
08:29
that they haven't seen, in some cases, for a decade.
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te cilet nuk i kan pare, ne disa raste edhe dekada.
08:34
So what kind of an idea is it
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pra qfar lloje ideje eshte kjo
08:36
to think about building a brand new city in Honduras?
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te mendosh per ta ndertuar nje qytet te ri ne Honduras?
08:38
Or to build a dozen of these,
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apo per ti ndertuar disa nga keto,
08:40
or a hundred of these, around the world?
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apo qindra te tyre, rreth botes?
08:42
What kind of an idea is it
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qfar ideje eshte kjo
08:44
to think about insisting
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te mendosh per insistimin
08:46
that every family have a choice of several cities
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se secila familje ka nje zgjidhje per disa qytete
08:49
that are competing to attract new residents?
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te cilat konkurojne me njera tjetren per te marrur resident te ri?
08:52
This is an idea worth spreading.
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Kjo eshte nje ide e cila i'a vlen te shprendahet
08:55
And my friends from Honduras
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dhe shoket e mi prej Honduras-it
08:57
asked me to say thank you, TED.
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me kerkuan mua ta them faliminderit juve TED
08:59
(Applause)
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(Duartrokitje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paul Romer - Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, World BankPaul Romer's research on catch-up growth in low- and middle-income countries has emphasized the importance of government policies that encourage orderly urban expansion.
Why you should listen
Paul Romer believes in the power of ideas. He first studied how to speed up the discovery and implementation of new technologies. But to address the big problems we'll face this century -- insecurity, harm to the environment, global poverty -- new technologies will not be enough. We must also speed up the discovery and implementation of new rules, of new ideas about how people interact.
Throughout human history, big improvements in systems of rules took place when new governments entered the scene. In today's world, this process has been largely shut down. To bring it back to life, Romer proposes that we create new cities where people can go to escape from bad rules and opt in to new and better ones. With better rules, people can be safe, self-interest can protect the environment, and investment can bring families all the resources that the modern world has to offer.
Romer took office as the World Bank's Chief Economist and Senior Vice President in October 2016.
Paul Romer | Speaker | TED.com